Maya_ Incas & Aztecs
Transcript of Maya_ Incas & Aztecs
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THE MAYAN CIVILIZATION
Drin Krasniqi
Art Grubi
Nderim Xhemajli
Njomza BeqiriEnxhi Abazi
Fatos Dobroshi
Lis Berishaj
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The history
The Maya civilization was a very old culture inMesoamerica. It is famous because people there
knew about writing, art, advanced mathematics,
and advanced astronomical (star) systems. Otherpre-Columbian American civilizations did not have
these.
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In the 8th and 9th century, the cities in the southern
lowlands had problems, and declined. At the same
time, the Maya stopped making big monuments andinscriptions. Shortly afterwards, these cities were
abandoned. Currently, archaeologists are not sure
why this happened. There are different theories.Some think ecological factors played a role in this.
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Social Structure
The Maya civilization was certainly
never an "empire", inasmuch as one
person never ruled the entire region. Kings were hereditary positions, and, at least after
they were dead, the kings were sometimes
considered gods.
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Gender differences
Ancient Maya women had an important role in
society: beyond just propagating culture through
the bearing and raising of children, Maya womeninvolved themselves in economic, governmental and
farming activities.
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Although the Maya preferred that rulership pass to
sons and not daughters, the eighth ruler of Palenque
was a woman.
Men and women performed separate but equaltasks: “males produced food by agricultural labor,
but females processed the products of the field to
make them edible.”
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Science
Mayan Astrology was a form of Mesoamerican form of
astrology that was one of the most advanced forms ofastrology of its time.
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Numerical System
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Astronomy
Astronomy was a very important factor of Mayanculture.
They had two calendars the ritual one called “ Tzolk’in ”that was used for calculating religious ceremonies andfestivals and predicting the destiny of people.
The second calendar was the solar calendar called “Haab “ containing 18 months of 20 days each plus 5unlucky days called “ Uayeb ”. The two calendars wereused on conjunction and the Maya calculations were soaccurate that they were able to make exact reckonigspredict eclipses and plot the orbit of the planet Venus.
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No.
Seq.
Name of
month
Glyph
examplemeaning
No.
Seq.
Name of
month
Glyph
examplemeaning
1 Pop mat 10 Yax green storm
2 Wo'black
conjunction11 Sak' white storm
3 Sip redconjunction
12 Keh red storm
4 Sotz' bat 13 Mak enclosed
5 Sek ? 14 K'ank'in yellow sun
6 Xul dog 15 Muwan' owl
7 Yaxk'in' new sun 16 Pax planting time
8 Mol water 17 K'ayab turtle
9 Ch'en black storm 18 Kumk'u granary
19 Wayeb'five unlucky
days
H a a b
’
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Tzolk’in
Seq.
No.
1
Day
Name 2
Glyph
example 3
16th C.
Yucatec 4
reconstruct
ed
Classic
Maya5
Seq.
No.
1
Day
Name 2
Glyph
example 3
16th C.
Yucatec 4
reconstruct
ed
Classic
Maya5
01 Imix' ImixImix (?) /
Ha' (?)11 Chuwen Chuen (unknown)
02 Ik' Ik Ik' 12 Eb' Eb (unknown)
03 Ak'b'al Akbal Ak'b'al (?) 13 B'en Ben (unknown)04 K'an Kan K'an (?) 14 Ix Ix Hix (?)
05 Chikchan Chicchan (unknown) 15 Men Men (unknown)
06 Kimi Cimi Cham (?) 16 K'ib' Cib (unknown)
07 Manik' Manik Manich' (?) 17 Kab'an Caban Chab' (?)
08 Lamat Lamat Ek' (?) 18 Etz'nab' Etznab (unknown)
09 Muluk Muluc (unknown) 19 Kawak Cauac (unknown)
10 Ok Oc (unknown) 20 Ajaw Ahau Ajaw
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Religion
The Mayans were very religious people. Their religion regulated
almost everything in their life. Priests were the most important
people in the tribes. The Mayans believed their gods had destroyedand recreated their earth several times that is why they always tried
to please their gods with sacrifices.
They believed that if they sacrifice their slaves than their lives willimprove by having more rain and sun for their corn and other
harvest.
They thought that their king is God and at the moment that their lost
faith in him everything will go wrong with their lives. Maybe this is
the reason was most of the biggest towns were abandoned by the
Mayan population.
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Ruins
There were a lot Mayan cities, but unfortunately the
were all extinct . However all the people were notextinct ! Now they are only old temples left.
The Chichen Itza
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Mayan Ruins, Tulum, Mexico
pictures
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Survivors
There are a lot of Mayans, some
of them are pure Mayans, and some of them are
mixed with Spaniards and some other cultures. Sothey aren’t extinct. The Maya have a long history of
traditions and beliefs using natural sources for food,
medicine, clothing and ceremonies; today, the Maya
continue to follow tradition.
The Mayan language exists, and is spoken in someplaces.