MAX WEBER
description
Transcript of MAX WEBER
![Page 1: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MAX WEBER
(1864-1920)by Dr. Frank Elwell
![Page 2: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
NOTE:This presentation is based on the theories of
Max Weber as presented in his books listed in the bibliography. A complete summary of Weber’s theories (as well as the theories of other macro-theorists) can be found in Macrosociology: The Study of Sociocultural Systems, by Frank W. Elwell. If you would like to receive a .pdf file of the chapter on Weber please write me at [email protected] and put Weber.pdf in the subject line.
![Page 3: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
SOCIAL ACTIONMAX WEBER CONCEIVED OF SOCIOLOGY AS
A COMPREHENSIVE SCIENCE OF SOCIAL ACTION. HE SAID THERE ARE FOUR TYPES:
ZWECKRATIONALWERTRATIONALAFFECTIVE TRADITIONAL
![Page 4: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ZWECKRATIONALGOAL ORIENTED RATIONAL BEHAVIOR.
ACTION IN WHICH BOTH THE GOAL AND THE MEANS ARE RATIONALLY CHOSEN. YOU HAVE A GOAL,YOU TAKE RATIONAL STEPS TO ACHIEVE IT. ANOTHER NAME FOR THIS IS “TECHNOCRATIC THINKING.”
![Page 5: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WERTRATIONALVALUE-ORIENTED RATIONALITY IS
CHARACTERIZED BY STRIVING FOR A GOAL, WHICH IN ITSELF MAY NOT BE RATIONAL, BUT WHICH IS NONETHELESS PURSUED THROUGH RATIONAL MEANS.
![Page 6: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
AFFECTIVE ACTION THAT IS ANCHORED IN THE
EMOTIONAL STATE OF THE ACTOR RATHER THAN IN THE RATIONAL WEIGHING OF MEANS AND ENDS.
![Page 7: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TRADITIONALACTION GUIDED BY CUSTOMARY HABITS OF
THOUGHT, BY RELIANCE ON THE "ETERNAL YESTERDAY."
![Page 8: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SOCIAL ACTIONWEBER WAS PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH
MODERN WESTERN SOCIETY, IN WHICH, AS HE SAW IT, BEHAVIOR HAD COME TO BE DOMINATED INCREASINGLY BY GOAL-ORIENTED RATIONALITY.
![Page 9: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SOCIAL ACTIONIN MODERN SOCIETY THE EFFICIENT
APPLICATION OF MEANS TO ENDS HAS BECOME PREDOMINANT AND HAS REPLACED OTHER SPRINGS OF SOCIAL ACTION.
![Page 10: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
SOCIAL ACTIONWEBER PROPOSED THAT THE BASIC
DISTINGUISHING MARKS OF MODERN WESTERN MAN WERE BEST VIEWED IN TERMS OF CHARACTERISTIC SHIFTS IN HUMAN ACTION.
![Page 11: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
THE IDEAL TYPEAN IDEAL TYPE IS AN ANALYTICAL
CONSTRUCT THAT SERVES THE SOCIAL INVESTIGATOR AS A MEASURING ROD TO ASCERTAIN THE SIMILARITIES AS WELL AS DEVIATIONS IN CONCRETE CASES.
![Page 12: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
THE IDEAL TYPETHE IDEAL TYPE INVOLVES AN
ACCENTUATION OF THE "LOGICALLY CONSISTENT" INSTITUTION. IT IS A LOGICALLY PRECISE AND COHERNET WHOLE, THAT CAN NEVER BE FOUND AS SUCH IN REALITY.
![Page 13: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
IDEAL CAPITALISMPRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF ALL POTENTIALLY
PROFITABLE ACTIVITIESINDIVIDUAL ACTORS SEEKING TO
MAXIMIZE THEIR PROFITCOMPETITION BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND
FIRMSGOVERNMENT KEEPS ITS HANDS OUT OF
THE MARKETPLACE, OR LAISSEZ FAIRE
![Page 14: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
BUREAUCRACY
BUREAUCRATIC COORDINATION OF HUMAN ACTIONS IS THE DISTINCTIVE MARK OF MODERN SOCIAL STRUCTURE.
