MAX 5V R=1K
Transcript of MAX 5V R=1K
Experiment 1 Module I Tutorial I
Wave Shaping Circuits Objectives: To Design and test the clipping and clamping circuits Case 1: Demonstrate a positive, negative source signal clipping circuits to clip the input AC waveforms in series and shunt ways. Use a DC source of 5V. Design Steps: Use diode 1N4007, with maximum current IMAX=5mA along with a DC source of VDC=5V Use a sine wave source of 10V peak.
Maximum diode current IMAX=5mA= 𝑣𝑖𝑀𝐴𝑋−5
𝑅= 10−5
𝑅 R=1KΩ.
Clipping Circuits: Procedure:
Place the components on bread board, and connect them as shown in the circuit diagram.
Set the source to supply a sine wave of 10 V peak and 1 KHz frequency. Set the DC voltage to 5 V in case of the cases Connect the input and output of the circuit to the two channels of the CRO to
observe the input and output waveforms. Measure the voltage amplitude, clipping voltage using CRO.(Note: Both the channel ground should be common)
Set the CRO to display in XY mode to observe the transfer characteristics.(both the channels are set to same attenuation factor)
Repeat the same for all the clipping circuits.
R=1K
Vi
5V
VO
Fig 1.1
R=1KVi
5V
VO
Fig 1.3
Case 2: Design a clipper circuit to clip the input signal between two independent levels (VR1=5V> VR2=2V). Design steps: Use R=1K and Vi=10sin (2000𝜋t)
Procedure: Connect the circuit on the breadboard as shown in the circuit diagram. Set the source to supply a sine wave of 10 V peak and suitable frequency. Connect the input and output of the circuit to the two channels of the CRO to
observe the input and output waveforms. Measure the voltage amplitude, clipping voltage using CRO.
Set the CRO to display in XY mode to observe the transfer characteristics. Repeat the same for all the clipping circuits.
Case 3: Demonstrate a positive, negative and biased source signal clamping circuits to clamp the input square waveforms .Use a DC source of 3V. Study of clamping circuits Procedure:
Use the breadboard to place and connect the components as shown in circuit diagram.
Switch on the circuit and the function generator and set the waveforms to required amplitude of 10V P-P and frequency of 1 kHz.
vi
R
VR
1=
5V
VR
2=
2V
D1D2
V0
Fig 1.5
0.47uF
Vi
Vo
Fig 1.6
0.47uF
Vi
Vo
3V
Fig 1.7
Use two channels of the CRO to observe the input and output of the circuit waveform. (in DC mode only)
Repeat the procedure for all the other circuits.
Observation/Conclusion:
Assignment:
1. Change the VR2= -2Vin the circuit shown in fig 1.5, observe the output waveform and
transfer characteristic. Hence write the conclusion
2. Reverse the bias voltage (VDC= -3V) in the circuit shown in fig 1.7 and 1.8, observe the output wave form and give the reason.
3. Simulate all the circuits in tutorial 1 (Figure 1.1 to Figure 1.9) using PSpice schematics.
Perform the time domain (transient) analysis. Compare the test and simulated results.
Fig 1.4
R=1KVi
5V
VO
R=1K
Vi
5V
VO
Fig 1.2
0.47uF
Vi
Vo
3V
Fig 1.9Fig 1.8
0.47uF
Vi
Vo
w x y z
1 2 1
2
3
3 4
5 6
9 8
1
1213
34
5
2
6
1
2
3 4
5
6
EXPERIMENT 2
Module II
DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN USING SSI/MSI
Tutorial 1
Combinational Circuit Design Using Logic Gates
Objectives: To design, build and test simple combinational circuits using logic gates
1. Realize the Boolean function f (W, X, Y, Z) = ∑m (1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 12, 14) using
(i) basic gates (ii) only NAND gates
Sample solution:
i) ICs required: IC7404(1 No), IC 7411(1 No), IC7408(1 No), IC7432(1 No)
2. Design an Excess-3 to BCD code converter and implement using residual gates
Sample Solution:
a) Block diagram defining the inputs & outputs
CODE
CONVERTOR
EXCESS -3 BCD
a) Truth Table
Assumption: Illegal inputs do not occur.
Excess-3 BCD E3 E2 E1 E0 B3 B2 B1 B0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
b) Output logic expressions
B3 (E3, E2, E1, E0) = (11, 12)
B2 (E3, E2, E1, E0) = (7, 8, 9, 10)
B1 (E3, E2, E1, E0) = (5, 6, 9, 10)
B0 (E3, E2, E1, E0) = (4, 6, 8, 10, 12)
c) Minimize using Karnaugh Maps
e) Minimized logic functions
013233EEEEEB
02120122 EEEEEEEB
01011EEEEB
00EB
f) Draw the Circuit diagram
g) List the Components used.
3. Design a 3-bit binary adder ( full adder ) and a 3-bit ( full-subtractor) binary
subtractor.
Assignments:
Simulate the following circuits using OrCAD PSpice
1. Realize the Boolean function f (W, X, Y, Z) = ∑m (1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 12, 14) using only NOR
gates.
2. Design a 2 bit binary magnitude comparator and realize it using minimum number of
gates.
