MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer,...

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Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne Papulopustular Topicals okay Cystic, scarring, keloidal p.o. antibiotics Accutane

Transcript of MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer,...

Page 1: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne • Papulopustular

Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women

Toby Maurer, MD

University of California, San Francisco

No Disclosures

Acne

• Papulopustular

– Topicals okay

• Cystic, scarring, keloidal

– p.o. antibiotics

– Accutane

Page 2: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne • Papulopustular

Topicals

• BP 5% gel (10% ‐more drying)

• Retin A 0.025% ‐ 0.1% ( vehicle determines strength ‐ start with crème)

• Cleocin T or erythromycin topically

– Use 1 qam and 1qhs

– If NO success after 8 weeks, go to p.o.’s 

P.O. Antibiotics

• TCN ‐ 500 bid x 8 weeks

• Doxycycline ‐ 100 bid x 8 weeks

• Minocycline ‐ 100 bid x 8 weeks

• Taper ‐ Do NOT STOP ABRUPTLY

Page 3: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne • Papulopustular

Alternatives

• Erythromycin ‐ 500 bid

• Septra ‐ check WBC’s 

• Keflex‐500 tid

Spiranolactone

• Diuretic used in cirrhosis of liver

• Also an anti‐androgen

• Useful in females who have cysts around menstruation

• 50‐100 mg qday

• Increased urination, don’t use during pregnancy, ?electrolyte imbalance

Page 4: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne • Papulopustular

Post‐inflammatory

• Hyperpigmentation in the dermis

– Time

– Hydroquinone does not help

Melasma

• Hyperpigmentation of cheeks, chin, forehead

• Seen in pregnancy and in hormone replacement

• Also seen in females and males without hormone treatment

• Treatment ‐ Hydroquinone 4%, (Solaquin forte) sunscreen, Trilumma (retinoid, hydroquinone and steroid)

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Accutane

• Document failure of antibiotics

• Baseline CBC, LFT’s TG and cholestrol

• Counseling regarding birth control or BCP’s

• Perimenopausal women‐pregnancy risk

• Counseling on depression

Acne Rosacea

• Common in women over 40

• Often seen in persons of Irish decent

• Associated with seborrheic dermatitis

• Characterized by papules, erythema, telangiectasia 

• Sun exposure, alcohol and spicy foods exacerbate rosacea

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Acne Rosacea

• Oral antibiotics for 6‐8 weeks clears skin for some amount of time

• Add topical flagyl for maintainance

• Topicals alone work slowly and less frequently

Perioral Dermatitis

• Characterized by small papules and pustules

• In 30‐40 year olds, centered around mouth and eyes (perioral/orbital dermatitis)

• These patients may never have had history of acne as teens

Page 7: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne • Papulopustular

Seborrheic Dermatitis

• Scale ‐ hairline, eyebrows, nasolabial area

• Heat and stress exacerbate it

• Seen with rosacea in some patients

Treatment

• Keep scale off scale

– Tar shampoo

– Selenium sulfide

– Nizoral 2% shampoo

• HC 1% ointment & Nizoral creme BID

• Chronic, no cure

• Use when needed

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Psoriasis‐What is it?

• Fast growing skin‐takes 3 days to come to surface and desquamate

• Normal rate is 28 days

• Psoriatic skin has a fast mitotic rate

• Triggers an inflammatory response in and around affected skin

• New onset often preceded by strep infection (strep pharyngitis) especially in the younger age group.

• In older age group, drugs often unmask psoriasis

• Drugs: beta‐blockers, lithium, NSAIDS, antimalarials, terbinafine, gemfibrozil‐pts on these meds for 3‐6 months before onset of psoriasis

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Psoriasis‐Tx:

• Decrease the MITOTIC RATE of skin– Tar (LCD 5% in TAC 0.1% oint) 

( Tar emulsions)

– topical retinoids (Tazarac)

• Decrease the INFLAMMATORY Reaction of the skin

– Steroid Ointment (mid‐potency‐1st line)

– Calcipotriene (Dovonex Creme)‐not on face or groin

– Clobetasol/Dovonex combination

– Ultraviolet light

NO PREDNISONE

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Urticaria

• Acute < 6 weeks

• Chronic > 6 weeks– 85% of chronic cases, no etiology

• Check CBC, LFT’s, PPD, hepatitis A, B and C, tinea and candida 

• Treatment ‐ treat underlying condition, antihistamines (sedating and non‐sedating)

• NO PREDNISONE

Intertrigo

• Pendulous breasts or pannus

• Always component of candida

• Blow dry area

• Apply topical antifungals

• Tucks pads

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Too Much Hair

• Vaniqa

– topical cream that breaks the chemical bond of hair

– apply 2x’s/day forever

– 30% effective

– $30/month

Hair Removal

– pigment of hair absorbs the light and gets destroyed

– dark hair responds– hair is always in different growth phases, so treatment has to be repeated several times to catch the phase(expensive)

– pigment changes of surrounding skin and scarring

– fast and minimal scarring

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Hair Loss

• If not scarring and diffuse:

• Check recent surgeries/illness, nutrition,anemia, TSH, estrogen replacement, medication history, VDRL.

• If hirsute with scalp hair loss‐DHEAS and free testosterone

• If lactating‐ check prolactin

If all negative

• Androgenetic Alopecia‐

Minoxidil 5% bid topically (even in women)

Can make hair oily‐may want to start with minoxidil 2% or use 2% by day and 5% at night

Minoxidil foam –once at night

Use for at least 6 months for results and what you see after 1 yr. is the effect you can expect.

