black_en_ed4_20100608

MAXITHEN®

Black

Product Range

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MAXITHEN® Black

The Black Masterbatch Standard Range

Gabriel-Chemie offers a range of black masterbatches based upon polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and a universal carrier system.

These masterbatches are commonly used at dosage levels of 1% to 5% or more, depending on the technical application, opacity requirements and thickness of the end product.

Our products offer extremely high pigment dispersion and colour distribution, both with and without Antiblock.

Products declared as food approved contain selected raw materials which meet the specifications of the Commission Directive 2007/19/EC of the European Union and many other toxicity and food contact regulations.

Please contact us to get a Letter of Conformity about food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical regulations, or or to receive technical or material safety datasheets.

Our black masterbatch standard range is based on pigment black (carbon black) and is designed to provide high-temperature stability, excellent dispersion, especially for thin film and sheet extrusion types and low screen-blocking performance even at high addition levels.

Pigment black loadings up to 50 percent are offered in our standard range, giving our customers the advantage of having to add less and thereby save costs as well as reducing inventory.

Our black masterbatch range was developed for a broad field of applications and markets.

Our products are sold to markets like food and industrial packaging films, pipes, containers, crates, cables, tapes, fibres, yarns and agricultural films, which require high weather fastness and conformity with international normative standards, as well as to the injection moulding of electronic parts, where high gloss and intensive blackness are demanded.

All MAXITHEN® masterbatches are supplied as conform and non dusting pellets in order to avoid contamination problems and to enable our customers a secure and clean handling and environment.

Please contact us if you do not find your product of interest, or if you need tailor-customised black masterbatches.

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MAXITHEN® Black

Definition of Pigment Blacks

Pigment Black is a microcrystalline, fine particle size carbon of high purity. Pigment black (commonly known as “carbon black”) is manufactured through the incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of aromatic oils or other fluids or through gaseous hydrocarbons.

Pigment black shows a primary particle size between 10 and 500 nm, depending on the processing methods used, whereas blacks with 20 - 100 nm are commonly used for masterbatches in the plastics industry. The three most important methods of producing pigment blacks are the furnace-black process, the gas-black process and the lamp-black process. A wide range of speciality pigment blacks result from these three production methods.

These pigments are classified with regard to their primary particle size, structure, surface and surface chemistry. Such parameters influence colouristic and reinforcement properties, rheology, dispersion, electrical conductivity and so forth. Furnace Blacks are most frequently used in the plastics industry.

The main market for pigment blacks worldwide is the rubber industry where carbon black is used as an essential reinforcement agent and for UV stabilisation up to a dosage of 6 % or above for the manufacture of tyres for automotive, airplane and industrial usage.

ASTM Classification of Pigment Blacks

201 - 500MT (Medium Thermal)N900

101 – 200FT (Fine Thermal)N800

61 – 100SRF (Semi Reinforcing Furnace)N700

49 – 60GPF (General Purpose Furnace)N600

40 – 48FEF (Fast Extruding Furnace)N500

31 – 39XCF (Extra Conductive Furnace)N400

26 – 30HAF (High Abrasion Furnace)N300

20 – 25ISAF (Intermediate Super Abrasion Furnace)N200

11 – 19SAF (Super Abrasion Furnace)N100

particle size(nm)

DescriptionASTM Code

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MAXITHEN® Black

ASTM Classification of Pigment Blacks (Cont’d)

The pigment blacks for the rubber industry are characterised by one letter and three digits, for example: N 762

The letter designates the influence of the pigment on the vulcanisation process in a rubber blend (sulphur content):N = normal curing (means higher sulphur content in the pigment) S = slower curing (means lower sulphur content in the pigment)

The first digit features the particle size (ASTM D 3849) and/or the specific surface area (ASTM D 3037) which is typical for the pigment black:

-201 - 5009

-101 – 2008

17 - 3361 – 1007

26 – 4249 – 606

36 - 5240 – 485

43 – 6931 – 394

95 – 115 (Channel Black)

70 – 90 (Furnace Black)

26 – 303

110 - 14020 – 252

125 – 15511 – 191

> 1551 - 100

surface (m2/g)particle size (nm)1. digit

The second and third digit are chosen at random and characterise the special qualities of the pigment:

e.g.: higher and/or lower structure or no discoloration

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MAXITHEN® Black

Jetness (Blackness), Colour Strength and Colour Shade (Hue) of Pigment Blacks

Jetness, blackness, colour strength, colour shade, hue etc. are commonly used words when it comes to the black colouring of plastics. They are explained below.