3. Design an BCD to Gray code converter and implement using residual gates.
APPENDIX A
List of components available in the Integrated Electronics Laboratory
Low Power Resistors
¼ W
4.7ohm 10ohm 33ohm 47ohm 100ohm
150ohm 180ohm 220ohm 330ohm 470ohm
560ohm 680ohm 820ohm 1kohm 1.2kohm
1.5kohm 1.8kohm 2.2kohm 3.3kohm 4.7kohm
5.6kohm 6.8kohm 8.2kohm 10kohm 12kohm
15kohm 18kohm 22kohm 33kohm 47kohm
56kohm 68kohm 82kohm 100kohm 120kohm
150kohm 180kohm 220kohm 330kohm 470kohm
560kohm 820kohm 1Mohm
1 W 10ohm 33ohm 47ohm 100ohm 150ohm
180ohm 220ohm 330ohm 470ohm 560ohm
680ohm 820ohm 1kohm 1.2kohm 1.5kohm
1.8kohm 2.2kohm 3.3kohm 4.7kohm 5.6kohm
6.8kohm 8.2kohm 10kohm 12kohm 15kohm
18kohm 22kohm 33kohm 47kohm 56kohm
68kohm 82kohm 100kohm 120kohm 150kohm
180kohm 220kohm 330kohm 470kohm 560kohm
820kohm 1Mohm
5 W 10ohm 33ohm 47ohm 100ohm
Potentiometers
100ohm 1K ohm 10 K ohm 25kohm 100kohm
Electrolyte Capacitors
2.2mf/63v 4.7mf/63v 10mf/63v 22mf/63v 47mf/63v
100mf/63v 220mf/63v 330mf/63v 470mf/63V 2200mf/63v
Ceramic Disc Capacitors
2.2kpf 3.3kpf 4.7kpf 100kpf 0.001mf
0.01mf 0.1mf 0.022mf 0.22mf 0.047mf 0.47mf
Low Power Zener Diodes
5.1V 0.5W 5.1 V/1.0W 6.8V/0.5 W 12.1V/1.0W
Low Power Diodes
IN4001 IN4007 BA159
Low Power Transistors
FET BFW-10 SL 100 SK100 BC 107 BC 547
BC 557 2N 3055 2N 3773 MOSFET-2N27000
3- Terminal Voltage Regulator IC’s
7805 7812 7815 7905 7912 7915 317
OP-Amp / Timer IC’s
741 555
Digital IC Pin Details and Functional Tables
7400 QUAD 2 INPUT NAND GATE
7402 QUAD 2 INPUT NOR GATE
7404 HEX INVERTER/NOT GATE
7408 QUAD 2 INPUT AND GATE
7410 TRIPLE 3 INPUT NAND GATE
7411 TRIPLE 3 INPUT AND GATE
7420 DUAL 4 INPUT NAND GATE
7421 DUAL 4 INPUT AND GATE
74LS30 -8 INPUT NAND GATE
7432 QUAD 2 INPUT OR GATE
7446/7447 BCD to Seven Segment Decoder
7473 DUAL J-K FLIP-FLOP
7474 DUAL D FLIP-FLOP
7486 QUAD 2 INPUT EXCLUSIVE OR GATE
7490 ASYNCHRONOUS DECADE COUNTER
74112 JK FLIP FLOP WITH PRESET AND CLEAR
74LS138/74LS139 -3:8 Decoder
74151 - 8:1 MULTIPLEXER
74153 - 4:1 MULTIPLEXER
74154 – 4:16 DECODER / DEMULTIPLXER
Inputs Outputs
G1 G2 D C B A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
L L L L L L L H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
L L L L L H H L H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
L L L L H L H H L H H H H H H H H H H H H H
L L L L H H H H H L H H H H H H H H H H H H
L L L H L L H H H H L H H H H H H H H H H H
L L L H L H H H H H H L H H H H H H H H H H
L L L H H L H H H H H H L H H H H H H H H H
L L L H H H H H H H H H H L H H H H H H H H
L L H L L L H H H H H H H H L H H H H H H H
L L H L L H H H H H H H H H H L H H H H H H
L L H L H L H H H H H H H H H H L H H H H H
L L H L H H H H H H H H H H H H H L H H H H
L L H H L L H H H H H H H H H H H H L H H H
L L H H L H H H H H H H H H H H H H H L H H
L L H H H L H H H H H H H H H H H H H H L H
L L H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H L
L H X X X X H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
H L X X X X H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
H H X X X X H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
74194 FOUR BIT BIDIRECTIONAL UNIVERSAL SHIFT REGISTER
LT-542 SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY (COMMON ANODE)
dp
d
g
a
f b
e c
a VCC g f b
c VCC e d dp
LT542
74LS283 FOUR BIT BINARY FULL ADDER WITH FAST CARRY
LOGIC FAMILIES OVERVIEW
Logic
family
Prop.
delay
Rise/fall
Time
Vihmin Vilmax Vohmin Volmax Noise
Margin 74 22ns 2.0V 0.8V 2.4V 0.4V 0.4V
74LS 15ns 2.0V 0.8V 2.7V 0.5V 0.3V
74F 5ns 2.3ns 2.0V 0.8V 2.7V 0.5V 0.3V
74AS 4.5ns 1.5ns 2.0V 0.8V 2.7V 0.5V 0.3V
74ALS 11ns 2.3ns 2.0V 0.8V 2.5V 0.5V 0.3V
ECL 1.45ns 0.35ns -1.165V -1.475V -1.025V -1.61V 0.135V
4000 250ns 19ns 3.5V 1.5V 4.95V 0.05V 1.45V
74C 90ns 3.5V 1.5V 4.5V 0.5V 1V
74HC 18ns 3.6ns 3.5V 1.0V 4.9V 0.1V 0.9V
74HCT 23ns 3.9ns 2.0V 0.8V 4.9V 0.1V 0.7V
74AC 9ns 1.5ns 3.5V 1.5V 4.9V 0.1V 1.4V
74ACT 9ns 1.5ns 2.0V 0.8V 4.9V 0.1V 0.7V
74AHC 3.7ns 3.85V 1.65V 4.4V 0.44V 0.55V
(Typical values for rough comparison only. Refer to data sheet, values valid for Vcc=5V)