Matter—Properties and Changes - asd5.org · PDF fileLabel each picture as an element,...

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Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 13

Matter—Properties and ChangesMatter—Properties and Changes

Section 3.1 Properties of MatterIn your textbook, read about physical properties and chemical properties of matter.

Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.

Matter is anything with (1) and volume. A

(2) is a form of matter with a uniform and unchanging composition.

Substances have specific, unchanging (3) that can be observed.

Substances have both physical and chemical properties. (4)

properties can be observed without changing a substance’s chemical composition. Color,

hardness, and (5) are examples. Other properties cannot be

observed without changing the composition of a substance. These are called

(6) properties. An example is the tendency of iron to form

rust when exposed to air.

Label each property as either physical or chemical.

7. Chemical formula H2O

8. Forms green carbonate when exposed to moist air

9. Remains unchanged when in the presence of nitrogen

10. Colorless

11. Solid at normal temperatures and pressures

12. Ability to combine with another substance

13. Melting point

14. Liquid at normal temperatures and pressures

15. Boiling point is 100°C

16. Conducts electricity

17. Density is 1g�cm3

STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERYCHAPTER 3

chemical mass physical

density properties substance

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14 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 Study Guide for Content Mastery

In your textbook, read about states of matter.

Label each drawing with one of these words: solid, liquid, gas.

18.

19.

20.

For each statement below, write true or false.

21. All matter that we encounter in everyday life exists in one of threephysical forms.

22. A solid has definite shape and volume.

23. A liquid has a definite shape and takes on the volume of its container.

24. A gas has both the shape and the volume of its container.

25. The particles in a gas cannot be compressed into a smaller volume.

26. Liquids tend to contract when heated.

27. The particles in a solid are spaced far apart.

28. The words gas and vapor can be used interchangeably.

Section 3.1 continued


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Section 3.2 Changes in Matter In your textbook, read about physical change and chemical change.

What kinds of changes do these words indicate? Write each word under the correctheading. Use each word only once.

Physical Change Chemical Change

1. 9.

2. 10.

3. 11.

4. 12.

5. 13.

6. 14.

7. 15.

8. 16.

For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.

Column A Column B

17. The new substances that are formed in a chemical reaction

18. A chemical reaction that involves one or more substanceschanging into new substances

19. Shows the relationship between the reactants and products in achemical reaction

20. States that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any process

21. The starting substances in a chemical reaction

Answer the following question. Write an equation showing conservation of mass of reactants and products.

22. In a laboratory, 178.8 g of water is separated into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Thehydrogen gas has a mass of 20.0 g. What is the mass of the oxygen gas produced?


boil crumple crush explode

burn ferment freeze grind

condense melt oxidize rot

corrode rust tarnish vaporize

a. chemical change

b. reactants

c. products

d. chemical equation

e. law of conservationof mass

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16 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 Study Guide for Content Mastery

Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter In your textbook, read about pure substances and mixtures.

Use the words below to complete the concept map.

In your textbook, read about separating mixtures.

For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.

Column A Column B

7. Separates substances on the basis of the boiling points ofthe substances

8. Separates by formation of solid, pure particles from asolution

9. Separates substances based on their movement through aspecial paper

10. Separates solids from liquids by using a porous barrier

matter

homogeneousmixtures

substances 1. mixtures

3. heterogeneous2. water

4. sand–water mixture 5. solutions

6. salt–water mixture

mixtures


heterogeneous salt–water mixture sand–water mixture

mixtures solutions water

a. filtration

b. distillation

c. crystallization

d. chromatography

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Section 3.4 Elements and CompoundsIn your textbook, read about elements and compounds.

Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemicalmeans is a(n)

a. compound. b. mixture. c. element. d. period.

2. A chemical combination of two or more different elements is a(n)

a. solution. b. compound. c. element. d. period.

3. Which of the following is an example of an element?

a. water b. air c. sugar d. oxygen

4. Which of the following is an example of a compound?

a. gold b. silver c. aspirin d. copper

5. What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

a. block elements b. groups or families c. grids d. periods

6. What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

a. block elements b. groups or families c. grids d. periods

Label each substance as either an element or a compound.

7. silicon 10. nickel

8. sodium chloride 11. ice

9. francium

Write the symbol for each element. Use the periodic table on pages 72–73 in your textbook if you need help.

12. neon 15. titanium

13. calcium 16. fluorine

14. iron

In your textbook, read about the law of definite proportions.

