MDGs: Progress & Challenges in Bhutan Kunzang Norbu Planning Commission

MDGs: Progress & Challenges in Bhutan

Kunzang NorbuPlanning Commission

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Millennium Development Goals

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2. Achieve universal primary education

3. Promote gender equality and empower women

4. Reduce child mortality

5. Improve maternal health

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria & other diseases

7. Ensure environmental sustainability

8. Develop a global partnership for development

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Goal 1 (a): Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger/Malnutrition

TARGET Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one

dollar a day

Indicators 1990 2000 2003 2015 Status of Progress

State of Supportive

Environment

Proportion of population living below national poverty line (%)

- 36.3% 31.7% 20% On track Strong

The Human Poverty Index(HPI-1)

-

33.34 33

- Insufficient

dataStrong

Source: Pilot HIES 2000, PAR 2004

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Goal 1 (a): Challenges

– Pro-poor growth• sectors like agriculture need to grow more

rapidly and gain increased productivity

– Balanced regional development • equitable access to social services,

infrastructure and market opportunities

– Weakness in poverty data collection, monitoring and evaluation

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Goal 1(b): Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

TARGET Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from

hunger

Indicators 1990 2000 2003 2015Status of

Progress State of

Supportive Environment

Percentage of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (2,124 Kcal)

- - 3.8% 1.9% Insufficient data

Strong

Percentage of under-weight under-five children

38(1989)

19% - 19%

Achieved Good

Percentage of under height under-five children

56%(1989)

40% - 28%

On track Strong

Source: PAR 2004, BLSS 2003

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Goal 1 (b): Challenges

• Achieving Food Security in the light of significant agriculture constraints

• Factors of low productivity, limited arable land and small land holdings

• Nutrition of women and children – pregnant women and anemia. Poor nutritional practices

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Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

TARGET Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere , boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a

full course of primary schooling

Indicators 1990 2000 2004 2015Status of Progress

State of Supportive

Environment

Gross Primary Enrollment Rate

55% 72% 84% 100% On track Strong

Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5


Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 7


Source: General Statistics, MoE, RGoB

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Goal 2: Challenges

• Enhancing outreach of primary education to children in rural and remote communities

• Disparities in educational enrollments and attainment between urban and rural areas

• Retention of children and reducing early school drop outs

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Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

TARGET Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and to

all levels of education no later than 2015


State of Supportive

Environment

Ratio of girls to boys in primary schools (%)

69(1991)

82 95 100 On track Strong

Ratio of girls to boys in secondary schools (%)

43(1991)

78 96 100 On track Strong

Ratio of females to males in tertiary institutes (%)

12(1991)

41 53 100 Needs attention

Good

Source: General Statistics, Ministry of Education, 2004, 2000, 1991

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Goal 3: Challenges

• Ensuring higher levels of female enrollment in tertiary education levels including vocational training

• Raising the Low levels of female adult literacy which have been assessed at half of men

• Promoting women’s fuller engagement in the economic and political life

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Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality

TARGET

Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate


State of Supportive

Environment

Under-Five mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births)

123 84 - 41 On track Strong

Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) 90 60.5 - 30 On track Strong

Proportion of Children covered under immunization programme

84% 85% 90%

(with card)

>95% On track Strong

Source: NHS, 1990, 1994, 2000, Bhutan National EPI Coverage Evaluation Survey 2002.

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Goal 4: Challenges

• Improving access, utilization and quality of child health care services in rural communities

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Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health

TARGET Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio


State of Supportive

Environment

Maternal mortality rate(per 100,000 live births)

560

255

- 140

On track

Strong

Delivery by skilled health personnel (%)

15% 24%

32%

100%

Needs

attention Good

Source: NHS, 1990, 1994, 2000 Annual Health Bulletins 2003

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Goal 5: Challenges

• Shortage of human resources and lack of obstetric equipment & facilities

• Dispersed & isolated nature of settlements

• Cultural and awareness barriers that inhibit utilization of maternal health services

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Goal 6(a): Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

