Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry...
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Transcript of Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry...
![Page 1: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Matter
![Page 2: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Matter occupies space and has mass
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
![Page 3: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mass is different from weight
• mass is the measure of the quantity of matter in an object
• weight is the force that gravity exerts on an object
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
– astronaut’s mass = 50 kg– astronaut’s weightearth
= 50 kg * 9.8 m/s2
![Page 4: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
On the moon, astronauts feel weightless
• weightmoon = 1/6 weightearth
http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/IMAGES/SMALL/GPN-2002-000146.jpg
![Page 5: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Classification of matter
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There are different ways to classify matter
• based on physical state (solid, liquid, gas)
• based on composition (substance, mixture)
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
![Page 7: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Classification of matterbased on physical state
(solid, liquid, gas)
![Page 8: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Properties of a solid
• retains its own shape and volume• virtually incompressible• does not flow
Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
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Properties of a liquid
• assumes the shape of the container• does not expand to fill container• virtually incompressible• flows readily
Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
![Page 10: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Properties of a gas
• assumes both the volume and shape of the container
• compressible• flows readily
Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
![Page 11: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Matter can change from one physical state to another
Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
![Page 12: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
* Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce change. It may take different forms, and heat is one of them.
Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
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Classification of matterbased on composition(substance, mixture)
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
![Page 14: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A substance has definite or fixed composition which does not vary from one sample to another
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
gold water
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Substances are further classified into two: elements and compounds
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Elements are composed entirely of one type of atom
Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
![Page 17: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Compounds are made up of two or more different kinds of atoms that are combined in fixed ratios
Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
![Page 18: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Note: There is a difference between a compound and a molecule
• compound– made up of two or more different kinds of
atoms joined together
Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
![Page 19: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Note: There is a difference between a compound and a molecule
• molecule– made up of two or more atoms joined together– the atoms may be the same or different
Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
![Page 20: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
![Page 21: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A mixture has a composition that may vary from one sample to another
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
silver and gold silver and gold in water
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Mixtures are further classified into two: homogeneous and heterogeneous
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
![Page 23: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Homogeneous mixture has the same composition and properties throughout the solution
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
![Page 24: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Heterogeneous mixture varies in composition and/or properties from one part of the mixture to another
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
![Page 25: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
![Page 26: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
![Page 27: Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062905/5a4d1af57f8b9ab059981611/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Properties of matter
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The properties of matter can be given in two ways
• extensive or intensive property• physical or chemical property
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Properties of matter(extensive or intensive property)
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Extensive property depends on the amount of matter being considered
• values of the same extensive property may be added together
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Cats/CatOnScale.jpg
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Intensive property does not depend on the amount of matter being considered
• values of the same intensive property may not be added together
• extensive / extensive = intensive
Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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For next week meeting
• Bring your scientific calculator
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Properties of matter(physical or chemical property)
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Physical property can be measured without altering the composition or identity of a substance
• physical change: only alters the physical make-up of a substance
Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
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Chemical property cannot be measured without converting the substance into some other substance
• chemical change: changes the chemical make-up of a substance
Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.