MatterREVIEW CONCEPTS

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Matter is permanent. It cannot be manufactured or destroyed.

Before reaction: 8 Red and 8 White After reaction: 8 Red and 8 White

Matter can be changed in two ways

1. Physical Change

2. Chemical Change

Physical VS. Chemical Change

• New chemicals are formed (products)• Not easily reversed

Chemical Changes

• Often changes of state• Change in physical appearance only (i.e. ripping a piece of paper)• Often easily reversed

Physical Changes

Matter exists in three states.

SolidsSolids are made of atoms or molecules that are packed tightly together. They have very little movement.

1. Definite shape

2. Definite volume

3. Cannot be compressed

Examples:

•Wood

• Iron rods

•Sheet metal

•Concrete

•Glass

•Plastic

•Drywall

LiquidsLiquids allow more movement as molecules are further apart.

1. Indefinite shape - takes the shape of its container

2. Definite volume

3. Cannot be compressed

Examples:

•Water

•Solvents

•Oil

•Paint

•Acids

•Refrigerant liquids

GasesGases allow a lot of movement as molecules are very far apart.

1. Indefinite shape - takes the shape of its container

2. Indefinite volume – takes the volume of the container

3. Can be compressed

Examples:

•Oxygen

•Steam

•Acetylene

•Air (made of many different types of gases)

Matter can change states.Due to and increase or decrease in temperature.

Phase changesSOLID TO LIQUID LIQUID TO SOLID

Melting/Fusion Freezing/Solidification

Phase changesLIQUID TO GAS GAS TO LIQUID

Vaporization/Evaporation Condensation

Phase changesSOLID TO GAS GAS TO SOLID

Sublimation Crystallization/Deposition

Phase Changes Elements change phases based on temperature

Every element has a different temperature where it will change state.

So we know the temperatures for a substance like water? What temperature does it freeze? What temperature does it evaporate?

How is this different for other substances?

Temperature and Phase Changes

Melting Point – Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Freezing Point – Same as melting point. Referred to this during solidification

Boiling Point – Temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas

Substance Melting Point / Freezing Point

Boiling Point

Water 0 ⁰C 100 ⁰C

Copper 1083 ⁰C 2567 ⁰C

Aluminum 660 ⁰C 2767 ⁰C

Polyethylene 105-115 ⁰C N/A - Decomposes

Dry Ice (CO2) -78 ⁰C -57 ⁰C