May 2020 hyperloop€¦ · Not declaring undisclosed income under the PMGKY will attract a fine of...

All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced for Commercial or any other purpose without the prior permission of IES GS

www.iesgeneralstudies.com

HYPERLOOP 2021

May 2020

CONSOLIDATED MONTHLY CURRENT AFFAIRS

FOR ESE 2021

www.iesgeneralstudies.com www. adapala-academy.com

www.adapala-academy.com www.iesgeneralstudies.com

Register for ESE General Studies and GATE(Mech, Rs 500/-only) @ http://www.adapala-academy.com/

ESE General Studies (Paper1) for 2021

• Videos for all 9 subjects out of 10

• Monthly Hyperloop for the 10th subject

current affairs

• Class Notes for all the subjects (Pdfs)

• Practice Questions after every video

• Affordable cost (Only rs 5500/-

including GST)

GATE Mechanical for 2021

• All subjects will be covered for GATE exam

• Class notes will be provided

• Numerous practice questions in every

chapter

• Doubts clarification group will be created in

October month

• Fee is only rs 500/- due to COVID problem

Available Video Courses

FAQs

1. Are these online classes or prerecorded videos? Which language?

Ans: These are prerecorded videos in a simple English language

2. How many times I can watch the videos?

Ans: There is no limit, can watch the videos any number of times

3. GATE Mechanical is only rs 500/-, is it real or some fraud offer?

Ans: GATE Mechanical is a real course covering entire syllabus with all solved problems. This is an introductory offer and also because of COVID problem.

@[email protected]

Monthly Current Affairs Hyperloop May 2020

www.iesgeneralstudies.com www.adapala-academy.com

Table of Contents 1. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ISSUES ................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Social Development ............................................................................................................................................ 5 The Saras Collection on the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) portal ......................................................................................... 5 Aarogya Setu Mobile App ................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package: Progress so far .................................................................................................................. 6 New mandis from 10 States & UTs integrated with the e-NAM ..................................................................................................... 8 MISSION SAGAR ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8 CIC to begin hearing RTI Act applications from J&K, Ladakh .......................................................................................................... 8 GOAL’ programme launched for Digital Skilling of Tribal Youth ..................................................................................................... 9 Union Finance Minister announces several initiatives to boost Education Sector ........................................................................ 9 Government implements Shekatkar Committee recommendations related to creating border infrastructure ........................ 11 J&K Domicile Rules Notification .................................................................................................................................................... 11 MOHUA announces results of Star rating of garbage free cities .................................................................................................. 12 Cabinet approves extension of ‘Pradhan MantriVayaVandanaYojana’ ....................................................................................... 13 Government promoting Beekeeping ............................................................................................................................................. 13 Researchers find a new possibility to improve rice productivity .................................................................................................. 14 Instant PAN through Aadhaar ........................................................................................................................................................ 15 Inclusion of 23 additional Minor Forest produce items in Minimum Support Price List ............................................................. 15 How Our Courses are Different ? .................................................................................................................................................... 17

1.2 Economic Development ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Monetisation - A Game Changer or A Catastrophe? ..................................................................................................................... 18 Sovereign gold bond ....................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Consumer Price Index Numbers ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan to support Indian economy in fight against COVID-19 .............................................................. 20 Index Numbers of Wholesale Price in India (Base: 2011-12=100) for April, 2020 ........................................................................ 22 4th Tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan ............................................................................................................................... 23 Structural reforms across Eight Sectors paving way for Aatma Nirbhar Bharat .......................................................................... 27 Partial Credit Guarantee Scheme (PCGS) ....................................................................................................................................... 31

1.3 Industrial Development ..................................................................................................................................... 32 NDMA(MHA) issues guideline on restarting manufacturing industries after the lockdown period ............................................ 32 400 crore Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme ........................................................................................................................ 32 Indian Railways operationalises its most powerful 12000 HP made in India locomotive ........................................................... 33 Cabinet approves "Scheme for Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (FME)" ..................................................... 34 100 % solarisation of Konark sun temple & Konark town ............................................................................................................. 36 Local to Global: Khadi Masks to Hit Foreign Markets ................................................................................................................... 36 IASST develops electrochemical sensing platform for detecting carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds in food .................. 37 Missile Park 'Agneeprastha' to be set up at INS Kalinga ............................................................................................................... 37 Index of Eight Core Industries (Base: 2011-12=100) for March, 2020 .......................................................................................... 38

2. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................... 40 Scientists find highest ever level of microplastics on seafloor ..................................................................................................... 40 Environment ministry’s CRZ amendment ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Super cyclone, Amphan .................................................................................................................................................................. 41 States express desire to expedite early notification of the Ecologically Sensitive Area of Western Ghats. ............................... 42 Locust attacks ................................................................................................................................................................................. 42 ONGC, NTPC sign MOU to set up joint venture for renewable energy business .......................................................................... 44

3. ICT ........................................................................................................................................................... 46 IIT Bombay Professor receives Young Career Award in Nano Science & Technology 2020 for Advanced Transistor Technologies ................................................................................................................................................................................... 46 NIT Kurukshetra Implements Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP), SAMARTH .......................................................................... 46



38 new mandis integrated with eNAM .......................................................................................................................................... 47 AI-powered mobile app for mock tests for JEE Main, NEET 2020 ................................................................................................. 48 IMD Weather Services VIA UMANG Mobile App .......................................................................................................................... 50

4. OTHER TOPICS .......................................................................................................................................... 53

4.1 Safety ................................................................................................................................................................ 53 Visakhapatnam Gas Leak Incident ................................................................................................................................................. 53

4.2 General Knowledge ............................................................................................................................................ 54 National Technology Day ............................................................................................................................................................... 54 Ministry of MSME Launches CHAMPIONS Portal .......................................................................................................................... 54 International Nurses Day ............................................................................................................................................................... 55 National Gallery of Modern Art will organise virtual tour to commemorate the 115th Birth Anniversary of Ramkinkar Baij .. 55 CIPET renamed as Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering &Technology ...................................................................... 56

4.3 Material Science ................................................................................................................................................ 56 DST INSPIRE Faculty develops nanomaterials having energy storage application & optical sensors for water pollution control ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 56 JNCASR scientists fabricate energy-efficient photodetector for security application ................................................................. 56 DST develops lightweight carbon foam that can replace lead batteries ...................................................................................... 57 ARCI scientists develop next-generation biodegradable metal implants ..................................................................................... 57



1. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ISSUES

1.1 Social Development

The Saras Collection on the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) portal

The Union Minister for Rural Development and Panchayati Raj and Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, launched “The Saras Collection” on the Government e Marketplace (GeM) portal at Krishi Bhavan in New Delhi. ● The Saras Collection showcases daily utility products made by rural self-help groups (SHGs). ● The Saras Collection is an initiative of GeM and the Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods

Mission (DAY-NRLM) Aim: ● To provide SHGs in rural areas with market access to Central and State Government buyers. ● The SHG sellers will be able to list their products in 5 product categories, namely

○ Handicrafts, ○ Handloom and textiles, ○ Office accessories, ○ Grocery and pantry, and ○ Personal care and hygiene.

SHGs ● The SHGs are a perfect example of how livelihoods of households can transform through a collective

approach, managed in line with core democratic and financial principles. ● The SHG has contributed to several community level activities for the common good. ● These include awareness promotion for constructing household toilets using SBM funds, environmental

sanitation, liquid waste management and support for maintenance of village commons. Benefits to SHGs by The Saras Collection: ● SHGs will be provided with direct access to Government buyers through Saras Collection which will eliminate

the need of intermediaries in the supply chain, thus ensuring better prices for SHGs and spurring employment opportunities at the local level.

About GeM: ● Government e Marketplace (GeM) is a 100 percent Government owned Section 8 Company set up as the

National Public Procurement Portal for procurement of goods and services required by Central and State Government organizations.

● GeM provides an online, end to end solution for procurement of goods and services for all Central Government and State Government Ministries, Departments, Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs), local bodies and autonomous organisations.

● The platform reduces human interventions in procurement and enables transparency, cost savings, inclusiveness and efficiency of faceless standardized public procurement

About DAY-NRLM:



● DAY-NLRM aims to reduce poverty through promotion of diversified and gainful self-employment while creating skilled wage employment opportunities.

● The scheme supports building social capital and ensuring financial linkages to alleviate poverty and enhance the quality of the life of rural poor women.

● It has ambitious plans on innovations for alternate channels of financial inclusion like digital finance, creating value chains around rural products and improving market access, rural enterprise and strengthening community institutions.

Aarogya Setu Mobile App

The Union Government has earlier launched an application called Aarogya Setu. Aarogya Setu Mobile App ● Aarogya Setu Mobile App is developed by the Ministry of Electronics and IT. ● It enables people to assess themselves the risk of Corona Virus infection. ● It will calculate this based on their interaction with others, using cutting edge Bluetooth technology,

algorithms and artificial intelligence. ● All the citizens are urged to download the mobile application. This is designed to keep a user informed, in

case she/he cross paths with someone who has tested positive. ● The user, upon installation of Aarogya Setu, is asked to answer a number of questions. In case some of the

answers suggest COVID-19 symptoms, the information will be sent to a Government server. ● The data will then help the Government take timely steps and initiate the isolation procedure if necessary

and it also alerts if someone comes in close proximity with a person tested positive. ● The app is available on both Google Play (for Android phones) and iOS app store (for iphones). It is available

in 11 languages-10 Indian languages and English. Aarogya Setu IVRS service:

“Aarogya Setu Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS)” has been implemented. ● This is a toll-free service, where citizens are asked to give a missed call to the number 1921 and they will get

a call back requesting for inputs regarding their health. ● The questions asked are aligned with Aarogya Setu App, and based on the responses given, citizens will also

get an SMS indicating their health status and also will get further alerts for their health moving forward. ● The input provided by the citizen will be made part of Aarogya Setu database and information is processed

to send alerts to the citizen on the action to be taken to ensure their safety.

Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package: Progress so far

Using the digital payment infrastructure, around 39 crore poor people received financial assistance of Rs 34,800 crore under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKP) on May,2020, announced by Union Finance Minister on March,2020 to protect them from the impact of the lockdown due to COVID 19. ● The Government announced free food grains and cash payment to women and poor senior citizens and

farmers under the scheme. ● The swift implementation of the package is continuously monitored by Central and State governments.



● Central/State governments ensure that the relief measures reach the needy swiftly and in line with the intent of the lockdown.

● Fintech and digital technology have been employed for efficient transfer to the beneficiary. ● Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) ensures that the amount is directly credited into the account of the beneficiary,

eliminates leakage, and improves efficiency. ● It has also ensured credit to the beneficiary's account without the need for the beneficiary to physically go

to the branch.

Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana

● It is an amnesty scheme launched by the Government of India in December 2016 on the lines of the Income declaration scheme, 2016 (IDS) launched earlier in the year.

● A part of the Taxation Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 2016, the scheme provides an opportunity to declare unaccounted wealth and black money in a confidential manner and avoid prosecution after paying a fine of 50% on the undisclosed income.

● An additional 25% of the undisclosed income is invested in the scheme which can be refunded after four years, without any interest.

● The scheme can only be availed to declare income in the form of cash or bank deposits in Indian bank accounts and not in the form of jewellery, stock, immovable property, or deposits in overseas accounts.

● Not declaring undisclosed income under the PMGKY will attract a fine of 77.25% if the income is shown in tax returns.

● In case the income is not shown in tax returns, it will attract a further 10% penalty followed by prosecution.

Foodgrain (Rice/Wheat) Under the PMGKAY, for next 3 months a total of 104.4 LMT rice and 15.6 LMT wheat is required of which 69.65 LMT rice and 10.1 LMT wheat have been lifted by various States and UTs. A total of 79.75 LMT has been lifted. ● The Government of India is bearing 100% financial burden of approximately Rs. 46,000 crores under this

scheme. ● Wheat has been allocated to 6 States/UTs, - Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Chandigarh, Delhi and Gujarat and

rice has been provided to the remaining States/UTs. Pulses As regards Pulses, the total requirement for the next three months is 5.87 LMT. So far, 3.15 LMT pulses have been dispatched while 2.26LMT Pulses have reached the States/UTs and 71,738 MT has been delivered. Essential Commodities Act (EC Act) The Department of Consumer Affairs has notified face masks and sanitizers under the Essential Commodities Act in view of their increased demand due to COVID-19. ● Prices of masks, sanitizers and ingredients used in their manufacturing have also been capped. ● States have been given guidelines to ensure there is no obstruction in supply-chain management due to

lockdown and check prices of all essential items. ● The Centre has delegated all powers to the State Governments to take decisions under the EC Act. End-to-End Computerization



Total 90% FPS automation has been done through e-PoS,while in total 20 states/UTs, it has been done100%. ● Aadhar seeding of 90% ration cards havebeen achieved, while in 11 states/UTs, it has been done 100% .

New mandis from 10 States & UTs integrated with the e-NAM

The Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, launched integration of 177 new mandis with the National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) to strengthen agriculture marketing and facilitate farmers to sell their harvested produce through the online portal. ● eNAM platform has benefitted more than 1.25 lakh farmers and digital payment worth Rs. 708 crore has

been done via the online platform. About e-NAM: ● National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal which networks the existing

APMC mandis to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities. ● Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) is the lead agency for implementing eNAM under the aegis

of Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Government of India. ● Vision- To promote uniformity in agriculture marketing by streamlining of procedures across the integrated

markets, removing information asymmetry between buyers and sellers and promoting real time price discovery based on actual demand and supply.

● Mission- Integration of APMCs across the country through a common online market platform to facilitate pan-India trade in agriculture commodities, providing better price discovery through transparent auction process based on quality of produce along with timely online payment.

MISSION SAGAR

Indian Naval Ship Kesari has departed for Maldives, Mauritius, Seychelles, Madagascar and Comoros, to provide Food Items, COVID related Medicines including HCQ Tablets and Special Ayurvedic Medicines with Medical Assistance Teams embarked, on May 2020. ● This deployment as ‘Mission Sagar’, is in line with India’s role as the first responder in the region and builds

on the excellent relations existing between these countries to battle the COVID-19 pandemic and its resultant difficulties.

● The deployment is in consonance with the Prime Ministers vision of Security and Growth for All in the Region ‘SAGAR’ and highlights the importance accorded by India to relations with her neighbouring countries and further strengthens the existing bond.

● The operation is being progressed in close coordination with the Ministries of Defence and External Affairs, and other agencies of the Government of India.

● As part of Mission Sagar, Indian Naval Ship Kesari would enter the Port of Male in Republic of Maldives, to provide them 600 tons of food provisions. India and Maldives are close maritime neighbours with strong and extremely cordial defence and diplomatic relations.

CIC to begin hearing RTI Act applications from J&K, Ladakh

The Central Information Commission (CIC) would start hearing Right to Information (RTI) Act applications of applicants from the UTs of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.



