ASSIGNMENTS

Subject code: MB0028

(3 credits)

Set 1

Marks 60

SUBJECT NAME : PRODUCTION & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Note: Each Question carries 10 marks

1. Explain the various automated systems for transfer of materials in the production plant?

Illustrate your answer by considering an example of an automobile showroom.

2. State the important considerations for locating an automobile plant? Collect information

on layout planning of an automobile plant from various sources and furnish the same.

3. Who are the players in a project management? What are the various roles and

responsibilities of the players in a project management?

4. What are the various steps in project monitoring and controlling a project?

5. Explain the necessity and objectives of SCM?

6. What are the steps involved in SCM implementation?

ASSIGNMENTS

Subject code: MB0028

(3 credits)

Set 2

Marks 60

SUBJECT NAME : PRODUCTION & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Note: Each Question carries 10 marks

1. Explain how material flow information helps in work centre decision. Consider the

example of a shopping centre to illustrate your answer.

2. What are the reasons for failure of a project? Give suitable examples.

3. Explain the various phases in project management life cycle?

4. What are the seven principles of SCM?

5. Explain what is meant by bullwhip effect and how it could be prevented?

6. What do you understand by Line Balancing? What is the importance of order

picking in material handling? Give suitable examples.

In the previous posts we have already dealt about various phases in project management for

those students who are preparing the MBA assignments of MB0028. Now, to proceed with

that chapter we are going to publish one more assignment questions which will deal about

principle of SCM. Below is the question:

Question.4. What are the seven principles of SCM?

Answer: Seven principles of SCM are:

Group customer by needs- Effective SCM groups, customer by distinct service needs,

regardless of industry and then tailors services to this particular segment.

Customize the logistic network- In designing their logistics network; companies need to

focus on the service requirement and profit of the customer segments identified.

Listen to signals of market demand and plan accordingly- Sales and operations planners

must monitor the entire supply chain to detect early warning signals of changing customer

demand and needs. This demand driven approach leads to more consistent forecast and

optimal resource allocation.

Differentiate the product closer to the customer- companies today no longer can afford to

stock pile inventory to compensate for possible forecasting errors. Instead, they need to

postpone product differentiation in the manufacturing process closer to actual consumer

demand. This strategy allows the supply chain to respond quickly and cost effectively to

change in customer needs.

Strategically manage the sources of supply- by working closely with their key suppliers to

reduce the overall costs of owning materials and services; SCM maximizes profit margins

both for themselves and their suppliers.

Develop a supply chain wide technology strategy- as one of the cornerstones of successful

SCM information technology must be able to support multiple levels of decision making. It

also should afford a clear view and ability to measure the flow of products, services and

information.

Adopt channel spanning chain performance measures- Excellent supply chain performance

measurement system do more than just monitor internal functions. They apply performance

criteria to every link in the supply chain-criteria that embrace both service and financial

metrics.

POSTED BY ELZU AT 9:12 PM 0 COMMENTS

LABELS: MB 0028, MBA ASSIGNMENT, MBA BOOKS, SCM

Saturday, April 11, 2009

Various phases in project management life cycle – MB0028 Assignment-2

Question-3. Explain the various phases in project management life cycle?

Answer: This is the initial phase of any project. In this phase information is collected from

the customer pertaining to the project and the requirements are analyzed. The entire project

has to be planned and it should be done in a strategic manner. The project manager

conducts the analysis of the problem and submits a detailed report to the top project

justification, details on what the problem is a method of solving the problem, list of the

objectives to be achieved, project budget and the success rate of completing the project.

The report must also contain information and the project feasibility, and the risks involved in

the project.

Project management life cycle is the integrated part of management. It is attach with project

responsibility or failure of a project. For the MBA assignments it is the most valuable chapter

in production management.

The important tasks of this phase are as follows:

Specification Requirements Analysis (SRA): It has to be conducted to determine the essential

requirements of a project in order to achieve the target.

Feasibility study: To analyze whether the project is technically, economically and practically

feasible to be undertaken.

