Math 3 prim t2-web.pdf
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dGh HdG IQGRh QN dG Gg hGH e Z
-
...eCG h ijY ..G ijYJ dh ,VjdG d IQG dG V dG Gg d f CG fj
:MG H EG j a f dG Gg e IFdG:khCG.M dh b d edG a e cCdGh dG FG IAGb Lj
:kfKiMEG `dG `c`j CG `jh ,IO`e ``U HLEG GP SCG H LJg SCG g e dh .dCG a e g kah HLEG g H hCG
.GHEG d SSCG NG:kdKHh ,iNCG aG h VjdG H UGdG dGREG fL Qb dhM
dG Kj AdG c GPEGh ,gG eH j a ,dG IGh VjdG.FGHG MG e CGJ dd G jGdG Ea ,ffEG aG IMh Y G kcj j GPEG M ,dG a j e d jYh gCG J CG bj ddh
.dG g zVjdG{ EG: kHGQgG jJ jW Y dP jh ,fGLdG GgCG H G GgCG J
jdG LhCG H J fL EG (fdG dG e) YLG jdG H AGREGJ e dG e j b e J CG Y Ea K eh ,IOG SGQO AGREG Gh
.SQG feG a ke IOY j dP CG H aN hCG be hCG: keNfNCG a ,e a d edG jH fQYG a fNCG fCG VGdG e c GPEG
dG aG J H eh ,VjdG J a jG gG kjCG fQYG a.HG dG AGLEGh fG dH UG UdG b OGYCd
: kSOSG EG b UN LHh ,dG Gg OGYEG Y jG SQG hX YGQ d.dG QdG AGLEGh SdH UG GhOCG SG e fOCG
: kHSIOe IQU J CG jQdG OJ .jQJh fCG IMh c jf a LJfEa ,fCG eCG .gj S c IMdG g L AV a GQNG e,VjdG a dG fCG AMEG H bh ,IMdG Ve kfMCG RhJ bbdG a FGKEG fCG H Jh ,IMdG L YJ `` Y LH `` gh
JGP.fOH N a e EG dG ah
dDG
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dG :hCG IMdG:hCG SQdGUGNh dG Y LGe:fdG SQdG10 * dG
:ddG SQdG100 * dG:HGdG SQdG1000 * dG
:eG SQdGMGh bQ e e OY a cCG hCG bQ e e OY VhCG IMdG fCG
hCG IMdG jQJdG :fdG IMdG
:hCG SQdGdG Y e:fdG SQdGdG QN OjEG
:ddG SQdGdGh dG H bdG:HGdG SQdGjOdG OGYCGh LhdG OGYCG
:eG SQdGMGh bQ e e NBG Y OY bfdG IMdG fCG
fdG IMdG jQJSdG :ddG IMdG
:hCG SQdGG:fdG SQdGMG
ddG IMdG fCGddG IMdG jQJQdG :HGdG IMdG
:hCG SQdGJAGbh dG e:fdG SQdGjhG QdG
:ddG SQdGQdG J:HGdG SQdGjc H fQGh QdG JJ
:eG SQdGQdG Wh LHGdG IMdG fCG
HGdG IMdG jQJSdG :eG IMdG
:hCG SQdGIQGG Sb:fdG SQdGGWCG Sb
:ddG SQdGGRhCG Sb:HGdG SQdGedG Sb
eG IMdG fCGeG IMdG jQJ
MGh AMEG :SOdG IMdG:hCG SQdGfdG :fdG SQdGMG
SOdG IMdG fCGSOdG IMdG jQJ
edG jQdG fdG SGQdG dG Y eY LGe
127
1021
14171819
026292
33353839404145484950515354565759616364676971737475768084868792
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2fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(1)HG dH WCG OY Hc fCG J dG eY GSH:JBc
522 5++5 : CG dP j
WCG OY CG iCGj dHh
:jdG H cCG 722....... = ....... + ....... = 9....... = ................. = 4 6....... = .................. =1
522 5 =++10 = 510
...... = WCG OY =
-
3VjdG
)2 (:CG kjCG J 6 22 =22 6
.OGYCG d dH U Ggha)u(HG dH fSH dP e
:cCG75 =5 ..........6.......... =36 229 =9 .......... ..........8 =85
:j e cCG ,dG e LG (3)64 =63 6 + 164 =65 6 - 175 =7+ 4 .........89 =8 8 + .........75 =76 .......... -
:HG dH fSH cCG (4) 4 = `````c GdG OY........ 4 = AG`G GdG OY........ 4 = AbQdG GdG OY........