● Applicants from Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh can file RTI applications from home and no one has to travel outside even for appeals to the CIC.

● Applicants from both the UTs can file first appeal before the Officers designated by them and can avail the facility of hearing from home for 2nd appeal before the CIC.

● The applicants can file RTI anytime through the online mechanism. ● At present, all information commissioners are hearing cases and CIC headquarters are functioning with 33

per cent official staff. ● Senior Information Commissioners are hearing cases from the office over video conferencing. What is RTI Act? ● Right to Information (RTI) Act 2005 provides timely response to the citizens on their requests for government

information. ● The major objective of the RTI Act is to promote transparency, empower the citizens and accountability in

the working condition of the Government. ● An RTI can be written on a simple paper addressing Public Information Officer of the concerned department

along with postal order of Rs. 20. Benefits of RTI Act: ● Make the government responsive. ● Supports participatory development. ● Proven anti-corruption tool. ● Make citizens part of decision making. GOAL’ programme launched for Digital Skilling of Tribal Youth

GOAL (Going Online As Leaders) programme has been launched by the Union Minister for Tribal Affairs for Digital Skilling of Tribal Youth. ● The Going Online As Leaders (GOAL) is a joint initiative of Facebook India with Ministry of Tribal affairs. ● The GOAL programme aims to offer mentorship to tribal youth via digital mode and intends to act as a

catalyst to explore hidden talents of the tribal youth. ● This will led to the personal development of the tribal youth and will also add to all-round upliftment of their

society. ● The program has a target to empower 5,000 tribal youths in the present phase in order to harness the full

potential of digital platforms as well as tools to understand new ways of doing business, explore and connect with domestic and international markets.

● There will be 1 mentor for 2 mentees in the programme which aims to enable the Scheduled Tribe (ST) youth in remote areas to utilize digital platforms for sharing their dreams and talent with their mentors.

Union Finance Minister announces several initiatives to boost Education Sector

Union Finance & Corporate Affairs Minister has announced several initiatives to boost the education sector in New Delhi to boost the access and equity in education and improve the gross enrolment ratio in the coming years.



The initiatives show up new challenges & several opportunities for the education system in the country due to COVID-19 pandemic. Immediate set of initiatives in this direction includes: ❖ A comprehensive initiative called PM e-VIDYA will be launched which will combine all efforts related to

digital / online /on-air education, which will enable multi-mode access to education, and includes: ● DIKSHA(one nation-one digital platform) will become the nation’s digital infrastructure to provide quality

e-content in school education for all the states/UTs ● TV(one class-one channel) where one dedicated channel per grade for each of the classes 1 to 12 will

provide access to quality educational material- Study Webs of Active–Learning for Young Aspiring Minds(SWAYAM) online courses in Massive Open Online Course(MOOCS) format for school and higher education

● Indian Institute of Technology Professor Assisted Learning(IITPAL) for IIT Joint Entrance Examination (JEE)/ National Eligibility cum Entrance Test exam(NEET) preparation

● Air through Community radio and CBSE Shiksha Vani podcast; study material for the differently-abled developed on Digitally Accessible Information System (DAISY) and in sign language on NIOS website/ YouTube.

● It Will benefit nearly 25 crore school going children across the country.

❖ Manodarpan initiative is launched to provide such support through a website, a toll-free helpline, national directory of counselors and interactive chat platform among others so as to provide psychosocial support to students, teachers and families for mental health and emotional wellbeing. ● It Will benefit all school going children in the country, along with their parents, teachers and the

community of stakeholders in school education. ❖ Government expands e-learning in higher education by liberalizing open, distance and online education

regulatory framework. Top 100 universities will start online courses & online components in conventional Universities and Open and Distance Learning (ODL) programmes will also be raised from 20% to 40%. ● It Will provide enhanced learning opportunities to nearly 7 crore students across different colleges and

Universities. ❖ Has been decided to prepare a new National Curriculum and Pedagogical Framework for school education,

teacher education and early childhood stage to prepare students and future teachers as per global benchmarks as there is a need to promote critical thinking, creative and communication skills, along with experiential and joyful learning for the students focusing on learning outcomes. ● The curriculum must be rooted in the Indian ethos and integrated with global skill requirements.

❖ A national foundational literacy and numeracy mission will be launched to ensure that every child in the country attains foundational literacy and numeracy in Grade 5 by 2025. ● For this, teacher capacity building, a strong curricular framework, engaging learning material – both

online and offline, learning outcomes and their measurement indices, assessment techniques, tracking of learning progress, etc. will be designed to take it forward in a systematic fashion.

● This initiative will cover the learning needs of nearly 4 crore children in the age group of 3 to 11 years.



Government implements Shekatkar Committee recommendations related to creating border infrastructure

Government has decided to implement three important recommendations of the Shekatkar Committee of Experts (CoE). ● The recommendations are related to border Infrastructure like speeding up road construction, leading to

socio-economic development in the border areas. ● GoI has implemented the recommendation of CoE to outsource road construction work beyond the optimal

capacity of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO). ● As per the recommendation, Centre has made it mandatory to adopt Engineering Procurement Contract

(EPC) mode for execution of all works costing more than Rs.100 crore. ● GoI has decided to introduce modern construction equipment, plants, and machinery that have been

implemented by delegating enhanced procurement powers from Rs.7.5 crore to Rs.100 crore to BRO, for domestic and foreign procurements.

● BRO has been directed to use new technology like blasting technology for precision blasting, use of Geo-Textiles for soil stabilization, the cementitious base for pavements, plastic-coated aggregates for surfacing, to enhance the pace of construction.

● It has also approved the land acquisition and all statutory clearances like forest and environmental clearance which are part of the approval of the Detailed Project Report (DPR).

J&K Domicile Rules Notification

The Jammu & Kashmir government issued a notification specifying the conditions for obtaining domicile certificates necessary for applying for government jobs and other privileges in the Union Territory. ● The domicile rules notified now replace the erstwhile J&K permanent resident rules that stood abrogated

along with the abrogation of Articles 370 and 35A. ● The notification has been issued in exercise of powers confirmed by Article 309 of the Constitution of India

read with section 15 of the Jammu & Kashmir Civil Services (Decentralisation and Recruitment) Act, 2010. The details of the notification ● According to the new rules, all those holding the permanent resident certificates of the J&K state are eligible

to get the domicile certificates from the designated authority which in all cases are tehsildars of different areas in J&K or other officials those may be notified by the government.

● Those in possession of the permanent resident certificates do not need any other document to get the domicile certificate.

● A person who has resided in the Union Territory for 15 years or studied in Jammu & Kashmir for seven years and has appeared in class 10th/12th examination in an educational institution located in Jammu & Kashmir.

● Or who is registered as a migrant by the relief and rehabilitation commissioner (Migrants) in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir as per the procedure prescribed by the government for migrants and displaced persons.

● Or who is a child of a central government official, all India services officers, officials of public sector undertakings and autonomous body of central government, public sector banks, officials of statutory bodies, officials of central universities and recognised research institutes of the central government who have served in the UT of Jammu & Kashmir for a total period of 10 years are eligible to get domicile certificates.



● Child of parents who are resident outside the UT of Jammu & Kashmir in connection with their employment or business or other professional or vocational reasons but who fulfil any of the conditions described in clauses (a) or (b) of the notification is also eligible for domicile certificates.

● To make the entire process transparent the designated authority will have to issue the certificate within 15 days of receiving the application.

● There is also an appellate authority that will dispose of appeals against the decision of the designated authority within a period of seven days.

MOHUA announces results of Star rating of garbage free cities

The Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs (MoHUA) announced results of the Star rating of garbage-free cities for the assessment year 2019-2020. ● A total of six cities have been certified as 5-Star, 65 cities as 3-Star, and 70 cities as 1-Star. ● The results were announced by the Minister of State (I/C) for Housing and Urban Affairs. ● The revised protocol for the Star Rating Framework was also launched. ● The Star Rating Protocol was launched by MoHUA in January 2018. ● The aim is to institutionalize a mechanism for cities to achieve Garbage Free status and motivate cities to

achieve higher degrees of cleanliness. ● The 6 5-star rated cities are Ambikapur, Rajkot, Surat, Mysuru, Indore, and Navi Mumbai. ● The rating acknowledges the clean status of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and strengthened Solid Waste

Management (SWM) systems. ● The performance of the cities under the Star Rating Protocol is crucial as it carries significant weightage

when it comes to their final assessment in Swachh Survekshan. ● The 5-star rating protocol has been devised to include components such as the cleanliness of drains & water

bodies, plastic waste management, managing construction & demolition waste, etc. ● Over 1435 cities applied for the Star Rating Assessment. ● It was based on 1.19 crore citizen feedback and over 10 lakh geo-tagged pictures were collected and 5175

solid waste processing plants were visited by 1210 field assessors. ● A total of 141 cities have been certified with Star Rating during field assessment. ● The low number of certifications signifies the rigorous and robust certification mechanism of the protocol. Swachh Bharat Mission: Swachh Bharat Mission is a campaign in India that aims to clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure of India’s cities, smaller towns, and rural areas. Objectives: The main objectives of the SBM are as under: ● Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in cities, smaller towns and rural areas, by

promoting cleanliness, hygiene and eliminating open defecation. ● Accelerate sanitation coverage in cities, smaller towns and rural areas to achieve the vision of Swachh Bharat

by 2nd October 2019. ● Motivate Communities, urban local bodies (municipalities) and Panchayati Raj Institutions to adopt

sustainable sanitation practices and facilities through awareness creation and health education. ● Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation.



● Develop wherever required, Community managed sanitation systems focusing on scientific Solid & Liquid Waste Management systems for overall cleanliness in cities, smaller towns and rural areas.

Benefits: If “Swachh Bharat mission” becomes reality ● We can improve health of Indians. ● We can enhance our tourism. ● We can prevent many diseases. ● We can attract global players to invest in India. ● We build eco-friendly environment. ● We can reduce cost of maintenance. Cabinet approves extension of ‘Pradhan MantriVayaVandanaYojana’

The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister has given its approval to the following for the welfare of and to enable old age income security for Senior Citizens: ● Extension of Pradhan MantriVayaVandanaYojana (PMVVY) up to 31st March, 2023 for a further period of

three years beyond 31st March, 2020. ● To allow initially an assured rate of return of 7.40 % per annum for the year 2020-21 per annum and

thereafter to be reset every year. ● Annual reset of assured rate of interest with effect from April 1st of financial year in line with revised rate

of returns of Senior Citizens Saving Scheme (SCSS) upto a ceiling of 7.75% with fresh appraisal of the scheme on breach of this threshold at any point.

● Approval for expenditure to be incurred on account of the difference between the market rate of return generated by LIC (net of expenses) and the guaranteed rate of return under the scheme.

● Capping Management expenses at 0.5% p.a. of funds of the scheme for first year of scheme in respect of new policies issued and thereafter 0.3% p.a. for second year onwards for the next 9 years.

● Delegating the authority to Finance Minister to approve annual reset rate of return at the beginning of every financial year.

Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY) Government has launched the ‘Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY) Highlights: ● To provide social security during old age and to protect elderly persons aged 60 years and above against a

future fall in their interest income due to uncertain market conditions. ● The scheme enables old age income security for senior citizens through provision of assured pension/return

linked to the subscription amount based on government guarantee to Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC).

● The scheme provides an assured return of 8% per annum for 10 years. ● PMVVY is a social security scheme for senior citizens intended to give an assured minimum pension to them

based on an assured return on the purchase price / subscription amount. Government promoting Beekeeping

The Government is promoting Beekeeping as part of its aim to double farmers’ income. ● The Government has allocated Rs.500 crore towards Beekeeping under the Atma Nirbhar Abhiyan.



● India is among the world’s top five honey producers. ● Compared to 2005-06 honey production has risen by 242% and exports shot by 265%. ● As evident by the rising honey exports, beekeeping will be an important factor in achieving the goal of

doubling farmers’ income by 2024. ● National Bee Board has created four modules to impart training as part of the National Beekeeping and

Honey Mission (NBHM) and 30 lakh farmers have been trained in beekeeping. They are also being financially supported by the Government.

● The Government has launched ‘Honey Mission’ as part of ‘Sweet Revolution’ which has four components. ● Even small and marginal farmers can adopt beekeeping since investment is low and returns high. Issues faced beekeepers : ● Promotion of scientific beekeeping, ● Quality assurance, ● Minimum support price, ● Transport of bee colonies, ● Processing, packaging, branding, testing, ● Organic certification of honey and ● Different beehive products were discussed. Successful beekeepers and entrepreneurs from Kashmir, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh shared their experiences and suggested ways forward to bring about the Sweet Revolution. The objective ● To popularize scientific beekeeping as a source of livelihood for landless rural poor, small and marginal

farmers to supplement agricultural income, as also as a tool to enhance agriculture and horticulture production.

● It attracted participation of beekeepers, honey processors, marketing and branding professionals, research scholars, academicians, cooperators from major honey producing states, representatives of State and Union Governments, international organizations such as FAO and NEDAC, Bangkok.

Researchers find a new possibility to improve rice productivity

Rice, being main staple foods across the world, suffers from a problem of low productivity. ● To meet the demand of the growing population of India and the world, the production of rice needs to

increase significantly by about 50% of current productivity. ● Researchers have identified a region in the genome of a rice, which seems to have the potential for

improving productivity. The study was conducted jointly by the Department of Biotechnology’s National Institute of Plant Genome Research (DBT-NIPGR), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack and University of Delhi South Campus (UDSC).

● The study included sequencing the genomes of four Indian genotypes namely LGR, PB 1121, Sonasal, and Bindli.

● The study showed contrasting phenotypes in seed size/weight. The results revealed that the Indian rice germplasms had much more genomic diversity than the estimated so far.



● They identified one long (~6 Mb) genomic region, which had an unusually suppressed nucleotide diversity region across the centromere of chromosome 5. They named it a `"low diversity region" or LDR in short.

● The region revealed that it had played an important role during the domestication of rice varieties as it was present in most of the cultivated rice genotypes and absent in wild varieties.

● It was observed that LDR had played an important role during the domestication of rice varieties as it was present in most of the cultivated rice genotypes and absent in wild varieties.

Instant PAN through Aadhaar

Union Minister for Finance & Corporate Affairs formally launched the facility for instant allotment of PAN (on near to real time basis). ● This facility is now available for those PAN applicants who possess a valid Aadhaar number and have a mobile

number registered with Aadhaar. ● The allotment process is paperless and an electronic PAN (e-PAN) is issued to the applicants free of cost. ● This launch has been made on the lines of the para 129 of the FY20-21 Budget stating a simplified allotment

process of PAN. ● Its ‘Beta version’ on trial basis was started on Feb 2020 on the e-filing website of Income Tax Department.

How to apply for e-PAN ● The process of applying for instant PAN is very simple. ● The instant PAN applicant is required to access the e-filing website of the Income Tax Department to provide

her/his valid Aadhaar number and then submit the OTP received on her/his Aadhaar registered mobile number.