![Page 15: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IDEAL BUREAUCRACYHIERARCHYIMPERSONALITYWRITTEN RULES OF CONDUCTACHIEVEMENTSPECIALIZED DIVISION OF LABOREFFICIENCY
![Page 16: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TYPES OF AUTHORITY:RATIONAL-LEGALTRADITIONAL AUTHORITYCHARISMATIC
![Page 17: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CAUSALITY WEBER FIRMLY BELIEVED IN SOCIOLOGICAL
CAUSALITY, BUT HE EXPRESSED CAUSALITY IN TERMS OF PROBABILITY.
![Page 18: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CAUSALITY"WE ASSOCIATE THE HIGHEST MEASURE OF
AN EMPIRICAL 'FEELING OF FREEDOM' WITH THOSE ACTIONS WHICH WE ARE CONSCIOUS OF PERFORMING RATIONALLY."
![Page 19: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CAUSALITYPREDICTION BECOMES POSSIBLE ONLY
WITHIN A SYSTEM OF CONCEPTUALIZATIONS THAT EXCLUDES CONCERN FOR MANY CONCRETE FACTS.
![Page 20: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CAUSALITYWEBER ARGUED THAT MARX HAD
PRESENTED AN OVERLY SIMPLIFIED SCHEME THAT COULD NOT ADEQUATLY TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE COMLEX WEB OF CAUSATION LINKING SOCIAL STRUCTURES AND IDEAS.
![Page 21: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
IDEALISM-MATERIALISMTHERE IS NO PRE-ESTABLISHED LINKAGE
BETWEEN THE CONTENT OF AN IDEA AND THE MATERIAL INTERESTS OF THOSE WHO BECOME ITS CHAMPION, BUT AN "ELECTIVE AFFINITY" MAY ARISE BETWEEN THE TWO.
![Page 22: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
IDEALISM-MATERIALISMWEBER ATTEMPTED TO SHOW THAT THE
RELATIONS BETWEEN IDEAS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURES WERE MULTIPLE AND VARIED, AND THAT CAUSAL CONNECTION WENT IN BOTH DIRECTIONS. HE GAVE GREATER WEIGHT TO THE INFLUENCE AND INTERACTION OF IDEAS AND VALUES ON SOCIO-CULTURAL EVOLUTION.
![Page 23: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PROTESTANT ETHICTHE PROBLEMS POSED BY MODERN SOCIETY
WERE FOREMOST IN WEBER'S MIND, AND IN THIS CONNECTION HE CONCEIVED THE SHIFT FROM TRADITIONAL TO RATIONAL ACTION. HE MAINTAINED THAT THE RATIONALIZATION OF ACTION CAN ONLY BE REALIZED WHEN TRADITIONAL WAYS OF LIFE ARE ABANDONED.
![Page 24: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
PROTESTANT ETHICTHE PROTESTANT ETHIC BROKE THE HOLD
OF TRADITION WHILE IT ENCOURAGED MEN TO APPLY THEMSELVES RATIONALLY TO THEIR WORK. WHILE WBER MAINTAINED THAT THERE WERE SEVERAL MATERIAL CAUSES TO THE RISE OF CAPITALISM, IDEAS AND IDEOLOGIES PLAYED A ROLE.
![Page 25: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
BUREAUCRACY: DYSFUNCTIONSWEBER WAS VERY CONCERNED ABOUT THE
IMPACT THAT BUREAUCRATIZATION HAD ON HUMAN CULTURE. HE NOTED SEVERAL DYSFUNCTIONS: OLIGARCHY RATIONALITY DEHUMANIZATION IRRATIONALITY FACTOR
![Page 26: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
OLIGARCHYBY ITS VERY NATURE BUREAUCRACY
GENERATES AN ENORMOUS DEGREE OF UNREGULATED AND OFTEN UNPERCEIVED SOCIAL POWER. BUREAUCRACY TENDS TO RESULT IN OLIGRACHY, OR RULE BY THE FEW—BY OFFICIALS AT THE TOP OF THE ORGANIZATION.