Use the law of definite proportions and the equation below to answer the questions.

The law of definite proportions states that regardless of the amount, a compound isalways composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass.

Mass percentage of an element (%) � � 100%

17. A 20.0-g sample of sucrose contains 8.4 g of carbon. What is the mass percentage of car-bon in sucrose? Show your work.

mass of element��mass of compound


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Chapter Assessment Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 13

Matter—Properties and ChangesMatter—Properties and Changes

Reviewing VocabularyMatch the definition in Column A with the term in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. A homogeneous mixture

2. States that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any process

3. States that regardless of the amount, a compound is alwayscomposed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass

4. States that different masses of one element combine with thesame relative mass of another element to form differentcompounds

5. The grid organizing elements into periods and groups

6. The ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass ofthe compound

7. Three physical forms that describe all matter that exists on Earth

8. A separation technique that results in the formation ofpure solid particles from a solution

9. A technique that separates the components of a mixture

10. A form of matter with a constant volume that takes theshape of its container

11. A form of matter with a definite shape and volume

Compare and contrast each pair of related terms.

12. chemical property, physical property

13. substance, mixture

CHAPTER ASSESSMENTCHAPTER 3

a. law of multipleproportions

b. percent by mass

c. periodic table

d. law of conservationof mass

e. law of definiteproportions

f. solution

g. crystallization

h. chromatography

i. states of matter

j. solid

k. liquid

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14 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 Chapter Assessment

Understanding Main Ideas (Part A)

Identify each property as either physical or chemical. Tell whether each physical property is extensive or intensive.

1. color

2. tendency to rust

3. boiling point

4. density

5. mass

6. ability to dissolve

7. malleability

8. ability to conduct electricity

Match each term in Column A with its example in Column B.

Column A Column B

9. alloy

10. element

11. gas

12. vapor

Circle the item that is an example of the term.

13. compound

salt air nickel

14. homogeneous mixture

silicon air nickel

15. element

salt brass aluminum


a. gold

b. methane

c. steam

d. sterling silver (silver and copper)

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Chapter Assessment Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 15

Understanding Main Ideas (Part B)

Identify each change as either physical or chemical.

1. breaking a pencil in half

2. wood burning

3. silver tarnishing

4. ice melting

5. hard-boiling an egg

6. grinding coffee beans

7. burning gasoline

Identify each mixture as either homogeneous or heterogeneous.

8. stainless steel

9. granite

10. air

11. blood

12. hand lotion

13. oil and water

14. wild bird seed

15. chunky peanut butter

16. dirt

17. vinegar

18. gasoline

Identify the technique you would use to separate each mixture.

19. two substances with different boiling points

20. sand from water


Label each picture as an element, compound, mixture of elements, mixture of compounds,mixture of element(s) and compound(s).

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Classification of Matter 35

Chapter Review

Classification of Matter

Part A. Vocabulary ReviewDirections: Use the clues below to complete the crossword puzzle.

Asse

ssm

ent

17Chapter

21

3

4

6

7

9

8

5

10

Across

1. A change in size, shape, or state of matter

3. Substance in which two or more elementsare combined in a fixed proportion

4. A mixture in which different materials canbe easily distinguished

6. Heterogeneous mixture containing a liq-uid in which visible particles settle

7. Heterogeneous mixture with larger parti-cles that never settle

9. Any material of two or more substancesthat can be physically separated

10. Homogeneous mixture of particles so smallthey cannot be seen and will never settle

Down

2. Mixture containing two or more gaseous,liquid, or solid substances blended evenlythroughout

5. Substance in which all atoms are alike

8. Effect of scattering light by colloidal particles

9. Law of conservation of ______

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Chapter Test

Classification of Matter

I. Testing ConceptsDirections: Determine whether the italicized term makes each statement true or false. If the statement is true,write true in the blank. If the statement if false, write in the blank the term or terms that make the statement true.

1. Substances are either elements or mixtures.

2. The odor of a substance is a physical property.

3. Smoke is a compound.

4. A substance can be separated into simpler parts through differences in physical properties.

5. The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of all substances before a chemical change equals the mass of all the substances after the change.