Jetness represents the blackness - the intensity of the black colouration - achievable with a pigment black. The lower the degree of light refraction and light diffusion, the greater the colour depth. Colour strength is the degree to which pigment blacks can darken or blacken other colouring components - in contrast to white pigments, which are used to lighten colours as for example in a grey colouration. If a colour is only to be darkened, regardless if it is white or another colour, we speak of toning or hueing. Jetness and (theoretically) colour strength tend to increase as the primary particle size and structure of the pigments decreases.

When colouring plastics with pigment blacks, a certain colour shade (bluish or brownish, depending on the type of pigment) occurs besides the blackening effect. When plastics are blackened in a pure tone, one must distinguish between surface appearance and opacity.

UV Protection Blacks

The degree of UV protection provided by a pigment black depends on the type used and usually improves with increasing carbon black concentration in the article.

Polyolefins in particular suffer damage from UV light. Trials using polyethylene have shown that a 2% concentration of a sufficiently fine pigment black will deliver adequate UV protection. Considering a safety margin, the upper concentration limit is, as a general rule, 2.5 %. The particle size of UV protection pigment blacks is fine, around 20nm.

The information above refers to the pigment black content in the final article and this can be converted using the concentration values of our black masterbatches (see table).

For outdoor applications with a defined service life expectation, only UV protection pigment blacks with fine particle size and high chemical purity should be chosen and used in combination with light stabilisers.

UV stabilisers should only be combined with the products indicated, which contain a particular UV protection pigment black only (see “product features”), because these products contain a special fine particle size pigment black with very low sulphur content. Sulphur considerably reduces the effectiveness of UV stabilisers through interaction.

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MAXITHEN® Black

F, B, I+40PE+n.s.HP 97041

thick-walled articles, PE, PP, PA, Soft PVC, PS, SB, ABS, POM

+n.s.universal-50UN 9121

thin films, filaments-20PP-35PP 98101/35F

Universal

Polystyrene and Impact Polystyrene

Polypropylene

Polyethylene

B, I-n.s.PP-40PP 99727

extrusion + injection+n.s.PS-31PS 99640

extrusion + injection-n.s.PS+40PS 99630

thick-walled articles, PE, PP, PA, Soft PVC, PS, SB, ABS, POM

-n.s.universal-50UN 99697

ApplicationFoodWSµm

ResinABCB %MAXITHEN®

thin films, fibre, UV protection

F, B, I, UV protection

F, B, I

F, B, I, recycling

F, B, I

FDA conform, F, B, I

F,B,I, recycling, excellent jetness

cable, potable water pipes, UV protection, 2 % AO

+20PE-40HP 99611F

+30PE-40HP 99611

PE

PE

PE

PE

PE

PE

-30+50HP 99601

-30+40HP 99581

+40-40HP 98001AO

-40+40HP 99591

++-40HP 98811

-40+25HP 98211

Abbreviations:

WS minimum wall thickness AB Antiblock content Food food approved

AO Antioxidant CB Carbon Black Content n.s. not specified

UV protection = compatible with UV Masterbatches

Application: F= Film, B= Blow Moulding, I= Injection Moulding,

All, in the table above table, as food approved declared products meet the regulatory demands for food contact applications of the European Union (Commission Directive 2002/72/EC including the amendment 2007/19/EC). The regulatory status for other countries is available on request. Our Product MAXITHEN®

HP98811 fulfils in addition to European regulations, the demands of the FDA 21 CFR §178.3297.

Note:

Further information on black masterbatches suitable for the cable industry is available on request.

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MAXITHEN® Black

Product Features (1)

MAXITHEN® HP 97041 Blackcontains carbon black with excellent colour strength, similar to 40% SRF carbon black in combination with mineral filler acting as an Antiblock, dispersed in polyethylene. It is suitable for food approved colouration of Polyolefins by film extrusion and injection moulding. The main application is for packaging film and thick-walled articles. It is not recommended for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

MAXITHEN® HP 98001 AO Blackcontains 40% fine particle size UV protection pigment black with excellent jetness and colour strength, and 2% long-term antioxidant, dispersed in polyethylene. It is suitable for the colouration of polyolefins in the extrusion and injection moulding process. The main applications are: cable sheeting, potable water pipes or irrigation systems for agriculture. It is suitable for the UV protection of polyolefins, and especially for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

MAXITHEN® HP 98211 Blackcontains 25% HAF pigment black with good colour strength und excellent jetness (blackness), dispersed in polyethylene, and is very economic in application. It is suitable for the colouration of polyolefins in the film extrusion and injection moulding process, as well as for the colouration of recycling materials. It is not recommended for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

MAXITHEN® HP 98811 Blackcontains 40% fine particle size cabon black with high chemical purity and with excellent jetness and colour strength, dispersed in polyethylene. It is suitable for the colouration of polyolefins in the film extrusion and injection moulding process. The main applications are articles with direct food contact which are in compliance with FDA 21 CFR §178.3297 and EU Directive 2002/72/EC.