![Page 27: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
OLIGARCHYTHE IRON LAW OF OLIGARCHY: "WHO SAYS
ORGANIZATION, SAYS OLIGARCHY.” ACCORDING TO THE "IRON LAW,” DEMOCRACY AND LARGE SCALE ORGANIZATION ARE INCOMPATIBLE. THIS IS DUE TO THE VERY NATURE OF BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATION WHICH IS HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED WITH TREMENDOUS POWER INVESTED IN THE TOP OFFICES.
![Page 28: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
OLIGARCHYTHESE ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISICS
ARE REINFORCED BY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBERS OF THE ORGANIZATION. LEADERS HAVE ACCESS AND CONTROL OVER INFORMATION AND FACILITIES THAT ARE NOT AVAILABLE TO THE RANK-AND-FILE. THESE LEADERS TEND TO PROMOTE JUNIOR OFFICIALS WHO SHARE THEIR OPINIONS.
![Page 29: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
OLIGARCHYTHE RANK AND FILE ALSO PROMOTE
OLIGARCHY. THEY TEND TO LOOK TO LEADERS FOR POLICY DIRECTIVES, AND ARE GENERALLY PREPARED TO ALLOW THE LEADERS TO EXERCISE THEIR JUDGEMENT ON MOST MATTERS.
![Page 30: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
OLIGARCHYWEBER POINTED OUT THAT THE TREND
TOWARD GREATER LIBERTY IN MODERN SOCIETIES REQUIRES BUREAUCRATIZATION OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS.
![Page 31: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
OLIGARCHYMODERN DEMOCRACY, THROUGH THE
VOTE, HAS A CERTAIN INFLUENCE OVER THE ELITES WHO WILL RULE THEM, BUT THERE CANNOT BE FULL PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY.
![Page 32: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
OLIGARCHYTHOSE ON TOP OF BUREAUCRATIC
HIERARCHIES CAN COMMAND VAST RESOURCES IN PURSUIT OF THEIR INTERESTS. THIS GIVES THE ELITE AT THE TOP OF THESE HIERARCHIES VAST POWER.
![Page 33: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
OLIGARCHY"THE MOST PERVASIVE FEATURE THAT
DISTINGUISHES CONTEMPORARY LIFE IS THAT IT IS DOMINATED BY LARGE, COMPLEX, AND FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS...
![Page 34: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
OLIGARCHY"OUR ABILITY TO ORGANIZE THOUSANDS
AND EVEN MILLIONS OF MEN IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH LARGE-SCALE TASKS--BE THEY ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, OR MILITARY--IS ONE OF OUR GREATEST STRENGTHS...
![Page 35: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
OLIGARCHY"THE POSSIBILITY THAT FREE MEN BECOME
MERE COGS IN THE BUREAUCRATIC MACHINES WE SET UP FOR THIS PURPOSE IS ONE OF THE GREATES THREATS TO OUR LIBERTY"
![Page 36: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
RATIONALIZATIONRATIONALIZATION REFERS TO THE
INCREASING DOMINANCE OF ZWECKRATIONAL IN MODERN LIFE. THERE ARE THREE CHARACTERISTICS:
EFFICIENCYCALCULABILITYDEMYSTIFICATION
![Page 37: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
EFFICIENCYREFERS TO THE DRIVE FOR EFFICIENCY BY
ALL FORMAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS. THIS SEARCH FOR THE MOST EFFICIENT MEANS OF ATTAINING A GOAL HAS BECOME A MAJOR FORCE IN BOTH CAPITALIST AND GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION.
![Page 38: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
CALCULABILITYREFERS TO THE NEED FOR PREDICTABILITY
AND ORDER IN SOCIAL LIFE. DATA SEEMINGLY TAKES ON A LIFE OF ITS OWN, THE REIFICATION OF NUMBERS AND STATISTICS BECOMES ALMOST AS IMPORTANT AS REALITY ITSELF.
