May 2015

Crystal Gem Emerald

WEST SEATTLE PETROGLYPHS

Mike Wall, Editor P.O. Box 16145 Seattle, WA 98116

email: mike_wall@yahoo.com

Monthly Bulletin of the West Seattle Rock Club, Inc.

Seattle, Washington

Our Club:

Practices the Rockhound Code of Ethics

Website:

http://www.westseattlerockclub.org

May 2015 West Seattle Petroglyphs Page 1

Volume 50, Number 5

Meetings:

Visitors are always welcome!

WEST SEATTLE ROCK CLUB, INC. Mailing Address: P.O. BOX 16145, Seattle, WA 98116

The purpose of this Club is to promote the study and enjoyment of the Lapidary Arts with good Rock-hounding and good fellowship; and to further education and lapidary skills for all; to conduct field trips for exploration and collection of minerals, gems, rocks and fossils; to promote shows and displays; to publish a monthly periodical known as West Seattle PETROGLY PHS relating to club activities.

COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS (2015):

2015 Show Chairperson Programs Refreshments/Hospitality Historian Field Trips

Webmaster

AFFILIATED WITH:

Northwest Federation & American Federation of Mineralogical Societies Seattle Regional Gem and Mineral Show Committee

Washington State Mineral Council ALAA – American Lands Access Association

Meetings are held on the Fourth Wednesday of each month, except for November which is the THIRD Wednesday and no meetings in July and December

The meetings are held in Adams Hall of the Tibbetts United Methodist Church 3940 41st S.W. (corner of 41st S.W. and S.W. Andover Street) Seattle, WA

6:00 PM – Junior Meeting 7:00 PM – Adult Meeting Dues are: $20.00 first year (including name badge), then: $10.00 per adult member per year or $15.00 for 2 adults in same family, $3.00 per junior member per year

VISITORS ARE INVITED AND ARE ALWAYS WELCOME TO ALL MEETINGS

All material in this Bulletin may be reprinted if properly credited - Exchange Bulletins are most welcome.

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OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS (2015):

President Vice President Secretary Treasurer Federation Director Director at Large Mineral Council Reps Seattle Regional Reps Newsletter - Editor Current Past President

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Bo Jeffers Richard Babcock Barry Nevin Diane Christensen Audrey Vogelpohl Audrey Vogelpohl Ken Schmidt Leroy Christensen Lyle Vogelpohl Mike Wall Michael O’Clair

(206) 248-1475 (206) 326-8951 (253) 945-7735 (206) 582-2267 (206) 932-3292 (206) 932-3292 (206) 932-3626 (206) 582-2267 (206) 932-3292 (206) 935-4953 (206) 938-1541

Leroy Christensen <Vice President> <Open> <Open> <Open> Donn Ullery

(206) 582-2267 <Vice President>

<Open> <Open> <Open>

(206) 550-1318

May 2015 West Seattle Petroglyphs Page 2

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CLUB CALENDAR

May 27, 2014

Junior Meeting (6:00 pm)

Program: Working On Lapidary Arts Badge

General Meeting (7:00 pm)

Program: Wire Wrapping Video

Show & Tell: What you got at the show

Not Available At Press Time

PRESIDENT’S

MESSAGE

WHAT’S INSIDE

Club Calendar 3

President’s Message 3

Greetings Junior Rockhouds! 3

What Do Gold And Diamonds Have

In Common? 3

What’s Inside 3

General Meeting Minutes – April 4

How To Spot A Fake Piece Of Amber 5

May Refreshments 6

WSRC Member News 6

Giving an Old Rock Saw a Facelift 6

Shop Tips 9

Field Trips 10

Rock Shows 10

May 2015 West Seattle Petroglyphs Page 3

GREETINGS JUNIOR

ROCKHOUNDS!

Can’t wait to see you all at this month’s meeting on May 27th, 2015 at Tibbett’s Church, 3940 41st Ave SW in West Seattle. That’s 6:00 pm for the Juniors and 7:00 pm for the General meeting. Both the junior and general meetings will be focused on exploring the beauty and oppor-tunity in lapidary arts, with the Juniors working toward the Lapidary Arts badge. We’ll do a craft and talk about a variety of ways to create art with rocks and minerals. In addition, Audrey will be presenting the display case awards at the general meeting, so this is one you’ll not want to miss! Looking forward to seeing you all there! In Rock Solidarity ~ April Hichens Jrs WSRC Facilitator

WHAT DO GOLD AND

DIAMONDS HAVE

IN COMMON?

by Celia Tiffany

Diamond (a form of carbon) and gold are both classified as Native Elements on the Periodic Table of the Elements: that is they are among the few elements that occur in the Earth’s crust in a relatively pure, uncombined form.

