Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mba-zg531-qm-zg531-l2 1/66

BITS PilaniPilani Campus Suhas A Chougule

Statistical Quality

Control (SQC)MBA ZG531/QM ZG531

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


BITS PilaniPilani Campus

Lecture-2

The DMAIC Process

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


What will we coer to!ay"

•What is Si# Sig$a%

• &$'ortance o goo! 'roect selection

•What is *MA&C%

•*o & re$e$+er what & hear!%

3

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2





•What is *MA&C%


4

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


What is Si# Sig$a%

• ,ro+le$-soling $etho!

• *ata-!rien a''roach to continuous i$'roe$ent• .n!erstan! critical in'uts control out'ut

• 0ow goo! can we +e%2

• Co$$on language

• Set o tools to tacle change

• &n other wor!s444

• An approach to sustainable continuous improvement that: - Moves us toward the goal of being a world-class company by

improving the uality and consistency of our processes - !ses statistical tools for significant process capability improvement"

#

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Si# Sig$a &s""

• *ata !rien a''roach to 'rocess i$'roe$ent

• Changing the way 3Msoles it 'ro+le$s

• Maing a !ierence withour results

• Maing a !ierence withour custo$ers

• A''lie! to our to'

,riorities

Si# Sig$a is 6ot"4

• A• A Se'arate &nitiatie

• A re'lace$ent orco$$on sense

• A 'assing 7a!• Se'arate or a!!itionalWor

Si# Sig$a Clari8cation

Magic $and

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


9eys to Si# Sig$a Success

• .n!erstan!ing o +usiness strategy

• &!enti8cation o critical +usiness issues

• :inage o 'roects to resolution o issues

• Clear e#'ectations or results• ;ight 'eo'le

• ;ight tools

• Measura+le 'rogress (Metrics)

• Manage or sustaina+le results

%

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


<es= +ut What &s Si# Sig$a%,utt *ierently

6 1/163 Years

5 1/2.33 Years

4 1/9 ou!"s

3 1/ou!"

1 12/ou!"

2 6/ou!"

M#sse" PuttsS#$%a &e'e&

&f you were to play '((rounds of golf per year

and played at

$hat)s your *igma level+

,

< + t Wh t & Si Si %

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


<es= +ut What &s Si# Sig$a%,ractical Meaning

• & >>? was goo! enough= there woul! +e"• @= :ost Articles o Mail / r

• @ Short-:ong Air'lane :an!ings / *ay

• @= Wrong *rug ,rescri'tions / <ear

• r= woul! you rather hae >>4>>>? "• D :ost Articles o Mail / r

• 1 Short-:ong Air'lane :an!ing eery 5 <ears

• E Wrong *rug ,rescri'tions / <ear

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


What !oes 0Si# Sig$a2 Mean%

• Fhe ter$ 0Si# Sig$a2 relates to nu$+er o !eects in a'rocess

.hat would be "//0 non-defective units 1wouldn)t

0 be good enough+

3.4 "e(ect#'e ca!s (or

e'er) million

*ro"uce" +ou&" ,e a

S# S#$%a &e'e&

*rocess

'(

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Another Way to :oo at &t"

• &n a Si# Sig$a 'rocess= s'rea! o custo$ers'eci8cations are twice as big as what 'rocess isca'a+le o

''('((-(,(%(/(#(4(3(

'#

'(

#

(

Process

2 r e u e n c y

LSL SL

I 0 0 L 1 2 2 M

I 0 0 L 1 2 2 M

''

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*issecting ,rocess Ca'a+ility

LSL SL

De(ects

Process Ca*a,#&#t)

ar#at#o! #!

Custo%er

eu#re%e!ts

Poor

Process

Ca*a,#&#t)

ar#at#o! #!