![Page 39: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
DEMYSTIFICATIONDEMYSTIFICATION MEANS THE ELIMINATION
OF SPIRITUAL MEANING AND MORAL SIGNIFICANCE FROM SOCIAL LIFE AND THEIR REPLACEMENT BY SYSTEMATIC, LOGICAL, AND REASONABLE ELEMENTS.
![Page 40: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
DEMYSTIFICATIONTHE MODERN WORLD HAS BEEN DESERTED
BY THE GODS. MAN HAS CHASED THEM AWAY AND HAS MADE CALCULABLE AND PREDICTABLE WHAT IN AN EARLIER AGE HAD BEEN GOVERNED BY HIS GRACE.
![Page 41: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
RATIONALIZATIONBUREAUCRACIES ARE BUILT ON THE
PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENCY AND CALCULABILITY. THEY PROGRESSIVELY REPLACE TRADITIONAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS WITH RATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS DESIGNED TO PERFORM LIKE MACHINES.
![Page 42: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
RATIONALIZATIONTO BECOME INDUSTRIALIZED IS TO BECOME
RATIONALIZED, A PROCESS AFFECTING EVERY AREA OF SOCIETY, THE MOST PUBLIC AND THE MOST PRIVATE, THE STATE AND THE ECONOMY AS WELL AS THE REALTIONS OF MARIAGE, FAMILY, AND PERSONAL FRIENDSHIPS.
![Page 43: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
RATIONALIZATIONTHE RESULT IS A SOCIETY THAT IS
CONSTANTLY QUESTIONING TRADITIONAL WAYS, ABSOLUTE VALUES, AND CONSTANTLY DEVISING MORE RATIONAL WAYS TO ACHIEVE DESIRED ENDS.
![Page 44: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
DEHUMANIZATIONAS BUREAUCRACIES SATISFY, DELIGHT, AND
SATIATE US WITH THEIR OUTPUT OF GOODS AND SERVICES, THEY ALSO SHAPE OUR MENTALITY, THEY DEFINE OUR VERY HUMANITY.
![Page 45: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
DEHUMANIZATION"THE CALCULABILTIY OF DECISION-
MAKING...IS MORE FULLY REALIZED THE MORE THE BUREAUCRACY 'DEPERSONALIZES' ITSELF...
![Page 46: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
DEHUMANIZATION"THE MORE COMPLETELY IT SUCCEEDS IN
ACHIEVING THE EXCLUSION OF LOVE, HATRED, AND EVERY PURELY PERSONAL-- ESPECIALLY IRRATIONAL AND INCALCULABLE--FEELING FROM THE EXECUTION OF OFFICIAL TASKS...
![Page 47: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
DEHUMANIZATION"IN THE PLACE OF THE OLD-TYPE RULER
WHO IS MOVED BY SYMPATHY, FAVOR, GRACE, AND GRATITUDE, MODERN CULTURE REQUIRES FOR ITS SUSTAINING EXTERNAL APPARATUS THE EMOTIONALLY DETACHED, AND HENCE RIGOROUSLY PROFESSIONAL EXPERT."
![Page 48: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
DEHUMANIZATIONULTIMATELY, RATIONALIZATION MUST LEAD
TO DEHUMANIZATION—THE ELIMINATION OF CONCERN FOR HUMAN VALUES.
![Page 49: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
IRRATIONALITY FACTORBUREAUCRACY IS NOT RATIONAL IN THE
SENSE OF THE MORAL ACCEPTABILITY OF ITS GOALS OR THE MEANS USED TO ACHIEVE THEM.
![Page 50: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
IRRATIONALITY FACTORINDIVIDUAL OFFICIALS HAVE SPECIALIZED
AND LIMITED RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY AND SO ARE UNLIKELY TO RAISE BASIC QUESTIONS REGARDING MORAL IMPLICATIONS.
![Page 51: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
IRRATIONALITY FACTORTHE PROBLEM IS FURTHER COMPOUNDED
BY THE CORRESPONDING WEAKENING OF MANY TRADITIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF FAMILY, COMMUNITY, AND RELIGION—WHICH SERVED TO BIND PRE-INDUSTRIAL MAN TO THE INTERESTS OF THE GROUP.
