Chapter 2 Physical Science Matter Preview What is Matter? Matter and Energy Properties of Matter.
MATTER
description
Transcript of MATTER
![Page 1: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MATTER
![Page 2: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Atoms• Smallest particles of matter that has all
the characteristics of an element• The nucleus is the central part of an
atom and contains:• Protons
• positive electrical charges • Neutrons
• neutral electrical charges
![Page 3: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Atoms• Energy levels (aka shells) surround the
nucleus and contain:• Electrons
• negatively charged particles
• The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
![Page 4: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Simple Model of Atoms
![Page 5: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Model of an Atom
![Page 6: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Elements & the Periodic Table
Element is a substance that can’t be broken down into any simpler substanceMost common
elements in Earth’s crust:
![Page 7: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Matter• Elements are the basic building blocks
of minerals• Over 92 naturally known elements• Pattern of Periodic Table: elements are
organized by their properties:Rows are called periods on the tableColumns are called groups on the table
![Page 8: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Akali Metals
Alkali Metals in Water
![Page 9: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Periodic Table
Atomic Number
Symbol
Element Name
Atomic Mass (aka Mass Number)
![Page 11: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Isotopes• Isotopes of an element have the same
number of protons but varying numbers of neutrons
• The mass number is the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
• These have different mass numbers: the sum of the neutrons plus protons
![Page 12: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Why Atoms Bond• When an atom’s outermost energy level
does not contain the maximum number of electrons, the atom is likely to form a chemical bond with one or more atoms
• A compound consists of two or more elements that are chemically combined in specific proportions.
• An ion is an atom that gains or loses electrons
![Page 13: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of Chemical Bonds
1. Ionic bonds form between positive and negative ions.
2. Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons.
3. Metallic bonds form between two metallic ions
![Page 14: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bonds
![Page 15: MATTER](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bfb550346895da54a68/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Bonds