Su**&#er

I!a,#&#t) to

Measure

Correct&)

'

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2





•What is *MA&C%


'3

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


So ow !o & &!entiy a ,roect Fhat Maes Sense or Me%Begin +y asing yoursel these Huestions14 What is the $ost i$'ortant thing on which & a$ woring%

Where is 'ain%

@4 Which o these things are critical to our +usiness achieing ourstrategic goals%

34 What as'ect= i change!= woul! allow $e to co$'lete $yo+ectie in less ti$e= with a +etter result= an! $ae $y lieeasier%

I4 What 'rocess contains this !eect% &s the 'rocess itsel!eectie%

Most importantly: Project should be alignedwith both Business-unit goals andcorporate level metrics

'4

G tti , t ; !

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Getting ,roects ;ea!y orChartering

• o''er ,rocesses

• Fo' *own

• Business Strategy

• Botto$ .'

• ,rocess ,ain

• Both

• ow !o you select to' 'roects%

Management buy-in &clear prioritization

Everyone is involved &

projects are better sized

Pain Needs to Affect Business

'#

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


When is Si# Sig$a .se!%

• When%• ae a 'ro+le$ ('rocess isnJt woring eectiely or

eKciently)

• ArenJt sure o actions nee!e! to i$'roe

• Can $easure the i$'roe$ent we want• L#a$'les o 'roect goals%

• ;e!uce errors ($istaes= clai$s= $aterial waste)

• &$'roe Huality (to a s'eci8cation)

• ;e!uce ti$e (lea!-ti$e)

• &$'roe 'ro!uctiity (s'ee!= lost ti$e= waste! eort)• &$'roe conor$ance to a target

• &ncrease ca'acity= $aret share (growth)

• ;e!uce inentory (cash ow)

'/

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2





•What is *MA&C%


'%

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*MA&C

Measure to"a)s rea&#t)

A!a&)e the s#tuat#o!

I%*ro'e the *rocess

Co!tro& *rocess

De(#!e the $oa&

',

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*MA&C A''roach

• Clear 'ur'ose N goal

• Co$$on un!erstan!ing assure!

• Syste$atic a''roach +ase! on consensus O !ata

• All iews consi!ere! with consensus on ey issues• Fea$ a''roach ensures +uy-in

• Measure$ents ensure success

• 6o $easura+le i$'roe$ent go +ac an! thin

again• Fea$ har$ony P eeryone eHually inole!

• &$'roe! 'eror$ance ($oney) !e$onstrate!

• L$'hasis on control 'reents sli'-+ac

'

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*MA&C &$'roe Fools ;oa!$a'Stu") the Y

Pro7ect Y

MSA

I!#t#a&Ca*a,#&#t)

Mu&t#-ar#

The 8s

Process

Ma*

C

:MA

Measura,&e Y

0e!erate; #"e!t#()

a!" re"uce the 8s

Se'era&

%easura,&e

sus*ect 8s

Pro'e! Y<(=8

Pro'e!

Cr#t#ca& 8s

Mo!#tor

the Y

Co!tro&

the 8s

D; P#&ot;

I%*&e%e!t

:#!a&

Ca*a,#&#t)

Co!tro&

P&a!

De(#!e Measure A!a&)e I%*ro'e Co!tro&

I%*ro'e

Per(or%a!ce o(

the Y throu$h

o*t#%##!$ 8s

(

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


9ey Fer$s

• Y’s

• ,rocess out'ut aria+les or custo$er reHuire$ents• Associate! with 'rocess 'eror$ance or !eect$easures

• L#a$'les % Lines-on-Time, % ales by tore,!umber rolls produced on line

• X’s

• ,rocess in'ut aria+les

• Associate! with sources o ariation• L#a$'les Mar"eting programs, shel#placement o# product, type o# product,chemical mi$ture, manu#acturing line

y f x x xk = ( , ,..., )1 2

!nderstand the 5)s - control the 6)s

'

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*MA&C



I%*ro'e the *rocess

Co!tro& *rocess

De(#!e the $oa& a!" "e(ect


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*e8ne the Goal

•S 'eci8c

•M easura+le

•A

chiea+le

•; eleant

• F i$e-+oun!


