ME2110 Lecture 9 : Concept Evaluation (ctnd.) Technical ...singhose.marc.gatech.edu/courses/me2110...
Transcript of ME2110 Lecture 9 : Concept Evaluation (ctnd.) Technical ...singhose.marc.gatech.edu/courses/me2110...
ME2110
Lecture 9 :
Concept Evaluation (ctnd.)
Technical Design Presentations (ctnd.)
© GIT
Outline
2
1. Review Design Phases Covered Problem Understanding, Design Specification
2. Concept Generation (review)
3. Concept Evaluation (continued) What is structured concept generation?
4. Design Tool 8 – Evaluation Matrices
5. Technical Design Presentations
1. Phases of Design
3
A. Customer/Product Requirements
(Problem Understanding)
B. Design Specification
C. Conceptual Design
I. Concept Generation
II. Concept Evaluation
D. Detail Design
E. Prototyping
F. Design Finalization
I. Specification for Production
Manufacturing
Usable Life
End of Life
PR
OD
UC
T L
IFE
CY
CL
E
Start
End
Concurrent
NOT
Linear
1. Design Tools to-date
4
A. Customer/Product Requirements Problem understanding, Initial Analysis
B. Design Specification Target Performance Metrics, Design Constraints
C. Conceptual Design
I. Concept Generation
II. Concept Evaluation
DT1 – P.U.F DT2 – H.o.Q
DT4 – Design Spec. Sheet
DT3 – Function tree
DT5 – Functional
Decomposition
DT6 – S.P.M DT7 – Morph. Chart
DT5 – Evaluation Matrices
1. DT2 – House of Quality
© GIT 5
Primary design tool in QFD
Ensures comprehensive
understanding of design task
and product requirements
Builds on P.U.F by adding
“rooms” for:
Design Trade-off & Analysis
Identification
Design Target Specification
Customer Competitive
Assessment
Technical Competitive
Assessment
Identifies key design
requirements for product
non-subjectively
2. Concept Generation
6
• Systematic identification of design alternatives
• Many alternatives
• Synthesis of concepts from function-level design
solutions (How’s)
Design Tools
• DT5 – Functional Decomposition
• DT6 – Solution Principles Matrix
• DT7 – Morphological Chart
7
2. DT5 – Function Decomposition
1 2 3 5 4 6
7
1 2 3+4 5 6
7
Feed in
1
Prepare
2
Dispense
3
Shape
4
Separate
5
Feed Out
6
Return
7
Dough Shaped
Dough
Waste Waste Waste Additives
1 2 3+4+5 6
7
1 2+3 4+5 6
7
Shape Dough Shaped Dough
Eloss Dough
Additives I
E
8
2. DT6 - Solution Principle Matrix
S u b - f u n c .
S o l u t i o n P r i n c i p l e s ( I d e a / S o u r c e )
1
I d e a : ( M e c h a n i c a l ) R u b o n M a t e r i a l
( M e c h a n i c a l ) S q u i r t M a t e r i a l
( M e c h a n i c a l ) P l a c e M a t e r i a l ( l i k e L e t t e r s e t )
( C h e m i c a l ) C h a n g e p a p e r c o m p o s i t i o n
S o u r c e : S t a n d a r d p r o d u c t T e a m # 2 L e t t e r s e t A c i d e t c h i n g
1
1
( C h e m i c a l ) C h a n g e p a p e r c o l o r ( l i k e L i t m u s p a p e r )
( E l e c t r i c a l ) B u r n p a p e r ( s p a r k )
( l i k e o l d f a s h i o n e d s t r i p c h a r t r e c o r d e r s )
( E l e c t r i c a l ) E l e c t r i f y P a p e r ( g l o w
d i s c h a r g e )
( E l e c t r i c a l ) S t a t i c c h a r g e t o h o l d m a r k
o n ( l i k e E t c h - A - S k e t c h )
F i s h e r S c i e n t i f i c T e a m # 3 T e a m # 1 E t c h - A - S k e t c h
1
( T h e r m a l ) B u r n p a p e r ( f l a m e )
( T h e r m a l ) H e a t p a p e r ( g l o w d i s c h a r g e )
( T h e r m a l ) M e l t o n M a r k
( M a g n e t i c ) A t t a c h m a g n e t i c m a t e r i a l ( l i k e r e f r i g e r a t o r m a g n e t s )
T e a m # 2 T e a m # 2 W a x s e a l s G i f t S t o r e
2
( B i o l o g i c a l ) G r o w b a c t e r i a , f u n g u s
( B i o l o g i c a l ) M o d i f y ( d i g e s t ? ) p a p e r
( O p t i c a l ) C h a n g e l i g h t p r o p e r t i e s o f
p a p e r ( r e f l e c t a n c e , p o l a r i t y )
( O p t i c a l ) C h a n g e l i g h t ( h o l o g r a m )
T e a m # 2 B i o T e c h M a g a z i n e T e a m # 2 T e a m # 2
2
( M e c h a n i c a l ) R u b o f f M a t e r i a l
( M e c h a n i c a l ) T a k e o f f m a t e r i a l
( M e c h a n i c a l ) C o v e r m a r k
( l i k e w h i t e o u t )
( C h e m i c a l ) C h a n g e p a p e r c o m p o s i t i o n
S t a n d a r d p r o d u c t T e a m # 2 T e a m # 1 T e a m # 2
( C h e m i c a l ) C h a n g e p a p e r c o l o r
( l i k e d y i n g f a b r i c t h e s a m e c o l o r a s a s t a i n )
( C h e m i c a l ) C h a n g e m a r k ( e . g . , b l e a c h )
( E l e c t r i c a l ) B u r n o f f m a r k ( s p a r k )
E T C .