TARGET Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS


State of Supportive

Environment

HIV cases detected 0 38 72(Feb 2005)

-

Insufficient data

Strong

Contraception Prevalence Rate

18.8%(1994)

30.7% - 60%(national target)

Unlikely Good


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• Lacking a national policy framework on HIV/AIDS

• Low condom usage

• Shortage of trained and qualified personnel in the treatment and care of HIV/AIDS

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Goal 6(b): Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

TARGET :Halt and begin to reverse the spread of Malaria and Other Major Diseases


State of Supportive

Environment

No of malaria cases [cases per 100,000]

22,126(1991)

[3,687 per 100,000]

5,935 2,760[366 per 100,000]

- Potentially

Strong

Tuberculosis incidence [ cases per 100,000]

720 168 133 - Potentially Strong


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Malaria-• Control of border malaria

• Dengue and JE outbreak risks

• Inaccessibility of large tracts of mosquito breeding grounds due to dense vegetation and forests

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Tuberculosis-

• To reduce TB related diseases

• Low case detection rate

• Lack and shortage of human other resources

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Goal 7 (a): Ensure Environmental Sustainability

TARGET Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and

programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources


State of Supportive

Environment

Proportion of land area covered by forest

72.5% 72.5% 72.5% - On track Strong

Ratio of protected area to surface area for maintaining biological diversity

23%

26% 29%

- On track Strong

CO2 (per capita)Emissions

- 5.89 tons

(1994)

- - -On track Strong

Proportion ofpopulation using solidfuels(i.e.wood, charcoal, dung )

- 75% 70%

- Insufficient

dataStrong

Source: State of the Environment 2001,

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• Land degradation

• Biodiversity Loss

• Urban environmental degradation

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Goal 7(b): Ensure Environmental Sustainability

TARGET Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water

and sanitation

Indicators 1990 2000 2003 2015 Status ofProgress

State of Supportive

Environment

Proportion of Population without sustainable access to an improved water source

55% 22% 16% 27.5% Achieved Strong

Proportion of Population without access to improved sanitation

33% 12% 7.4%

(of HHs)

17.5% Achieved Strong

Source: BLSS 2003, PAR 2004, CSO Statistical Yearbooks

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Goal 7(b):Challenges

• Coverage and quality levels for water and sanitation in rural areas

• Distance from water source

• To adapt alternative

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Goal 8 (a): Develop a Global Partnership for Development

TARGET In cooperation with developing countries, develop and implement strategies for decent and

productive work for youth

Indicators 1990 2000 2004 2015 Status ofProgress

State of Supportive

Environment

Unemployment rate (15-24)

- 1.4%(1998)

2.5% - Insufficient data

Strong

Source: NLFS, 1998, 2004

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Goal 8 (b): Develop a Global Partnership for Development

TARGET In cooperation with the private sector make available the benefits of new technologies,

especially information and communication technology

Indicators 1990 2000 2004 2015 Status of Progress

State of Supportive

Environment

Fixed Telephone Lines in Service

4,052 16,580 30,420 -

On track Strong

Telephone density(per 100 persons)

0.68 2.4 4 -

Computers in use( per 100 persons)

- 0.58(2001)

1.0 -

Internet users (per 100 persons)

- 0.43(2001)

- -

Source: National Statistical Bureau, 1990,2000,2003, ICT Annual Report 2004-2005, ICT Survey 2001

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• Financial sustainability of Rural Telecom services

• Appropriate technology that is cost effective

• Shortage of skilled human resources in ICT

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Concluding Remarks

• Meeting the MDGs will be challenging but potentially achievable.• In 2006/2007, Planning Commission coordinated MDG Needs

Assessment exercise involving all stakeholders with UNDP and RCC’s technical guidance and support

• The Needs Assessment Report is being finalized• There is opportunity to mainstream the MDG concerns into the 10 th

Plan

» Thank You.

MDGs: Progress & Challenges in Bhutan Kunzang Norbu Planning Commission

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