Project Charter

3


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*e8ne the Goal

Gra'hical Ai!s use! in the !e8neste'• S&,C !iagra$

•,rocess Ma'

•,rocess ow chart


4

Specific


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*e8ne P ,roect CharterGetting to Work Example

7educe cost of poor uality from 40 to '0 by ((/"

88 9rowth 88 Productivity Cost 88 Cash

.;<

Primary goal: &mprove on time arrival to wor= from , minutes late

to # minutes late"

>ntitlement: Arriving to wor= ( minutes late"

Counter-balance: <o not have a foul mood while going to wor="

<elays in getting to wor=

Specific

Time-bound

Achievable


elevant

Measurable

8

Bus#!ess

Cr#t#ca& Y

Cor*orate Y

De(ect/Pa#!

Pro7ect Y

:#!a!c#a& Be!e(#t

#

Specific


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*e8ne P ,roect CharterPut in Your Project Example Here

.o reduce ?ogistics cost from #"'0 to 4"30 to sales by ((#

88 9rowth 88 Productivity Cost 88 Cash

@4((( per year in reduced ;edford shipping costs

@4((( per year in P*P over-shipments and P&A)s"

Primary goal: .o reduce P*P split-carton order-lines from B to y

by <ec '% ((4

>ntitlement: o split-carton orders

*econdary goals: .o reduce warehouse activity domestic freight

Dfewer orders and material losses Dover-shipments E P&A)sCounter-balance: Maintain P*P monthly sales

$e allow P*P customers to order less than carton uantities"

.his increases ;edford costs

8

SpecificMeasurable

Achievable

Time-bound

Bus#!ess

Cr#t#ca& Y

Cor*orate Y

De(ect/Pa#!

Pro7ect Y

:#!a!c#a& Be!e(#t

elevant


/

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


2>

Short ,rea?

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*MA&C



I%*ro'e the *rocess

Co!tro& *rocess


,

h


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Measure ,hase

Answers the Huestions"

• What are the in'uts an! out'uts% ('rocess $a')= an!

9,&R= 9,R

• What are the $ost critical in'uts% (cause N eects$atri#)

• ow goo! are the $easure$ent tools N syste$s%($easure$ent syste$s analysis)

• ow goo! is the 'rocess initially= +eore anything ischange!% ('rocess ca'a+ility)

Measure to"a) s rea&#t)


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Measure ,hase P ,rocess Ma'ow *o We Mae ne% :ist the ste's in your 'rocess

Process Ste*

Process Ste*

Process Ste*


* t e p s s h o u l d b e

c h a n g e s

o f

s t a t e1 F >

7 ; * G

3(

Measure ,hase ,rocess Ma' Measure to"a)s rea&#t)

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Measure ,hase P ,rocess Ma'ow *o We Mae ne% :ist ey out'uts ateach ste'

Process Ste*

Process Ste*

Process Ste*

ut*uts


ut*uts

shou&" ,e

%easura,&eth#!$s@

S

3'

M ,h , M


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Measure ,hase P ,rocess Ma'ow *o We Mae ne% :ist ey in'uts at eachste'

Process Ste*

Process Ste*

Process Ste*

ut*utsI!*uts


I!*uts shou&"

,e th#!$s@.

S

3

M ,h , MMeasure to"a)s rea&#t)

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Measure ,hase P ,rocess Ma'Your Turn!

0e!erate a Process Ma* (or 0ett#!$ to

or? !-T#%e

Pro7ect Y I%*ro'e o! t#%e arr#'a& (ro% 2

%#!utes &ate to 5 %#!utes &ate.

H&.: <>C&<> I .H>

2&7*. E ?A*. *.>P*.H> 2&?? & .H>

I>* &-;>.$>>G

33

M , M


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


nputs

Alar$ cloc

ot water

Foiletries

Fowel

Clean clothes that$atch

&utputs

Rertical ,erson

Clean= awae 'erson

,resenta+le 'erson

Measure P ,rocess Ma'Getting to Work Example

Process Ste*s

0et out o( ,e"

Sho+er;etc.