Trade off analysis: To understand and examine the various alternatives which could be

considered.

Estimation: To estimate the project cost, effort requires for the project and functionality of

various process in the project.

System design: Choose a general design that can fusil the requirements.

Project evolution: Evaluate the project in terms of expected profit, cost and risks involved

marketing phase.

A project proposal is prepared by a group of people including the project manager. This

proposal has to contain the strategies adopted to market the product to the customers.

Design phase: This phase involves the study of inputs and outputs of the various project

stages.

Execution phase: In this phase the project manager and the teams members work on the

project objectives as per the plan. At every stage during the execution reports are prepared.

Control – Inspecting, Testing and Delivery phase during this phase. The project team works

under the guidance of the project manager. The project manager has to ensure that the

team working under his, implements the project designs accurately, the project manager

has to ensure ways of managing the customer, perform quality control work.

Closure and post completion analysis phase upon satisfactory completion and delivery of the

intended product or service the staff performance has to be evaluated. Document the

lessons from the project. Prepare the reports on project feedback analysis followed by the

project execution report.

The phase which involve in the above are:

The preparation stage involves the preparation and approval of project outline, project plan

and project budget.

The next stage involves selecting and briefing the project team about the proposals followed

by discussions on the roles and responsibility of the project member and the organization.

The project management life cycle:

A Life cycle of a project consists of the following:

Understanding the scope of the project

Establishing objectives of the project

Formulating and planning various activities

Project execution and

Monitor and control the project resources

POSTED BY ELZU AT 8:25 AM 1 COMMENTS

LABELS: 2ND SEMESTER, 2ND SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT, MANAGEMENT, MB

0028, MBA, MBA ASSIGNMENT, MBA BOOKS, PROJECT, PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

Tuesday, March 3, 2009

What are the Reasons for Failure of a Project? – Assignment 2 of MB 00228

The assignment is also from the Production and operations Management MBA book (MB

0028). It is for 2nd semester also. The chapter has great importance from examination point

of view also like material flow chapter which has been already mentioned previously.

Question.2. what are the reasons for failure of a project? Give suitable examples.

Answer: Before knowing the reasons of failure we have to know about project.

Project is a set of activities which are networked in order and aimed towards achieving goal

of a project.

Now, the reasons are project failure:

Incidence of Project failure

Projects being initiated of random at all levels

Project objective not in line with business objective

Project management not observed

Project manager with no prior experience in the related project

Non- dedicated team

Lack of complete support from clients

Factors contributing to project success not emphasized:

Project objective in alignment with business objective

Working within the framework of project management methodology

Effective scoping planning, estimation, execution, controls and reviews, project bottlenecks

Communication and managing expectations effectively with clients, team merits and stake

holders

Prior expectance of PM in a similar project

Overview of information and communication Technologies (ICT) project:

Involve information and communication technologies such as the word wide web, e-mail,

fiber-optics satellites

Enable societies to produce, access, adapt and apply information in greater amount, more

rapidly and at reduce casts

Offer enormous opportunities for enhancing business and economic viability

Common problems encountered during projects

No prioritization of project activity from an organizational position

One or more of the stages in the project mishandled

Less qualified non-dedicated manpower

Absence of smooth flow of communication between the involved parties

These basic reasons lead a project to failures. In the project failures business management

and project management is directly involved. From the management point of view it is basic

things to care above topics to success of a project. Project is the core business of a

company. In the MBA assignment its role has been defined from the management

prospective.

POSTED BY ELZU AT 8:02 PM 0 COMMENTS

LABELS: 2ND SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT, ASSIGNMENT, MB 0028, MBA, MBA

ASSIGNMENT, MBA BOOKS, PROJECT, SIKKIM MANIPAL UNIVERSITY , SMU,

SMU MBA

Sunday, February 1, 2009

Explain how material flow information: Q-1 of Assignment-2 from MB 0028

Now, in the SMU MBA assignment blog you will get 2nd assignment of MB 0028. In the 1st

assignment total questions were 6 which have been finished now. Each book contains 6

questions for the assignment in SMU MBA. From my point of view 1st question and 2nd

questions of the MBA assignment were most important. Below is 1st question from the

assignment-2 of MB 0028 (Production and operations Management).