T e a m # 1 T e a m # 2 T e a m # 2
Example: Design of a “Pencil” Sub-function 1: Make an Erasable Mark
Sub-function 2: Erase an Erasable Mark
© GIT
ME 2110: Creative Decisions and
Design
9
2. Combining Solution Principles
Sub-
Functions
\Solutions1 2 j m
1 F1 S11 S12 S1j S1m
2 F2 S21 S22 S2j S2m
i Fi Si2 Sij Sim
n Fn Sn1 Sn2 Snj Snm
Combination of Principles 1 2
Combination 1: S11 + S21 + … + Sn1
Combination 1: S11 + S22 + … + Sn2
© GIT
10
2. DT6 Example : A Simple Competition
20 ft
Sta
rt L
ine
6.25 ft
12.5 ft
Objective:
Place mass from Start line and place on target
11
Place Mass
on Target
Move
Mass
Navigate
to
Target
Brake on
Target
Generate
Power
Transmit
Power
Hit
Target
2. DT6 Example : A Simple Competition
Start with a Function Tree
12
Different working principles to satisfy the function “store energy” by varying the type of
energy.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mechanical Hydraulic Electrical Thermal
Flowing
Liquid
Heated
Liquid
Superheated
Steam
Type of Energy
Working Principle
Battery
Inductance, L
Pot.
Energy m
h
Hydraulic
reservoir e.g, Piston
Moving
Mass m
v
Mass
M, s, T
Flywheel w
J
+V-
J
v w Wheel
on
incline
Plane
Liquid
Res.
Pot. E. h
F
Spring Other Springs
Comp. Gas
F
2. DT6 Example : A Simple Competition
13
2. DT-6 The Morphological Chart
Going from concept to physical reality
... ... ...
Store/
Acquire
Power
Transmit
Power
Brake on
Target
Move
Mass
Navigate
to Target
Gravity Mouse Traps
Car Hit by Trap Rip Cord Effect Ramp Catapult
Rolling Friction String Break Anchor Rubber Stopper
Equal Size Wheels Larger Front Wheels
Rolling Sliding Projectile Launch
...
14
Concept 1: Gravity+Ramp+Friction Brake Concept 2: Mousetrap+Rip Cord+String Brake Concept 3: Gravity+Mousetrap+Friction Brake
Store/
Acquire
Power
Transmit
Power
Brake on
Target
Move
Mass
Navigate
to Target
Gravity Mouse Traps
Car Hit by Trap Rip Cord Effect Ramp Catapult
Rolling Friction String Break Anchor Rubber Stopper
Equal Size Wheels Larger Front Wheels
Rolling Sliding Projectile Launch
...
2. DT-6 Morph Chart Example
Outline
15
1. Review Design Phases Covered Problem Understanding, Design Specification
2. Concept Generation (review)
3. Concept Evaluation (continued) What is structured concept generation?
4. Design Tool 8 – Evaluation Matrices
5. Technical Design Presentations
ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design
THE BIG EGG-HUNT
3. Concept Evaluation Intro Example
ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 17
The Egg Basket
Central Nest
3. Concept Evaluation Intro Example
18
A) Each rotten egg in your zone is -3 points
B) Each regular egg (from the middle level of
the nest)in your zone is 1 pt.
C) Each Big Egg (from the top level of the
nest) in your zone is 3 pts.
D) All eggs in your basket are valued at 3X
the above values.