Both crystallize in the cubic system.

Both most commonly occur as octahedral crys-tals.

Large deposits of each are mined in South Af-rica and in Australia.

Both are highly valued for use in jewelry, sci-ence, and industry.

Both have inspired exploration, exploitation and brutal conquests.

Both are outrageously overpriced, but dia-monds set in gold remain popular as a pledge of fidelity.

(via The Tumbler, 6/10; via The Quarry, 4/10, via Breccia, 2/10; via Rollin Rock, 2/10; via The Geode, 9/99)

WEST SEATTLE ROCK CLUB –

GENERAL MEETING MINUTES April 22, 2014

Business

The meeting was called to order by President Bo Jeffers. Don Rider reported there were 24 adult members, 11 junior members & 5 guests present. The following won a door prize; Arthur Ortiz, Rich Babcock, Bowie Hichens, Oz Hichens, Julie Ericson and Bill Ericson. Audrey Vogelpohl informed the guests if they are interested in joining our club, they should see her for an application. Bo asked if there were any corrections or additions to the previous minutes. There were several clarifications that needed to be made. Audrey said that the directories that will be available are the NFMS directories, not our clubs directory, and Lyle Vogelpohl mentioned that it was the legislative body who were able to watch the dredge working. Junior advisor April Hichens, reported that several juniors who had earned badges. Caitlin Gilman, Odessa Du-rante and Bowie Hichens all earned the “Earth and Space” badge. In order for juniors to earn badges, they must complete three requirements that are listed in their badge book. Parents are encouraged to help their juniors to complete the requirements in order to earn a badge. Normally two of the three requirements are completed dur-ing the juniors meeting, and the final requirement is done at home. April also reminded the juniors to get a "yellow sheet" from Audrey for their display case and to return it to Audrey prior to the show on Saturday morning. Audrey mentioned that Jon Spunaugle is the third regional vice president and is also the scholarship foundation treasurer in the American Federation, and Lyle Vogelpohl is the treasurer at the NW Federation. Lyle Vogelpohl shared a newspaper article about a dinosaur puppet at the NW Federation show in Utah. Lyle joked about the dinosaur puppet startling numerous kids at the show. There were 4500 people in attendance, and officers were elected. Lyle reported that he will be the treasurer again this year, and our webmaster, Donn Ullery got 4th place for our website. Lyle also reported that the Northwest Rockhound Retreat (held in the John Day country in Oregon) starts on Labor Day and offer eight different workshops. The charge of $327 includes your meals and an “A” frame cab-in. You only need to bring a sleeping bag and some clothes. See Lyle for an application if you are interested. Michael Wall, the Petroglyphs Editor, thanked Odessa Durante for her articles she wrote. Mike said to let him know if there is a certain topic you would like to see in the Petroglyphs. Audrey read an article about Keir Hichens (junior club member) finding a stickbug fossil at Stonerose, nearly two years ago. Dr. Archibald kept that specimen and Keir was recently credited for finding the first of this spe-cies. The fossil is named Eoprephasma Hichens in honor of Keir. Leroy Christensen mentioned that there is a fantastic field trip to McDermitt, NV (for 4 days) in June. Since there are many types of materials that are collected in that area, that should be a great field trip. Club members were reminded that if they have not signed up for snacks (or drinks), that there is a sign-up sheet available (at the meeting) or you can also go on sign up at signupgenius.com. Audrey also reported that Joe Moushey recently had surgery was recuperating at home. Get well soon Joe!

Show Information:

Leroy Christensen, show chairperson reported there are still volunteers needed for our show. Brooke Wagner volunteered to chair the Friday night dinner. Audrey said there's room for 8 more showcases, and that setup will begin at 9:30 am on Friday. The dealers will be there around 1:00 pm. Bo mentioned we are still in need hourly door prizes. John Spunaugle donated an amethyst ring that he made (faceted stones and silver work) and

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Valerie Legler donated a snowflake necklace during the meeting.