Dress

M , M


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


• 7oo!= coee

• ,ower• 6ews'a'er

• ,ace! lunch• Briecase

• Coat• 3M +a!ge

• 7unctioning ehicle• Cost o gas• FraKc• Weather

*irty 9itchen

7e! ,erson

;ea!y or wor 'erson

7rale! 'erson

;ea!y or wor 'erson

Measure P ,rocess Ma'Getting to Work Example (cont

at,rea?(ast

Co&&ect

#te%s (or +or?

Dr#'e to

+or?

Arr#'e at

+or?

Measure P Cause N Lects Matri#


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Measure P Cause N Lects Matri#ow !o We Mae ne%

• 7irst tool to 'rioritie Ts ro$ ,rocess Ma'

• Ass the Huestion ow !o each o the TJs relate= oraect the ey <Js%

• Assigns nu$+ers to tea$Js 0gut eel2• Allows tea$ to see which Ts the tea$ eels are $ostcritical

) )

3/

Measure P Cause N Lects Matri#


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Measure Cause N Lects Matri#ow !o We Mae ne%

Jey 6s and theirratings go here

Process *teps

E &nputs D5sgo here

5s are rated on

their affect on the

6)s with

(-'-3-

Cross Multiplied

.otals go here

3%

Measure P Cause N Lect Matri#


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Measure Cause N Lect Matri#Your Turn!

Generate a Cause N Lect Matri# using the ollowing <san! Ts ro$ your ,rocess Ma'

9 !ig!

" medium

# lo$

% none

1

5

Process

Ste*

Process

I!*uts

M#!utes

Late

Moo

"0T T : BD ALAM CLCE

SF FT AT

AT BAE:AST BAE:AST

AT BAE:AST C::

DI T E :CTII0 FICL

DI T E TA::IC

DI T E ATF

3,

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*MA&C



I%*ro'e the *rocess

Co!tro& *rocess


3

AnalyeA!a&)e the s#tuat#o!

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Analye

• WhatJs the 'ro+le$ (ailure) with ey in'uts%

• .n!erstan! eect these 0ailures2 hae on 'rocess an!'eror$ance youJre trying to i$'roe4

• Get at root causes

• .n!erstan! why these situations are allowe! toha''en4

• ,rioritie +iggest issues/o''ortunities4• Lnsure +uy-in4

• *eelo' action 'lan to a!!ress the$4

then, and only then

4(


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


7MLAeriew

hat #sthe

Process

Ste* /

I!*utG

Fo+ "o$oo" 8s

$o ,a"G

=:a#&ureH

hat ca!

,e "o!eG

hat

ha**e!s

#( the 8$oes

,a"G

=((ect o!

YsH

h) "#"

the 8 $o

,a"G

=CauseH

TDAY;

+hat "o +e

"o to

*re'e!t or

cou!ter or

#"e!t#() thecauseG

=Co!tro&H

Fo+ ,a" #s #t (or the

*ro7ect YG

Fo+ o(te! "oes

the cause

ha**e!G

Fo+ +e&& "oes

our co!tro& +or?

to"a)G

#s? Pr#or#t)

u%,er

=S CC DTH

4'

Analye 7MLAA!a&)e the s#tuat#o!

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Analye P 7MLAGetting to Work " Your Turn!

4

A l 7MLAA!a&)e the s#tuat#o!

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Analye P 7MLAGetting to Work Example

43


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Analye

• 6ow use !ata to ali!ate +iggest issues

• Lnsure +uy-in to a!!ress issues

• *eelo' actions 'lan to a!!ress issues

44

Analye A!a&)e the s#tuat#o!