● On successful completion of this process, a 15-digit acknowledgment number is generated. ● If required, the applicant can check the status of the request anytime by providing her/his valid Aadhaar

number and on successful allotment, can download the e-PAN. ● The e-PAN is also sent to the applicant on her/his email id, if it is registered with Aadhaar. ● The launch of the Instant PAN facility is yet another step by the Income Tax Department towards Digital

India, thereby creating further ease of compliance to the taxpayers.

Inclusion of 23 additional Minor Forest produce items in Minimum Support Price List

Ministry of Tribal Affairs has announced Inclusion of 23 additional Minor Forest Produce (MFP) items and stipulation of their Minimum Support Price (MSP) under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme titled "Mechanism for Marketing of Minor Forest Produce (MFP) through Minimum Support Price (MSP) and development of value chain of MFP. ● This decision enhancing the coverage from 50 to 73 items comes in view of the exceptional and very difficult

circumstances currently prevailing in the country on account of the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the potential of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs scheme to offer the much needed support to the tribal MFP gatherers.

● 14 of the newly added items, otherwise agricultural produce, are not commercially grown in the North Eastern part of India but are found to grow in the wild in forests.

● Hence, the Ministry has favourably considered to include these specific items as MFP items for the North-East.



Further following 9 items available in forest areas across India have also been included in this notification with Minimum Support Price :

● Van Tulsi seeds (Ocimumgratissimum) ● Van Jeera (Vernonia anthelmintica) ● Tamarind Seed (Tamarindusindica) ● Bamboo Brooms (Thysanolaena maxima ● Dry Anola (Phyllnthusemblica) (Dry) ● KachriBaheda (Terminalia bellerica) ● KachriHarra (Terminalia chebula) ● Seed lac (Kerria lacca)

What is Minimum Support Price?

● Minimum support prices is a price at which Government buys the crop produce directly from farmers when there is no demand from other buyers in the market.

● It acts like a buffer to protect the farmer in case the price of the commodity produced by the farmer falls below the market price due to bumper crop which causes a glut in the market.

● The Government agencies (usually the Food Corporation of India) procures the grains from the farmers at the prices announced by the Government.

There are two objectives of the Minimum Support Price system.

● To prevent distress sale by the farmer in case of a bumper crop and market demand is low to recover the cost of production.

● To procure the grains for public distribution by fair price shops. Usually, Minimum support prices are announced by the Government at the start of the sowing season.

● The rates are announced by the Government which is decided by the cabinet committee on economic affairs (CCEA) on the basis of recommendations of Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).

● The recommendations are not binding and can be modified by the Cabinet committee. ● While recommending MSPs, CACP considers important factors like cost of production, overall demand-

supply conditions, domestic and international prices, inter-crop price parity, terms of trade between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, the likely effect on the rest of the economy, besides ensuring rational utilization of land, water and other production resources and a minimum of 50 percent as the margin over cost of production in case of MSPs and reasonable margins over cost of production in case of FRP.

Advantages of MSP

● The Minimum Support Price mechanism has been beneficial in transferring incomes to rural areas and to counter farm level inflation.

● It can also counter the agricultural distress brought on by natural hazards in the country. It gives farmers hope of earning more in the new sowing season.



● In the last few years, India has become a net importer of pulses. Massive hike in the MSP of these crops will encourage the farmers to grow nutritional crops. It will help in changing the cropping pattern which was long due.

● A higher Minimum support price regime will also help in achieving the Government s target of doubling farmer s income by 2022.

● It also acts as an incentive for farmers to produce the crop which is in short supply. ● Higher profits for the farmer will also help them to invest in necessary infrastructure and equipment.

How Our Courses are Different ?

• Simplified concepts with practical examples and tricks

• Practice Quiz after every video to test the learned concept

• Query resolution is with in 24 hours on any day

• Mentors are alumni of IISc and IIT's

• No restriction of number of plays of the videos

• Theory notes provided for all video lectures

• Very affordable price with best quality

www.adapala-academy.com @ [email protected]



1.2 Economic Development Monetisation - A Game Changer or A Catastrophe? Monetisation is neither a game changer nor a catastrophe in abnormal times, ● It helps a little at the margin, but does not solve the government’s fiscal problems nor does it lead to runaway

inflation. The implications of direct financing of the government by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI): ● Direct RBI financing is sometimes loosely termed money printing and thought to be free. This is misleading. ● The government finances itself from the RBI, and the RBI finances itself from the banks at the reverse repo

rate of 3.75%. ● Instead of the banks holding government bonds paying 6% or so, they hold claims against the RBI paying

3.75%. ● In abnormal times, the government gains by placing the paper quickly with the RBI, and the banks have no

choice but to hold the excess reserves at a below-market rate. ● The only way out for an individual bank would be to make more loans or buy more government bonds. ● This may be reluctant to do because of the additional risks involved. ● Such direct financing is not inflationary perse, so long as banks are reluctant to lend further to business or

consumers. ● The central bank will have to pay a higher rate on excess reserves, or sell its government bond holdings and

extinguish excess reserves, else it will risk excessive credit expansion and inflation. ● This process of extinguishing excess reserves is manageable. ● Not only is the RBI paying 3.75% for the money it on lends to the government (which will reduce the annual

dividend the RBI pays the government commensurately), the banks get 3.75% instead of the 6% they could get by buying the government bonds directly.

● The government owns 70% of the banking sector, its dividends from public sector banks also fall commensurately. Essentially, the small amount of government saving in its financing comes from the costs borne by the private banks. Their lower profitability will affect their capital and their lending over time.

● The way government spending is financed (either directly by banks or directly by the RBI) should not alter its inflationary consequences, the larger government spending will directly ignite demand.

● If the fiscal deficit and the growth in government debt is deemed unsustainable, investors and rating agencies will take fright.

● The consolidated liabilities of the government and the central bank have to be seen as sustainable, else confidence in both money and government debt will collapse.

● Monetization will neither be a game-changer nor a catastrophe, if done in a measured way. In fact, India is already doing it!

Sovereign gold bond

The government announced the second tranche of gold bonds of this fiscal year (2020-21). Highlights: Here are things to know about the latest Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme 2020-21 Series II:



● In April the government had also issued the Series 1 tranche of gold bonds and the latest one comes at a time when gold is attracting strong investment demand.

● The issue price of sovereign gold bonds is fixed based on the recent closing price of gold as published by the India Bullion and Jewellers Association Ltd for gold of 999 purity.

● The minimum permissible investment in gold bonds is one gram of gold and they have a maturity period of eight years.

● Investors will have the option to exit after the fifth year. Bonds are also traded on stock exchanges, offering buy or sell options to investors, subject to liquidity.

● Gold bonds offer an annual interest rate of 2.50% to investors. ● Capital gains, if any, at maturity is tax-free. This is an exclusive benefit available on gold bonds. Physical gold

or other forms of investments like gold ETF or gold mutual funds don't qualify for this benefit. ● The RBI had earlier released the timeline of issuances of gold bonds for the first six months of the year. About the Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme: ● The sovereign gold bond was introduced by the Government in 2015. ● The Government introduced these bonds to help reduce India’s over dependence on gold imports. ● Bonds can be used as collateral for loans. How does the Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme operate? ● Under the Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme, the Reserve Bank of India will issue the bonds on behalf of the

Government of India. ● The bonds will be sold at post offices and banks and issued in denomination of gram. ● They will issue these bonds on payment of money. Later on, the bonds will be connected to the price of gold. ● Investors have to pay the bond price in cash. From one person, the Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme would

accept a minimum investment of 2 gm gold and a maximum investment of 500 gm in a single fiscal year. ● The bonds will pay a yearly interest of 2.75% to investors. Interest would be paid semi-annually based on

the initial value of investments issue for the year 2015-16. Who can avail these bonds? ● Indian resident – This scheme is open only to Indian residents. ● Individuals/groups – Individuals, associations, trusts, HUFs, etc. are all eligible to invest in this scheme.

Minors – This bond can be purchased by guardians or parents on behalf of minors. Consumer Price Index Numbers

The Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has revised the Base Year of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) from 2010=100 to 2012=100 with effect from the release of indices for the month of January 2015. What is the Consumer Price Index - CPI? The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food and medical care. It is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket of goods and averaging them. How CPI is used?



● CPI is widely used as an economic indicator. It is the most widely used measure of inflation and, by proxy, of the effectiveness of the government’s economic policy.

● The CPI gives the government, businesses and citizens an idea about prices changes in the economy, and can act as a guide in order to make informed decisions about the economy.

● The CPI and the components that make it up can also be used as a deflator for other economic factors, including retail sales, hourly/weekly earnings and the value of a consumer’s dollar to find its purchasing power.

● The index can also be used to adjust people’s eligibility levels for certain types of government assistance including Social Security and it automatically provides the cost-of-living wage adjustments to domestic worker.

What are the types of CPI? 1. CPI for Industrial Workers released monthly by Labour Bureau of the Labour Ministry. 2. CPI for Agricultural Labourers/Rural Labourers released monthly by the Labour Bureau of the Labour

Ministry. 3. CPI (Rural/Urban/Combined) is compiled and released by Central Statistics Office (CSO) of the Statistics

Ministry. Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan to support Indian economy in fight against COVID-19

Prime Minister’s Vision ● Call for Atmanirbhar Bharat or Self-Reliant India Movement ● Five pillars of Atmanirbhar Bharat – Economy, Infrastructure, System, Vibrant Demography and Demand ● Special economic and comprehensive package of Rs 20 lakh crores – equivalent to 10% of India’s GDP ● Package to cater to various sections including cottage industry, MSMEs, labourers, middle class, industries,

among others. ● Bold reforms across sectors will drive the country’s push towards self-reliance ● It is time to become vocal for our local products and make them global. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package Rs. 1.70 Lakh Crore relief package under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana for the poor to help them fight the battle against Corona Virus: ● Insurance cover of Rs 50 Lakh per health worker ● 80 crore poor people given benefit of 5 kg wheat or rice per person for next 3 months ● 1 kg pulses for each household for free every month for the next 3 months ● 20 crore women Jan Dhan account holders get Rs 500 per month for next 3 months ● Gas cylinders, free of cost, provided to 8 crore poor families for the next 3 months ● Increase in MNREGA wage to Rs 202 a day from Rs 182 to benefit 13.62 crore families ● Ex-gratia of Rs 1,000 to 3 crore poor senior citizen, poor widows and poor Divyang ● Front-loaded Rs 2,000 paid to farmers under existing PM-KISAN to benefit 8.7 crore farmers ● Building and Construction Workers Welfare Fund allowed to be used to provide relief to workers ● 24% of monthly wages to be credited into their PF accounts for next three months for wage-earners below

Rs 15,000 p.m. in businesses having less than 100 workers



● Five crore workers registered under Employee Provident Fund EPF to get non-refundable advance of 75% of the amount or three months of the wages, whichever is lower, from their accounts

● Limit of collateral free lending to be increased from Rs 10 to Rs 20 lakhs for Women Self Help Groups supporting 6.85 crore households.

● District Mineral Fund (DMF) to be used for supplementing and augmenting facilities of medical testing, screening etc..

Other Measures ● On the request of the Government of India, RBI raised the Ways and Means advance limits of States by 60%

and enhanced the Overdraft duration limits. ● Issued all the pending income-tax refunds up to ₹5 lakh, immediately benefiting around 14 lakh taxpayers ● Implemented “Special Refund and Drawback Disposal Drive” for all pending refund and drawback claims ● Both the above measures amount to ₹18,000 crore of refund. ● Sanctioned Rs 15,000 crores for Emergency Health Response Package ● Provided Relaxation in Statutory and Compliance matters, such as –

○ Extending last date for Income Tax Returns to June 30, 2020 ○ Extending filing GST returns to end of June 2020 ○ 24*7 custom clearance till 30th June, 2020 ○ Relaxation for 3 months for debit cardholders to withdraw cash free from any ATMs, etc ○ Allowing payment before 15 May, 2020 for Motor Vehicle and Health Insurance Policies ○ Mandatory Board meetings extended by 60 days till 30 September ○ Allowing Extraordinary General Meetings through Video Conference with e-voting/simplified voting

facility Measures taken by Reserve Bank of India ● Reduction of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) has resulted in liquidity enhancement of ₹1,37,000 crores ● Targeted Long Term Repo Operations (TLTROs) of ₹1,00,050 crore for fresh deployment in investment grade

corporate bonds, commercial paper, and non-convertible debentures. ● TLTRO of Rs.50,000 crore for investing them in investment grade bonds, commercial paper, and non-

convertible debentures of NBFCs, and MFIs. ● Increased the banks’ limit for borrowing overnight under the marginal standing facility (MSF), allowing the

banking system to avail an additional ₹1,37,000 crore of liquidity at the reduced MSF rate. ● Announced special refinance facilities to NABARD, SIDBI and the NHB for a total amount of ₹50,000 crore at

the policy repo rate ● Announced the opening of a special liquidity facility (SLF) of ₹50,000 crore for mutual funds to alleviate

intensified liquidity pressures. ● Moratorium of three months on payment of instalments and payment of Interest on Working Capital

Facilities in respect of all Term Loans ● Easing of Working Capital Financing by reducing margins



● For loans by NBFCs to commercial real estate sector, additional time of one year has been given for extension of the date for commencement for commercial operations (DCCO)

New Definition of MSMEs ● Low threshold in MSME definition have created a fear among MSMEs of graduating out of the benefits

and hence killing the urge to grow. ● There has been a long-pending demand for revisions.

Announcement: ● Definition of MSMEs will be revised ● Investment limit will be revised upwards ● Additional criteria of turnover also being introduced. ● Distinction between manufacturing and service sector to be eliminated. ● Necessary amendments to law will be brought about.

Relief to Contractors ● Extension of up to 6 months (without costs to contractor) to be provided by all Central Agencies (like

Railways, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Central Public Works Dept, etc) ○ Covers construction/ works and goods and services contracts ○ Covers obligations like completion of work, intermediate milestones etc. and extension of

Concession period in PPP contracts ● Government agencies to partially release bank guarantees, to the extent contracts are partially

completed, to ease cash flows Other Direct Tax Measures

● All pending refunds to charitable trusts and non-corporate businesses & professions including proprietorship, partnership, LLP and Co-operatives shall be issued immediately.

● Due date of all income-tax return for FY 2019-20 will be extended from 31st July, 2020 & 31st October, 2020 to 30th November, 2020 and Tax audit from 30th September, 2020 to 31st October,2020.

● Date of assessments getting barred on 30th September,2020 extended to 31st December, 2020 and those getting barred on 31 st March,2021 will be extended to 30th September, 2021.

● Period of Vivad se Vishwas Scheme for making payment without additional amount will be extended to 31st December, 2020.