MAXITHEN® HP 99581 Blackcontains 40% SRF pigment black with good colour strength in combination with mineral filler acting as an Antiblock, dispersed in polyethylene. It is suitable for the colouration of polyolefins in the film extrusion and injection moulding process. The main application is for packaging film and thick-walled articles. It is not recommended for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

MAXITHEN® HP 99591 Blackcontains 40% SRF pigment black with good colour strength in combination with mineral filler acting as an Antiblock, dispersed in polyethylene. It is suitable for the colouration of polyolefins in the film extrusion and injection moulding process. The main application is in packaging film and thick-walled articles. It is not recommended for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

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MAXITHEN® BlackProduct Features (2)

MAXITHEN® HP 99601 Blackcontains 50% SRF pigment black with good colour strength in combination with mineral filler acting as an Antiblock, dispersed in polyethylene. It is suitable for the colouration of polyolefins in the film extrusion and injection moulding process. The main application is in packaging film and thick-walled articles. It is not recommended for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

MAXITHEN® HP 99611 Blackcontains 40% fine particle size UV protection pigment black with high chemical purity and with excellent jetness and colour strength, dispersed in polyethylene. It is suitable for the colouration of polyolefins in the film extrusion and injection moulding process. The main applications are in outdoor applications like, for example, agricultural film, mulch film, lamination, sheeting, piping, profiles, and long lasting injection moulding and blow moulding articles. It is especially suitable for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

MAXITHEN® HP 99611F Blackcontains 40% fine particle size carbon black with a high chemical purity and with excellent jetness and colour strength, dispersed in polyethylene. The special production method ensures an optimum dispersion quality. It is suitable for the colouration of polyolefins in film extrusion and textile applications. The main application is for thin films, monofilaments, woven tapes and fibres. It is especially suitable for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

MAXITHEN® PP 98101/35F Blackcontains 35% fine particle size UV protection pigment black with a high chemical purity and good colour strength, dispersed in polypropylene. An optimum pigment black dispersion is achieved by a special production method. It is suitable for the economic colouration of polypropylene in textile applications. The main application is for very thin films, yarns and textile filaments (BCF - Bulk Continuous Filament). It is not recommended for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

MAXITHEN® PP 99727 Blackcontains 40% SRF pigment black with good colour strength, dispersed in polypropylene. It is suitable for the colouration of polypropylene in the extrusion and injection moulding process. The main application is for long lasting thick-walled articles like, for example sheets, pipes, profiles, fittings, containers, covers and other technical articles. It is not recommended for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

MAXITHEN® PS 99630 Blackcontains 40% pigment black with good colour strength, dispersed in polystyrene. Is suitable for the colouration of crystal clear GPPS (General Purpose Polystyrene) and HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) for injection moulding and extrusion. Main application is for injection, sheets and other articles. Not recommended for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

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MAXITHEN® Black

Product Features (3)

MAXITHEN® PS 99640 Blackcontains 31% fine particle size UV protection pigment black with a high chemical purity and with excellent jetness and colour strength, dispersed in polystyrene. It is suitable for the colouration of crystal clear GPPS and HIPS for injection moulding and extrusion. The main application is for long lasting articles like, for example, films, sheets, pipes, profiles, fittings, containers, covers and other technical articles. It is suitable for UV protection of GPPS and HIPS, especially suitable for combinations with UV stabiliser masterbatches.

UNIMAX® UN 9121 BlackUniversal black masterbatch, 50 % pigment black with excellent jetness and colour strength, high opacity and thermal stability, dispersed in an universal carrier system. Especially developed for thick-walled applications for injection moulding, extrusion and blow moulding. This product has been specifically engineered for use in nearly all thermoplastic polymers and is recommended up to a maximum dosage of 2%. It is main recommended for polyolefins, soft PVC, GPPS, HIPS, ABS, PA, POM.

UNIMAX® UN 99697 BlackUniversal black masterbatch, 50 % pigment black with good jetness and colour strength, high opacity and thermal stability, dispersed in an universal carrier system. It has been especially developed for thick-walled applications for injection moulding, extrusion and blow moulding. This product has been specifically engineered for use in nearly all thermoplastic polymers and is recommended up to a maximum dosage of 2%. e.g. in polyolefins, soft PVC, GPPS, HIPS, ABS, PA, POM.