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


AnalyeGetting to Work

• ow oten is there no gas in the gas tan%

• ow oten !oes your s'ouse tae the car%

• ow $any alar$ clocs !o you nee! to get u'%

• ow oten is the alar$ cloc not set 'ro'erly%

4#

A l


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


AnalyeGetting to Work " #oxplots

4/


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


AnalyeGetting to Work " $otplots

4%


7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


AnalyeGetting to Work " %itte& 'ine Plot

4,

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*MA&C

Co!tro& *rocess



I%*ro'e the *rocess


4

&$'roe Rali!ate &!eas

I%*ro'e the *rocess

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


&$'roe P Rali!ate &!eas

• Mae changes on a 'ilot scale

• Measure the !ierence

• Con8r$ youJe !iscoere! the ey issue(s)

• 'ti$ie aroun! ey issues• Fae urther actions to re8ne the solution

• Measure eect on your 'roect <

#(


I%*ro'e the *rocess

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2



• So$e i$'roe$ent i!eas are risier than others

• Collecting !ata 'rior to i$'le$enting the$ $ini$iesthat ris

Is there r#s?

assoc#ate" +#th

7ust "o#!$ #tJG

o

I%*&e%e!t

#"ea

Kust Do ItJ

Yes Fas #t e'er

,ee! "o!e

,e(oreG

o

*er#%e!t +#th

#"ea #! I%*ro'e

*hase

YesIs "ata

a'a#&a,&eG

o

Yes Co!"uct

Mu&t#-'ar#

a!a&)s#s

I%*ro'e%e!t

I"eas

#'

I t

I%*ro'e the *rocess

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


&$'roe -Rali!ate &!eas

C o s t / B e ! e

( # t

o Does Cost o(#%*&e%e!t#!$ so&ut#o!s

+#thout e*er#%e!t#!$

out+e#$h cost o( a P#&otG

Yes

o

Is there r#s?

assoc#ate" +#th 7ust

"o#!$ #tJG

I%*&e%e!t #"eaKust Do ItJ

Fas #t e'er

,ee! "o!e

,e(oreG

Yes

o

*er#%e!t +#th #"ea#! I%*ro'e *hase

Is "ata

a'a#&a,&eG

o

YesCo!"uct

Mu&t#-'ar#

a!a&)s#s

I%*ro'e%e!t

I"eas

Yes

Is #t *oss#,&e to cha!$e

the 8s ,ac? a!" (orthG

L o $ # s t # c s

o Is #t *oss#,&e to cha!$e

the *rocess (or SM

o( the eecut#o!sG

o Is #t *oss#,&e to

s#%u&ate the

*rocessG

o Does Cost o( #%*&e%e!t#!$so&ut#o!s +#thout

e*er#%e!t#!$ out+e#$h

cost o( a S#%u&at#o!G

Does Cost o(#%*&e%e!t#!$ so&ut#o!s

+#thout e*er#%e!t#!$

out+e#$h cost o( a DG

Yes Yes Yes

u! D=+#th 'er#(#cat#o! ru!H

Yes

u! P#&ot Stu")

=+#th structure" +a&? thruH

Yes

u! S#%u&at#o!

Yes

Does *rocess eecute o(te!

e!ou$h to e*er#%e!tG

e'#e+

So&ut#o!s

+#th *erts

o

o

#

&$'roe P ,ossi+le FoolsI%*ro'e the *rocess

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


&$'roe P ,ossi+le Fools

• Uust *o &t (,otential Quic it)• What it is &$'le$entation o low ris i!eas• When to use nly when riss are e#tre$ely low

• Business ,rocess ;e!esign • What it is .se o a!!itional tools to co$'letely oerhaul the

'rocess P signi8cantly changing how wor is !one• When to use When current 'rocess is so +a!ly +roen or

awe! that only solution is to create a new 'rocess

• :ean 0&$'roe2 Fools• What it is Set o tools to i$'roe 'rocess ow or eli$inate

waste

• When to use When trying to i$'roe the ow o a 'rocess oreli$inate 0waste2

• Structure! Walthrough• What it is ;ole 'lay situation with 'ro'ose! changes• When to use .se +eore 'ilot to ali!ate new 'rocess

#3

&$'roe P ,ossi+le Fools (cont )I%*ro'e the *rocess

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


&$'roe P ,ossi+le Fools (cont4)

• Si$ulation• What it is 7or$al $o!eling with sotware• When to use When canJt aor! to run e#'eri$ent or 'ilot

stu!y an! !ata is aaila+le

• ,ilot Stu!y

• What it is S$all scale i$'le$entation o 'ro'ose! solution• When to use & riss (ti$e= cost= co$'le#ity= 'otential

+ac8re) are too high to 'rocee! !irectly to ull i$'le$entation

• *esign o L#'eri$ents (*L)• What it is Statistically structure! 'lan or changing TJs an!