What about finasteride (propecia)?‐Does not work in women.

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Cellulitis

• Goal in study was to have dermatologists diagnose cellulitis vs other diseases

• 635 pts seen‐67% had cellulitis N=425• 33% had other‐eczema, lymphedema, lipodermatosclerosis

• Of the 425 with cellulitis, 30% had predisposing dermatologic disease

• Hospitalization was averted for 96% of those with cellulitis (p.o antiotics)

Levell et al Br J of Dermatol (BJD) 2011 Feb

Take Home Points:

• Does the patient really have cellulitis?

• Is there an underlying dermatologic cause that contributes  to condition‐if treated could prevent repeated episodes?

• Does this patient require hospitalization?

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Recurrent Cellulitis

• In study of 274 pts who had at least 2 episodes of cellulits in 3 yrs:

• Prophylactic penicillin 250 bid decreased rates of recurrence in treatment gp vs placebo group ( tx=22% vs 37% in placebo gp)

• BUT off meds and followed‐recurrence rate was the same in both groups.

• NEJM Thomas etal. May 2013

Venous Insufficiency Ulcer

• Control Edema

– Elevation of leg above heart 2 hours twice daily

– Walk, don’t sit

– Compression

• Diuretics overused and not of benefit unless fluid retention due to central problem is present (CHF, CRF)

• Create healing wound environment

Page 15: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne • Papulopustular

Venous Insufficiency Ulcer

• Compression dressing

– Unna boot covered by Coban – this requires a good nursing staff with training and experience

– This both provides graded compression AND creates the correct wound environment

• Semipermeable dressing (Hydrosorb, Duoderm, etc)

• Change dressing weekly

• Refer to dermatology if not  healing

When is a Leg Ulcer Infected?

• All  leg ulcers are colonized with bacteria. Surface culture of little value

• Suspect infection if: 

– Increasing pain

– Surrounding erythema, cellulitis

– Focal area not healing and undermining present

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Hidraadenitis supparativa

• Hidradentitis‐go back to strong antiinflammatories like rifampin and clindamycin‐12 week course

• Moxifloxicin, metranidazole, rifampin‐Lambert et al. Dermatology 2011

• Acitretin may have some activity‐drug is classically used for psoriasis (original use for TNF blockers Boer et al Br J Dermatol 2011 Jan

Page 17: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne • Papulopustular

Chronic wounds

• If not healing and developing thickened or ulcerated skin‐biopsy for cancer

• Can it be used in pts with previous zoster‐yes

• How about use in younger age groups?

• Needs to be give within ½ hour of reconstitution

• $150.00 for injection

• Cost‐effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: a critical review‐Kawai K et al, Vaccine March 2014

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‐uptake in most communities is only around 30%

‐recommended now before giving patients immunosuppressive drugs like MTX or TNF blockers JAMA 2011

• Sunscreens‐ Australian study randomized residents to daily use vs discretionary us between 1992 and 1996

• Risk for developing any melanoma reduced by 50% and invasive melanoma risk reduced by 73%

• Same trial also showed reduction of risk of developing squamous cell cancer

Green et al. J Clin Oncol 2011 Jan 20; 29:257

Page 19: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne • Papulopustular

Tanning Beds

• International Agency for Research on Cancer

• Comprehensive metaanlaysis found that risk of melanoma (skin and eye) increases by 75% when tanning begins before age 30.

• Cite this to your young patients

El Ghissassi et al. Lancet Oncol 2009 Aug 10:751 

The Telederm Experiment

• California Health Care Foundation‐can we make it happen in San Francisco area

• Primary care provider has any derm question or wants to refer to derm

• ALL referrals go through telederm‐even if it is a pt followed by derm in past

Page 20: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne • Papulopustular

• Obtains verbal consent from pt

• Provider or assistant takes picture and uploads picture

• Question can be typed in on web based template at the time of pt visit or later that day, etc

• Derm group answers question and primary will get notification that derm report is ready

• Provider will get first pass advice‐what is it, how to treat, when he/she should see pt back or when to refer

OR

• Provider will be alerted that pt needs dermappointment and pt will be LINKED into CARE within an appropriate time to be seen in LIVE CLINIC (manned by our dermatologists).

• Derm report is part of the electronic medical record

Page 21: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne • Papulopustular

• Dermatologists from UCSF read the triage consults and they also staff the live clinics at the primary care providers site

Results to date

• We have completed around 4000 consults

• 75% of consults have been successfully treated by primary provider with dermguidance‐the GPS system

• 25% seen in live derm clinic

• Wait time at San Mateo was 9 months to see DERM.  Now we get consults back in 2 days and live clinics booked within 1 month

Page 22: MAURER Common Dermatologic Conditions in …...Common Dermatologic Conditions in Women Toby Maurer, MD University of California, San Francisco No Disclosures Acne • Papulopustular

• Primary providers have learned  from one on one consults

• Primary providers have had to DO some dermatology

• Live dermatology clinic –difficult cases but time has been properly apportioned to see them

• Suspect Hypertrophic lichen planus

• Start pt on clobetasol oint bid

• Order CBC, LFT’s and G6PD

• Look in mouth and genitals‐if lesions‐set up with GI for endoscopy

• Our scheduler will call pt to come in next 3 wks

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PCP’s reply

• Labs obtained, linkage of care to specialists within 1 month ( bonus for hospital), meds started, I learned what this is, what labs to get and that in some circumstances assoc with cancer‐can I get CME?