Hc dP e 4 4 = 8 4 + 5........
:cCG 7 6 7 = 7 + 4.... 6 9 6 = 6 + 6.... 8 221 8 = 8 + 9.... 9 ....= 9 9 + 98 5 .... 5 = 5 + 95.... .... 3 = 3 + 98
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4fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:HG dH fSH cCG (5) 5 = AGG GdG OY........ = ........ 5 = AG`G GdG OY........ = ........ ........ = ........ + ........ = ``````c GdG OY22
5gh OdG f e H Y J GdG g CG fYG GPEG fEa 3:IQdH Gd dG OdG Hc
5 322:dH jh
5 322 5) = (322 ........ =2230 =U a Gc 5 c J H U a UUe GdG g CG fYG GPEG eCG
3 dG OYh22:Hc fEa 5 322 5 = 3)22 5 = (30 = .....
:CG if dP e
5 322 5) = (322 5 = 3)22(
: CG M OY iCG5 : e OdG f = 11 =5
OY iCG5 : e U = U0 =0 1 OdG f = OY iCG
UU = OY iCG
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5VjdG
:cCG (1) 322 ...... + 3 =, 7...... + 7 = 4 66 + 6 + 6 + 6 = ......, 8...... = 3
5 = 5 + 5 + 5 ......, ...... = 9 + 9...... ...... = 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7...... , ...... = 1 + 1 ......
)2:cCG ( 3........ = 7, 4........ = 5 822........ =, 6........ = 4
22........ = 9, 3........ = 82210 = ......, 48 = ......22
......30 = 6, ......7 = 1 ......35 = 5, ......1 = ......
:cCG (3) 6 5 = 5...., 4 7 = ....4
....22 =229, 3 5 .... = 4422 6 .... = 55, 3 5 3 = 4....
62222 6 =...., 5 ....5 = 6226 .... .... = 9229, 8 4 = 9 ....9
22 1 = 722 ....7,4 5 30 = 6....
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6fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:cCG (4)
7 7 = 5 7 + 3 ...... , 822 8 = 1 8 + 8...... 9 9 = 7 ...... + 6 , 5 ...... + 4 = 4...... 5 ...... + 5 = 4 ...... , 8 8 = 8 ...... - 9
:cCG (5)
722 7 = 1 7 + 9......, 6 6 = 17 6 + 9... + 63 =...... = ...... =...... +...... =......
3 3 = 15 3 + .....9, 5 5 = 13 5 + ...... =...... +...... = ...... =...... +...... =......
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7VjdG
:HG dG a (1) :cCG10 + 10 = dG OY
10 =0 = .......22
)2:HG dG a (G``dG OY + 10 =........ +........
........ = ........ = 3
:cCG (3) 10 + 10 = 4........ + ........ + ........=........ 10........ = ........ + ........ + ........ + ........ + ........ = 5 10..... = ........ + ........ + ........ + ........ + ........ + ........ = 6
:JBG hG cC K dG JG M (4)
110
22330
456789 10
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8fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:cCG (5) 10 + GY 6 = GY Y = 10.........GY
60 =+........ = ........ 7 10 = 10........ =........ + GY 4 = GY.........GY
........ = ........ + ........ =
:`````X````e
220 = 1022 3 , 4 ,30 = 10.Gg ....... ,40 = 10ak: 70 1 =0 17 =07 15 ,0 = 10 1 = 150,15
6801 =0 168 =068...Ggh
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9VjdG
:cCG (1) 810 10 =........ = ........ ........10 10 =90 = ........ 1022 10 = 3........ = ........ 1022 1 =22 1........ = ........ 5 7 ........ = 10........ = 10 ........10 10 =530 = ........
)2 (GSH HdG FdG U e .G SM
(3). kTb N e MGdG K ,UUQ bCG 10 AGT a hAQ aj kTb c MG....................................................................................
(4)Y GPEG GQf aJ c MG ,Hch SGc 10 GQf TG.L IY dG Kh L KK SGdG K CG...............................................................................
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10fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:cCG 10022........ = 100 + 100 = 100........ = ........ + ........ + ........ + 100 = 4 100........ = .............................. + 100 = 7
100 CG EG f M jdG H f CG h1000 = 10:CG QYG dc
10010.e Y =.e N + e N =
1000 = 500 + 500 = kjCGh 10010.e Y =
.e K + e S =
....... = ...... + 700 =Ggh...