$easuring i$'act on <Js• When to use• Multi'le solution o'tions e#ist• ;is in i$'le$enting on a s$all scale• Can $easure i$'act o TJs on < in a reasona+le ti$e ra$e

#4

&$'roe P :ean Fools

I%*ro'e the *rocess

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


&$'roe :ean Fools

• :ean is continuous eli$ination o non-alue a!!e!wor (Mu!a or waste)4

• :ean ,ri$ary ,rinci'les• 7low P 'rocess runs as continuously as 'ossi+le with

little or no inentory +etween 'rocess ste's• ,ull P ;ate o each ste' is !eter$ine! +y nee!s o

succee!ing ste'Possible ?ean .ools !sed <uring &mprove Phase

• a&ue Strea% Ma**#!$

• Kust #! T#%e

• Sta!"ar"#at#o!

• TPM• Mater#a& :&o+

• SMD/a*#" Cha!$eo'er

• 5Ss =Sort; Stra#$hte!; Sh#!e;Sta!"ar"#e; Susta#!H

• K#"o?a

• Tota& Pro"uct#'e Ma#!te!a!ce

• Ea!,a!

• Su*er%ar?ets

• Pro"uct#o! Le'e&#!$

• Co!t#!uous I%*ro'e%e!t• Ta?t T#%e Assess%e!t

• Po?a Yo?e

• Custo%er Co&&a,orat#o!

• Su**&#er Co&&a,orat#o!

##

&$'roe P Measure LectG i k

I%*ro'e the *rocess

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


'Getting to Work

Time

P e r f o r m a n c

e

GOOD

BAD

#/

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*MA&C



I%*ro'e the *rocess

Co!tro& *rocess


#%

Control ,haseCo!tro& *rocess

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Control ,hase

• &ntro!uce controls to $aintain i$'roe$ent

• 7ocus on things youJe change!• What shoul! +e $onitore! an! how ($etrics)

• Who shoul! !o it (co$$it$ent)

• When / how oten• Fraining

• Action 'lan i 'eror$ance alls +ac

• an!-o 'lan

• Sustain the gains

#,

Control ,lanG tti t W k Y T !

Co!tro& *rocess

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Getting to Work " Your Turn!

#

Control ,lanG tti t W k

Co!tro& *rocess

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


Getting to Work

/(

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*MA&C



I%*ro'e the *rocess

Co!tro& *rocess


/'

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


So What is 0Si# Sig$a%2

• &tJs a 'hiloso'hy

• &tJs an initiatie

• &tJs a $etho!ology

• &tJs a toolit

/

*ummary of ?ecture-

*ummary of ?ecture

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


$e can use

<MA&C tofind outG

/3

*ummary of ?ecture-

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


*MA&C ,rocess• Purpose

• &!entiy= Huantiy an! eli$inate sources (cri$inals) oariation an! !eects (cri$es)

• &$'roe an! sustain 'eror$ance with well e#ecute! control

'lans (loc Ve$ u' an! throw away the ey)• Goals

• Achiee +reathroughs in custo$er satisaction= growth= cost /'ro!uctiity= an! cash / woring ca'ital

/4

*ummary of ?ecture-

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


9ey Fer$s

• <Js• ,rocess out'ut aria+les or custo$er reHuire$ents

• Associate! with 'rocess 'eror$ance/!eect $easures

• TJs• ,rocess in'ut aria+les

• Associate! with the sources o ariation

Cr#%eG !acce*ta,&e 'ar#at#o! #! Y

y f x x xk = ( , ,..., )1 2

!nderstand the 5)s - control the 6)s

Cr#%#!a&sG 8s that cause 'ar#at#o! #! Y

/#

*ummary of ?ecture-

7/21/2019 Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2


'nd o#Lecture -(

Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2

Documents

Transcript of Mba Zg531 Qm Zg531-l2