May 4/7, 2012May 4/7, 2012

Hook ObjectiveInfographic textbook page 196 – answer on page 93 of notebook

TSW review the early Republic through Reconstruction

Homework AgendaStudy for quiz! 1.Quiz: VUS.2-5

2.Notes: Republic to Reconstruction

3.Civil War Review Activity

From the New Republic to From the New Republic to the Civil Warthe Civil WarReview # 2SOL: VUS.5e-7

New RepublicNew Republic (VUS.5e, (VUS.5e, 6a)6a)

First Political Parties were result of different ideas about economic and foreign policies during the presidencies of George Washington and John Adams

Major issues = Jay Treaty, Bank of the United States, conflict with France

First Political PartiesFirst Political Parties

Federalists Democratic-Republicans

Led by John Adams & Alexander Hamilton

Strong national Government

Commercial economy

Supported by Business in the North

Led by Thomas Jefferson & James Madison

Weak national Government

Agricultural economy

Supported by Farmers, and frontier settlers in the South

Election of 1800Election of 1800

Election of 1800: won by Thomas Jefferson ◦1st Peaceful transfer of Power between Political Parties

Key Supreme Court Key Supreme Court DecisionsDecisions:: Marbury v. Madison (Judicial Review), McCulloch v. Maryland (Implied Powers) and Gibbons v. Ogden (national view of the economy) – Chief Justice John Marshall (VA);

result: Supreme Court became an equal branch of government

War of 1812War of 1812

War of 1812War of 1812

Westward Expansion Westward Expansion (VUS.6c)(VUS.6c)Manifest Destiny – US has the

right to stretch from Atlantic to Pacific ◦Americans moved west looking for

land to farm using railroads and canals

◦Eli Whitney and the cotton gin led to “cotton kingdom” in deep South

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

Oregon

claim from Louisiana

War of 1812 Purchase

From France; Mexican explored by Cession Lewis &Clark & From Mexican Sacajawea War (1848) (1803)

TexasAnnexed

(1845)

Florida (1819) Treaty with Spain

Monroe DoctrineMonroe DoctrineMonroe

Doctrine = Europe should stay out of the Americas

Jackson’s Presidency Jackson’s Presidency (VUS.6d)(VUS.6d)Age of the Common Manmore white men can vote and

they do!New Political Parties: Federalists

disappeared, Whigs and Know-Nothings were organized

Jackson’s PresidencyJackson’s PresidencyUsed “Spoils System” – gave

government jobs to supportersNullification Crisis: South

Carolina refused to pay the Tariff of 1832 – Jackson threatened to send troops to collect it

Forced the American Indians to move west (“Trail of Tears”)

Women’s rights Women’s rights movement: movement: Seneca Falls Declaration by Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth C. Stanton

Sectional Tensions Sectional Tensions (VUS.6e)(VUS.6e)

Compromises over the Compromises over the westward expansion of westward expansion of slaveryslavery

to balance power in Congress◦ Missouri

Compromise◦ Compromise of

1850◦ Kansas-Nebraska

Act

Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise (1820) – (1820) –

drew a line through the Louisiana Purchase, North of line = Free; South of the line = Slave

Compromise of 1850 – Compromise of 1850 –

California became Free state and Utah and New Mexico territories could choose to be slave or free; included a Fugitive Slave Law (required Escaped slaves to be Returned)

Kansas-Nebraska Act of Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 – 1854 –

Kansas and Nebraska would have “popular sovereignty”; led to bloody fighting in Kansas and the development of the Republican Party to oppose the spread of slavery

Causes of the Civil War Causes of the Civil War (VUS.7a)(VUS.7a)See “Sectional Tensions” section

above! Dred Scott decision, Uncle

Tom’s Cabin, weak presidents in 1850s, Lincoln’s call for troops in 1861

Events of the Civil War Events of the Civil War (VUS.7b, c) (VUS.7b, c) Election of LElection of Lincolnincoln (1860) led to (1860) led to

secession of Ssecession of Southernouthern S Statestates; R; Robertobert E. LE. Leeee becomes C becomes Confederateonfederate general general

First shots at Ft. SFirst shots at Ft. Sumterumter; Union victory ; Union victory at Aat Antietamntietam led to E led to Emancipationmancipation PProclamationroclamation (freed slaves in (freed slaves in rrebellingebelling states; made d states; made destructionestruction of of slavery a Northern war aim); Fslavery a Northern war aim); Frederick rederick DDouglassouglass convinced Abraham Lincoln convinced Abraham Lincoln to recruit Ato recruit Africanfrican A Americansmericans into the into the UUnionnion Army Army

GGettysburgettysburg = turning point = turning point (G(Gettysburgettysburg Address) Address)

Impact of the War Impact of the War (VUS.7e)(VUS.7e)

All Americans affected by the war – ◦Women: new roles on farms, as nurses, in factories

◦Common Soldiers: brutal fighting, lonely; many wounded

◦African Americans: Free but not equal, joined Union army

End of the WarEnd of the WarLee surrendered to Union Lee surrendered to Union

general Ugeneral Ulysseslysses S. Grant at S. Grant at AAppomattoxppomattox & ended the Civil & ended the Civil WarWar

Lincoln wanted to have “mLincoln wanted to have “malicealice towards ntowards noneone” during ” during RReconstructioneconstruction, but he was , but he was aassassinatedssassinated and the R and the Radicaladical Republicans made Republicans made Reconstruction more harsh Reconstruction more harsh

Reconstruction (VUS.7d)Reconstruction (VUS.7d)Civil War Amendments:

◦13th – abolish slavery ◦14th – citizenship and equal

protection under the law◦15th – voting for African American

men

FREE CITIZENS VOTE13 14 15

End of Reconstruction – End of Reconstruction – Compromise of 1877 – followed

election of 1876; Republicans agree to end the military occupation of the South and Southern Democrats support Republicans in electoral college

Jim Crow era began – long period in which African Americans in the South were denied the full rights of American citizenship.

Results of Civil War and Results of Civil War and Reconstruction Reconstruction

Regions Leaders

North = growing Industrial Economy;

South = Devastated agricultural economy

Robert E. Lee = President of Washington College;

Ulysses S. Grant = President of the United States;

Frederick Douglass = ambassador to Haiti