MEASUREMENT AND TRANSMISSION OF AGROMET

DATA FOR WEATHER FORECAST

- Sponsored by India Meteorological Department

Internal Guide: Prof.Mr N.P Deshpande Sir External Guide: Mr P.A Kore Team: Hrishikesh Gadekar Harsha Lunawat Gautami Naik

It is the combined study of Agriculture and Meteorology.

It is the study and use of weather and climate information to enhance or expand agricultural crops .

It helps in the establishment of techniques and controls that foster a healthier agricultural industry.

Also beneficial for farmers and researchers to know the daily, seasonal, and annual variations that play a vital role in crop response and survival.

What Is Agro-meteorology?

Agro-meteorology includes parameters : Evaporation Wind speed/Direction Evapotranspiration Soil Temperature Dew Drops Rain Humidity etc. Some of the parameters are measured manually while

some are automated.

Continued..

The Indian Meteorology Department has generated an Automated Weather Station(AWS).

It measures many parameters and sends the data to PC directly.

But AWS does not include some parameters like Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Soil Temperature Measurement.

Continued..

Automated Weather Station

Surface observatory

EVAPORATION SOIL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

OUR PROJECT IS TO AUTOMATE THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS:

Instrument Used : Open Pan Evaporimeter

EVAPORATION

SOIL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

Evapotranspiration Composed of two subprocesses:

◦Evaporation occurs on surfaces of open water or from vegetation and ground surfaces.

◦Transpiration is the removal of water from the soil by plant roots, transported through the plant into the leaves and evaporated from the leaf’s stomata.

Typically combined in mass balance equations because the components are difficult to partition.

Instrument used: Lysimeter

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

SOIL TEMPERATURE: Temperature range: 0 to 55°c Temperature Accuracy: 0.5 OP TANK-Evaporation Water level accuracy: 1mm Water level range: 25 cm Evapotranspiration measurement with high

accuracy. Display of all readings Memory Storage: required to store readings of 3

parameters thrice a day

Project Specifications:

GENERALISED BLOCK DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Evaporation Proposed Block Schematic

Mechanical system

Microcontroller : ATmega8 Sensors: Ultrasonic sensor. GSM Modem:sim900 Motor

Components Selected

Parameter Ultra sonic sensor(GP2D120)

Ultra sonic sensor(HC-SR04)

Capacitive sensor

Range 2cm - 400cm 4 cm to 30 cm Accuracy 3mm. Better than hc-sr04 Higher Principle non-contact

measurement function

non-contact

measurement function

Linearity Less Higher Highest Image

Availability Yes Yes To be made

Level sensors comparison

Features: Power Supply :+5V DC Working Current: 15mA Effectual Angle: <15° Ranging Distance : 2cm – 400 cm/1" - 13ft Resolution : 0.3 cm Measuring Angle: 30 degree Trigger Input Pulse width: 10uS Dimension: 45mm x 20mm x 15mm

Ultrasonic Sensor….

Testing of Ultrasonic Sensor….

Hardware Implemented

Water level changes Capacitor value

Capacitive sensor

Frequency changes

Voltage changesADC

Soil temperature Proposed Block Diagram

Table 1: Comparison Of Temperature Sensors

Parameter LM35 PT100-RTD DB18B2/20

Accuracy 0.5°c @ 25°c 0.001°c ±0.5°c Range of ˗10°c to 85°c

Range −55°C to +150°C ˗200°c to 850°c ˗55°c to 85°c

Interfacing Direct to microcontroller

Bridge Direct To I/O Pin

Price Rs.45/- Rs.70/- Rs.100

Temperature sensor comparison

Temperature Sensor-LM35 Features:1. Accuracy : 0.5°c at 25°c2. Range : -55°c to 150°c3. Self Heating: Low4. Output Impedance: Low5. Cost: Low 6. Calibrated : In Degree Celcius

Components Selected

Testing of Temperature Sensor LM35

Hardware Implemented

Features: High-performance, Low-power AVR® 8-bit

Microcontroller Advanced RISC Architecture 6-channel ADC Eight Channels 10-bit Accuracy High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments 8K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash

program memory 512 Bytes EEPROM Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM

Why ATmega8?

Actual Hardware Built

Temperature and water level saved in EEROM Displayed on hyper terminal

Real time implementation

Soil Temperature: Each crop has its own temperature requirements. Requirement of irrigation. Evaporation Dam Catchment.

APPLICATIONS….

THANK YOU