STATUS OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC

and

its perspectives for sustainable development in changing climate

conditions

STATUS OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC

and

its perspectives for sustainable development in changing climate

conditions

Dr R. Mavlyanova, AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Regional coordinator

Dr. R. Khakimov, Director of the Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & PotatoDr. A. Rustamov, Director of the Uzbek Research Institute of Plant IndustryProf. L. Gafurova, Vice-rector of the Tashkent State Agrarian University

20002010 2020 2030 2040 2050

THE POPULATION GROWTH IN THE WORLDTHE POPULATION GROWTH IN THE WORLD

The Population Growth in CAC Region

CountriesPopulation(July 2007

est.)

Population growth

rate(2007 est.)

Armenia 2,971,650 -0.129%

Azerbaijan 8,120,247 0.688%

Georgia 4,646,003 -0.329%

Kazakhstan 15,284,929 0.352%

Kyrgyzstan 5,284,149 1.354%

Tajikistan 7,076,598 1.895%

Turkmenistan 5,097,028 1.617%

Uzbekistan 27,780,059 1.732%

TOTAL: 76,260,663 0.9%

Source: www. The World Fact Book

The population living below poverty line

43.9%

Vegetables: The key source of micronutrients

Vegetables: The key source of micronutrients

= HUNGERголодают

Deficiency in

calories + protein

≥ 0.83 billion underweight

= MICRONUTRIENTDEFICIENCY

Недостаток питания

Deficiency in

vitamins & minerals

2 – 3.5 billion

= OVERCONSUMPTIONИзбыточное питание

Excess of calories ≥ 1.1 billion overweight

malnourished

The Crucial Gap: Lack of High Value NutritionThe Crucial Gap: Lack of High Value Nutrition

Uzbekistan:Total area – 447400 km2

arable – 11%

pasture – 46%

forest – 3%

rivers and lakes – 4,9%

www.geopolitics.ru/states/uzbekistan.htm

Sowing area and vegetable production in Central Sowing area and vegetable production in Central Asia and the CaucasusAsia and the Caucasus ( (1992-20071992-2007))

0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000

CAC countries

Are

a,

ha

Area,1992 Area, 2007

Source: FAOSTAT data

02,000,0004,000,0006,000,0008,000,000

10,000,00012,000,000

CAC countriesP

rod

ucti

on

,t

Production 1992 Production 2007

Source: FAOSTAT data

Sowing area, production, yield and consumption of Sowing area, production, yield and consumption of vegetables in Uzbekistan in 2004-2007vegetables in Uzbekistan in 2004-2007

Area

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

1 2 3 4

Area

P r oduction

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

1 2 3 4

P r oduction

Y ield

180000

200000

220000

240000

260000

1 2 3 4

Y ield

Productionof vegetables in

Uzbekistan

1990-1992

1995-1997

2003-2005

kg/person/year 117 70 80

Source: FAOSTAT data

Central Asian Origin Center of Cultivated Central Asian Origin Center of Cultivated CropsCrops

Cucumis melo L Secondary center

Lagenaria vulgaris Ser Secondary center

Daucus carota L. Primary center

Brassica campestris L., ssp. Rapifera Sinsk,

Primary center

Raphanus sativus L. Secondary center

Allium cepa l.(sensu lato) Primary center, wild relatives exist

Allium. sativum L Primary center, wild relatives exist

Spinacia oleracea L. Primary center, wild relatives exist

Portulaca oleracea L. Secondary center

Ocimum basilicum l. Main center

Northwest India (Punjab, the Northwest Boundary province, Kashmir), whole Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Western Tian-Shan

Priority vegetable crops in Central AsiaPriority vegetable crops in Central Asia

•Tomato•Onion•Carrot•Cabbage•Cucumber•Melon•Watermelon

Challenges of Vegetable SectorChallenges of Vegetable Sector

• Relatively low yield (20 t/ha) & per capita supply (80-100 kg/year)

• High input costs, limited labor supply• Extremely seasonal; 15% come from Nov. to