Question.1. Explain how material flow information helps in work center decision. Consider

the example of a shopping center to illustrate your answer.

Answer: The decision which involves during uses of material flow information has below-

A work center is a production facility comprising of one or more machines and one or more

workmen considered as a single unit for purposes of estimation of capacity. This unit may

have a single operation or a number of them conducted on the input items. In the pipeline of

production, each work center’s contribution is vital as materials are scheduled, routed and

loads to be sent to it.

In most organization, they are even considered as cash centers. Location trust means

relative position of different centers so as to minimize the movement of materials, meet

technological sequences, to reduce congestion, maximize throughput, improve part tracking

ability and avoid repetitive movements. In addition another consideration is to provide for

expansion of production.

Each work center receives information along with material that enter it the material also

leaves the word center with information. The route sheet contains information about the

material, process, quantities, and inspection procedures. Etc. the drawings or instructions

tell the condition of the malarial of entry and the required condition at exit.

In this sense every operation consists of material transformation occurring on the basis of

information. Activities conducted are on the basis of information that flows with material.

Different locations have to accommodate the constraints of the basis of darning maximums

benefit of the information that is available. Basically, each location is determined on the

basis of from and to: where does it receive material goes. Some centers have to close as a

matter of necessity, some need not to be and some need to be as for away as possible.

This aspect has been given a rating scale in terms of alphabets as under:

Absolutely necessary to be close

Essential to be close

Ordinary closeness

Ordinary closeness

Unimportant that they are close or not

Not desirable that the centers are close

It can be seen that this is only a guide for Indian location as the work centers as there will

many competing factors that have to be accommodated.

POSTED BY ELZU AT 7:11 PM 0 COMMENTS

LABELS: 2ND SEMESTER, 2ND SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT, MB 0028, MBA, MBA

ASSIGNMENT, SIKKIM MANIPAL UNIVERSITY , SMU, SMU MBA

Thursday, January 22, 2009

Question-6 of MB 0028 Book for MBA Assignment-1

I think we all have submitted our MBA assignment however I am publishing the assignment

for those students who are participating in 2nd semester this year. The assignment will lead

them to prepare their examination also. The assignment has been written by me for the

purpose of 2nd semester examination.

Question.6 - What are the steps involves in SCM implementation?

Answer- There is many steps which involved in SCM implementation are- Business Process,

sales and marketing. Logistics, costing, demand planning, trade- off analysis, environmental

requirement, process stability, integrated supply, supplier management, product design,

suppiers, customers, material specifications, etc.

Some important aspect of SCM-

The level of competition existing in the market and the impact of competitive forces on the

product development.

Designing and working on a strategic logic for better growth through value invention.

Working out new value curve in the product development along with necessary break point.

Using it to analyses markets and the economies in product design. Tine, customer, quality of

product and the concept of survival of fittest.

Steps of SCM principals:

Group customer by need: Effective SCM groups, customer by tietinct service meeds those

particular segment.

Customize the logistics networks: In designing their logistics network, companies need to

focus on the service requirement and profit potential of the customer segments identified.

Listen to signals of market demand and plan accordingly- sales and operations planners

must monitor the entire supply chain to detect early warning signals of changing customer

demand and needs.

Differentiate the product closer to the customer-companies today no longer can afford to

stock pile inventory to compensate for possible forecasting errors, instead, they need to

postpone product differentiation in the manufacturing. Process closer to actual customer

demand.

Strategically manage the source of supply-by working closely with their key suppliers to

reduce the overall casts of owning materials and services; SCM maximizes profit margins

both for themselves, and their supplies.

Develop a supply chain wide technology strategy- as one of the cornerstones of successful

SCM information technology must be able to support multiple levels of decision making.

Adopt channel spanning performance measures- Excellent supply performance

measurement systems do more than just monitor internal functions. They apply

performance criteria that embrace bathe service and financial metrics, including as such as

each accounts true profitability.