6. Colloids are mixtures.

7. The freezing of water is a chemical change.

8. Homogeneous mixtures can be separated by physical changes.

9. Colloids and solutions scatter light.

10. A fruit salad is a homogeneous mixture.

11. Color is a physical property.

12. When a firecracker explodes, mass is lost.

13. Distillation can separate dissolved substances through physical changes.

14. A suspension is a homogeneous mixture.

15. The breaking of a glass window is a physical change.

Directions: In the blank at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that correctly completes each statement.

16. A(n) ______ is NOT homogeneous.a. suspension c. compoundb. element d. solution

17. The scattering of light by colloids is called ______.a. the Tyndall effect c. air pollutionb. conservation d. suspension

18. Smoke is an example of a ______.a. substance c. colloidb. solution d. suspension

Asse

ssm

ent

17Chapter

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Chapter Test (continued)

38 Classification of Matter

19. Three examples of physical changes are ______.a. freezing of water, evaporation of gasoline, and rusting of a nailb. boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and melting of a candlec. sawing of wood, crushing of a can, and toasting a marshmallowd. burning of gasoline, rotting of an egg, and exploding of fireworks

20. The color of ink is a ______.a. chemical property c. chemical changeb. physical property d. physical change

21. When two or more substances are combined so that each substance maintains itsown properties, the result is a(n) ______.a. chemical change c. compoundb. element d. mixture

22. When gasoline is burned in an engine, ______.a. gasoline evaporates c. mass is lostb. new substances are formed d. mass is gained

23. ______ is another name for a homogeneous mixture.a. Suspension c. Solutionb. Substance d. Liquid

II. Understanding Concepts

Skill: Concept Mapping

Directions: In the concept map below, write in the correct terms in the spaces provided.

Assessment can be

which are which are

such as such as such as

which are

can be

1. 2. 3.

Mixtures

heterogeneous

muddy water milk vinegar

homogeneous

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Directions: Complete the concept map using the terms in the list below.

heterogeneous elements homogeneous

compound substances mixtures

Mee

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Directed Reading for

Content Mastery

OverviewClassification of Matter 17

Chapter

Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that makes each statement correct.

7. A beam of light is (visible, invisible) as it passes through a solution, but

(can, cannot) be seen as it passes through a colloid.

8. Appearance and behavior are (chemical, physical) properties.

9. The change of one substance to another is a (chemical, physical) change.

10. When substances go through a physical change, mass is always (gained, lost, conserved).

of which two or more maycombine in an easily separated

manner to form

which, if blendedevenly throughout,

are

Matter

1.

3.

5.

is composed of various

of which two ormore may form a which, if the different

materials are easilydistinguished, are

2.

which, when made upof like atoms, are

4.

6.

Name Date Class

20 Classification of Matter

Section 1 ■ Composition ofMatter

Directions: Choose the correct category from the list for each item. Each category will be used more than once.

1. chalk

2. copper

3. granite

4. vinegar

5. pond

6. water

7. salt

8. permanent press fabric

9. soft drink

10. paint

11. gold

12. a river delta

13. fog

14. gelatin

15. lead

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Content Mastery

Meeting Individual Needs

17Chapter

a. element

b. compound

c. suspension

d. heterogeneous mixture

e. homogeneous mixture

f. colloid

Directions: Complete the sentences by writing the letters of the correct terms on the lines provided.

16. All substances are built from _____ .

a. elements c. metalb. atom d. salt

17. A beam of light can be seen as it passes through a(n) _____ .

a. colloid c. elementb. solution d. compound

18. A _____ is a homogenous mixture of particles so small they cannot be

seen and will not settle to the bottom of their container.

a. colloid c. elementb. solution d. compound

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Directions: Complete the paragraphs using the terms listed. Some terms may be used more than once.

liquid physical change chemical change mixture

physical properties physical property distillation

equals melting conservation of mass

Scientists try to explain how changes in substances take place. By applying energy,

you can tear a sheet of paper into pieces and cause a 1. ____________________

____________________ in the paper. On a hot summer day, water vapor will

condense into water droplets on the outside of a glass of iced tea. The glass of iced

tea is a 2. ____________________ of sugar, tea, lemon, and water. Water is a clear,

colorless 3. ____________________ at room temperature. The words clear and

colorless describe two 4. ____________________ ____________________

of water. The melting of the ice in iced tea is a 5. ____________________

____________________.

In comparison, a 6. ____________________ ____________________

produces new substances. When a candle burns, physical and chemical changes take

place. The 7. ____________________ of the wax is a physical change. The melted

wax, as it burns, combines with gaseous oxygen in air. After the chemical change,

water vapor and carbon dioxide gas are formed. The mass of all substances before

a chemical change 8. ____________________ the mass of all substances after a

chemical change. This is called the law of 9. ____________________

____________________ ____________________

To separate a solid from a liquid, such as salt from seawater, a process using

the 10. ____________________ ____________________ of boiling point called

11. ____________________ is used.