![Page 52: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
IRRATIONALITY FACTORFINALLY, RATIONALIZATION CAUSES THE
WEAKENING OF TRADITIONAL AND RELIGIOUS MORAL AUTHORITY--THE VALUES OF EFFICIENCY PREDOMINATE.
![Page 53: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
IRRATIONALITY FACTORWEBER'S VIEWS ABOUT THE INESCAPABLE
RATIONALIZATION AND BUREAUCRATIZATION OF THE WORLD HAVE OBVIOUS SIMILARITIES TO MARX'S NOTION OF ALINEATION.
![Page 54: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
IRRATIONALITY FACTORWEBER BELIEVED THAT THE ALIENATION
DOCUMENTED BY MARX HAD LITTLE TO DO WITH CAPITALISM, BUT WAS A CONSEQUENCE OF INDUSTRIALISM AND BUREAUCRACY.
![Page 55: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
IRRATIONALITY FACTORWEBER ARGUED THAT IN ALL RELEVANT
SPHERES OF MODERN SOCIETY MEN COULD NO LONGER ENGAGE IN SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT ACTION UNLESS THEY JOINED A LARGE-SCALE ORGANIZATION...
![Page 56: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
IRRATIONALITY FACTOR...THEY WOULD BE ADMITTED INTO THIS
ORGANIZATION ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT THEY SACRIFICED THEIR PERSONAL DESIRES TO THE IMPERSONAL GOALS AND PROCEDURES THAT GOVERNED THE WHOLE.
![Page 57: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
SOCIOCULTURAL EVOLUTIONBECAUSE BUREAUCRACY IS A FORM OF
ORGANIZATION SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS, FURTHER BUREAUCRATIZATION AND RATIONALIZATION IS AN INESCAPABLE FATE.
![Page 58: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
SOCIOCULTURAL EVOLUTION"IT IS APPARENT THAT TODAY WE ARE
PROCEEDING TOWARDS AN EVOLUTION WHICH RESEMBLES (THE ANCIENT KINGDOM OF EGYPT) IN EVERY DETAIL, EXCEPT THAT IT IS BUILT ON OTHER FOUNDATIONS, ON TECHNICALLY MORE PERFECT, MORE RATIONALIZED, AND THEREFORE MUCH MORE MECHANIZED FOUNDATIONS."
![Page 59: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
SOCIOCULTURAL EVOLUTION"THE PROBLEM WHICH BESETS US NOW IS
NOT: HOW CAN THIS EVOLUTION BE CHANGED?--FOR THAT IS IMPOSSIBLE, BUT: WHAT WILL COME OF IT?"
![Page 60: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
REPUTED LAST WORDS OF MAX WEBER:
“THE TRUTH IS THE TRUTH."
![Page 61: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
BIBLIOGRAPHYElwell, F. (2009), Macrosociology: The Study of
Sociocultural Systems. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press.
Weber, M. (1962). Basic Concepts in Sociology by Max Weber. (H. Secher, Ed., & H. Secher, Trans.) New York: The Citadel Press.
Weber, M. (1921/1968). Economy and Society. (G. Roth, C. Wittich, Eds., G. Roth, & C. Wittich, Trans.) New York: Bedminster Press.
Weber, M. (1946/1958). Essays in Sociology. In M. Weber, H. Gerth, & C. W. Mills (Eds.), From Max Weber. New York: Oxford University Press.
![Page 62: MAX WEBER](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050822/568163b0550346895dd4c6b7/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
BIBLIOGRAPHYWeber, M. (1925/1954). Max Weber on Law in
Economy and Society. (E. Shils, & M. Rheinstein, Trans.) New York: Simon and Schuster.
Weber, M. (1903-1917/1949). The Methodology of the Social Sciences. (E. Shils, H. Finch, Eds., E. Shills, & H. Finch, Trans.) New York: Free Press.
Weber, M. (1904/1930). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. (T. Parsons, Trans.) New York: The Citadel Press.