Mar.• Lack of diversity; tomato, onion, cabbage &

watermelon cover >60% of the total supply• Poor farm-to-market infrastructure & post-

harvest handling• Limited purchasing power of domestic

consumers• Policy of self-sufficiency in cereals >

production of high value vegetables

Key pointsKey points

• Food security• Adoption to climate change• Rational use of natural resources• Sustainable agriculture system• Employment• Householders’ encouragement• Livelihood

Regional strategy on vegetable cropsRegional strategy on vegetable crops

• To increase the vegetable output, improve nourishment

and income and well being of poor though PGR

conservation, their involvement in research activity and

establishment of high productivity varieties for

introduction into production and other issues oriented on

agriculture development and food security

• The funding system and mechanism are the key terms of

the regional strategy implementation

AVRDC – AVRDC – The World Vegetable CenterThe World Vegetable Center

Collaboration in UzbekistanCollaboration in Uzbekistan

The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & Potato

The Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry

The Tashkent State Agrarian University

Our mission:Alleviate poverty and malnutrition in the developing world through increased production and consumption of safe vegetables

The Samarkand

Agricultural

Institute

The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable,The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & Potato Melon Crops & Potato

RESEARCH:• Breeding of vegetable and melon crops • Seed growing • Breeding and seed production of potato• Technologies (improved cultivation technology, safe vegetable

production, in-vitro technology, and etc.)• Plant protection • Physiology, bio chemistry and agro chemistry• Protected ground • Economics • Capacity building• Information distribution and publications• Workshops, trainings

The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & PotatoPotato

67 varieties have been included in the State register67 varieties have been included in the State register

The Uzbek Research Institute of Plant IndustryThe Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry

• Collection and introduction of genetic resources of agricultural crops

• Quarantine control of introduced material

• Conservation of plant genepool and data base

• Complex evaluation and submission of sources and donors of valuable features to breeding institutions

• Introduction into production of non-traditional for the region crops.

PGR CONSERVATIONPGR CONSERVATION

World collections in UzRIPI: Grain Crops- 21969, Industrial Crops- 11068, Fodder Crops- 649, Fruit Crops and Grape- 3906, Vegetable Crops- 5755 accessions

Fruit Crops and Grape

9,0%

Vegetables and melons

12,7%

Industrial Crops 25%

Fodder Crops1,5%

Cereals50,7%

• UzRIPI GenebankUzRIPI Genebank is the first genebank of plant genetic resources in the Central Asia

• World collections seeds of agricultural crops which are richest source of initial material for breeding of new high quality cultivars for the future generation are conserved here

• Now more 23 thousand accessions of 50 different agricultural crops were puted to UzRIPI Genebank for middle-term conservation.

CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION

The Tashkent State Agrarian UniversityThe Tashkent State Agrarian Universityandand

• Capacity building for the agriculture• Research work on various topics

The Samarkand Agricultural InstituteThe Samarkand Agricultural Institute

Challenges of Research on VegetablesChallenges of Research on Vegetables

• Almost all institutes are experienced the fund shortage

• Limited funds for conservation and evaluation of PGR

• Loss of local varieties due to the gradual closing down the

seed production activity

• Personnel capacity building needs to be strengthened

• Limited funds and lack of projects oriented toward research of vegetable crops

Profitableness

%100*С

П С

ПР

•Alternative for farmers: to use of low cost or high cost technologies•Improved vegetable cultivation technologies (drip irrigation, mulching, IPM and etc.)

•Resource save vegetable cultivation technologies

•Safe vegetable production

•New improved varieties with different duration period

•Supplying with a high quality seeds

•Infrastructure development for production, processing and marketing

•Vegetables export potential

•Business development

Priority activities for Vegetable R&DPriority activities for Vegetable R&D

Involvement of the private sector, farms Involvement of the private sector, farms and other institutionsand other institutions

• Farmers’ interest in indigenous varieties’ cultivation can be

improved through their provision with high-grade seeds and

production technologies for the important indigenous vegetable

crops, as well as via establishment of the output markets

• Vegetable crop cultivation will facilitate additional jobs creating

and women involvement in the output cultivation and marketing

• Joint research with farmers on various directions, pilot field

establishment, workshop arrangement and guideline

dissemination.