:JBG dhG a S e
100........ = 0 100........ = 1 10022........ = 100........ = 3 100........ = 4 100........ = 5 100........ = 6 100........ = 7 100........ = 8 100........ = 9 100...... = 10
:cCG 0........ = 100 1........ = 10022........ = 100
3........ = 100 4........ = 100 5........ = 100 6........ = 100 7........ = 100 8........ = 100 9........ = 100
10...... = 100
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11VjdG
:`````X````e2200 = 10022 5 , 9 ,500 = 100.Gg ....... ,900 = 100
:ka 700 = 100 18 ,700 = 100,18 3700 = 100....Gg ,37
:cCG (1) 6 100 = 100..... = ..... ..... , 100 = 100700 = ......22 4 ... = 100... = 100 100 ,822 ..... =..... = 100
100 5 100 = 7... = ... .... , 100 = 1007400 = .....
)2:cCG ,S 100 = G CG J ( ,S ...... = QeCG 7 7 C...... = 100 ,S ...... = QeCG 9 .. C...... = 100
522 ,S ..... = G ke .. C...... = 100
:cCG ,fH jT mL 100 aj OY dGh CG Y GPEG (3) ,L ..... = TCG 8 a aj e 8 C...... = 100 ,L ... = TCG 10 a aj e 10 C.... = 100,L ... = ec S a aj e ..... C..... = .....
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12fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:cCG 10003........ = 1000 + 1000 + 1000 = 10005........ = ........ + ........ + ........ + ........ + 1000 =
1000 CG EG f M jdG H f CG h10000 = 10:CG QYG dc
100010.BG IY =.BG KK + BG S =
10000 = 3000 + 7000 =:cCG 100010.BG IY =
+ BG 4 =.........BG =........ +........ =........
:JBG eCG M 8 8000 = 10009229000 = 100022
4747000 = 1000
:cCG (1)71000 1000 =................ =
........1000 1000 =........9000 = 22
41000 ........ =1000........ =3 ........1000 ........ =10006000 =
22 ........1000 1000 =........10000 =7 ........1000 1000 =........56000 =
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13VjdG
)2:cCG (30 40 100 =........ = ........8 50 ........ =100........ =6 0022 ........ =100........ =10 170 100 =................ =
........ 10 =22 5 100........ = ........ 100 ........ = 10007000 =
:cCG ,GL 1000 = GLdG CG J (3) ,GL ........ = eGLc 4 4 C........ = 1000
22 ,GL ........ = keGL `c 1 C22 1........ = 1000 ,GL 34000 = keGL c ........ ........ C ........ = ........
(4)L 1000 G MC HdG Se j:G Gg HQ j CG bJ GPe ,vYSCG
( CG ).......................... ?HSCG S a()........................ ?HSCG fK a(`L)...................... ? kYSCG jY a
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14fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:(1) ``e V UM LhCG22 1:4
CG M221HG OY g 4G G jj dG IdG
.HG dH gOY He e j fC)22 + 122 + 122 + 122(1
= IdG HG OY22 10 + 4448 = 40 + 8 =
:JBG IQdH G Hc dHh
.........40 + 8
2214
2210 +4
:(2) ``e3 V UM LhCG22 1:53220 + 3 = 122100 +
.........
32215
615 = 500 + 100 + 15
0 + 322100 +
5
CG iCG22 148 = 4 4 dch48 = 12
3 CG iCG22 1615 = 53 dch22 1615 = 5
He e j U c CG M.MCG fd He 10h UCG fd
-
15VjdG
:cCGh M (1)
615
32215
.........
952236
43736
54678
11136
784224
553 1 1 133
)2:VG (
.........
34222222
.........
67439
.........
54894
.........
342263
623418702 = 3.G SM SH HdG dG e Y c f U e cCJ
(3)
G K c GPEG e aO c .dH d TdG e QeCG 3 e iTG? kL 89 MGdG
.......... = TdG K . kL .......... = ..........