Mee

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Indi

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Content Mastery

Section 2 ■ Properties ofMatter 17

Chapter

1. Compare (same) and contrast (different) a substance and a mixture.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. Compare and contrast an element and a compound.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Compare and contrast a colloid and a suspension.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4. Compare and contrast a solution and a heterogeneous mixture.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Name: Date:

Matter—Properties and Changes

CHAPTER 3

5

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Reviewing Chemistry: Mastering the TEKS Chemistry: Matter and Change

Use the tables below to answer questions 1and 2.

1 The tables show the chemical analyses of twocompounds: baking soda and sodium bicarbonate.Because they have the same percent by mass, theymust be the same compound according to the —

A law of definite proportions

B law of multiple proportions

C law of conservation of energy

D law of conservation of mass

2 If baking soda and sodium bicarbonate are the samecompound, then the mass of carbon in 200.00 g ofbaking soda should be —

A 7.15 g

B 14.30 g

C 28.60 g

D 57.20 g

3 Which of these phase changes does NOT involve theabsorption of heat energy?

A Boiling

B Condensation

C Melting

D Vaporization

4 In the periodic table, a series of elements that isarranged in a horizontal row is called a —

A cluster

B family

C period

D group

5 Distillation is a separation technique that involves —

A using a porous barrier to separate a solid from aliquid

B separating dissolved substances based on theirtendency to be drawn across a surface

C the formation of pure, solid particles of asubstance from a solution containing thedissolved substance

D separating two or more liquids based ondifferences in their boiling points

Element Analysis by Mass % by Mass

Baking Soda Analysis

Oxygen 114.20 g 57.1%Sodium 54.80 g 27.4%

Hydrogen 2.40 g 1.2%Carbon ? 14.3%Total 200.00 g 100%

Element Analysis by Mass % by Mass

Sodium Bicarbonate Analysis

Oxygen 28.55 g 57.1%Sodium 13.70 g 27.4%

Hydrogen 0.60 g 1.2%

Carbon 7.15 g 14.3%Total 50.00 g 100%

This question covers TEKS 4A and 4C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 75.

This question covers TEKS 4C. Thisquestion tests the material that wascovered in the textbook on page75.

This question covers TEKS 4C and 5C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 61.

This question covers TEKS 4D. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpage 70.

This question covers TEKS 4B and 4C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 69.

Use the diagram below to answer questions 6and 7.

6 The diagram shows a chemical equation representinga chemical reaction. The name and mass of eachsubstance involved in the chemical reaction are alsoshown. Which of these are the reactants?

A HCl and NaOH

B NaCl and H2O

C HCl and H2O

D NaOH and NaCl

7 According to the law of conservation of mass, massis neither created nor destroyed in any process. Onthe basis of this law, what mass of water wasproduced in this reaction?

A 16.0 g

B 18.0 g

C 20.0 g

D 22.0 g

8 Characteristics of a substance can be classified asphysical properties or chemical properties. Which ofthe following is a chemical property?

A Boils at 56ºC

B Tastes sour

C Has a density of 2.9 g/cm3

D Reacts with acid to produce hydrogen gas

Use the diagrams below to answer question 9.

9 Each diagram shows the particles of a substance in aclosed container. Which of these shows thesubstance that is most easily compressed?

A Q

B R

C S

D T

Q R S T

36.5 g

HClhydrochloric

acid

40.0 g

NaOHsodium

hydroxide

58.5 g

NaClsodiumchloride

? g

H Owater

+ + 2

6

CHAPTER 3 Matter—Properties and Changes, continued

Reviewing Chemistry: Mastering the TEKSChemistry: Matter and Change

Name: Date:

Copyright ©

Glencoe/M

cGraw

-Hill, a division of T

he McG

raw-H

ill Com

panies, Inc.

This question covers TEKS 5B. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpage 62.

This question covers TEKS 5B. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpages 63–65.

This question covers TEKS 4A. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpages 56–58.

This question covers TEKS 4B. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpages 58–59.

Matter—Properties and Changes - asd5.org · PDF fileLabel each picture as an element,...

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