Matter All matter has Mass and Volume. Every sample of matter is either an element, a compound, or a...
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Transcript of Matter All matter has Mass and Volume. Every sample of matter is either an element, a compound, or a...
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Matter
All matter has Mass and Volume.
Every sample of matter is either an element, a compound, or a mixture.
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Element
• A substance that cannot be broken down
into simpler substances by
chemical means.
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Atoms
• Each element is made of one kind of atom.
• Atoms are the smallest unit of an element
that maintains the chemical properties of
that element.
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Symbols
• Short hand way of writing element names.
• First letter capital. All others are lower case.
• One, two or three letters.
• Print like in kindergarten.
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Elements of the Human BodyIn order of amounts
• Oxygen about 66% of body.
• Carbon about 18%.
• Hydrogen about 10%.
• Potassium, calcium, sulfur,nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium 2% or less.
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Molecule
• Smallest unit of substance that behaves like the substance.
• Examples H2O, O2
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Compounds
• Substance made up of atoms of different elements.
• Each molecule of a compound contains 2 or more elements that are chemically combined.
• They combine in the same proportions.
• Example- NaCl, KOH
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Compounds
• Have unique properties
• Have properties unlike elements that combine to make the compound.
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Chemical Formula
• Shows how many atoms of each element make up the compound
• The number of atoms is written as a subscript after the element’s symbol.
• If only one atom, then no subscript.• NO, NO ones.• Numbers in front of compound show
molecules.• Example 3H2O
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Pure Substances
• Pure substance- matter that has a fixed composition.
• Elements and compounds are pure substances.
• Pure substances can not be separated into parts.
• They are chemically combined and can not be physically separated.
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Mixtures
• Combination of substances that are not chemically combined
• Can be separated into their parts
• Classified by how well they mix
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Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture
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Homogeneous Mixture
• Components are evenly distributed• Mixture is the same throughout• Can also be called a solution.• Example- gasoline-100 liquids• Gasoline is misicible.• Miscible- able to be mixed.• Immiscible-will not mix• Example- oil and water
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Heterogeneous Mixture
• Substances not evenly distributed
• Some are hard to recognize.
• Ex. Shirt- cotton and polyester
• salad
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Miscible and Immiscible
• Gasoline is miscible.• Miscible- able to be mixed.• Immiscible-will not mix• Example- oil and water• Gases can mix with liquids.• Gas-liquid mixture- carbonated drinks gas in drink and air bubbles foam egg whites
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Properties of Matter
• Physical properties
• Chemical properties
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Physical Properties• Characterists that can be observed without changing the identity of
the substance• Can help identify substances state, color• Can be observed and measured boiling point- the temp at which a liquid changes to a gas melting point-the temp at which a solid changes to a liquid • Help determine uses-antifreeze, aluminum foil • Example-strength, hardness, magnetism, ability to conduct heat or electricity, density
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Density
• D=m/v
• Measure of how much matter is contained in a certain volume of a substance
• Units- example- g/cm3, g/ml, cg/ml
• Water has a density of 1g/cm3
• A cubic centimeter has the same volume as a milliliter.
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Density, Mass, Weight
• Density is different from Mass.
• Mass and weight are different.
• D= mass/volume
• Mass- amount of substance
• Weight- pull of gravity on a substance.
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Chemical Properties
• Describes how a substance changes into a new substance, by
1. combining with other elements 2. breaking apart into new substancesExample- 1. Flammability – ability to burn 2. Nonflammability-does not burn 3. Reactivity- capacity of a substance to combine with another substance( iron + O = rust)
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Chemical and Physical Properties
• Are not alike
• Can observe physical properties without changing the identity of the substance
• Can observe chemical properties only in situations in which the identity of the substance changes
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Changes in Matter
• Physical Change-affects 1 or more physical properties of a substance without changing the identity of the substance
• Example- cutting hair, melting popsicle, crushing a can, sugar dissolving
• Do not change identity of substance• During physical change-energy is
absorbed or released, arrangement of atoms is the same even if looks different
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Chemical Changes
• Chemical change- happens when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances that have different properties.
• Examples- food digested, battery dies, oxygen breathed, fruit ripening
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Chemical Changes
• Form new substances• Interaction – the action or influence between things• Can be detected- change in color, odor, fizzing, foaming, sound, heat, light
Chemical changes can not be reversed by physical changes.(bread baking, rust, milk turning sour)
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Breaking Down Mixtures
Mixtures can be separated by physical changes.
Mixtures are not chemically combined.
Breakdown by removing pieces, heat, distillation, centrifuge, evaporation
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Breaking Down Compounds
• Breakdown through chemical changes
heat, electric current, chemical changes