Matter and Its Properties
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Transcript of Matter and Its Properties
Matter and Its Properties
Physical Properties
• A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition.
– 1. Extensive –dependent on the amount of a substance• Examples: mass, length, volume, amount of energy in a substance
– 2. Intensive – independent of the amount of substance present• Examples: density, pressure, temperature, melting point, boiling point, ability to
conduct electricity
Is the example below extensive or intensive?• Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius no matter how much water is in the container
Chemical Properties
• Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.
• Example: The ability of charcoal (carbon) to burn in air. It combines with oxygen in the air to form a new substance, carbon dioxide gas.
Physical Change
• A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
• Examples: grinding, cutting, melting, boiling
Chemical Change
• A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.
• Example: Charcoal combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide
Law of Conservation of Mass
• mass is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction but is conserved
• Mass (reactants) = Mass (products)
50 grams before = 50 grams after
matter and energy
• matter: anything that has mass and takes up space
• energy: ability to do work or cause change• energy is used anytime a change in matter
occurs• energy is used anytime a change in matter
occurs
kinds of matter
• fundamental kinds of matter interact to form everything around us– elements– compounds– mixtures
elements
• substances that cannot be broken down into other substances chemically or physically
• examples– sodium– oxygen– carbon– aluminum
compounds
• substances made of two or more elements combined chemically
compounds have properties different from those of the
original elements
• examples– water: hydrogen and
oxygen– salt: sodium and chlorine
mixtures
• combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
• examples– salad– frosted cake– kool-aid
Heterogeneous Mixture
- Has visibly different parts (granite, chocolate chips, salad) 1. Suspension- a mixture whose particles settle out over time
and can be separated from the mixture by filtration.2. Colloid- a mixture in which the dispersed particles do not
settle out. (examples: milk, fog, butter, ink)
Homogeneous Mixtures
• Do not have visibly different parts( seawater, air, Kool-Aid)
- Also called a solution.
Separation of Mixtures
a separation process is used to transform a mixture of substances into two or more distinct parts based on their properties.
1. Filtration2. Distillation3. Chromatography
Filtration
• The process used to separate a solid or suspension from a liquid.
Distillation
• The separation of a liquid mixture into its components on the basis of differences in boiling points
Chromatography
• the separation, especially of closely related compounds, by allowing a solution or mixture to seep through an adsorbent (such as clay, gel, or paper) so each compound becomes adsorbed into a separate, often colored, layer.