(4)iTG , kL hY eh d O gP
22,GLd L 3 H WdG e c K QG e eGL ch22iTG c L
H JdG e c 322c ,GLd L?dG e LhN Y O e J kL
f g SCGQ jH dG UM CG MaCG jH dG UM
1 1
-
16fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:cCG (5)
4515
6457
3 7 2
6 576
222131
36 8229
983490 = 5 5 =4 3231347
5 866
:dG H cCG (6). ...... , ...... , 625 , 125 , 25 , 5
. ..... , ..... , 10000 , 100 , 10. ...... , ...... , 216 , 36 , 6
SG edH cCG (7)> hCG= hCG
-
17VjdG
(1). bQCG 4 e kfe G kOY MCG c?HV UM j a ,8 g OdG Gg bQCG CG Y GPEG
)2( 7 CG f 7 ,35 = 5 = 622 7 ,4.56 = 8:JBG cCGh jhG g SG
7 .... = .... + .... = 11 7 ,.... = .... + .... = 14 7 .... = .... + .... = 13 7 ,.... = .... + .... + .... = 19
:CG Y GPEG (3) 49 49 ,343 = 71470 =30
:cCG 49 = 70...., 49 = 3.... 49 = 77.... +.... = ...., 49 = 33.... +.... =.... 49 = 37.... +.... = ...., 49 = 73.... +.... =....
(4)(G SH fSG ) :JBG jhG U e 22 = 322++ 3++ 3)(9
5 = 75++ 7++ 7)(9 3 = 63++ 6++ 6 )(9 0 = 80++ 8++ 8)(9
HG K ,Y e iNCG G kOGYCG uLGP, kFGO kU dG Gg j:JBG jhG (jdG H) cCGh
7 = 47++ 4++ 4)(... 8 = 68++ ...++ 6)(...
....................................................................... = 96
....................................................................... = 84
....................................................................... = 59
-
18fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:dG LhCG (1) 7... = 10, 8... = 100, 9... = 100022 4... = 100, 722... = 5,022... = 100
)2:JBG hG cCG (5221
7003900100
100
:JBG dG Y LCG (3)
.........
1146
317 ..... = 9
255 ..... = 5
.........
3087
:cCG (4)
54 8
9 36
223
22 022
5 6 3
59
(5)K LhCG K . kTb 675 MGdG G K c GPEG ,TdG e Q`eCG 8 K LhCG80.TdG Gg e G ke( CG )...................................................... :QeCG 8 K
().................................................... :G ke 80 K
-
SdGRhQ He
-
20fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(1)OGj NCGh MCH fe Gc 8 j dGAT NCJ H ffh AT H jRJ
.AGG GdG ff NCJh ,AGG GdG
: dG Y e
:cCGAG````````G GdG OY................ =AG```````G GdG OY................ =
;GdG e OdG f dG e c NCS dG g a.dG H ihdH b GdG EG f dd
:cCG ......... = 822
-
21VjdGSdGRhQ He
(2)H ihdH J OGj Ic 13 j dG.ch SHh jT
:HG SdH fSH cCGCG GdG e OY cCG
......... = e c gNCj......... :G GdG OY
......... = 13 ......... + 3
7 = 70 CG Y GPEG (4)x: ddG dG cCG 10
WCG ........... Y ihdH iM b .......... jRJ Y.iM b ............ W c NCa ,edH jRJ J
(3)( CG )............................... ?W H ihdH bCG 7 jRJ g().......................... ?e c NCj CG bCG e OY cCG e(`L)................................................... ?G bCG OY e
........... = 722...... +
-
22fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
jhG J dG JBG dG Hc cCG (5) 6 = 48x8
jRJ eCG ,eJ ........... Y ihdH SGc ........... d.AT sj h ,SGc ........... J c NCa ,edH
:JBG jhG e vc d Y e b cG (6)
( CG ) 10 = 303()622 5 =1 + 5(`L) 9 = 38 + 422(`L) 9) = 67 10) + ( 3 (4
:HG dG e IMe b cG (7) :dG...................................
...................................
...................................
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23VjdGSdGRhQ He
dG eY GSG
(1)
)2(
iM b 18 J Yc Ea WCG KK H ihdH.iG b OY f NCS WGSH OdG Gg Hc h
) dG eY:JBc (
18 = W c f(3 Y 18 CGJh) 3:a ,ihdH a W H iG g b GPEG eCG
......... = W c f.........
Vh FY IdGh jJ22a dJH 14OY f W c a j H WCG
.JdG:cCG
........ = W H JdG OY........
(3)WCG a MJ 15 Vh e IdGh jJ.MJ 5 Y W c ij H
:cCG ........ = WCG OY........
-
24fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(5)4 f OGj22GSH SCG IQTJ IQ`dG fc GPEG .f f IQS
22Ie c a IQT 1.:cCG
.... = eRdG GG OY....