3. Concept Evaluation Intro Example
Concept 1 2 3 4 5
Criteria
A D
B A
C T
D U
E M
F
+
-
S
+ = better than datum; - = worse than datum; S = same as datum
3. DT8 – Evaluation Matrices
20
+ = better than datum; - = worse than datum; S = same as datum
Concept
Criteria
Cost
Gathering Ability
Safety
Robustness
Ease of Assembly
+
-
s
1 2 3 4 5
Bunny
D
A
T
U
M
Snake
+
S
S
S
_
1
1
3
_
_
+
+
+
3
2
0
_
_
+
+
+
3
2
0
Voodoo Spell
_
_
_
+
+
2
3
0
6. DT8 – 1st Level Evaluation Matrices
21
Pts. Meaning
0
unsatisfactory
1
just tolerable
2
adequate
3
good
4 very good (ideal)
Pts. Meaning
0 absolutely useless
solution
1 very inadequate
solution
2 weak solution
3 tolerable solution
4 adequate solution
5 satisfactory solution
6 good solution with few
drawbacks
7 good solution
8 very good solution
9 solution exceeding
the requirement
10 ideal solution
6. DT8 – Evaluation Scales
22
Concept 1 2 3 4 5
Criteria
A: lowmaterialcost
3 1 4 4 3
B: easyassembly
3 4 4 4 3
C: shorttesting time
4 1 3 4 4
D: simpleconstruction
2 3 4 3 3
E:functionalsafety
2 2 2 2 2
F: simpleoperation
3 3 3 3 2
Total 17 14 20 20 17
Relative =Total/24
0.71 0.58 0.83 0.83 0.71
6. DT8 – 2nd Level Evaluation Matrices
23
WEIGHT
(0-4)
C1
(RUB ON
- RUB
OFF)
C2
(PLACE
ON -
TAKE
OFF)
C3
(PLACE
ON - RUB
OFF)
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
MAKES ERASABLE
MARK
4 4 4
REMOVES
ERASABLE MARK
4 3 3
EMBODIMENT:
HOLDS POINT 3 2 4
PRODUCTION:
FEW PARTS 4 3 2
SIMPLE TO MAKE 4 2 2
ASSEMBLY:
EASY 3 3
OPERATION:
COMFORTABLE TO
USE
2 2 3
LOW USE FORCE 3 3 4
MAINTENANCE:
SHARPENABLE 4 4 4
SAFETY:
DOESN’T HARM
USER BY
BREAKING INTO
SMALL, HARMFUL
PARTS
4 3 4
NOT POISONOUS 0 4 3
TOTAL POINTS:
6. DT8 – 3rd Level Evaluation Matrices
24
1. Formulate Many Alternate
Concepts
2. Evaluate Concepts
3. Select Concepts for Further
Refinement
Conceptual Design Summary
DT5 – Functional
Decomposition
DT6 – S.P.M DT7 – Morph. Chart
DT5 – Evaluation Matrices
2. Phases of Design
© GIT 25
A. Customer/Product Requirements
B. Design Specification
C. Conceptual Design
I. Concept Generation
II. Concept Evaluation
D. Detail Design
E. Prototyping
F. Design Finalization
I. Specification for Production
Manufacturing
Usable Life
End of Life
PR
OD
UC
T L
IFE
CY
CL
E
Start
End
Concurrent
NOT
Linear
Outline
26
1. Review Design Phases Covered Problem Understanding, Design Specification
2. Concept Generation (review)
3. Concept Evaluation (continued) What is structured concept generation?
4. Design Tool 8 – Evaluation Matrices
5. Technical Design Presentations
27
• How to organize the talk
• The deliverables we need to see
• How to use and display graphics: – Specification lists
– Function trees
– Morph Charts
– Concept drawings
– Evaluation Tables
• Warnings about slide design
6. Technical Presentations
Things to Cover
28
Introductory Design Project
Display
Planning or analysis tools
House of Quality
Function Tree
Specifications
Morph Chart
Designs
Speak
Identify and describe drawings
Identify and describe planning tools
29
Before and After the Talk
• Face the audience
• Remove your cap
• Introduce yourself and your team
• End the talk with this statement:
“Thank you. I’ll be happy to answer questions.”
30
Guidelines for Presenting Images
• Describe and explain the diagrams and
charts that you display on the screen
• Use a pointer to highlight the things you talk
about
• Use specific, descriptive words to name your
concepts, their subsystems and their
components
• Avoid Photographs
31
Questions to Address During the Talk
• For Systems or Subsystems
– What makes [this] good or bad?
