MCM 214 Session 4 Shovels and Excavtors
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Transcript of MCM 214 Session 4 Shovels and Excavtors
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Excavators
• Power Shovel
• Dragline
• Clamshell
• Backhoe or Hoe
• Hydraulic excavator
• Excavator loader or Backhoe loader • Bucket wheel excavator
• Trenching machines
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Shovel
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Outut o! shovel
n "
"#$$Outut o! shovel % & e!!iciency
C
where
& % Produ in m ' cycle % Heaed caacity Swell !actor Bucket !actor
C % Excavation time ( Swing time (Duming time
× ×
× ×
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)actors a!!ecting outut o! shovel
• *ature o! soil• Deth o! cut
• +ngle o! swing
• Caacity o! hauling unit and nos• ,o- Conditions
• .echanical condition o! shovel
• E!!iciency o! oerator
• Si/e o! -ucket
• Tye o! machine 0 Crawler or 1heel mounted 2
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Precautions re&uired to take to -etter outut !rom
excavators
• 1orking cycle should -e smooth3 well -alanced and well managed4
• Have a clear swing4
• Have su!!icient num-er o! hauling units to kee excavator -usy4 +voidwaiting time !or hauling units as well as !or excavator4 +lso see thehauling unit rolling is evenly distri-uted4
• 5oad the hauling unit uni!ormly3 avoid overloading4
• Position the excavator at a lace so as to get roer swing and ositionwith resect to tye o! material handled and osition o! hauling units4
• Dig the to hal! o! high -ank !irst to avoid lowering o! the -oom in eachcycle4 Then digging o! the next hal! should -e taken u4 This will hel in
reducing cycle time4• 1hile waiting !or the hauling units3 do not kee excavator idle4 This time
should -e utili/ed in cleaning the it area3 loosening the -ank3 cleaning uthe corners3 levelling the grades etc4 so that these oerations may notconsume time once the hauling unit arrives4
• 6ee -ucket teeth well sharen4
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Backhoe
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Outut o! Backhoe
n "
"#$$Outut o! Backhoe % & e!!iciency
C
where
& % Produ in m ' cycle % Heaed caacity Swell !actor Bucket !actor
C % Excavation time ( Swing time (Duming time
× ×
× ×
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Dragline
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Outut o! Dragline
Dragline roduction % Dragline -ucket caacity C !
1here
C % Theortical cycles'hr % 78$ cycles'hr
! % Correction !actor
% !7 !8 !" !9 !: !# !;
× ×
× × × × × ×
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Digging !actor !8
Boom length in
meter
78 7> 89 "$
Digging !actor $4># $4;= $4;8 $4#:
Hoist !actor !"
Boom length in meter 78 7> 89 "$
Hoist !actor $4=: $4=8 $4=$ $4>;
Swing !actor !9
+ngle o! swing =$ 78$ 7>$
Swing !actor $4># $4;= $4;8
5oading !actor !:
.ethod o! duming Truck Hoer Stockile
5oading !actor $4=# $4=# 74$
Oerator !actor !;
Oerator Exerienced +verage Beginner
Oerator !actor 74$ $4=: $4>:
,o- e!!iciency !actor !#
+ctual working
time
#$
min'hr
:$
min'hr
9$
min'hr
,o- e!!iciency
!actor
74$ $4>" $4#;
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)actors a!!ecting outut o! Dragline
• *ature o! soil
• Deth o! cut
• +ngle o! swing
• Caacity and num-er o! hauling units• .echanical condition o! Dragline
• E!!iciency o! oerator
• 5ayout o! site
• Si/e and tye o! -ucket and -oom
• Teeth o! -ucket and its condition
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Clamshell
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Outut o! clamshell
Clamshell roduction % Clamshell -ucket caacity C !
1here
C % Theortical cycles'hr % 78$ cycles'hr
! % Correction !actor
% !7 !8 !" !9 !: !# !;
× ×
× × × × × ×
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Digging !actor !8
Clamshell caacity in m" 7 8 " 9 :
Digging !actor $4=> $4=; $4=# $4=# $4=:
Hoist !actor !"