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MAXITHEN® Black

Technical Application (1)

Influence of MAXITHEN® HP 99611 on the Light Stability of PP Tapes

POLYMER: PP HomopolymerSPECIMEN: PP Tapes, 50 µm thicknessEXPOSURE: WOM (dry), 60°C bptCRITERION: 50 % tensile strength

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

WOM hours

3% PP 79570 UV

1,5% PP 79870/20 UV

1,5% PP 79021/20 UV

0,5% PP 79021/20 UV

without

6% HP 99611 1,6% HP 99611 0,30% HP 99611 natural

Influence of MAXITHEN® HP99611 on the Light Stability of PP Sheets (2mm)

POLYMER: PP HomopolymerSPECIMEN: PP Sheets, 2mm thicknessEXPOSURE: Florida, 45° South, until 400 kLyCRITERION: beginning of chalking

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

kLy Florida

3% PP 79570 UV

1,5% PP 79870/20 UV

1,5% PP 79021/20 UV

0,5% PP 79021/20 UV

without

6% HP 99611 1,6% HP 99611 0,3% HP 99611 natur

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MAXITHEN® Black

Technical Application (2)

Alteration of Opacity of LDPE Film through Colouration with MAXITHEN® HP 99611 BlackMeasurement: Translucer TL 03

Alteration of Opacity of LDPE Film through Colouration with MAXITHEN® HP 99581 BlackMeasurement: Translucer TL 03

0

20

40

60

80

100

30 60 90 120 150 180

natural

0,50% HP 99611

1,25% HP 99611

2,5o% HP 99611

5,00% HP 99611

Tra

nsm

issi

on

(%

)

thickness (Micron)

0

20

40

60

80

100

30 60 90 120 150 180

natural

0,50% HP 99581

1,25% HP 99581

2,50% HP 99581

5,00% HP 99581

Tra

nsm

issio

n (

%)

thickness (Micron)

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MAXITHEN® Black

Technical Application (3)

UV-Transmission of LDPE Film (30 µm)Measurement: Phyma PC0X

UV Transmission of LDPE Film (60 µm) Measurement: Phyma PC0X

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

90,00

250 400 550 700 850 1000

natural

0,50% HP 99581

0,50% HP 99611

1,25% HP 99581

1,25% HP 99611

Tra

nsm

issi

on

(%

)

Wavelength (nm)

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

250 400 550 700 850 1000

natural

0,50% HP 99581

0,50% HP 99611

1,25% HP 99581

1,25% HP 99611Tra

nsm

issio

n (

%)

Wavelength (nm)

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MAXITHEN® Black

This product information supercedes all indications in the relevant technical data sheets. All indications in this product information were elaborated for support and service to our customers. All data and statements in this product information have been obtained from laboratory tests under ideal and closely controlled conditions. The information should act as a guide only and should not be construed as guaranteeing specific properties or suitability for a particular application. Therefore, trials by customers using their polymers and their conditions must confirm the suitability of our product for the intended application.

Technical Service

Black Masterbatches

06/2010

black_en_ed4_20100608.ppt

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Contacts

Our net of AGENTS and DISTRIBUTORS is listed on our website:www.gabriel-chemie.com

Gabriel-Chemie Gesellschaft m.b.H.Industriestrasse 1

A-2352 GumpoldskirchenT +43 (0)2252 / 636 30-0F +43 (0)2252 / 627 25-0www.gabriel-chemie.cominfo@gabriel-chemie.com

Gabriel-Chemie Deutschland GmbHRitzenschattenhalb 1D-87480 Weitnau/OberallgäuT +49 (0)8375 / 9201-0F +49 (0)8375 / 9201-6030info@de.gabriel-chemie.com

Gabriel-Chemie UK LTDTransfesa RoadPaddock Wood. Kent, TN 12 6 UTT +44 (0)1892 / 83 65 66F +44 (0)1892 / 83 69 79info@uk.gabriel-chemie.com

Gabriel-Chemie Bohemia s.r.o.K Lihovaru 172CZ-533 41 Láznĕ BohdanečT +420 46 / 604 92 01F +420 46 / 604 92 04info@cz.gabriel-chemie.com

Gabriel-Chemie Hungária Kft.Debreceni ut 269H-4400 NyiregyhazaT +36 42 / 594 080F +36 42 / 594 081info@hu.gabriel-chemie.com

OOO Gabriel-Chemie RUS 2poc. Dorohovo, Ruzsky raionMoskovskaya st. d.8RU-143160 RussiaT +7 495 231 12 81F +7 495 231 12 81info@ru.gabriel-chemie.com

Gabriel-Chemie Polska sp. z o.o.ul. Obywatelska 128/15294-104 ŁódźT +48 422537354F +48 422537353info@pl.gabriel-chemie.com

Gabriel-Chemie Romania S.R.L.Timisoara, Loc. ChisodaDN 59 Km8 +550 m stangaCod 307221 RomaniaT +40 371 178 247F +40 356 004 821info@ro.gabriel-chemie.com

Gabriel-Chemie Representation CroatiaKaptol 24HR-10000 Zagreb, HrvatskaT +385 1 48 28 175F +385 1 48 28 176d.vuga@hr.gabriel-chemie.com