Index Numbers of Wholesale Price in India (Base: 2011-12=100) for April, 2020

The Office of Economic Adviser, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade is releasing Wholesale price Index (WPI) for the month of April, 2020. ● In view of the limited transactions of products in the wholesale market in the month of April, 2020, due to

spread of Covid-19 pandemic, it has been decided to release the Price Movement of selected Sub-groups/Groups of WPI, following the principles of adequacy.

● All Commodities WPI could not be computed for April-2020 due to non- availability of manufactured product group index.

● PRIMARY ARTICLES (Weight 22.62%)



● FUEL & POWER (Weight 13.15%) ● MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS (Weight 64.23%) ● WPI FOOD INDEX (Weight 24.38%) ● FINAL INDEX FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 2020 (BASE YEAR:2011-12=100)

For the month of February, 2020 the final Wholesale Price Index and WPI based inflation rate for 'All Commodities' (Base: 2011-12=100) remained unchanged at 122.2 and 2.26% respectively as reported on 14.02.2020. About WPI:

● The wholesale price index is an index that measures and tracks the changes in the price of goods in the stages before the retail level.

● WPI shows the average price change of goods included in the index and is often expressed as a ratio or percentage, and the change is one indicator of a country's level of inflation.

4th Tranche of Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan

Presentation of details of 4th Tranche announced by Union Finance & Corporate Affairs Minister under Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan to support Indian economy in fight against COVID-19 Policy Reforms to fast-track Investment Effort towards Atmanirbhar Bharat ● Fast track Investment Clearance through Empowered Group of Secretaries (EGoS). ● Project Development Cell in each Ministry to prepare investible projects, coordinate with investors and

Central/State Governments ● Ranking of States on Investment Attractiveness to compete for new investments ● Incentive schemes for Promotion of New Champion Sectors will be launched in sectors such as Solar PV

manufacturing; Advanced cell battery storage; etc.

Upgradation of Industrial Infrastructure ● Scheme will be implemented in States through Challenge mode for Industrial Cluster Upgradation of

common infrastructure facilities and connectivity.



● Availability of Industrial Land/ Land Bank for promoting new investments and making information available on Industrial Information System (IIS) with GIS mapping.

○ 3376 industrial parks/estates/SEZs in 5 lakh hectares mapped on Industrial Information System (IIS) ○ All industrial parks will be ranked in 2020-21

New Horizons of Growth Policy Reforms – Introduction of Commercial Mining in Coal Sector Need to reduce import of substitutable coal and increase Self-reliance in coal production. Government will introduce competition, transparency and private sector participation in the Coal Sector through : ● Revenue sharing mechanism instead of regime of fixed Rupee/tonne

○ Earlier, only captive consumers with end-use ownership could bid. ○ Now, any party can bid for a coal block and sell in the open market.

● Entry norms will be liberalized ○ Nearly 50 blocks to be offered immediately. ○ No eligibility conditions, only upfront payment with a ceiling.

Policy Reforms – Introduction of Commercial Mining in Coal Sector ● Exploration-cum-production regime for partially explored blocks

○ Against earlier provision of auction of fully explored coal blocks, now even partially explored blocks to be auctioned.

○ Will allow private sector participation in exploration. ● Production earlier than scheduled will be incentivized through rebate in revenue-share Policy Reforms – Diversified Opportunities in Coal Sector – Investment of Rs 50,000 crores. ● Coal Gasification / Liquefication will be incentivised through rebate in revenue share.

○ Will result in significantly lower environment impact ○ Will assist India in switching to a gas-based economy

● Infrastructure development of Rs. 50,000 crores ○ For evacuation of enhanced CIL’s target of 1 billion tons coal production by 2023-24 plus coal

production from private blocks. ○ Includes Rs 18,000 cr worth of investment in mechanized transfer of coal (conveyor belts) from mines

to railway sidings. ○ This measure will also help reduce environmental impact

Policy Reforms –Liberalised Regime in Coal Sector ● Coal Bed Methane (CBM) extraction rights to be auctioned from Coal India Limited’s (CIL) coal mines. ● Ease of doing business measures, such as Mining Plan simplification, will be taken.

○ Mining Plan has been shortened, made amenable for loading online. ○ To allow for automatic 40% increase in annual production.

● Concessions in commercial terms given to CIL’s consumers (relief worth Rs 5000 cr offered) ○ Reserve price in auctions for non-power consumers reduced, credit terms eased, and lifting period

enhanced.



Enhancing Private Investments in the Mineral Sector Structural reforms to boost growth, employment and bring state-of-the-art technology especially in exploration through: ● Introduction of a seamless composite exploration-cum-mining-cum-production regime. ● 500 mining blocks would be offered through an open and transparent auction process ● Introduce Joint Auction of Bauxite and Coal mineral blocks to enhance Aluminum Industry’s

competitiveness. Will help aluminium industry reduce electricity costs. Policy Reforms – Mineral Sector ● Remove distinction between captive and noncaptive mines to allow transfer of mining leases and sale of

surplus unused minerals, leading to better efficiency in mining and production. ● Ministry of Mines is in the process of developing Mineral Index for different minerals ● Rationalisation of stamp duty payable at the time of award of mining leases. Enhancing Self Reliance in Defence Production ● ‘Make in India’ for Self-Reliance in Defence Production:

○ Notify a list of weapons/platforms for ban on import with year wise timelines; ○ Indigenisation of imported spares; ○ Separate budget provisioning for domestic capital procurement. ○ Will help reduce huge Defence import bill.

● Improve autonomy, accountability and efficiency in Ordnance Supplies by Corporatisation of Ordnance Factory Board.

Policy Reforms – Defence Production ● FDI limit in the defence manufacturing under automatic route will be raised from 49% to 74% ● Time-bound defence procurement process and faster decision making will be ushered in by :

○ Setting up of a Project Management Unit (PMU) to support contract management; ○ Realistic setting of General Staff Qualitative Requirements (GSQRs) of weapons/platforms; ○ Overhauling Trial and Testing procedures

Reduction in Flying cost Rs. 1000 crores – Efficient Airspace Management for Civil Aviation ● Only 60% of the Indian airspace freely available. ● Restrictions on utilisation of the Indian Air Space will be eased so that civilian flying becomes more efficient. ● Will bring a total benefit of about Rs 1000 crores per year for the aviation sector. ● Optimal utilization of airspace; reduction in fuel use, time. ● Positive environmental impact. More World-class Airports through PPP ● AAI has awarded 3 airports out of 6 bid for Operation and Maintenance on Public-Private Partnership (PPP)

basis. ● Annual Revenue of 6 airports in 1st round – Rs 1000 crores (against current profit of Rs 540 crores per year).

AAI will also get a down payment of Rs 2300 crores. ● 6 more airports identified for 2nd round. Bid process to commence immediately.



● Additional Investment by private players in 12 airports in 1st and 2nd rounds expected around Rs. 13,000 crores.

● Another 6 airports will be put out for the third round of bidding. India to become a global hub for Aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) ● Tax regime for MRO ecosystem has been rationalized. ● Aircraft component repairs and airframe maintenance to increase from Rs 800 crores to Rs 2000 crores in

three years. ● Major engine manufacturers in the world would set up engine repair facilities in India in the coming year. ● Convergence between defence sector and the civil MROs will be established to create economies of scale. ● Maintenance cost for airlines will come down Tariff Policy Reform A Tariff Policy laying out the following reforms will be released: A. Consumer Rights

● DISCOM inefficiencies not to burden consumers ● Standards of Service and associated penalties for DISCOMs ● DISCOMs to ensure adequate power; load-shedding to be penalized

B. Promote Industry ● Progressive reduction in cross subsidies ● Time bound grant of open access ● Generation and transmission project developers to be selected competitively

C. Sustainability of Sector ● No Regulatory Assets ● Timely payment of Gencos ● DBT for subsidy; Smart prepaid meters

Privatization of Distribution in UTs ● Sub-optimal performance of power distribution & supply ● Power Departments / Utilities in Union Territories will be privatised. ● Will lead to better service to consumers and improvement in operational and financial efficiency in

Distribution ● Provide a model for emulation by other Utilities across the country

Boosting private sector investment in Social Infrastructure through revamped Viability Gap Funding Scheme – Rs 8100 crores

● Social Infrastructure Projects suffer from poor viability. ● Government will enhance the quantum of Viability Gap Funding upto 30% each of Total Project Cost as

VGF by Centre and State/Statutory Bodies. ● For other sectors, VGF existing support of 20 % each from GoI and States/Statutory Bodies shall continue ● Total outlay is Rs. 8100 crores ● Projects to be proposed by Central Ministries/ State Government/ Statutory entities.



Boosting private participation in Space activities ● Indian private sector will be a co-traveller in India’s space sector journey.

○ Will provide level playing field for private companies in satellites, launches and space-based services. ○ Will provide predictable policy and regulatory environment to private players. ○ Private sector will be allowed to use ISRO facilities and other relevant assets to improve their

capacities. ○ Future projects for planetary exploration, outer space travel etc to be open for private sector. ○ Liberal geo-spatial data policy for providing remote-sensing data to tech-entrepreneurs.

Atomic Energy related Reforms ● Establish research reactor in PPP mode for production of medical isotopes – promote welfare of humanity

through affordable treatment for cancer and other diseases. ● Establish facilities in PPP mode to use irradiation technology for food preservation – to compliment

agricultural reforms and assist farmers. ● Link India’s robust start-up ecosystem to nuclear sector – Technology Development cum Incubation Centres

will be set up for fostering synergy between research facilities and tech-entrepreneurs. Structural reforms across Eight Sectors paving way for Aatma Nirbhar Bharat

KEY HIGHLIGHTS ● Commercial Mining introduced in Coal Sector ● Diversified Opportunities in Coal Sector ● Liberalised Regime in Coal Sector ● Enhancing Private Investments and Policy Reforms in Mineral Sector ● Enhancing Self Reliance in Defence Production ● Policy Reforms in Defence Production ● Efficient Airspace Management for Civil Aviation ● More World-Class Airports through PPP ● India to become a global hub for Aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) ● Tariff Policy Reform in Power Sector; Privatization of Distribution in UTs ● Boosting private sector investment through revamped Viability Gap Funding Scheme in Social Sector ● Boosting private participation in space activities ● Reforms in Atomic Energy Sector The Finance Minister announced following policy reforms to fast track investment in an effort towards Atma Nirbhar Bharat:

○ There will be fast tracking of investment clearance through Empowered Group of Secretaries. ○ Project Development Cell will be constituted in each Ministry to prepare investible projects, coordinate

with investors and Central/State Governments. ○ There will be ranking of States on investment attractiveness to compete for new investment.



○ Incentive schemes for promotion of new champion sectors will be launched in sectors such as solar PV manufacturing; advanced cell battery storage etc.

The Finance Minister today announced the following structural reforms in the eight sectors of Coal, Minerals, Defence production, Civil Aviation, Power Sector, Social Infrastructure, Space and Atomic energy. The details are as follows: A. COAL SECTOR ● Introduction of Commercial Mining in Coal Sector The Government will introduce competition, transparency and private sector participation in the Coal Sector through:

● A revenue sharing mechanism instead of regime of fixed Rupee/tonne. Any party can bid for a coal block and sell in the open market.

● Entry norms will be liberalised. Nearly 50 Blocks will be offered immediately. There will not be any eligibility conditions, only upfront payment with a ceiling will be provided.

● There will be exploration-cum-production regime for partially explored blocks against earlier provision of auction of fully explored coal blocks. This will allow private sector participation in exploration.

● Production earlier than scheduled will be incentivized through rebate in revenue-share. ● Diversified Opportunities in Coal Sector Coal Gasification / Liquefication will be incentivised through rebate in revenue share. This will result in significantly lower environment impact and also assist India in switching to a gas-based economy.

● ● Infrastructure development of Rs. 50,000 crore will be done for evacuation of enhanced Coal India

Limited’s (CIL) target of 1 billion tons coal production by 2023-24 plus coal production from private blocks.

● Liberalised Regime in Coal Sector ● Coal Bed Methane (CBM) extraction rights will be auctioned from Coal India Limited’s (CIL) coal mines. ● Ease of Doing Business measures, such as Mining Plan simplification, will be taken. This will allow for

automatic 40% increase in annual production. ● Concessions in commercial terms given to CIL’s consumers (relief worth Rs 5,000 crore offered). Reserve

price in auctions for non-power consumers reduced, credit terms eased, and lifting period has been enhanced.

MINERAL SECTOR ● Enhancing Private Investments in the Mineral Sector There will be structural reforms to boost growth, employment and bring state-of-the-art technology especially in exploration through:

● Introduction of a seamless composite exploration-cum-mining-cum-production regime. ● 500 mining blocks would be offered through an open and transparent auction process. ● Joint Auction of Bauxite and Coal mineral blocks to enhance Aluminum Industry’s competitiveness will

be introduced to help Aluminum industry reduce electricity costs.



● Policy reforms in Mineral Sector

● The distinction between captive and non-captive mines to allow transfer of mining leases and sale of surplus unused minerals, leading to better efficiency in mining and production shall be removed.

● The Ministry of Mines is in the process of developing a Mineral Index for different minerals. C. DEFENCE SECTOR ● Enhancing Self Reliance in Defence Production Make in India’ for Self-Reliance in Defence Production will be promoted by notifying a list of weapons/platforms for ban on import with year wise timelines, Indigenisation of imported spares, and separate budget provisioning for domestic capital procurement. This will help reduce huge Defence import bill.

● Improve autonomy, accountability and efficiency in Ordnance Supplies by Corporatisation of Ordnance Factory Board.

● Policy Reforms in Defence Production ● FDI limit in the Defence manufacturing under automatic route will be raised from 49% to 74%. ● There will be time-bound defence procurement process and faster decision making will be ushered in by

setting up of a Project Management Unit (PMU) to support contract management; Realistic setting of General Staff Qualitative Requirements (GSQRs) of weapons/platforms and overhauling Trial and Testing procedures.

D.CIVIL AVIATION SECTOR ● Efficient Airspace Management for Civil Aviation: Restrictions on utilisation of the Indian Air Space will be eased so that civilian flying becomes more efficient.

● This will bring a total benefit of about Rs 1,000 crore per year for the aviation sector. ● This will lead to optimal utilization of airspace; reduction in fuel use, time and will have positive

environmental impact. More World-Class Airports through PPP:

● 6 more airports have been identified for 2nd round bidding for Operation and Maintenance on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) basis.

● Additional Investment by private players in 12 airports is expected to bring around Rs. 13,000 crore. India to become a global hub for Aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO):

● Tax regime for the MRO ecosystem has been rationalized. ● Aircraft component repairs and airframe maintenance to increase from Rs 800 crore to Rs 2,000 crore in

three years. ● It is expected that major engine manufacturers in the world would set up engine repair facilities in India

in the coming year. ● Convergence between Defence sector and the civil MROs will be established to create economies of

scale. This will lead to maintenance costs for airlines to come down. ○ The biggest upside will be its ability to create new jobs and a strong global value chain with the

civil-defence business interface, which remains constrained and under-leveraged.