Digging deth in meter : 7$ 7: 8$
Hoist !actor $4>> $4;# $4#9 $4:8
Swing !actor !9Swing angle in deg4 #$ =$ 78$ 7>$
Swing !actor 748 74$ $4=> $4=$
)ill !actor3 loading !actor ,o- e!!iciency !actor and Oerator !actor are same as revious
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Comarison -etween various shovels
Sr4
*o4
Points o! consideration Dier shovel Dragline Backhoe Clamshell
7 Oeration in hard soil or
rock
@ood Poor @ood @ood
8 Oeration in wet soil or
mud
Poor )air Poor )air
" Distance -etween !ootingand digging
Small 5ong Small 5ong
9 5oading e!!iciency into
the vehicles
?ery good )air @ood Precise
-ut slow
: Digging level +t or a-ove!ooting level
Below!ooting
level
Below!ooting
level
+t3 a-oveor -elow
!ooting
level
# Cycle time as comared
to dier shovel
AAAAAAAAAAAAA .ore Slightly
more
High
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Hydraulic Excavator
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Outut o! Excavator
n "
"#$$Outut o! Excavator % & e!!iciency
C
where
& % Produ in m ' cycle % Heaed caacity Swell !actor Bucket !actor
C % Excavation time ( Swing time (Duming time
× ×
× ×
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Excavator loader
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Bucket wheel excavator
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1heel trenchers
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Seci!ications !or 1heel Trenchers
.ax4Trench
Deth inm
Trench 1idth inm
EnginePower in H4P4
1heel Seedin m'sec
Travel seedin 6m'Hr
Diggingseed inm'min
74#; $4"> to $4:" 97 $47> to 74": $4> to 94" $4$# to $4"$
74>8 $49$ to $4;# :$ $4;> to 84$> $48# to ;49 $4$> to 7;49
84:> $4=# to 74"$ >8 748" "47 $498 to 7$4>
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Bucket wheel excavator
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Seci!ications !or 5adder tye Trenchers
.ax4Trench
Deth inmm
Trench 1idth inmm
EnginePower in H4P4
1heel Seedin m'sec
Travel seedin 6m'Hr
Diggingseed inm'min
74"; $47: to $48$ ": 7489 to 84;8 747 to :4: $4#; to #4#
84:> $49$ to $4=8 97 $49> to 7478 848 to :47 $47: to 948
"4>7 $49$ to 74$; :: $4#> to 84;9 848 to :47 $4$= to 84=:
94:; $49: to 74"; #; $4:8 to $4>: 84; $487 to 94;:
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5adder tye trenching machines
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Comactors
.aterial mactA Shar
-lows
PressureA Static
weight
?i-rationA shaking 6neading
@ravel Poor *o @ood ?ery good
Sand Poor *o Excellent @ood
Silt @ood @ood Poor Excellent
Clay Excellent ?ery good *o @ood
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Tye o! Comactors
• Shee !oot roller < Towed or sel! roelled• Taming roller
• ?i-ratory comactors
• Pneumatic tired rollers
• Static smooth wheel steel rollers
•Plate comactors
T d Sh ! ll
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Towed tye Shee !oot roller
S l! ll d h ! t ll
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Sel! roelled shee !oot roller
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Taming ollers
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?i-ratory Comactors
)actors a!!ecting the comaction
• Static weight
• *um-er o! vi-ratory drums
• oller seed
• *um-er o! asses
• Drum diameter
• )re&uency and +mlitude
• Tandem ?i-ratory
• Towed ?i-ratory
• Shee !oot ?i-ratory• Sel! Proelled
• Hand @uided ?i-ratory
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Tandem vi-ratory comactors
T d i- t t
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Towed vi-ratory comactors
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Shee !oot vi-ratory rollers
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Sel! roelled comactors
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Hand guided comactors
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Pneumatic tired rollers
E!!ective width % 1
1 % nw ( 0nA72s i! s 88: mm
Or
1 % nw i! s 88: mm
1here
n % *um-er o! tires
w % 1idth o! each tyre
Static smooth heel steel rollers
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Static smooth wheel steel rollers
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Plate comactors
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Comaction e&uiment tyes
Subbases and road bases
Type Weight per meter
width
Cohesive soil Well graded, gravel-
sand mixtures, dry
cohesive soils
Uniformly graded
material
Granular, cement bound
granular, and soil cement
materials
Smooth wheel roller Upto 53 KN/m 125/6 125/8 125/8 T 110/16
Over 53 KN/m 150/4 150/8 UNS 150/16
Sheep foot roller Upto 53 KN/m 150/10 UNS 150/10 UNS
Over 53 KN/m 150/4 150/12 UNS UNS
Tamping roller Over 50 KN/m 225/4 150/12 250/4 UNS
i!rating roller Upto 18 KN/m 125/8 150/8 200/10 T 150/16
18 KN/m to 42 KN/m 225/4 225/4 300/8 T 225/"
Over 42 KN/m 2"5/4 2"5/4 300/4 T 225/5
#eight per wheel
$ne%mati& tire' roller Up to 25 KN 1"5/4 125/12 UNS 110/12
25 KN to 5( KN 300/4 125/10 UNS 110/12
5( KN TO 11" KN 400/4 150/8 UNS 150/16Over 11" KN 450/4 1"5/6 UNS 150/12
#eight per m2
i!rating plate &ompa& tor Upto 14 KN/m2 UNS "5/6 150/6 UNS
14 KN/m2 To 21 KN/m2 150/6 150/5 200/4 150/8
Over 21 KN/m2 200/6 200/5 250/4 UNS
Compaction reuirements - !aximum depth" !inimum #umber of passes!aximum depth of compacted layer $mm% " !inimum number of passes
&arth wor'
T ) *oller m%+t !e towe', +elf propelle' roller+ are %n+%ita!le- UNS) %n+%ita!le
O t t ! t
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Outut o! comactors
8
Sur!ace caacity
C 1 S 7$$$F %P
1here
F % Outut in m ' hr
1% Drum width in meters
S% +vg comaction seed in 6m'hr
P% *um-er o! asses
C% E!!iciency !actor % $4# !or !air3 $4; !or
× × ×
"
good3
$4> !or excellent conditions
?olumetric caacity
C 1 S t 7$$$F %
P
1here
F % Outut in m ' hr
T % Thickness o! soil layer
× × × ×
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Compactor Speed in Km/h
Taming !oot3 Crawler towed
Taming !oot3 1heel tractor towed
: A >
> < 7#Sel! roelled taming roller
)irst two or three asses
1alking out
)inal asses
: < >
7" < 7=
7# < 8"
Heavy neumatic : < >
.ultitired neumatic " < 7$
Smooth wheel " < #
Shee !oot # < 7$
?i-rating
Plate
oller
7 < 8
8 < "