Show and Tell

Lyle Vogelpohl brought a table favor that he got at the Utah show made with material collected in Utah and ½ of a thunderegg (which will be the door prize)

Cooper Legler brought some lepidolite (that came from Brazil) that he got at a show in Wisconsin

Jon Spunaugle brought some faceted stones he had made for his granddaughters bridesmaids

Lola Smith brought a fossil, two rocks she got a the beach, a piece of obsidian and a report she wrote on garnets

Leroy Christensen brought a marble sphere and an extremely large sapphire

Molly LeBlanc brought a gigantic garnet

Rich Babcock brought some oddities from the beach

Brooke Wagner brought some jasper and some quartz she found at the beach

Bowie Hichens brought some amethyst

Diane Christensen brought some polka dot agate that looks like an underwater scene

JoAnn Churchman brought some blue lace agate from Africa made into earrings and a bracelet

Sofia Simpson-Khan brought some aragonite that she will display in her showcase

Laura Jones brought some rocks for her display case. She said the quartz rock was her favorite

Brooke Wagner won the drawing. The grab bags (for our show) were filled by the club members, refreshments were served, and the meeting was adjourned. Respectfully submitted, Diane Christensen WSRC Secretary

(Continued from page 4)

HOW TO SPOT A FAKE

PIECE OF AMBER

by Brian Miller

When I see amber I instantly think of the movie Jurassic Park. If you have seen the movie, you’ve seen the techniques used in extracting amber that’s been entombed for generations and finally unearthed for human eyes to see. Before and after the movie, many people took advantage by producing fakes. Since more precious amber is harder to come by these days, fakes have popped up all over the

market. Humanity has a sneaky way to mimic so called “amber” and it takes a keen eye or nose to figure out if you have a true piece. There is art to figuring out the fakes. Here are some simple techniques that might save you money and heartache.

Research has shown me, if amber is vigorously rubbed against fur, it will produce static and an aroma of pine. Many plastics may replicate the static but the smell of pine is always a good hint that it is genuine. Heating a pin and touching the side should produce that pine resin smell too; if you smell burnt

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May 2015 West Seattle Petroglyphs Page 6

MAY

REFRESHMENTS To access the site and sign up for bringing snacks and/or drinks go to:

http://www.SignUpGenius.com/go/4090C4AAEAA2DAA8-snacks/20750703

There are still spots left the latter part of the year Aug-Nov, so please signup if you have not already.

Here is who has signed up for May:

Snacks: Kat Koch (15-20) & Jennifer Durante (15-20) Drinks: Rosa Lefkowicz (30-40)

GIVING AN OLD ROCK

SAW A FACELIFT

by James Cerenzie

A few months ago I purchased, sight unseen, an old rock saw from our club. I picked it up from Bill Cook’s house, where upon initial inspection it was apparent that this thing hadn’t been used in quite awhile. The insides were a rusty, hardened, smelly old oil, thick coat of nastiness.

This however didn’t intimidate me. I like restoring old things to like new again. I have a second AAS degree in Automotive Collision Repair so I could see myself using these background skills in restoring this old machine.

So here is kind of a play-by-play version of what I did:

First I removed the lid, sight window, hinges, electric motors, wiring, pulleys, belts, and associated hardware. The next day I removed all the internals; carriage, clamp, arbor, saw collars, and associated hardware. I took lots of pictures with a digital camera for future use in putting everything back together again. As a side note, I could feel every roller turn in the arbor bearings, indicating that they were corroded from being idle for so long. However since there was absolutely no radial or axial play, and on the advice of two other people, I decided not to dismantle the arbor. I myself am a big fan of, “If it isn’t broke, don’t fix it”. So hopefully with some use the bearings will wear back smooth again.

The next step was to start cleaning the lid and tank. First I used a metal scraper to get all the thick coating of rusted gunk off the metal surfaces. I suggest doing this in the sun because it seemed to help soften the hardened crusty mess. I got as much off as I could to make the next step in the cleaning process easier.

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WSRC –

MEMBER NEWS

May Birthdays

Emerald with its bright green precious qualities pro-motes your being patient, determined and warm-hearted. Wearing emerald helps you remember the important stuff and practice flexibility to make the right actions.