POSTED BY ELZU AT 7:46 PM 2 COMMENTS

LABELS: 2ND SEMESTER, 2ND SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT, ASSIGNMENT, MB

0028, MBA, MBA ASSIGNMENT, MBA BOOKS, SMU, SMU MBA

Thursday, January 8, 2009

Question-5 of SMU Assignment-1 from the MB 0028 Book

Hi to all! I am going to publish question 5 which is the from MB 0028 assignment. I have

already published question 4 in my previous post. I think it will also help you in the

understanding of SCM in MBA.

Question 5. Explain the necessity and objectives a SCM?

Answer. SCM is the abbreviation of supply chain Management. It is considered by many

express worldwide as the ultimate solution towards efficient enterprise management.

Now, we explain the necessity and objectives of SCM-

SCM is required by and enterprise as a tow to enhance management effectiveness with a

following organizational objective:

Reduction of inventory

Enactment in functional effectiveness of existing systems like ERP, Accounting. Software and

Documentation like financial reports statements ISO 9000 Documents etc.

Enhancement of participation level and empowerment level

Effective integration of multiple systems like ERP, communication systems, documentation

system and secure, Design R&D systems etc.

Better utilization of resources- men, material, equipment and money.

Optimization of money flow cycle within the organization as well as to and from external

agencies.

Enhancement of value of products, operations and services and consequently,

enhancements of profitability.

Enhancement of satisfaction level of customer and clients, supporting institutions, statutory

control agencies, supporting institutions, statutory control agencies, suppliers and vendors,

employees and executives.

Enhancement of flexibility in the organization to help in easy implementation of schemes

involving modernization, expansion and divestment, merges and acquisitions.

Enhancement of coverage and accuracy of management information systems.

With the objectives of SCM its implementation are required. Implementation is in the form of

various functional blocks of an organization interpenetrated through which a smooth flow of

the product development is possible.

A relatively new SCM option involves web based software with a browser interface. Several

electronic marketplaces for buying and selling goods and materials.

POSTED BY ELZU AT 11:18 PM 6 COMMENTS

LABELS: MB 0028, MBA, MBA ASSIGNMENT, MBA BOOKS, SIKKIM MANIPAL

UNIVERSITY, SMU, SMU MBA

Sunday, December 14, 2008

Question-4 – Assignment-1 of SMU – MBA Book of MB 0028

Below is already published Question 1st, 2nd and 3rd in MBA assignment blog. Now, I am

going to published 4th question of MB 0028 Book.

(Production and operations Management)MB 0028.

Question 4. What are the various steps in project monitoring and controlling a project?

Answer: Here we elaborate the project monitoring and control.

Any project aimed at delivering a product or a service has to go through phases in a planned

manner in order to meet the requirements. It only by careful monitoring of the project

progress. It required establishing control factors to keep the project on the track of progress.

The results of any stage in a project, depends on the inputs to that stage. It is therefore

necessary to control all the inputs and the corresponding outputs from a stage. A project

management may use certain standard trolls to keep the project on track. The project

manager and the team members should be fully aware of the techniques and methods to

rectify the factors influencing delay of the project and its product. The methodology of PERT

(programmer Evolution Review Technique) and CPM (critical path method) may be used to

analyze the project. In the PERT method one car find out the variance and use the variance

to analyze the various probabilistic estimates pertaining to the project. Using the CPM one

can estimate the start time and the finish time for every event of the project in its WBS

(work Breakdown Structure).

The analysis charts can be used to monitor, control, track and execute a project. Typical

PERT/ CPM exercise of a project are worked out at the end of this sub unit- 9.2. The various

steps involved in monitoring and controlling a project from start to end are as follows-

1. Perlirninary work- the team members understand the project plans, project stage

schedule, progress controls, tracking the dules. Summary of the members have to

understand the tolerances in any change and maintain a change control log. They must

realize the need and importance of quality for which they have to follow strictly quality

agendas. They must understand the stage status reposes, stage and reports, stage end

approval reports.