The plans to make India a global MRO hub will ensure savings of precious foreign exchange and enable Indian airlines to get their aircraft serviced locally. E.POWER SECTOR Tariff Policy Reform: Tariff Policy laying out the following reforms will be released ● Consumer Rights

○ DISCOM inefficiencies not to burden consumers

○ Standards of Service and associated penalties for DISCOMs

○ DISCOMs to ensure adequate power; load-shedding to be penalized ● Promote Industry

○ Progressive reduction in cross subsidies

○ Time bound grant of open access

○ Generation and transmission project developers to be selected competitively ● Sustainability of Sector

○ No Regulatory Assets ○ Timely payment of Gencos

○ DBT for subsidy; Smart prepaid meters ● Privatization of Distribution in UTs:

○ This will lead to better service to consumers and improvement in operational and financial efficiency in Distribution and will improve government finances.

○ This will also provide a model for emulation by other Utilities across the country. F. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE Boosting private sector investment through Revamped Viability Gap Funding Scheme - Rs 8,100 crore. ● The Government will enhance the quantum of Viability Gap Funding (VGF) upto 30?ch of Total Project Cost

as VGF by the Centre and State/Statutory Bodies. ● For other sectors, VGF existing support of 20?ch from the Government of India and States/Statutory Bodies

shall continue. ● Projects shall be proposed by Central Ministries/ State Government/ Statutory entities. G. SPACE SECTOR: BOOSTING PRIVATE PARTICIPATION IN SPACE ACTIVITIES ● There shall be a level playing field provided to private companies in satellites, launches and space-based

services. ● Predictable policy and regulatory environment to private players will be provided. ● Private sector will be allowed to use ISRO facilities and other relevant assets to improve their capacities. ● Future projects for planetary exploration, outer space travel etc shall also be open for the private sector. ● There will be liberal geo-spatial data policy for providing remote-sensing data to tech-entrepreneurs. H. ATOMIC ENERGY RELATED REFORMS ● Research reactor in PPP mode for production of medical isotopes shall be established to promote welfare

of humanity through affordable treatment for cancer and other diseases.



● Facilities in PPP mode to use irradiation technology for food preservation – to compliment agricultural reforms and assist farmers shall also be established.

● India’s robust start-up ecosystem will be linked to nuclear sector and for this, Technology Development-cum-Incubation Centres will be set up for fostering synergy between research facilities and tech-entrepreneurs.

Partial Credit Guarantee Scheme (PCGS)

The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister, has approved the Sovereign portfolio guarantee of up to 20% of first loss for purchase of Bonds or Commercial Papers (CPs) with a rating of AA and below. ● It includes unrated paper with original/ initial maturity of up to one year) issued by NBFCs/ MFCs/Micro

Finance Institutions (MFIs) by Public Sector Banks (PSBs) through an extension of the Partial Credit Guarantee Scheme (PCGS).

The Cabinet also approved modifications in the existing PCGS on purchase of pooled assets, increasing its coverage by— ● Making NBFCs/HFCs reported under SMA-1 category on technical reasons alone during the last one year. ● Earlier NBFCs/HFCs reported as SMA-1 or SMA-2 during this period were ineligible under the Scheme. ● Relaxing the net profit criteria to the extent that the concerned NBFC/HFC should now have made a profit

in at least one of the financial years of FY 2017-18, FY 2018-19 and 2019-20. ● Earlier, the NBFC/HFC should have made a net profit in at least one of the financial years of FY 2017-18

and2018-19. ● Relaxing the criteria regarding date of origination of assets to include new assets originating up to at least

six months prior to the date of initial pool rating. ● Earlier, only assets originated up to 31.3.2019 were eligible under the Scheme.

● Extending the Scheme from 30.6.2020 to 31.3.2021 for purchase of pooled assets. Implementation schedule: ● The window for this one-time partial credit guarantee offered by Gol will remain open till 31st March, 2021

for purchase of pooled assets and for the period as specified under the Scheme for purchase of Bonds/CPs, or till such date by which Rs. 10,000 crore worth of guarantees, including both guarantees toward purchase of pooled assets and Bonds/ CPs, are provided by the Government, whichever is earlier.

Impact: ● COVID-19 crisis and consequent lockdown restrictions are likely to have a negative impact on both collections

and fresh loan disbursements, besides a deleterious effect on the overall economy. ● This result not only in asset quality issues for the NBFC/ HFC/ MFI sector, but also low loan growth as well as

higher borrowing costs for the sector, with a cascading effect on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) which borrow from them.

● While the RBI moratorium provides some relief on the assets side, it is on the liabilities side that the sector is likely to face increasing challenges.

● The extension of the existing Scheme will address the liability side concerns. ● In addition, modifications in the existing PCGS will enable wider coverage of the Scheme on the asset side

also.



● Since NBFCs, HFCs and MFIs play a crucial role in sustaining consumption demand as well as capital formation in the small and medium segment, it is essential that they continue to get funding without disruption, and the extended PCGS is expected to systematically enable the same.

1.3 Industrial Development

NDMA(MHA) issues guideline on restarting manufacturing industries after the lockdown period

Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), has issued detailed guidelines under the Disaster Management Act, 2005, on restarting manufacturing industries after the lockdown period. ● Due to several weeks of lockdown and the closure of industrial units during the lockdown period, it is

possible that some of the operators might not have followed the established SOP. ● As a result, some of the manufacturing facilities, pipelines, valves, etc. may have residual chemicals, which

may pose risk. The same is true for the storage facilities with hazardous chemicals and flammable materials. National Disaster Management Authority has issued - ● Guidelines on Chemical Disasters, 2007 ● Guidelines on Management of Chemical (Terrorism) Disasters, 2009 and ● Strengthening of Safety and Security for Transportation of POL Tankers,2010, which are relevant for

chemical industries. The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 under Environment Protection Act, 1086 provide the statutory requirements for these industries.

Generic guidelines: ● While restarting the unit, consider the first week as the trial or test run period; ensure all safety protocols;

and not try to achieve high production targets. ● To minimize the risk it is important that employees who work on specific equipment are sensitized and

made aware of the need to identify abnormalities like strange sounds or smell, exposed wires, vibrations, leaks, smoke, abnormal wobbling, irregular grinding or other potentially hazardous signs which indicate the need for an immediate maintenance or if required shutdown.

● Especially during the Covid-19 times, ensure all lockout and tagout procedures are in place on a daily basis (not applicable for units running 24hrs).

● Inspection of all equipment as per the safety protocols during the restart phase. ● In case the industry has any difficulty in managing crucial backward linkages that may be critical for their

safe functioning, they should approach the local district administration for specific assistance. ● District Magistrates may be instructed to ensure that in such instances, the industrial unit may be facilitated

to run their end to end operations, in the overall interests of industrial security. 400 crore Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme

In order to give a boost to domestic defence and aerospace manufacturing, the government has approved the launch of Defence Testing Infrastructure Scheme (DTIS) with an outlay of Rs 400 crore for creating state of the art testing infrastructure for this sector.



● The Scheme would run for the duration of five years and envisages to set up six to eight new test facilities in partnership with private industry.

● This will facilitate indigenous defence production, consequently reduce imports of military equipment and help make the country self-reliant.

● The projects under the Scheme will be provided with up to 75 percent government funding in the form of ‘Grant-in-Aid’.

● The remaining 25 per cent of the project cost will have to be borne by the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) whose constituents will be Indian private entities and State Governments.

● The SPVs under the Scheme will be registered under Companies Act 2013 and shall also operate and maintain all assets under the Scheme, in a self-sustainable manner by collecting user charges.

● The equipment/systems tested will be certified as per appropriate accreditation. ● While majority of test facilities are expected to come up in the two Defence Industrial Corridors (DICs), the

Scheme is not limited to setting up Test Facilities in the DICs only. ● The DTIS Guidelines have been uploaded on the MoD/DDP and DGQA website.

Indian Railways operationalises its most powerful 12000 HP made in India locomotive

First 12000 HP made in India Locomotive, manufactured by Madhepura Electric Loco Factory situated in Bihar, was put into operation by Indian Railways from Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Jn Station. New Design Locomotive at Madhepura Factory ● The loco is named WAG12 with Number 60027. ● The train departed from DeenDayalUpadhyaya Station in long haul formation for Dhanbad Division of East

Central Railway, consisting of 118 wagons which travelled from Pt DeenDayalUpadhyayaJn to Barwadih via Dehri-on-Sone, Garhwa Road.

● Indian Railways became 6th country in the world to join the elite club of producing high horse power locomotive indigenously.

● It is the first time, high horse power locomotive has been operationalised on broad gauge track in the world. ● The locomotive has been produced under Make in India programme. ● The Madhepura factory is the largest integrated Green Field facility built to the highest standards of quality

and safety with production capacity of 120 locomotives and spread across a massive 250 acres. ● These locomotives are state of art IGBT based, 3 phase drive, 9000 KW (12000 horse power) electric

locomotive. ● This locomotive will be a game changer for further movement of coal trains for Dedicated Freight Corridor. ● The locomotives can be tracked through GPS for its strategic use through embedded software and Antennae

being lifted through the servers on ground through microwave link.

Coir Geotextiles gets nod for Rural Road Construction

Coir Geo textiles, a permeable fabric, natural, strong, highly durable, resistant to rots, moulds and moisture, free from any microbial attack, has finally been accepted as a good material for rural road construction.



● Coir Geo textiles will be used for construction of rural roads under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY-III) says a communication from the National Rural Infrastructure Development Agency under Union Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.

● This is a very significant development as we have now been successful in deploying coir geotextile in road construction.

● It will give a big boost to the coir industry especially in these difficult times of COVID-19 pandemic. ● The Indian Road Congress (IRC) has now accredited coir Geo textiles for construction of rural roads. ● As per these instructions, 5% length of the rural roads under PMGSY-III will be constructed using Coir Geo

textiles. ● Accordingly 164 Kms of road will be constructed using coir geo textiles in Andhra Pradesh, 151 kms in

Gujarat, 71 kms in Kerala , 328 kms in Maharashtra,470 kms in Odisha, 369 kms TN and 121 kms in Telengana. ● Thus 1674 km road will be constructed using Coir Geo textiles in 07 states for which there will be a

requirement of One Crore Sq. mtrs of coir Geo-textiles, estimated cost of which would come to Rs.70 Crore. Cabinet approves "Scheme for Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (FME)"

The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister, has given its approval to a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme - "Scheme for Formalisation of Micro food processing Enterprises (FME)" for the Unorganized Sector on All India basis. The expenditure will be shared by GOI and the States in ratio of 60:40. Details of the Scheme: Objectives: ● Increase in access to finance by micro food processing units. ● Increase in revenues of target enterprises. ● Enhanced compliance with food quality and safety standards. ● Strengthening capacities of support systems. ● Transition from the unorganized sector to the formal sector. ● Special focus on women entrepreneurs and Aspirational districts. ● Encourage Waste to Wealth activities. ● Focus on minor forest produce in Tribal Districts. Salient features: ● Centrally Sponsored Scheme. Expenditure to be shared by Government of India and States at 60:40. ● 2,00,000 micro-enterprises are to be assisted with credit linked subsidy. ● Scheme will be implemented over a 5 year period from 2020-21 to 2024-25. ● Cluster approach. ● Focus on perishables. Support to Individual micro units: ● Micro enterprises will get credit linked subsidy @ 35% of the eligible project cost with ceiling of Rs.10 lakh. ● Beneficiary contribution will be minimum 10% and balance from loan. ● On-site skill training & Handholding for DPR and technical upgradation. Support to FPOs/SHGs/Cooperatives:



● Seed capital to SHGs for loan to members for working capital and small tools. ● Grant for backward/ forward linkages, common infrastructure, packaging, marketing & branding. ● Skill training & Handholding support. ● Credit linked capital subsidy. Implementation schedule: ● The scheme will be rolled out on All India basis. ● Back ended credit linked subsidy will be provided to 2,00,000 units. ● Seed capital will be given to SHGs (@Rs. 4 lakh per SHG) for loan to members for working capital and small

tools. ● Grant will be provided to FPOs for backward/forward linkages, common infrastructure, packaging,

marketing & branding. Administrative and Implementation Mechanisms ● The Scheme would be monitored at Centre by an Inter-Ministerial Empowered Committee (IMEC) under the

Chairmanship of Minister, FPI. ● A State/ UT Level Committee (SLC) chaired by the Chief Secretary will monitor and sanction/ recommend

proposals for expansion of micro units and setting up of new units by the SHGs/ FPOs/ Cooperatives. ● The States/ UTs will prepare Annual Action Plans covering various activities for implementation of the

scheme, which will be approved by Government of India. ● A third party evaluation and mid-term review mechanism would be built in the programme. State/ UT Nodal Department & Agency ● The State/ UT Government will notify a Nodal Department and Agency for implementation of the Scheme. ● State/ UT Nodal Agency (SNA) would be responsible for implementation of the scheme at the State/ UT level

including preparation and validation of State/ UT Level Upgradation Plan, Cluster Development Plan, engaging and monitoring the work of resource groups at district/ regional level, providing support to units and groups, etc.

National Portal & MIS ● A National level portal would be set-up wherein the applicants/ individual enterprise could apply to

participate in the Scheme. ● All the scheme activities would be undertaken on the National portal. Convergence Framework ● Support from the existing schemes under implementation by the Government of India and State

Governments would be availed under the scheme. ● The Scheme would attempt to fill in the gaps, where support is not available from other sources, especially

for capital investment, handholding support, training and common infrastructure. Impact and employment generation: ● Nearly eight lakh micro- enterprises will benefit through access to information, better exposure and

formalization. ● Credit linked subsidy support and hand-holding will be extended to 2,00,000 micro enterprises for expansion

and upgradation.



● It will enable them to formalize, grow and become competitive. ● The project is likely to generate nine lakh skilled and semi-skilled jobs. ● Scheme envisages increased access to credit by existing micro food processing entrepreneurs, women

entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs in the Aspirational Districts. ● Better integration with organized markets. ● Increased access to common services like sorting, grading, processing, packaging, storage etc. Background: ● There are about 25 lakh unregistered food processing enterprises which constitute 98% of the sector and

are unorganized and informal. ● Nearly 66 % of these units are located in rural areas and about 80% of them are family-based enterprises. ● This sector faces a number of challenges including the inability to access credit, high cost of institutional

credit, lack of access to modern technology, inability to integrate with the food supply chain and compliance with the health & safety standards.

● Strengthening this segment will lead to reduction in wastage, creation of off-farm job opportunities and aid in achieving the overarching Government objective of doubling farmers' income.