5 - Judy Ayers 5 - Molly Le Blanc 11 - Bowie Hichens 11 - Ken Schmidt 14 - Kate Flanagan 24 - Cooper Legler 25 - Diane Christensen

June Birthdays

Pearl - Shows up how witty and eloquent you are. Pearls are also a symbol of youthful innocence and purity. 6 - Misty Tinsley 7 - Cheri Overman 18 - Shyla Durante 19 - Caitlyn Gilman

Using a metal scraper

plastic then it is obviously a fake. Another cool treatment is the water method. By mixing a large amount of salt with water in a bowl or bucket, your amber should float. If not, you may have another plastic fake. With all these useful techniques, it should be easier to spot a fake and find the true treasure.

(via The Tumbler, 5/`5; via The Golden Frog, 4/15)

(Continued from page 5)

May 2015 West Seattle Petroglyphs Page 7

Next I used a large wire brush, small wire brush, and POR 15 degreaser from the local auto body supply store. I did one panel at a time. First I liberally sprayed the POR 15 degreaser and than scrubbed all the remaining grease and oil off the metal surface. The small wire brush was used to get into the corners. If the POR 15 started to dry out while I was scrubbing, I sprayed it again to keep the surface wet. After wire brushing to remove the thick greasy areas, I then used a red scotch brite pad to scrub the area until I knew for certain it was clean. Then I would move to the next panel and repeat the process. When finished, the areas that were scrubbed will be dry. Don’t worry, because then all you do is turn on your garden hose and rinse it all off. It’s water based so you don’t have to worry about killing the salmon.

I want to stress how important and critical it is to remove every trace of oil and grease from the metal for good adhesion and to prevent “fish eyes” in the top coats of primer and paint to be applied later.

Next I used a Wax and Grease remover, specifically a product I purchased at the auto body supply store called U-POL made by Transtar, to wipe down the outer surface of the tank were the

(Continued from page 6) old green paint was applied. A cheaper alternative would have been to use Denatured Alcohol, but I didn’t have any. I wiped down the old green paint to ensure no contamination getting impregnated into the metal when I mechanically stripped the old paint off with a poly carbide wheel on an angle grinder. Poly carbide wheels work great because removing the old paint is quick and not messy or toxic like paint stripper. I also used a poly carbide wheel on a drill motor to remove the scale rust inside the lid and tank. These wheels are cheapest at Harbor Freight.

Next step was mixing a ratio of 4 parts water to 1 part cheap white vinegar from the grocery store. I poured this mixture in an empty spray bottle and liberally sprayed all bare metal surfaces and scrubbed vigorously with a red scotch brite pad. This serves three purposes, to clean, to kill any rust hiding in the pores of the metal, and to etch the metal for good adhesion of the epoxy primer. There are other more expensive ways to do this, but the vinegar/water mixture is effective and non toxic. Certainly good enough for a rock saw. Now, let the vinegar/water mixture dry at least 15 minutes. You’ll end up with an ugly, rusty looking mess. This isn’t rust so don’t panic. Next take your garden hose or a bucket of clean water and rinse it off while scrubbing the orange looking stuff off with a scotch brite pad again until all traces of the orange rusty looking stuff is gone. Then wipe it all dry with a clean shop towel. I let it dry thoroughly over night. You now have a surface ready for the next step.

The next morning I again used the Transtar U-POL wax and grease remover and wiped down the inside of the lid and entire tank. Again, cleanliness of the metal is of utmost importance. I’ll also mention again Denatured Alcohol would work as it’s not so cost prohibitive and as toxic. I then masked off the top of the lid with white masking paper and green masking tape. It’s important to mention this because newspaper or hardware store masking paper won’t work; It will disintegrate when urethane based paint comes in contact with it. Next

(Continued on page 8)

Using POR 15 degreaser; wire brushes,

and red scotch brite

Rinsing with water, notice the bare clean

metal

POR 15 cleaner/degreaser, Polycarbide wheels on angle grinder and drill motor

Scrubbing bare metal with water/vinegar

mixture

Water/vinegar mixture dried on bare metal.

Don’t panic!