2. Project progress- The members must keep a track of the project progress and

communication the same to other related members of the project. They must monitor and

control project progress, through the use of regular check points, quality charts. Statistical

tables, control the quality factors which are likely to deviate from expected values as any

deviation may result in change to the stage she duel

3. Stage control- The manager must establish a project check paint cycle. For this suitable

stage version control procedure may be followed.

4. Resources- Plan the resources required for various stage of the project. Brief both the

project team and the key resources about the objectives of every stage, planned activities,

products, organization. Metrics and project controls.

5. Quality control- This is very important in any project: Quality control is possible if the

project member’s follow-

Schedule quality review, Agenda for quality review, conduct quality review and follow up.

6. Progress control- It is the main part at assessment-

Progress control assesses- monitor performance, update schedule, update casts, Re-plan

stage schedule, conduct team status review etc.

Along with we create status report, create flash reports, project status reports etc.

7. Approvals - lastly, project sage reviews and the decisions taken and actions planned need

to be approved by the top management. The goals of such review are to improve quality by

finding defects and to improve productivity by finding defects in a cost effective manner.

The group review progress includes several stage like planning, preparation and overview, a

group review meeting and rework recommendation and follow-up.

POSTED BY ELZU AT 2:19 AM 24 COMMENTS

LABELS: 2ND SEMESTER, 2ND SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT, MB 0028, MBA, MBA

ASSIGNMENT

Thursday, December 11, 2008

Question-3 – Assignment-1 of SMU – MBA Book of MB 0028

I have already mentioned in my introduction of MBA blog that the blog will tell you only

about the assignment of MBA of SMU. In the first question we have already published two

posts that contain 2 questions. Both questions are related to Production and Operation

Management book of MB 0028.

Here I am going to publish my 3rd questions of 2nd semester assignment of Production

and Operation Management.

Question 3. Who are the players in a project management? What are the various roles and

responsibilities of the players in a project management?

Answer. At first we will discuss about project management then we will discuss about

players in project management. Project management is the practice of controlling the use of

resources, such as cost, time manpower, hardware and software involved in a project. That

starts with a problem statement and end with delivery of a complete product.

Here we will see the participants of project management:

In the project management players individual and organizations both are involved-

That is actively involved in the project whose interests may be affected by the outcome of

the project.

Exert influence over the project and its results players or also called “stake holders’’ of the

project

Project manager- the individual responsible for managing the project.

Customer- the individual or organization that will use the product- the end result of the

project.

Performing organization- the enterprise whose employees are mast directly involved in

doing the work of the project.

Sponsors- the individual or group within or external to the performing organization that

funds the project.

Now, we will define the role and responsibilities of project management. Here are some roles

and responsibilities:

There are number of projects which an organization works on. It is not possible for one

individual to manage all the projects.

There is a team of mangers who manage the projects.

There may be different teams working an different projects.

An experienced project manager and this team may manage more than one project at a

time.

The project team is responsible for ensuring that the project upon completion shall deliver

the gain in the business for which it is intended for.

-the project team has to properly co-ordinate with each other working on different aspects of

the project.

-the team members are responsible for the completion of the project as per the plans of the

project.

Characteristics of project mindset: - some of the characteristics of project mindset are the

following –

Time - it is possible to improve the pace of the project by reducing the time frame of the

process. The mindset is normally to work in a comfort made by stretching the time limits.

Responsiveness – it refers to quickness of response of an individual. The vibrancy and livens

of an individual or an organization are proportional to its capability of evolving process and

structure for superior responsiveness time constant.

Information sharing – information is owner information is the matter key to today’s business.

Information sharing is the characteristic of the project mindset today.

Process – project mindset lays emphasis on flexible process. The major difference in a

process and a system is in its capabilities of providing flexibility to different situational

encounters. Flexible process possesses greater capabilities of adaptability.

Structured planning – structure planning based a project management life cycle enables one

to easily and conveniently work according to the plan.