100 % solarisation of Konark sun temple & Konark town

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has taken up the Complete Solarisation of Konark sun temple and Konark town in Odisha. ● The Government of India launched the Scheme with an objective to develop the historical Sun temple town

of Konark in Odisha as 'Surya Nagri', to convey a message of synergy between the modern use of solar energy and the ancient Sun Temple and the importance of promoting solar energy .

● The Scheme envisages setting up of 10 MW grid connected solar project and various solar off-grid applications like solar trees, solar drinking water kiosks, off-grid solar power plants with battery storage etc with a 100% Central Financial Assistance (CFA) support from Government of India through Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE).

● Implementation of this Project will be done by Odisha Renewable Energy Development Agency (OREDA).

Local to Global: Khadi Masks to Hit Foreign Markets

The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) will look at exporting the Khadi cotton and silk face masks to foreign countries like the USA, Dubai, Mauritius, after the Commerce ministry lifted the ban on export of non-medical masks. ● Keeping in view the huge demand of face masks during the global Covid-19 pandemic, the KVIC has

developed double layered and triple-layered Cotton as well as Silk face masks respectively, available in two colors for men and in multiple colors for women.

● The KVIC has so far received orders to supply 8 lakh masks and has already supplied more than 6 lakh masks during Lockdown period.

The Khadi masks ● The export of Khadi masks is an appropriate example of Local to Global. ● The export of Khadi masks will lead to a spike in production and ultimately create large scale employment

opportunities for artisans in India.



● These masks prepared from Double Twisted khadi fabric not only meet the quality and scale of demand but are cost effective, breathable, washable, reusable and bio-degradable.

● KVIC is specifically using Double Twisted Khadi fabric for manufacturing of these masks as it helps retains moisture content inside, while providing an easy passage for the air to pass through.

● What makes these masks more special is the hand-spun and hand-woven cotton and Silk fabrics. ● Cotton acts as a mechanical barrier while Silk is an Electrostatic barrier. IASST develops electrochemical sensing platform for detecting carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds in food Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, developed an electrochemical sensing platform. ● It will detect carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-

nitrosodiethanolamine (NDEA) that are found in food items like cured meat, bacon, some cheese, and low-fat milk.

● It was achieved by developing a modified electrode by immobilizing carbon nanomaterials (carbon dots) in Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

● People are exposed to harmful chemicals belonging to Nitrosamine family in cured meats, bacon, some cheese, low-fat dry milk, and fish.

● Such chemicals include carcinogenic ones like NDMA and NDEA, which may also alter the chemical composition of DNA. Hence it is important to develop detection techniques to detect them.

● The detection limit was determined to be 9.9×10-9 M and 9.6×10-9 M for NDMA and NDEA, respectively. ● The electrochemical sensor, the electrode was developed by depositing carbon dots (carbon nanoparticles)

and then immobilizing bacterial DNA on them. ● The new electrode system measures the current peak. Both NDMA and NDEA alters the chemical structure

of DNA present in the electrode, making it more conducting. ● This will result in an increased current peak. ● In the presence of NDMA, guanine is modified to 6-Omethylguanine or 7-methyl guanine and with NDEA

guanine changes to 8-oxoguanine to form DNA adducts. ● The DNA adducts thus formed remain electrochemically active. This leads to an increase in peak current in

electrochemical set-up, helping in the detection of the chemicals.

Missile Park 'Agneeprastha' to be set up at INS Kalinga

Foundation Stone for a Missile Park "AGNEEPRASTHA" was laid at INS Kalinga AGNEEPRASTHA ● It aims to capture glimpses of Missile History of INS Kalinga since 1981 till date. ● It will be dedicated to all the officers, sailors and support staff of INS Kalinga. ● It will also commemorate the award of the prestigious Unit Citation to INS Kalinga for the year 2018-19. ● It has been set up with a replica of missiles and Ground Support Equipment (GSE) that showcase the

evolution of missiles handled by the unit. ● The Missile Park has been set up with a replica of missiles and Ground Support Equipment (GSE) that

showcase the evolution of missiles handled by the unit.



● The main attraction is P-70 'Ametist', an underwater launched anti-ship missile from the arsenal of the old 'Chakra' (Charlie-1 submarine) which was in service with IN during 1988-91.

● AGNEEPRASTHA’ will also provide a one-stop arena for motivation and stimulation of inquisitive minds regarding the missiles and related technologies, from school children to Naval personnel and their families.

Index of Eight Core Industries (Base: 2011-12=100) for March, 2020 The Eight Core Industries comprise 40.27 per cent of the weight of items included in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP). ● The growth rate of Index of Eight Core Industries for April 2020 declined by 38.1% (provisional) compared

to decline of 9 percent (provisional) previous month of March 2020.In view of nationwide lockdown during April 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic, various industries viz. Coal, Cement, Steel, Natural Gas, Refinery, Crude Oil etc experienced substantial loss of production. Coal

Coal production (weight: 10.33per cent) declined by 15.5 per cent in April, 2020 over April,2019. ● Its cumulative index declined by 0.4 per cent during April toMarch, 2019-20over corresponding period of

the previous year. Crude Oil

Crude Oil production (weight: 8.98per cent) declined by 6.4 per cent in April, 2020 over April,2019. ● Its cumulative index declined by 5.9 percent during April toMarch, 2019-20 over the corresponding period

of the previous year. Natural Gas

The Natural Gas production (weight:6.88per cent) declined by19.9 percent in April, 2020 over April,2019. ● Its cumulative index declined by 5.6 percent during April to March, 2019-20 over the corresponding period

of previous year. Refinery Products

Petroleum Refinery production (weight: 28.04per cent) declined by 24.2 per cent in April, 2020 over April,2019. ● Its cumulative index increased by 0.2per cent during April to March, 2019-20over the corresponding period

of previous year. Fertilizers

Fertilizers production (weight: 2.63 per cent) declined by 4.5 per cent in April, 2020 over April,2019. ● Its cumulative index increased by 2.7 percent during April toMarch, 2019-20 over the corresponding period

of the previous year. Steel

Steel production (weight: 17.92per cent)declined by 83.9 percent in April, 2020 over April,2019. ● Its cumulative index increased by 3.4 percent during April to March, 2019-20 over the corresponding period

of previous year. Cement

Cement production (weight:5.37per cent) declined by 86.0 per cent in April, 2020over April,2019. ● Its cumulative index declined by0.9 percent during April to March, 2019-20over the corresponding period of

the previous year. Electricity



Electricity generation (weight:19.85per cent) declined by 22.8 percent in April, 2020over April,2019. ● Its cumulative index increased by 1.0 percent during April to March, 2019-20over the corresponding period

of previous year.



2. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Scientists find highest ever level of microplastics on seafloor An international research project has revealed the highest levels of microplastic ever recorded on the seafloor, with up to 1.9 million pieces in a thin layer covering just 1 square meter. ● Microplastics are pieces of plastic waste that measure less than five millimetres long, or often much smaller,

and are deemed invisible water pollutants. ● The harmful plastic debris has been pulled down by powerful deep-sea currents that transport and

concentrate the pollutants within huge sediment accumulations, which researchers coined microplastic hotspots.

● The hotspots are a deep-sea equivalent of so-called garbage patches created by currents on the ocean’s surface.

● Ocean microplastics have created waste areas such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a massive gyre of more than 87,000 tons of trash spanning waters from the West Coast of North America to Japan.

● The tiny plastics come from sources such as textiles and clothing as well as items such as plastic bottles that break down into smaller pieces over time.

● The waste is not filtered out in domestic wastewater treatment plants in cities and farms, and as a result it runs right into rivers and oceans.

● The study has shown how detailed studies of seafloor currents can help us to connect microplastic transport pathways in the deep-sea and find the ‘missing’ microplastics.

● Researchers found that the microplastic hotspots on the seafloor can house vital ecosystems that will consume or absorb the plastics.

● Toxic chemicals from microplastics have been found to hurt animals such as insects and marine species by blocking their digestive systems.

● Researchers said the new findings will help predict other undiscovered microplastic hotspot locations in the ocean and direct more research into the impact of microplastics on marine life.

New Satellite Gives Clearest View Yet of Polar Ice Melt

A cutting-edge NASA satellite has provided one of the most detailed looks yet at glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica. The findings are clearer than ever: ● Both ice sheets are losing billions of tons of mass into the ocean each year, contributing significantly to global

sea-level rise. ● The findings from the ICESat-2 mission, a NASA satellite that can measure changes in the height of the Earth’s

ice sheets and the thickness of polar sea ice. ● ICESat-2 is far more sensitive than the original mission—able to make fine observations of changes in the

Earth’s surface. ● The new data gives scientists a closer look at exactly where those losses are coming from—and what’s

causing them. ● In Greenland, ice loss mainly occurs in the form of surface melting. ● The top of the ice sheet warms and melts, and the water runs off into the ocean.



● While Greenland saw some modest gains in mass near the center of the ice sheet, it suffered far more serious losses in other areas—especially the northwest and southeast regions.

● In contrast to Greenland, crumbling glaciers are a more important factor when it comes to ice loss in Antarctica.

● This is when chunks of ice pour from the edge of the ice sheet into the sea. ● Glaciers are often stabilized by ice shelves—tongues of ice that just out from the edge of the ice sheet into

the ocean. ● If an ice shelf weakens or breaks, it can cause ice to pour from the glacier into the ocean at a faster rate. ● The new data indicates that thinning ice shelves are a growing cause of ice loss from Antarctic glaciers. ● In West Antarctica, for instance—the fastest-melting part of the Antarctic ice sheet—melting ice shelves

accounted for nearly a third of the region’s total mass loss. ● Meanwhile, grounded ice—the ice that actually contributes to sea-level rise—is still pouring into the ocean

by the billions of tons. ● Greenland is losing around 200 billion tons of grounded ice each year, and Antarctica more than 100 billion.

Environment ministry’s CRZ amendment

The Union environment ministry’s latest amendment to the coastal regulation zone (CRZ) norms ends speculations by planning agencies in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) that claimed artificially created “inland mangroves” need not be protected.

Why the amendment? ● MoEFCC’s amendment comes after the Goa government made a request to demarcate the high tide line

(HTL) (the extent to which coastal waters can reach the farthest on land) along embankments even if they were breached.

Super cyclone, Amphan

According to the Cyclone Warning Division of the India Meteorological Department: ● The cyclone AMPHAN intensified into a Super Cyclone. ● It is a very intense cyclone with associated wind speed of 220-230 kmph. ● It is expected to cross West Bengal–Bangladesh coasts between Digha(West Bengal) and Hatiya Islands

(Bangladesh) close to Sundarbans. ● It will hit land as an Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm with wind speed of 165-175 kmph gusting to 195 kmph. ● It will cause heavy to extremely heavy rainfall over Gangetic West Bengal and heavy to very heavy rainfall

over north coastal Odisha. ● Storm surge of about 4-6 meters above astronomical tide is likely to inundate low lying areas of south &

north 24 Parganas and about 3-4 meters over the low lying areas of East Medinipur districtofWest Bengalduring the time of landfall.

● This cyclone has extensive damaging potential. It will cause extensive large scale damage. Damage expected over West Bengal (east Medinipur, south & north 24 Parganas, Howrah, Hoogli, Kolkata districts), over Odisha and action suggested



● Extensive damage to all types of kutcha houses, some damage to old badly managed Pucca structures. Potential threat from flying objects.

● Extensive uprooting of communication and power poles. Disruption of rail/road link. ● Extensive damage to standing crops, plantations, orchards.Blowing down of Palm & coconut trees. ● Uprooting of large bushy trees. Large boats and ships may get torn from their moorings.

Fishermen Warning & Action Suggested: ● Diversion or suspension of rail and road traffic. ● People in affected areas to remain indoors. Mobilise evacuation from Low lying areas. ● Movement in motor boats and small ships not advisable.

States express desire to expedite early notification of the Ecologically Sensitive Area of Western Ghats.

Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, interacted with Chief Ministers, Cabinet Ministers & State Government Officers of six states viz, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu through Video Conference to discuss issues relating to notification of Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) pertaining to Western Ghats. ● To conserve and protect the biodiversity of Western Ghats while allowing for sustainable and inclusive

development of the region, Government of India had constituted a High-Level Working Group under the Chairmanship of Dr. Kasturirangan.

● The Committee had recommended that identified geographical areas falling in the six States of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu may be declared as Ecologically Sensitive Areas.

● A draft notification was issued in October 2018 mentioning the areas to be notified in the ESA. ● States were of unanimous view that looking into the importance of Western Ghats, there is need to ensure

protection of the western Ghats. ● It was decided that state specific issues shall be further deliberated so as to arrive at a consensus on the

issue. ● The states expressed their desire to expedite early notification while protecting interest in ecology and

environment. Locust attacks Recently, locust attacks emanating from the desert area in Pakistan have struck parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat, causing heavy damage to standing crop. ● Locusts, which are part of the grasshopper family, are highly mobile insects that can migrate across different

countries and cause extreme damage to crops. ● India has suffered the biggest Locust Attack in 25 Years, which is not fully controlled yet.

○ History: Although no locust plague cycles have been observed after 1962, during 1978 and 1993, large scale attacks were reported.

○ This year the first locust swarms left to Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and south-west Iran. ○ The locust department in India has blamed Pakistan for this year’s attack, saying it failed to conduct

control operations successfully. Crop damage: ● Estimates say crops were affected in more than 3.5 lakh hectares in districts of Rajasthan and Gujarat.

○ Crops of mustard, cumin and wheat have been most damaged.



○ Farmers whose crop was damaged would be entitled to compensation. Measures India has taken: ● India has a locust control and research scheme that is being implemented through the Locust Warning

Organisation (LWO), established in 1939 and amalgamated in 1946 with the Directorate of Plant Protection Quarantine and Storage (PPQS) of the Ministry of Agriculture.

○ LWO’s responsibility is monitoring and control of the locust situation in Scheduled Desert Areas, mainly in Rajasthan and Gujarat, and partly in Punjab and Haryana.

International measures: ● Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations is the international agency that monitors

and manages locust invasions. ○ All locust-affected countries transmit data about attacks to the FAO. ○ FAO also provides forecasts for locust attacks up to six weeks in advance and issues warnings for

each country. Locust facts ● From grasshopper family: Locusts are a group of short-horned grasshoppers. The word "locust" is derived

from the Vulgar Latin locusta, meaning grasshopper. ● Polyphagous feeder: Locusts can eat a large variety of plants. A small swarm of the desert locust, which

contains about 40 million insects, can eat on average as much food in one day as about 10 elephants, 25 camels or 2,500 people.

● Migratory: Adult locust swarms can fly up to 150 km a day with the wind. They migrate long distances in destructive swarms.

● High breeding: Under suitable conditions of drought followed by rapid vegetation growth, serotonin in their brains triggers a dramatic set of changes and they start to breed abundantly.

○ Each locust lays about 150 eggs. They multiply in numbers, and they lay eggs only in moist soil. ○ They form bands of wingless nymphs which later become swarms of winged adults.