May 2015 West Seattle Petroglyphs Page 8

I mixed Transtar 2K epoxy primer/sealer that was also purchased at the auto body store. After mixing, I loaded up my spray gun and shot two coats on. I used epoxy because it has a high resistance to rock chips, oil and grease. Auto restorers use it to paint frames and suspension parts for that reason. Another side note. I like to use Transtar products because they are no different than the major brand names where reliability is concerned. The main difference is that you’re not paying Jeff Gordon’s or Penske Racing’s sponsorship. Also think Craftsman vs. Snap-on.

After the epoxy primer/sealer was cured overnight, I scuffed it with a red scotch brite pad and then wiped it down again with the before mentioned wax and grease remover. I then proceeded to dig out some old leftover Dupont “Island Teal” color paint and Transtar clear coat that had been sitting on my shelf for 11 years. WAY past its shelf life. I had used it many years ago to paint a ’68 Camaro I restored that has long since been sold. But what the heck! It’s only a rock saw, so I thought I’d use it instead of throwing it away and buying new paint. So I went ahead and mixed the color and shot three coats inside/outside the tank and under the lid. I then proceeded to clean the spray gun, mix the clear, and shoot three coats over the color.

I then let the paint cure nice and harden for a week before putting the saw all back together. Assembly began with cleaning all the nuts, bolts, and hardware. Also I went to the hardware store and bought some neoprene washers you find in the plumbing section. The reason for this is I wanted to use something that will create a good seal where

(Continued from page 7)

the bolts penetrate through the tank for mounting the internal and external components. I read somewhere that a guy who restores lapidary equipment uses neoprene. Also, I purchased some new electrical cord to replace the old cracked and worn out cord that goes from a switch to a power outlet on the back of the saw and from the switch to the wall outlet. Also went to the auto parts store and bought some auto body seam sealer for sealing around the sight window on the lid. I hope this works because I don’t know how seam sealer will withstand mineral oil. But I’ll find out. Also bought some new drive belts for the saw blade and carriage clamp feeder.

Next I went ahead and installed the carriage, arbor, and drive pulleys. Basically the reverse order of disassembly. I mounted the saw blade on the arbor to see how it looked and hand spun the blade pulley to find out that the blade wobbled side-to-side. I took the blade back off and laid it on a flat stone and it was dished/warped. So after consulting with Rich Russell, I ordered a new 14" MK-303 blade. Ouch.

Rich also told me that the electric motor should be around 1750 rpm. That night when I looked at the motor that came with the saw, a Sears Craftsman, it was a 3450 rpm motor. So my guess it had spun the blade too fast, overheated, and warped it. Hence the reason this saw sat unused for so long. Luckily I had an old vintage AC motor that spins at 1750 rpm, and it’s period correct for this saw. Next I

(Continued on page 9)

The epoxy primer sealer components I

used

Shooting on the second coat of epoxy primer/

sealer

The clear coat components

Shooting on the final clear coat

Not bad for 11 year old paint!

May 2015 West Seattle Petroglyphs Page 9

few minutes, then give it a second polish.

Mother-of-pearl for inlay work can be softened by a soaking in white vinegar. It then can be easily cut

If you have sore hands from hard rock mining, soak your hands in warm vinegar water and the swelling and soreness will disappear.

Dark household vinegar will dissolve epoxy glue by soaking overnight.

Heard around the faceting table: spray vinegar on lap while polishing with water — or mix 50/50 water & vinegar in your water cup. This lowers the pH, giving a faster and better shine.

(via The Tumbler, 9/14; via Roc Toc, 9/08; via Rockhound Rumblin’s, 11/00; via Stone Age News, 9/OO; via Rocket City Rocks & Gems, 6/99)

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Rock Tumblers —Not Just For Tumbling Rocks

All of us are probably familiar with or have heard about rock tumblers used for grinding, sanding, and polishing rocks. Interestingly enough this same tumbler can be used to clean and polish jewelry using a process that’s short, clean, and simple. Instead of using multiple silicon carbide grits you simply use a mixture of stainless steel shot, water, and soap. Here’s all that you need. A small barrel tumbler. You will need some steel shot and some Dawn liquid soap(1/2 tsp) and water to cover jewelry. Tumble about 2 hours drain water and rinse.

(via The Tumbler 5/15; via The Golden Frog, 2/14; via Silverandstone’s Blog, 12/7/10)

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Don’t Get Lost

Don’t get lost! In an open space where the ground is level, drive a stake into the ground. Mark the tip of the shadow that the stake casts with a small rock. Wait at least 10 minutes, then place another rock at the tip of the shadow. The line joining the two rocks will always run east/west no matter what time of day or year!