– What should we remember about this design?
• For House of Quality
– What relationships are important?
– What do relationships mean to you as designers?
– How do relationships impact your design work?
32
Displaying Figures and Tables on slides
• Choose light backgrounds
• Make displays fill the screen
• Show descriptive slide title OR figure caption
• You must describe your figures and tables to
the audience:
– What is it?
– Why is it presented?
– What should the audience see?
Some tools need reformatting for screen
display
J. Donnell / ME 2110, FALL '09 33
J. Donnell / ME 2110, FALL '09 34
35
D = Demand W = Wish
Issued:
Specification
For: CD Rom Moving Device Page 1
Changes D/W Requirements Resp. Source
Move CD Rom to target.
Geometry
D Fit within 24x12x12 inch area Instructor
Kinematics
W Quick acceleration Mfg. Engineer
W Straight line "
W Smooth acceleration "
Forces
D Operates with mouse traps Instructor
D Gravity "
Specifications (for CD Mover)
Slide Titles can be compressed to make room for displays
Spec sheet is cropped to allow for larger fonts
Focus on
Your Input !
36
Function Tree (for CD Mover)
Activate
System
Move
To CD
End
Forward
Motion
Anchor
Capture
Device
Stop
At CD
Capture
CD
Deliver
CD
Manipulate
CD
Protect
Our CD
Move
Their CD
Defend
Result
Retrieve CD and
Place on Target
Slide Title
Use one noun and one verb per box
Rows align for
ease of reading
J. Donnell / ME 2110, FALL '09 37
Generate Power
Transmit Power
Trap turns axle Car hit by trap Ramp Projectile / Catapult
Move to CD /
Target
Rolling Sliding Projectile
Move / Pick-up
CD
Suction Tape covered platform Trap hits disc Catch line
Brake on CD /
Target
Anchored String aroung axle Rubber stopper deployed
Mouse Trap Gravity
Morph Chart (for CD Mover)
Simple diagrams Row heads from Function Tree
Two or three words per cell
38
Conveyor Concept (for Fear Factor)
Claw arm
Conveyor Belt
Wheels
Grabbing Arm
This Drawing:
• Fills the slide
• Has labels
• Shows complete
system
Descriptive Title is
shown on the slide
J. Donnell / ME 2110, FALL '09 39
CONCEPT 1 2 3
CRITERIA
Drive Distance 2 3 4
Size 2 1 2
Speed 3 2 4
Low Cost 3 2 2
Ease of
Operation 3 2 3
Ease of
Production 1 2 3
Ease of Reset 2 2 3
Functional
Safety 2 2 2
Total 18 16 23
Relative=
Total/32 0.5625 0.5 0.71875
Evaluation Matrix (for Baggage Claim)
Concepts identified by name, by drawing or both
Fonts around 20 pt.
Highlight
scores
that make
a
difference
40
Focus, color and information
• Important information must visually dominate
any figure or table
• When possible, important information should be
clustered and centered
• Color is best reserved to highlight important
information
• Light colors often give you the greatest flexibility
41
Clustered information permits focus
D = Demand W = Wish
Issued:
Specification
For: CD Rom Moving Device Page 1
Changes D/W Requirements Resp. Source
Move CD Rom to target.
Geometry
D Fit within 24x12x12 inch area Instructor
Kinematics
W Quick acceleration Mfg. Engineer
W Straight line "
W Smooth acceleration "
Forces
D Operates with mouse traps Instructor
D Gravity "
42
Motion, Sound and information
• Motion should highlight important information
Animated concept drawings are very helpful
• Sound is best avoided
Unless the sound IS the information
Animated Text Is Not Helpful
J. Donnell / ME 2110, FALL '09 43
Strong colors obscure
information. Motion can make us
look away from the drawing
44
Mousetraps
Sliders for mobility
Gravity-
deployed
ramp
Pneumatics
for
whacking
arms
Photographs are difficult to pull off
45
Light is hard to control
46
Return
motor/spindle
subsystem
Control box Rat-whacking
arm/mousetrap
subsystem
Primary release solenoid
Drawer slider arms
Cross
support/diversion
arm mounting
bracket
Diversion
arm
Weight for
arms Bug chute
Diversion arm
launch
mousetrap
You control the light in drawings
Outline
47
1. Review Design Phases Covered Problem Understanding, Design Specification
2. Concept Generation (review)
3. Concept Evaluation (continued) What is structured concept generation?
4. Design Tool 8 – Evaluation Matrices
5. Technical Design Presentations
Questions?