Proposals for research development in Proposals for research development in terms of climate changeterms of climate change

• Development of vegetable research on various directions is very important: PGR, breeding, IPM, seed production, improved cultivation technologies, diversification, economic assessment, marketing, and etc.

• Development of material and technical basis in research institutes, universities and farms

• Investment for increase research development and introduction of new crops varieties with a higher yield and improved practices into vegetable production in various agro ecologies of the republic

• Priority crops definition for a food security and sustainable vegetable production

• Research on influence of climate change on crops’ productivity in agriculture, income of farmers, consumption and a health of population

• Breeding and seed growing – interconnected process

of agriculture crops variety improvement

Priorities of Vegetable Variety ImprovementPriorities of Vegetable Variety Improvement

• Survey of biotic and abiotic stresses of vegetable production systems

• Establishment of database on the existing breeding research, and formalization of the breeding network

• Prioritization of consolidated breeding research targets and strategies for implementation

• Collection, characterization and conservation of indigenous genetic resources

• Exchange and testing of promising varieties • Training of young researchers on both conventional and

modern breeding research methodologies• Joint efforts of public and private sectors on the development

of vegetable seed system

Research priorities in seed productionResearch priorities in seed production::• Enlarging research on vegetable seed growing

• Improvement of the seed production technology

• Identification of the most favourable zones for seed growing within relevant countries

• Improvement of harvest methods and post harvest seed treatment

• Deepening of the research on assessment of seedling and non-seedling method of seed growing to produce seeds of biennial vegetable crops

• Development of the integral pre-harvest seed preparation system

Proposals for research development in Proposals for research development in terms of climate change (cont.)terms of climate change (cont.)

In the context of climate projections for the future and temperature increasing, a more marginal and risky agricultural production environment:

• Heat resistant, drought resistant and salt tolerant vegetable crops’ varieties development

• Introduction of non-traditional crops

• Vegetable production in off-season time in greenhouses and tunnels

Vegetable production in off-season timeVegetable production in off-season time

• Drip irrigation, hydroponics

Proposals for research development in Proposals for research development in terms of climate change (cont.)terms of climate change (cont.)

In mean annual precipitation in summer increase:– Development of appropriated varieties, resistant to

diseases and flooding– Improved technologies adoptionIncreased exposure to new pests and diseases for

agricultural crops and adoption of existing pests– IPM, resistant varieties developmentA progressive worsening of the projected water deficit:– Drip irrigation and hydroponics technologies adoption– Improved early maturing varieties development– Vegetable legumes use for a soil fertility improvement

Crop diversificationCrop diversification• Early maturing, high yielding legumes crops’ varieties for soil fertility

improvement

Proposals for research development Proposals for research development in terms of climate change (cont.)in terms of climate change (cont.)

Increasing of length of growing season:– Changed cropping system, crop

diversification, new crops introduction, including non-traditional crops, early maturing varieties for repeated crops

– Increasing farm income through off-season production of high value vegetables under affordable solar-energy based greenhouse

Capacity BuildingCapacity Building bridging the gapbridging the gap

Capacity BuildingCapacity Building bridging the gapbridging the gap

Transfer of materials, Transfer of materials, technologies & toolstechnologies & tools

TrainingTrainingSupply & management Supply & management

of informationof information

Technical assistance & Technical assistance & cooperation programscooperation programs

Regional collaboration Regional collaboration & partnerships& partnerships

Strategies for Capacity Strategies for Capacity BuildingBuilding

Information Dissemination Information Dissemination through Farmers Days, through Farmers Days, Exhibitions, News Letters, Exhibitions, News Letters,

Posters, Leaflets and Data BasePosters, Leaflets and Data Base

Capacity buildingCapacity building

•Improvement of educational programs in universities, institutes and schools

•Skill formation, professional improvement and trainings of executive stuff, specialists and farmers

•Information distribution

•Integrating biodiversity in the intensification of vegetable production and market systems

•International collaboration potential development

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!