(via The Tumbler, 3/13; via The Pegmatite, 5/12; via The Rockhound Gazette, 11/11)

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Cleaning Eyeglasses

Silicon treated tissues for cleaning eyeglasses do a great job in removing fingerprints from polished stones. (via The Tumbler 3/13; via The Strata Data, 10/00; via GCLFS Newsletter, 5/00; via The Drift, 5/00)

devised a plan to mount it under the utility cart, then installed it.

Lastly I installed the lid and filled it up with mineral oil. I loaded a piece of Glass Buttes Rainbow Obsidian and turned it on. As seen from the picture it came out beautifully.

I hope this article helps anyone wanting to take on such a project or just to simply clean your rock saw. This was certainly a learning process for me pertaining to rock saws. References:

A good article about rock saws: http://home.comcast.net/~eugenemineralclub/rocksaws.pdf

A poly carbide wheel in action: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6XnIg1yECQ

Cleaning metal and neutralizing rust with vinegar. WARNING, this guy uses “salty” language, but he knows his stuff:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=872FDKzIZuk

And special thanks to Rich Russell, who put up with my many questions and turned me on to this saw.

(via The Tumbler, 9/14)

The mounted motor The first slab

SHOP TIPS

Editor’s Note: Shop tips featured in this bulletin have not been evaluated for safety or reliability. Please use caution and common sense when trying out any new idea.

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Vinegar—Not Just For Salads

One way to remove carbonates such as calcite from quartz and amethyst is to cover the specimen with fresh vinegar and allow to stand overnight. Repeat if necessary. Wash and then place crystals in washing type ammonia for 8.5 hours. Remove, rinse thoroughly, wipe and air dry.

For the gloss finish on tiger-eye, polish once, dry the stone, then put a drop of vinegar on it. Let stand for a

How Can You Help

Your Federation: Save stamps and give to our club treasurer. Your Hobby: Join ALAA. - Contact Lyle Vogelpohl

Other: Volunteer to teach beginners what you are good at.

To Learn More About ...

Cabbing … contact Lyle Vogelpohl … (206) 932-3292

2015 SHOWS

Jun 5 10am-5pm Puyallup Valley Gem and Mineral Club – Annual Show Jun 6 10am-5pm Swiss Park, 9205 198th Avenue East, Bonney Lake, Wa Jun 7 10am-5pm

Jun 13 10am-5pm Butte Mineral and Gem Club – Annual Show Jun 14 10am-5pm Butte Civic Center Annex, 1340 Harrison Ave., Butte MT Jul 24 9am-6pm Washington Agate and Mineral Society – Annual Show Jul 25 9am-6pm Parkside Elementary School, 301 Central Ave., E, Tenino, Wa Jul 26 9am-5pm

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See the Northwest Newsletter for additional show listings and times. Available online at: http://www.amfed.org/nfms/documents/NorthwestNewsletter/NW0315.PDF

May 2015 West Seattle Petroglyphs Page 10

2015 FIELD TRIPS

June 15 Spokane Rock Rollers Field Trip – Emerald Creek – 9:00 @ Emerald Creek Star Garnet Area,

Idaho – Tweezers - contact Mike Shaw — mikeshawmoose@yahoo.com —509-244-8542

June 21-24 Spokane Rock Rollers Field Trip – McDermitt, NV – Call – Picture Jasper, Petrofied Wood, Agate, Thundereggs – Dig & Light hard rock tools - contact Mike Shaw — mikeshawmoose@yahoo.com —509-244-8542

June 25-28 All Rockhounds Pow Wow Club of America — Madras, OR – 8:00 @ Fairgrounds – Dues Required: $7.50 each or $15 for family—Petrified Wood Agate, Jasper, T-Eggs, $1# – contact Larry Vess—vesse13@comcast.net — 253-473-3908

July 10-13 Hells Canyon Gem Club Field Trip – Clarkia, Idaho – One day travel each way from Western Washington—Must join HC Club to attend – Large garnets, quartz crystals – Dig & Light hard rock tools - contact Dan Cease — rockmangwem@q.com — 509-254-1720

————————————————————————————————————— See WSMC http://www.mineralcouncil.org/FieldTrips_2015.pdf for additional field trips and details