POSTED BY ELZU AT 7:35 PM 2 COMMENTS

LABELS: 2ND SEMESTER, 2ND SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT, MB 0028, MBA, MBA

BOOKS

Saturday, November 1, 2008

Question-2 – Assignment-1 of SMU – MBA Book of MB 0028

Production and operations Management

Question 2. Sate the important consideration for locating an automobile plant?

Collect information on layout planning of an automobile plant from various

services and furnish the same.

Answer: To locate an automobile company or plant many thing should be consider. For an

automobile plant automated flaw lines, automated assembly lines, flexible manufacturing

systems, global transition rapid prototyping. Building manufacturing flexibility things are

necessity.

About the automated flow lines we can say it is a machine which is linked by a transfer

system which moves the parts by using handling machines which are also automated, we

have an automated flow line.

Human intervention ma is needed to verify that the operations ate taking place according to

standards. When these cab be achieved with the help of automation and the processes are

conducted with self regulation, we will have automated flow lines established.

In fixed automation or hard automation, where one component is manufactured using

services operations and machines it is possible to achieve this condition. We assume that

product life cycles are sufficiently stable to interest heavily on the automate flow lines to

achieve reduces cast per unit.

Product layouts ate designed so that the assembly tasks are performed in the sequence they

are designed at each station continuously. The finished item came out at the end of the line.

In automated assembly lines the moving pallets move the materials from station to station

and moving arms pick up parts, place them at specified place and system them by perusing,

riveting, & crewing or even welding. Sensors will keep track of there activities and move the

assembles to the next stage.

The machines are arranged in a sequence to perform operations according to the technical

requirements.

The tools are loaded, movements are effected, speeds controlled automatically without the

need for worker’s involvement.

The flexibility leads to better utilization of the equipments. It reduces the numbers of

systems and rids in reduction of investment as well as a space needed to install them. One

of the major cancers of modern manufacturing systems is to be able to respond to market

Demands which have uncertainties.

Prototyping is a process by which a new product is developed in small number so as to

determine the suitability of the materials, study the various methods of manufactured, type

of machinery required and develop techniques to over come problems that my be

encountered when full scale manufacture is undertaken.

Prototypes do meet the specification of the component that enters a product and

performance can be measured on these.

It helps in con be reforming the design and any shortcomings can be rectified at low cost.

Flexibility has three dimensions in the manufacturing field. They are variety, volume and

time. There demands will have to be satisfied. In that sense they become constraints which

restrict the maximization of productivity. Every business will have to meet the market

demands of its various products in variety volumes of different time.

Flexibility is also needed to be able to develop new products or make improvements in the

products fast enough to cater to shifting marker needs.

Manufacturing systems have flexibility built into them to enable organization meet global

demand. You have understood how the latest trends in manufacturing when implemented

help firms to stay a head in business.

Note: all the answer has been taken by SMU book of MB 0028 for this assignment.

POSTED BY ELZU AT 10:12 AM 1 COMMENTS

LABELS: 2ND SEMESTER, 2ND SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT, ASSIGNMENT, MB

0028, MBA, MBA BOOKS

Friday, October 31, 2008

Question-1 – Assignment-1 of SMU – MBA Book of MB 0028

Production and operations Management

Question: 1. Explain the various automated system for transform of materials in

the production plant? Illustrate your answer by considering on example of an

automobile showroom.

Answer: Basically, automation system comes to reduce labour power and time in the

production. Here we can see the evolution systems with some examples. The goods requited

by society were produces in small quantities by craftsman who would know the need of the

community and produced them by their own hands with simple tools. The apprentices or by

another craftsman, who would make them to meet the requests made.

The parts and components used to make these machines had to be replaced when they

wore making parts so that interchangeability was achieved made setting up standards and

specifications important for meeting

The craftsmen gave way to engineers, workers, superiors and inspectors. Division of labour

became necessary to achieve efficiencies and the jabs that became specialized. Competition

has necessitated improved quality, reduced sates and better services to the customer.

Automation systems cost huge sums of money and therefore a deep analysis of the various

factors has to be done. For services, automation usually means labour saving devices in

education, long distance learning technology helps in supplementing class room instruction.