● Origin: The swarms usually originate in the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa. ● Indian locusts: Only four species of locusts are found in India.

○ Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) - regarded as the most important in India as well as internationally.

○ Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) ○ Bombay Locust ( Nomadacris succincta) ○ Tree locust (Anacridium sp.)

● Destroy plants: The swarms devour leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, bark and growing points, and also destroy plants by their sheer weight as they descend on them in massive numbers.

● Risk: India is most at risk of a swarm invasion just before the onset of the monsoon. ○ This year the extended monsoon provided a favourable environment for the locusts to multiply.

● Plagued history: Swarms have devastated crops and been a contributory cause of famines and human migrations since prehistory. The ancient Egyptians carved them on their tombs and the insects are mentioned in the Iliad, the Bible and the Quran.



● Locust control: To control locust swarms, a chemical called organophosphate is sprayed in small, concentrated doses.

SECI, a CPSU, conducts e-Reverse Auction for the 400 MW RE projects with RTC supply

● The Indian Renewable Energy (RE) sector has witnessed history today, as the e-Reverse Auction(e-RA) for 400 MW RE (Renewable Energy) Projects with Round the Clock (RTC) supply, was concluded at an astounding first year tariff of Rs.2.90/kWh.

● The bidding was conducted by Solar Energy Corporation of India Ltd., a Central PSU under Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.

● MNRE makes a new beginning towards firm, schedulable & affordable RTC supply through 100% RE power.

● What makes the tariff a historic one, is the fact that this tender provides for a Round the Clock energy supply from 100% RE based energy generation sources, such as wind and solar PV, combined with storage.

● This tariff offers a much better proposition for the Disocms to meet their energy demand through 100% RE supply.

● The developer will be provided a maximum time period of 24 months from the Effective Date of PPA. ● There was no ceiling tariff for the Projects, and the developers are free to set up the project on a Pan-

India basis. ● The projects under this tender will be set up under the Build-Own-Operate model. ● The tender therefore achieves a major milestone towards the MNRE’s and SECI’s efforts in realizing a

firm, assured schedulable RE power supply model, which may inevitably, replace a conventional project, at a more viable tariff.

ONGC, NTPC sign MOU to set up joint venture for renewable energy business

India's top oil and gas producer ONGC and country's biggest electricity generator NTPC have signed a preliminary agreement to set up a joint venture company for renewable energy projects. ● Oil and Natural Gas Corp (ONGC) and NTPC Ltd "entered into a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on

May, 2020 in New Delhi to formalize this arrangement. ● The MoU will enable both companies to achieve their respective targets in renewable energy business. ● As per the MoU, NTPC and ONGC will explore and set up renewable power assets including offshore wind,

in India and overseas, and explore opportunities in the fields of sustainability, storage, e-mobility and ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) compliant projects.

● ONGC has a renewable portfolio of 176 MW comprising 153 MW wind power and 23 MW of solar plants. ● Through this collaboration with NTPC, ONGC envisages significant growth in its presence in the renewable

power sector. ● ONGC's Energy Strategy 2040 document calls for the company to invest in renewable energy sources with a

target to create 5-10 gigawatts portfolio with a focus on offshore wind power. ● NTPC, with a 920 MW of installed renewable power capacity in its portfolio with about 2,300 MW of

renewable energy projects under construction and aspiring to reach 32 GW by 2032, will benefit from this tie up by expanding its footprint in offshore wind and overseas renewable energy projects as well.



● The MOU was signed by ONGC Director (Finance) and In-charge Business Development and Joint Ventures Subhash Kumar and NTPC Director (Commercial) A K Gupta. ONGC Chairman and Managing Director Shashi Shanker and NTPC head Gurdeep Singh (on virtual conferencing) along with the directors of two public enterprises witnessed the occasion.



3. ICT

IIT Bombay Professor receives Young Career Award in Nano Science & Technology 2020 for Advanced Transistor Technologies

Professor Saurabh Lodha from Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay, has received the Young Career Award in Nano Science & Technology for the year 2020 instituted by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India. ● This award recognises his pioneering contributions in the development of logic transistor technologies

beyond silicon and nanoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional Van der Waals materials. ● Prof. Lodha for eight years worked with Applied Materials Inc. one of the world’s largest semiconductor

equipment manufacturers on technological challenges causing distress beyond-silicon transistors workhouse devices which fuel 90% of all electronics.

● He has developed new materials and processes to improve the thermal stability and reliability of the thin(1-2 nm) gate dielectric of the transistor and lower the resistance of metal contacts to the transistor and to obtain electrical impurities at a higher level and reduce the failure rate and last longer.

● His works are incorporated in semiconductor equipment for advanced transistor technologies which are presented in top device conferences across the globe.

● He also worked on discovering the flat two dimensional materials analogous to graphene besides his works on transistors that run computing and communication electronics.

● He is an alumnus of IIT Bombay and Purdue University, USA working on the capabilities and expertise for developing power electronic transistors based on silicon carbide and gallium oxide semiconductors with wide bandgap.

NIT Kurukshetra Implements Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP), SAMARTH

The Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) has developed an e-Governance platform, SAMARTH Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP), under the National Mission of Education in Information and Communication Technology Scheme (NMEICT). Aim: ● The aim of the e-Governance platform, SAMARTH, is to provide quality education to students across all

Universities & Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). ● The objective of this initiative is to automate the processes of the Institute. ● This initiative will also enhance productivity through better information management in the institute by

seamless access to information, and its utilization for various purposes. SAMARTH: ● SAMARTH is an Open Standard Open Source Architecture, Secure, Scalable, and Evolutionary Process

Automation Engine for Universities and Higher Educational Institutions. ● It caters to faculty, students and staff at a University/Higher Educational Institutions.



● The platform has been implemented at the National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra, a participating unit under the World Bank-supported Technical Education Quality Improvement Program (TEQIP).

Following 38 modules have been implemented in NIT,Kurukshetra: They are Organigram, Organizational Unit, Users, Employee Management, Grievance Management (Employee), RTI Management, Legal Case Management, Leave Management, Estate Management, Fee Management, Vendor Bill Tracking, File Management & Tracking, Inventory Management, Research Project Management, Programmes Management, Payroll, Recruitment Management, Health Facilities Management, Knowledge Management, Transport Management, Content Federation (CFS), Training & Placements, Hostel Management, Budget and Accounts, Sports Facilities Management, Uni Web Portal, Student Lifecycle, Endowment, College Affiliation, Student Feedback Management, Minutes and Retrieval/Document, Essential Services, Alumni Management, Core Communication, IT Service Desk, Training of Trainers Management(ToT) and Residence Allocation. ● SAMARTH team provides the software free of cost to NIT, Kurukshetra.

38 new mandis integrated with eNAM

The 38 new Mandis include 19 Mandis from Madhya Pradesh, 10 Mandis from Telangana, 4 from Maharashtra and one each in Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Kerala and Jammu, and Kashmir. ● e-NAM has become a tool for social distancing during the COVID-19 lockdown. ● States/UTs are promoting virtual trading platform like e-NAM thereby reducing human intervention in the

handling the produce and trading ensured through online mode ● The Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, has launched

three new features of National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) Platform to enable farmers to sell their harvested produce directly from warehouses which will prevent crowding in mandis amid COVID-19 outbreak.

Newly launched software modules in e-NAM software: 1. Negotiable Warehouse Receipt (e-NWRs) module in National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) software.

● Warehouse (Registered with (Warehousing Development and Regulatory Authority) WDRA) trading module with payment feature is launched to enable small & marginal farmers to directly trade their stored produce from selected WDRA registered warehouses which are declared deemed market by the State.

● Farmers will be able to place their produce in WDRA accredited warehouses. ● Already States of Telangana (14 warehouses) & Andhra Pradesh (23 warehouses) declared designated

warehouses in the State as deemed market. Benefits of eNWRs integration with e-NAM

● Depositor can save the Logistics expenses and will have better income. ● Farmers can sell the produce across the Nation to get better Prices and at the same time can save

himself from the hassle of mandi.



● Farmers will be able to place their produce in WDRA accredited warehouses avail the benefit of pledge loan if required.

● Price stabilization by matching supply and demand through time and place utility. 2. FPO trading module

● FPO trading module is launched today to enable FPOs to upload their produce from their premise/collection centres for bidding. They can upload the picture of the produce and quality parameters from their premises to help distant bidders to visualise the produce before bidding. FPOs have the option for delivery of produce either from their premises or by bringing to mandi premise after successful bidding. This will not only decongest the mandis but also reduce the logistics cost for the FPOs.

● Facility provided to FPO to upload assaying report / photo of their produce from their premise to enable traders to visualise the produce before bidding.

Benefits ● This will not only decongest the mandis but also reduce the hassle of FPOs to deal with mandis. ● This will help FPOs by reducing transaction costs (Transportation) and enhancing their bargaining power. ● Facilitates FPOs to avail online payment facility with ease of doing business.

3. Launch of Logistic Module ● Presently, e-NAM provides a database of individual transporters to the traders. ● Traders would be able to use the link to navigate to the logistics provider’s website and select

appropriate services. Benefits

● This will help in seamless transportation of agri produce. ● This will promote inter-State trade under e-NAM by providing online transport facilities for distant

buyers. AI-powered mobile app for mock tests for JEE Main, NEET 2020

Union Human Resource Development Minister launched a new mobile app called the ‘National Test Abhyas'. ● The App has been developed by NTA to enable candidates to take mock tests for upcoming exams such as

JEE Main, NEET under the NTA’s purview. ● The app has been launched to facilitate candidates’ access to high quality mock tests in the safety and

comfort of their homes since there was a demand for making up the loss to students due to closure of educational institutions and NTA’s Test-Practice Centers (TPCs) due to the continuing lockdown.

● With this facility for the students, India has taken the lead in restoring a semblance of normalcy in one more crucial area –test preparations – even at these unprecedented times.

● Students across the country can use the App to access high quality tests, free of cost, in a bid to be fully prepared for the upcoming JEE, NEET and other competitive exams.

● The tests can be easily downloaded; they can be completed off-line, thus economising on internet availability too.

● The app will make available practice tests on smartphones or computers for all students in India irrespective of their level of access to devices and quality of network.



● The app also has an offline mode where students, on downloading the mock tests, can attempt the test without the internet.

● The app works on Android-based smartphones and tablets and can be downloaded from Google Play Store. ● The app will be soon available on iOS. ● Once students download the app, they will need to sign-up or register with some basic details, create a free

account, and then start accessing mock tests free of cost for their selected examination(s). ● NTA plans to release one new mock test on the app every day, which students can then download and

attempt offline. ● Once the test is completed, students can go online again to submit the test and view their test report. ● Major benefits is that student can download the test, it works perfectly even without internet connectivity,

which will prove advantageous for students even in areas with low bandwidth and remove obstacles in the way of large-scale online test preparation.

● In addition to that NTA has developed an extensive support system at http://nta.ac.in/abhyas/help. ● The NTA has also instituted live support from 10 AM to midnight for the first seven days of the release to

ensure that any issues experienced by student are proactively addressed. Certifying Quantum Entanglement: A step towards Quantum Security

Scientists from S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBNCBS), Kolkata, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology have developed a novel protocol to find out whether a pair of electrons is in an entangled state so that they can be safely used as resources for facilitating quantum information processing tasks. ● The protocol has been developed through theoretical and experimental analysis. Quantum entanglement ● It is one of the peculiarities of quantum mechanics, which makes phenomena such as quantum teleportation

and super-dense coding possible. ● It is the physical phenomenon that occurs when a pair or group of particles is generated, interact, in a way

such that the quantum state of each particle of the pair or group cannot be described independently of the state of the others.

● Entangled states are key resources to facilitate many quantum information processing tasks and quantum cryptographic protocols.

● However, entanglement is fragile and is easily lost during the transit of photons through the environment. ● Hence, it is extremely important to know whether a pair of photons is entangled, in order to use them as

resource. ● Verification of entanglement requires the use of measurement devices, but such devices may be hacked or

compromised by eavesdroppers. ● Device-independent self-testing (DIST) is a method that can be used in order to overcome such a possibility. DIST Method ● This method enables the verification of entanglement in an unknown quantum state of two photons without

having direct access to the state, or complete trust in the measurement devices.



● The theory relies on the application of the quantum uncertainty principle while implementing full device independence is a difficult task.

● In several practical situations, one of the parties may be fully trusted, whereas, the other may not be trusted like in the case of server-client relationship in banking transactions.

● For such situations, quantum information theory enables one-sided DIST (1sDIST). ● The theoretical idea is based on applying the fine-grained uncertainty relation to perform quantum steering. ● This idea has been successfully implemented experimentally by his team in collaboration with a group in

Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, and Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, Hefei. ● The experiment uses an all-optical set-up in which entangled pairs of photons are created by laser light on

Beta barium borate (BBO) crystals, a nonlinear optical crystal, used as laser crystal. ● The team used Bob as the trusted party and Alice as untrusted, to verify that the pair of photons they share

is entangled. ● In a single run of their experiment, one photon goes to Alice’s lab (bottom left), and another to Bob’s lab

(top right). ● They implemented several optical operations using beam-splitters, phase-shifters, and quantum gate

operations before the photons were detected. ● Using the detection statistics, the team not only certified the presence of entanglement but also determined

the magnitude of entanglement in the photon pairs with minimum error. ● The team concluded that the entangled pairs of photons generated by the laser and BBO crystals can be

reliably used to perform secure communication tasks. IMD Weather Services VIA UMANG Mobile App

The UMANG mobile app (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) is a Government of India all-in-one single, unified, secure, multi-channel, multi-platform, multi-lingual, multi-service mobile app, powered by a robust back-end platform providing access to high impact services of various organizations (Central and State). The UMANG mobile app ● Prime Minister of India launched the UMANG App in 2017 to bring major government services on a single

mobile app, with a larger goal to make the government accessible on the mobile phone of our citizens. ● About 660 services from 127 departments & 25 states and about 180 utility bill payment services are live

and more are in pipeline. ● UMANG user base has crossed 2.1 Crore including Android, iOS, Web and KaiOS. ● Citizens can also access their Digilocker from UMANG and give their feedback after availing any service

through Rapid Assessment System (RAS) which has been integrated with UMANG. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has brought the India Meteorological Department (IMD) services on the “UMANG App”. ● The following 7 services hosted on http://mausam.imd.gov.in web site of IMD have been on-boarded on

UMANG Mobile application: ● Current Weather -Current temperature, humidity, wind speed, direction for 150 cities updated 8 times

a day. ● Information on sunrise/ sunset and moonrise/ moonset is also given.



● Nowcast- Three hourly warnings of localized weather phenomena and their intensity issued for about 800 stations, and districts of India by State Meteorological Centers of IMD. In case of severe weather, its impact also is included in the warning.

● City Forecast – Past 24 hours and 7 day forecast of weather conditions around 450 cities in India are given.

