- Characters of innate immunity include: a- 1st line of defense b- Rapid defense c- No memory cell d- All of the above

- Innate immunity cells include: a- macrophage b- neutrophil c- NK cells d- All of the above

- Characters of adaptive immunity: a- 2nd line of defense b-delayed as response to infection c- specific for microbes & antigen d- All of the above

- Stem cells are: a- undifferentiated (unspecialized) cells. b- self-renewal. c- have the capacity to differentiate into

specialized cell types. d- All of the above

- The following are markers of B lymphocytes except :

a- CD 19 & CD21 b- Fc receptor c- CD4 d- class II MHC

- The following are markers of T lymphocytes except : a- CD 19 & CD21 b- CD 3 c- CD 4 or CD 8 d- T cell receptor (TCR)

- T lymphocytes recognize the following antigen: a- Protein b- lipid c- polysaccharide d- All of the above

- B lymphocytes recognize the following antigen : a- Protein b- lipid c- polysaccharide d- All of the above

- The following are types of B lymphocytes except: a- naïve B cell b-plasma cell c- memory cell d- NK cell

- The following are functions of NK cells except: a-Killing tumor cells. b- Killing virus-infected cells. c- Produce Il-4 which activate macrophages. d- Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

(ADCC)

- Antigen Presenting Cells include the following except :

a- Dendritic cells. b- Macrophages. c- T lymphocyte. d- B lymphocytes.

- The following are properties of Fab except: a- Contain whole light chain + VH + CH2. b- 2 in number. c- Part for Ag recognition. d- Part for Ag binding.

- The following are properties of Fc except: a- Tend to crystallize in solution b- One in number c- Contain remaining of both light chains C

domain d- Give effector & biological function of

antibody’

- The following are properties of IgG except: a-Cross the placenta b- Dimer c-Secondary immune response d-Activate complement

- The following are properties of IgM: a- Cross the placenta b- Pentamer c- Secondary immune response d- Secretory antibody

- The following are properties of IgD: a-Cross the placenta b- Dimer c-B cell receptor d-Activate complement

- The following are properties of IgA: a- Cross the placenta b- Dimer c- B cell receptor d- Activate complement

- The following are properties of IgE: a-Cross the placenta b- Dimer c- allergic reactions d-Activate complement

- The following is true for primary immune response: a- more rapid appearance of antibody, b- greater amount. c- IgM class. d- remains detectable for months or years.

- The following is true for secondary immune response exccept: a- more rapid appearance of antibody. b- greater amount. c-IgG class. d-remains detectable for few days.

- Class II MHC present antigen to: a- Th (CD4) b- NK c-Tc (CD8) d-Monocytes

- Class I MHC present antigen to: a- Th (CD4) b- NK c-Tc (CD8) d-Monocytes

- Class I MHC is present on the surface of: a- Th (CD4) b- NK c- Tc (CD8) d- All nucleated cell of the body

- ClassII MHC is present on the surface of: a- Th (CD4) b- dendretic cells c-Tc (CD8) d-All nucleated cell of the body

- The following are true for superantigen except: a- Proteins produced by pathogens. b- Processed by antigen presenting cells. c- Intact protein binds to variable region of

β chain on TCR of T cells. d- They induce massive T cell activation

- The followings are organ specific autoimmune disease except : a- Hashimoto thyroiditis b- Type I diabetes mellitus c- Autoimmune thrombocytopenia d- Rheumatoid arthritis

- Association between certain HLA types and autoimmune diseases has been noted such as: a- HLA: B27 b- HLA: B9 c- HLA: B29 d- all of the above

- The following are theories of autoimmunity except: a- Sequestered antigen b- Escape of auto-reactive clones c- Lack of helper T cells d- Cross reactive antigens:

- The following tissues contains sequestered antigen except: a- Testes b- Thyroid c- brain d- eye

- Hyperacute graft rejection: a- Occurs few days after transplantation. b- It is due to new formed antibodies. c- Antibodies react with antigens on vascular

endothelial cells and activate complement. d- all of the above.

- Acute graft rejection: a- Occurs few hours after transplantation. b- It is due to preformed antibodies. c- Grafts contain passenger leukocytes which

travel to the draining lymph nodes and activate recipient T cells.

d- all of the above.

- Chronic graft rejection: a- Occurs 10-20 after transplantation b- It is due to preformed antibodies c- Effectors are usually Th1 cells that

activate macrophages to cause tissue injury and scarring

d- all of the above

- Graft-versus-host disease occurs in the following conditions: a- The host possess histocompitability antigens

that the graft lack b- The graft contains immunologically

competent cells c- The host is immunologically incompetent d- all of the above

- T cell defects include: a- Congenital absence or anomalies of the

thymus b- E.g., Dsgeorge syndrome. c- Presented with viral, fungal, or protozoal

infections. d- all of the above

- All are false for stem cell defect except: a- Severe combined immunodeficiency disease

(SCID) b- E.g., Bruton's hypogammaglobulinaemia c- affects T cell only. d- E.g., Dsgeorge syndrome

- B cell defects include: a- The infant develop repeated bacterial

infections b- E.g., Dsgeorge syndrome. c- Presented with viral, fungal, or protozoal

infections. d- Congenital absence or anomalies of the

thymus

- Secondary cellular acquired Immunodeficiency occurs in: a- Malnutrition b- Infections (AIDS) c- Malignancies as Hodjkin's disease. d- all of the above

- The followings are Immunologic features of tolerance except : a- It is an active antigen-dependent

process in response to the antigen. b- It is specific. c- Maintenance of immunological

tolerance requires persistence of antigen. d- It can exist in T-cells only.