The facilitating goods that are used are web site and videos.

Automation in the banking sector has resulted in ATMs which same the banks a huge

amount customer satisfaction. Automation is ideas when the service provided or the product

manufactured is highly standardized.

Some extent of automation can be designed even with customization i. e. product or service

a meant to produce or deliver low volume specific to a requirement. The advantages of

automation is it has low variability and will be more consistent on a repetitive basis

The machines have sensing and control devices that enable them to operate automobile.

The simplest of them called machine attachments replace human effort. They guide, locate,

move and achieve revise position by means of came, optical sensing. Load sensing

mechanisms and activate the controls to remove human intention.

Robots are higher in the order of automation as they perform a variety of tasks. They are

designed to move movements according to programmers written into the computer that

inside them.

With the help of automation, inspection of component can be done 100% ensures highest

quality identification and movement of materials are helped by bar codes which are read

and fed into the system far monitoring quantity, location, movement etc. They help the

automated systems to start information and provide information for effecting any changes

necessary. To make effective use of automated machines, we need to have the movement

of materials from and to different time as stores, automated, Automated storage and

Retrieval systems- ASRS- receive orders for materials from anywhere in the production area,

collect materials in the works times. Computers and information systems are used for

placing orders for matters, give commands adjust inventory records which show the location

and quantity of materials needed.

Automated guided vehicle systems- AGVS – are pallet trucks and unit load carriers follow

embedded guide wires or paint strips to destinations as programmed.

In an automobile showroom we can see all the work automatically with latest machine.

“Production and operations Management

Question 2. Sate the important consideration for locating an automobile plant? Collect

information on layout planning of an automobile plant from various services and furnish the

same.

Answer: To locate an automobile company or plant many thing should be consider. For an

automobile plant automated flaw lines, automated assembly lines, flexible manufacturing

systems, global transition rapid prototyping. Building manufacturing flexibility things are

necessity.

About the automated flow lines we can say it is a machine which is linked by a transfer

system which moves the parts by using handling machines which are also automated, we

have an automated flow line.

Human intervention ma is needed to verify that the operations ate taking place according to

standards. When these cab be achieved with the help of automation and the processes are

conducted with self regulation, we will have automated flow lines established.

In fixed automation or hard automation, where one component is manufactured using

services operations and machines it is possible to achieve this condition. We assume that

product life cycles are sufficiently stable to interest heavily on the automate flow lines to

achieve reduces cast per unit.

Product layouts ate designed so that the assembly tasks are performed in the sequence they

are designed at each station continuously. The finished item came out at the end of the line.

In automated assembly lines the moving pallets move the materials from station to station

and moving arms pick up parts, place them at specified place and system them by perusing,

riveting, & crewing or even welding. Sensors will keep track of there activities and move the

assembles to the next stage.

The machines are arranged in a sequence to perform operations according to the technical

requirements.

The tools are loaded, movements are effected, speeds controlled automatically without the

need for worker’s involvement.

The flexibility leads to better utilization of the equipments. It reduces the numbers of

systems and rids in reduction of investment as well as a space needed to install them. One

of the major cancers of modern manufacturing systems is to be able to respond to market

Demands which have uncertainties.

Prototyping is a process by which a new product is developed in small number so as to

determine the suitability of the materials, study the various methods of manufactured, type

of machinery required and develop techniques to over come problems that my be

encountered when full scale manufacture is undertaken.

Prototypes do meet the specification of the component that enters a product and

performance can be measured on these.

It helps in con be reforming the design and any shortcomings can be rectified at low cost.

Flexibility has three dimensions in the manufacturing field. They are variety, volume and

time. There demands will have to be satisfied. In that sense they become constraints which

restrict the maximization of productivity. Every business will have to meet the market

demands of its various products in variety volumes of different time.

Flexibility is also needed to be able to develop new products or make improvements in the

products fast enough to cater to shifting marker needs.

Manufacturing systems have flexibility built into them to enable organization meet global

demand. You have understood how the latest trends in manufacturing when implemented

help firms to stay a head in business