● Rainfall Information- All India district Rainfall information daily, weekly, monthly and cumulative series are available.

● Tourism Forecast- Past 24 hours and 7 day forecast of weather conditions of around 100 Tourist cities in India are provided.

● Warnings- The alert issued to warn citizens of approaching dangerous weather. It is colour coded in Red, Orange and Yellow are the alert levels with Red as the most severe category. Issued twice a day for all districts for the coming five days.

● Cyclone- Cyclone warnings and alerts provides the track of cyclonic storms along with likely time and point of crossing of coast. Impact based warnings, area/district wise, are issued so that appropriate preparation including evacuation of vulnerable areas can be done.

Aarogya Setu is now open source

Aarogya Setu app has finally become open source for developers as the government looks to quell the privacy and surveillance concerns. ● The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology issued a notice, stating the code for the Arogya Setu

Android app has been uploaded on GitHub and will be available for tinkering by developers starting May 26. ● The iOS counterpart of the government's covid-19 tracking app will be open-sourced within two weeks. ● The National Informatics Centre (a part of MeitY) has also announced the bug bounty programme for

developers who can find vulnerabilities in the app. ● The open-source code of the Aarogya Setu app comes after nearly two months since the release of the app,

during which over 114 million users have registered themselves for the government's programme. ● Although the app has been deemed resourceful by its users, privacy advocates have so far decried the lack

of transparency in the app's code, especially after the French hacker discovered one too many security loopholes in the app.

● The government then responded to the hacker's concerns but the apprehension on using the Aarogya Setu app among the users grew by the day, forcing the government to come forward and release the code-set of the app on GitHub.

HIGHLIGHTS ● Aarogya Setu app has been open-sourced on Android. ● The iOS and KaiOS apps will be open-sourced soon. ● The app now has over 114 million users to date.

ADVERTISEMENT ● 98 per cent of Aarogya Setu are using it on the Android platform, which is why the app has been open-

sourced before its iOS and KaiOS apps.



● Releasing the source code of a rapidly evolving product that is being regularly used by more than 114 million users, is challenging.

● Developing and maintaining the source code is a huge responsibility, both for Team Aarogya Setu and the developer community.

● The repository now being shared is the actual production environment. ● All subsequent product updates will also be made available through this repository. ● The bug bounty programme is aimed at encouraging the Indian developer community to find security flaws

in the app and get rewarded Rs 1 lakh. ● The programme has been organised by the MyGov team, which looks after the delivery of the government's

digital programmes to citizens via apps. ● There is an additional Rs 1 lakh bounty for suggesting improvements in the Aarogya Setu app. Read more at : https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/aarogya-setu-is-now-open-source-for-developers-govt-announces-bug-bounty-programme-1682226-2020-05-26

.



4. OTHER TOPICS

4.1 Safety

Visakhapatnam Gas Leak Incident

The incident of Styrene gas leakage occurred in a chemical plant LG Polymers industry ● Cabinet Secretary took a detailed review meeting along with the Secretaries of the Ministries of Home

Affairs, Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chemicalsand Petrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Information and Broadcasting; Members of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and Director General (DG), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF); Director General of Health Services (DGHS) and Director AIIMS, and other medical experts; to chart out specific steps to support the management of the situation on the ground. Principal Secretary to Prime Minister was also present in the meeting.

● It was decided that a team from CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear) unit of NDRF from Pune, along with an expert team of National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur would be rushed to Vishakhapatnam immediately to support the State Government in the management of the crisis on the ground, and also to take measures for resolving the short term as also long term medical impact of the leak.

● Urging the residents to stay indoors. ● Authorities blowing water to subside the effect of gas leak Styrene gas ● Styrene gas is toxic in nature. It may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and causes respiratory problems and

other medical conditions. ● People who were exposed to the gas faced breathing difficulties, rashes on their bodies, and soar eyes. ● At least 10 people died and over 1,000 fell sick. ● The plant used raw material styrene which is highly flammable and releases poisonous gas when burnt. What caused the leak?

● Styrene monomer was used at the manufacturing plant to produce expandable plastics. ● The storage requirement of styrene monomer strictly mentions that it has to be below 17 degrees

Celsius. ● There was a temporary and partial shutdown of the plant because of the nationwide lockdown. ● The leak occurred as a result of styrene gas not being kept at the appropriate temperature. ● This caused a pressure build-up in the storage chamber that contained styrene and caused the valve to

break, resulting in the gas leakage. Is it under control? ● The leak has been plugged and NDRF teams moved into the five affected villages and have started opening

the houses to find out if anyone was stranded inside. ● The Covid-19 preparedness helped a lot as dozens of ambulances with oxygen cylinders and ventilators were

readily available.



● The spread of the gas depends on wind speeds. So far it is estimated that areas within a five-kilometre radius have been affected.

Spread of poisonous vapours depends on wind speed ● The spread of styrene monomer vapours in the air depends on the wind speed and currently personnel are

working to neutralise the air with chemicals such as 4-tert-Butylcatechol (TBC), Styrene releases a poisonous gas when burnt ● The raw material, styrene, is highly flammable and releases a poisonous gas when burnt.

4.2 General Knowledge National Technology Day

The indian government declared 11th May as National Technology Day to commemorate the Pokhran nuclear test that were carried out on 11th May 1998. ● National Technology day marking 22nd anniversary of Pokhran nuclear tests being celebrated today ● National Technology Day is being observed today to signify the glorious achievements of Indian science and

technology. ● On the same day India also performed successful test firing of the Trishul Missile and had test flown the first

indigenous aircraft - ‘Hansa - 3’. ● A high-level digital conference on Rebooting the Economy through Science, Technology and Research is

being organized by the Technology Development Board to mark the day. Ministry of MSME Launches CHAMPIONS Portal

Union Ministry of MSME has launched CHAMPIONS portal www.Champions.gov.in, a Technology driven Control Room-Cum-Management Information System. ● The system utilising modern ICT tools is aimed at assisting Indian MSMEs march into big league as National

and Global CHAMPIONS. The CHAMPIONS ● It Stands here for Creation and Harmonious Application of Modern Processes for Increasing the Output and

National Strength. Accordingly, the name of the system is CHAMPIONS. ● The portal is basically for making the smaller units big by solving their grievances, encouraging, supporting,

helping and handholding. ● It is a real one-stop-shop solution of MSME Ministry. ● It is a technology packed control room-cum-management information system. ● In addition to ICT tools including telephone, internet and video conference, the system is enabled by Artificial

Intelligence, Data Analytics and Machine Learning. ● As part of the system a network of control rooms is created in a Hub & Spoke Model. ● The Hub is situated in New Delhi in the Secretary MSME’s office. ● The spokes will be in the States in various offices and institutions of Ministry. ● As of now, 66 state level control rooms are created as part of the system.



International Nurses Day

The International Nurses Day is annually observed on May 12.Which also marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of Florence Nightingale, the foundational philosopher of modern nursing. ● The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared 2020 as the ‘Year of the Nurse and the Midwife’. ● Appreciating the work and selfless dedication of the nursing professionals, and calling them the strong and

pivotal pillars of the healthcare delivery system. ● Without nurses and other health workers, we will not win the battle against outbreaks; we will not achieve

the Sustainable Development Goals or universal health coverage. ● To protect the frontline healthcare workers, an Ordinance has been promulgated to protect the healthcare

personnel against any violence. ● The Government has also approved ‘Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package: Insurance Scheme for Health

Workers Fighting COVID-19’ to provide an insurance cover of Rs. 50 lakh for ninety (90) days to a total of around 22.12 lakh public healthcare providers, including community health workers, who may have to be in direct contact and care of COVID-19 patients and who may be at risk of being impacted by this.

● It will also include accidental loss of life on account of contacting COVID-19. National Gallery of Modern Art will organise virtual tour to commemorate the 115th Birth Anniversary of Ramkinkar Baij The Ministry of Culture’s National Gallery of Modern Art will organise a virtual tour titled “Ramkinkar Baij Journey through silent transformation and expressions to commemorate the 115th Birth Anniversary of Ramkinkar Baij on May 2020. ● This virtual tour presents the works of art from the prominent artworks of Ramkinkar Baij from reserve

collection of NGMA, grouped in a series of five different themes of ○ Portrait, ○ Life Study, ○ Abstract & Structural Composition, ○ Nature Study & Landscape and ○ Sculptures.

● This virtual tour also includes ‘Jeevansmriti’ to through light into the memory lane in addition to showcasing 520 works of art by the iconic artist in five distinct categories and three sketch books.

● At the end of the tour visitors can ‘Join the Conversation’ on the first cultural media platform under the banner of NGMA at https://so-ham.in/ramkinkar-baij-journey-through-silent-transformation-and-expressions/ and also attempt a quiz based on the content of the virtual tour.

Ramkinkar Baij ● one of the most seminal artists of modern India, was an iconic sculptor, painter and graphic artist. ● Ramkinkar Baij (1906-1980) was born in Bankura, West Bengal, into a family of little economic and social

standing and grew by his sheer determination into one of the most distinguished early modernists of Indian art.

● In 1925, he made his way to Kala Bhavana, the art school at Santiniketan and was under the guidance of Nandalal Bose.



CIPET renamed as Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering &Technology

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET) has been renamed as Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET), a premier national institution under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India. ● The changed name has been registered under the Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act 1975 (Tamil Nadu

Act 27 of 1975) ● CIPET will be in a position to fully devote itself for the growth of the entire petrochemical sector with a focus

on Academics, Skilling, Technology Support and Research. ● The primary objective of CIPET has been contributing towards the growth of the plastics industry through a

combined program of education and research. ● The Institute has evolved through the years, creating closer ties with industries with the intent to create

innovative plastic-based solutions which are resource efficient and marketable.

4.3 Material Science

DST INSPIRE Faculty develops nanomaterials having energy storage application & optical sensors for water pollution control

A recipient of the INSPIRE Faculty Award instituted by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Govt. of India. develops nanomaterials-based supercapacitors to achieve high energy density and power density of supercapacitors. ● The group aims to develop novel nanostructures of carbon and metal dichalcogenides semiconductors for

photodetection and Surface-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). ● The carbon and metal dichalcogenides (MoS2, MoSe2, etc.) nanomaterials-based supercapacitors have the

ability to achieve high energy density and power density of supercapacitors. ● The development of energy and optoelectronics devices paves the way for the development of cost-effective

and efficient devices, which can be used for energy storage applications. ● The SERS can help detect harmful molecules present in water at ultra-low concentrations. ● The novel nanostructures of carbon will make way for materials that can be used as advanced

photodetectors and also be used as optical sensors for water pollution control.

JNCASR scientists fabricate energy-efficient photodetector for security application

Scientists from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology, have fabricated an economical and energy-efficient wafer-scale photodetector (thin slice-based) using gold – silicon interface, for security applications.It could help detect weak scattered light as an indication of unwanted activity. Key Points: ● Photodetectors are the heart of any optoelectronic circuit that can detect light and are employed for a wide

variety of applications ranging from controlling automatic lighting in supermarkets to detecting radiation from the outer galaxy as well as security-related applications.



● The cost of material and intricate fabrication process involved in high performance detectors making it unaffordable for day to day applications.

● The inventions by JNCASR scientists provides a simple and cost-effective solution-based fabrication method for high-performance photodetector.

● The Photo detector has fabricated gold(Au) – Silicon(n-Si) which has high sensitivity towards light demonstrating the photo detection action.

● The gold-silicon interface was brought by electroplating of metals(galvanic deposition). ● The detector has a response of 40 microseconds and is able to detect low intensity light. ● The device covers a broad spectral Ultraviolet(UV) to Infrared which is uniform throughout the area with

less than 5% variation in response. ● The detector is self powered which doesn’t require external power supply with a protective coating and

environmental stability of the device under harsh conditions. ● The photo detector’s utility was demonstrated by the scientists using a prototype imaging system, lux and

power meter and tools for security application.

DST develops lightweight carbon foam that can replace lead batteries

INSPIRE under the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India has developed porous carbon materials that have the potential to replace the lead grid in lead-acid batteries. ● The carbon foam was developed by Dr. Rajeev Kumar from CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research

Institute, Bhopal, a recipient of the INSPIRE Faculty Award. ● The carbon foams are non-toxic, easy to fabricate, affordable, and insoluble in water. ● It is cost-effective for the removal of arsenic, oil, and other metals from contaminated water. ● It can be used for heat sinks in power electronics, electromagnetic interference shielding in aerospace,

hydrogen storage, and electrode for lead-acid batteries and water purification systems. ● The carbon foam has been developed with a density of less than 0.3g/cc, high porosity of over 85%, good

mechanical strength. ● The foam is highly resistant to corrosion. It has good electrical and thermal conductivity with the high surface

area. ● The carbon foams have recently attracted a lot of attention owing to their potential applications in various

fields.

ARCI scientists develop next-generation biodegradable metal implants

Scientists from the International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI) and Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, under the Department of Science & Technology (DST) jointly developed new generation Iron-Manganese based alloys for biodegradable metal implants for use in humans. ● The newly developed alloys are suitable for biodegradable stent and orthopedic implant applications. ● Iron-Manganese based alloy Fe-Mn is a biodegradable metallic implant that exhibits a single austenitic phase

with MRI compatibility.



● The biodegradable materials like Fe, Mg, Zn, and polymer, can participate in the healing process and then degrade gradually by maintaining the mechanical integrity without leaving any implant residues in the human body.

● These are better alternatives to currently used metallic implants that remain permanently in the human body and can cause long-term side effects like systemic toxicity, chronic inflammation, and thrombosis.

● During the degradation process, calcium phosphate deposits on the implant due to local alkalization and saturation of calcium and phosphate, allow cells to adhere onto the surface to form tissues.



Available Video Courses

ESE General Studies (Paper1) for 2021

• Videos for all 9 subjects out of 10

• Monthly Hyperloop for the 10th subject

current affairs

• Class Notes for all the subjects (Pdfs)

• Practice Questions after every video

• Affordable cost (Only rs 5500/-

including GST)

GATE Mechanical for 2021

• All subjects will be covered for GATE exam

• Class notes will be provided

• Numerous practice questions in every

chapter

• Doubts clarification group will be created

in October month

• Fee is only rs 500/- due to COVID problem

FAQs

1. Are these online classes or prerecorded videos? Which language?

Ans: These are prerecorded videos in a simple English language

2. How many times I can watch the videos?

Ans: There is no limit, can watch the videos any number of times

3. GATE Mechanical is only rs 500/-, is it real or some fraud offer?

Ans: GATE Mechanical is a real course covering entire syllabus with all solved problems. This is an introductory offer and also because of COVID problem.

May 2020 hyperloop€¦ · Not declaring undisclosed income under the PMGKY will attract a fine of...

Documents

Transcript of May 2020 hyperloop€¦ · Not declaring undisclosed income under the PMGKY will attract a fine of...