- Inactivated (killed) vaccine include: a- Salk polio vaccine b- T.A.B. vaccine. c- Koll's vaccine. d- all of the above

- Attenuated (weakened) vaccine include: a- Salk polio vaccine b- T.A.B. vaccine. c- BCG vaccine. d- non of the above

- Advantages of whole virus attenuated vaccines include: a- Can stimulate cellular as well as humoral

immune responses. b- Can be given safely to

immunosuppressed people. c- The virus will not revert to its virulent

form and cause disease d- non of the above

- The following vaccine has been developed to pathogens whose polysaccharide capsules protect them from phagocytosis: a- Toxoid vaccines: b- Conjugate vaccines c- Peptide vaccines d- non of the above

-The following vaccine has been developed in which genes for desired antigens are inserted into a vector e.g. plasmid a- Toxoid vaccines: b- Conjugate vaccines c- Peptide vaccines d- Recombinant vaccines

- The following are theories for tolerance induction except: a- Clonal deletion b- Clonal anergy: c- Clonal ignorance d- lack of suppressor cells

- The following are general properties of cytokines except: a- stored in granules b- Bind with specific receptor on target cell c- Pleotropism d- Redundancy

- Mediators and regulators of innate immunity include: a- IL-4 b- IL-5 c- IL-1 d- non of the above

- Mediators and regulators of innate immunity include the following EXCEPT: a- IL-4 b- IL-1 c- IL-12 d- Interferon IFN-α and IFN-β

- Mediators and regulators of adaptive immunity include: a- IL-4 b- IL-12 c- IL-1 d- non of the above

- Mediators and regulators of adaptive immunity include the following except: a- IL-4 b- IL-5 c- IL-1 d- IFN-γ

- The following are Mechanisms of action of adjuvants except: a- Prolong retention of the immunogen b- Increase the size of immunogen c- Stimulate the influx of macrophages

and other immune cells to the injection site

d- decrease local cytokine production

- The following are Methods of immunosuppression except: a- Cyclosporine & tacrolimus b- Corticosteroids c- Aluminium salts d- Anti-IL2 receptor antibody

- The following are Indications of immunosuppression except: a- Hypersensitivity responses. b- Autoimmune disease. c-Dsgeorge syndrome. c- After transplantation to prevent

rejection.

- The following are Adjuvant except: a- Virosomes b- squalene c- Aluminium salts d- Anti-IL2 receptor antibody

- The primary immune response include the following: a- there is a lag of several days (10 days) before

specific antibody becomes detectable. b- the antibody is IgM c- After a short time, the antibody level declines. d- all of the above

- The secondery immune response include the following: a- there is more rapid appearance of antibody. b- the antibody is IgG c- remains detectable for months or years. d- all of the above

- The following vaccines are given at the 4th month in Egypt except. a- Sabin b- DPT c- Measles d- Hepatitis B

- The following vaccine are given at the 9th month in Egypt. a- BCG b- DPT c- Measles d- Hepatitis B

- The following vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy except. a- Measles b- Mumps c- Rubella d- Diphteria

- Cancer results from several sequential events, including: a- Genetic predisposition b- Transformation by viruses c- Environmental mutagens such as radiation

and chemicals d- Tumor promoters. e- all of the above

- Evidence for immune reactivity to tumors include the followings exccept: a- Tumors with severe lympho-reticular infiltration

have a lower prognosis.  b- Certain tumors regress spontaneously c- There is an increased incidence of primary and

secondary malignancies in immunodeficient patients. 

d- Antibodies and immune T lymphocytes have been detected in patients with tumors. 

- The mechanism of action of type I hypersensitivity involves: production of IgE, in response to certain antigens. production of IgG, in response to certain antigens. production of IgM, in response to certain antigens. production of IgA, in response to certain antigens.

- Diagnostic tests for immediate hypersensitivity involve: Skin (prick and intradermal) tests. Measurement of Total IgE by ELISA. Measurement of specific IgE antibodies by

ELISA.. All of the above.

- Treatment of type I hypersensitivity involve the following EXCEPT: a- Avoidance of exposure. b- Symptomatic treatment. c- Immunotherapy. d- Radiation

- In type III hypersensitivity, Soluble Ag-antibody complexes are deposited on the vascular basement membrane and stimulate: a- C5a. b- C1 c- C5b d- C3b

- Serum sickness in an example of: a- Hypersensitivity I b- Hypersensitivity II c- Hypersensitivity III d- Hypersensitivity IV

- atopic dermatitis is an example of: a- Hypersensitivity I b- Hypersensitivity II c- Hypersensitivity III d- Hypersensitivity IV

- Erythroblastosis foetalis is example of: a- Hypersensitivity I b- Hypersensitivity II c- Hypersensitivity III d- Hypersensitivity IV

- Arthus reaction is an example of: a- Hypersensitivity I b- Hypersensitivity II c- Hypersensitivity III d- Hypersensitivity IV

- Which one of the following explain autoimmunity: a- Clonal deletion b- Escape of auto reactive T cells c- Hypersensitivity I d- Immuno suppression

- Which cell decreases with AIDS: a- CD 4 b- CD 8 c- plasma cell d- B cell

- B-cell defects include the followings: a- account for 50 to 60% of primary

immunodeficiencies. b- predisposing to infections with

encapsulated gram-positive bacteria. c- The most common B-cell disorder is

selective IgA deficiency. d- all of the above.