(6) Rj CG eS dGh jj22SGc 13h.KdG dWCG H ihdH bCG
:cCG .... = SGdG e W c f....
.... = bCG e W c f....
(4)eS H ihdH J OGj Ic 12 j dGQOf Gch ,NCG dH eS Gc ud ;QOfh
:cCG K ,UCG dH
22 ......... = 122
-
25VjdGSdGRhQ He
:cCG ,HG dH fSH (8)
.... = ihdH jddG e c f....
(9):JCj c Y J b cG
( CG )62222() 455
(7)0 H gMCG iG e c e IdGh TG2YRhh .b 12 Y ij NBGh b
.M NCGh e H ihdH:cCG
....) = W c f ....) + (....(....c iG YRh K , ke dH e e IdGh Vh GPEG
.... j W c f Ea ,W H ihdH.... ....) CG iCG ....) + (.... .... = (....+....
-
26fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:cCGh ihdH Rh (1)
.IRe Y j Ob c 6...... = 3
)2 (
.JH H VJ S c 822...... =
(3)
.jdG b e Y j W c22 1...... = 4
-
27VjdGSdGRhQ He
(4)
.GQL Y j fQCG c .......... = ....
:Me 8 dG Y Hc = 422IQdG Y: e 10IQdG Y 5 = 2
dGY dG
2284
:JBG dG Y LCG (5)
622...... =
422...... = 8
35...... = 7
....105
....2214
....153
....8227
....2246
....02222
....3010....546....497
(6)0 e jJ ja c22Wke OdG f e ja c j H , ..YdG eH W d eQGh , M 3 SQG.
hCG dGfdG dGddG dG
2284
-
28fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:OdGh dG (7)
:cCG ?G GH ij CG j GPa . kTb 150 W c e CG Y GPEG
kTb 15
522 kTb
.Ue ij CG Y
.bCG iJ CG jf
kTb 75.JL iJ CG Ag
kTb 50
.jH b ij CG Y
Tb 30.Fa iJ CG g
-
29VjdGSdGRhQ He
:(khCG)
6223 =
622
322
IQe MJ 3 HG dG QYG 6 LEG OdG j dHh ,Je.MJ
:JBG dG Y Y j dG Ea dG g a
.MJ 3 b H ,b EG e MJ 6 dG QYG c
:JBc ke dG Hc h
:JBG dG Y Y j dG Ea dG g a
3226 =
:cCGh HG dG M (1)
................ = 3 ........ = 3........
...3
...3
-
30fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:cCG (2)
7..........
..........8
4
4
3122
22.....
.....35 ......
:(kfK)
18 b QN Lf d fCG f S GPEG idG OdG Y f fEa 3 V18 j 3
:HG dG SG Y j dHh
6 CG f fCG h18 = 3 18 j da6 = 3
?3
183
(1)1 dG j 7 a V GPEG idG OdG LhCG22dG Y SG K ,.IXG
:cCG ........1 = 7221 dHh22 ........ = 7
-
31VjdGSdGRhQ He
)2:H c cCG (:``e
654 = 9 954 = 6
546 = 9 549 = 6
72... = 8
8... = ... 6... = 8
...8 = ... ...... = 8
:cCG (3)
186 = ...... ......9 = 9
357 = ...... ......9 = 8
......8 = 10 16 = ......22
36...... = 4 ......8 = 6
.....9 = 3 45.... = 9
1422...... = .....7 = 7
7....6
4422....
....1223
....405
7....8
4....8
.HdG FdG U e d G SM SG
7... = 5 5... = 7
...... = 7 ...... = 5
...... = ... ...... = ...
...... = ...
-
32fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(4).faCG 9 VQCG Me fc GPEa .Ma 3 Y ihdH VQCG b b?a c f a
.faCG ....... = .............. = a c f
(5)
(6)
JSCG Y ihdH YRhh ,ISCG e c e G kOY Q iTG.c 3 Oa c f a .OGaCG 4 e fG
:cCG.kHc ....... = ......... = Q gGTG dG dG OY
ja c c GPEa .HG iMEG a IFdG IdG a kY 54 TG6 e j?cQG dG OY a .Y
.a ....... = ................ = dG OY
.G SM SH HdG FdG U e
-
33VjdGSdGRhQ He
(1):JBc G dCG Y fJ VjdG HdG M a`````````dG Ic:.G kJ 14`````````dG Ic:.eJ 10I```FdG IdG:22.G kJ 1``bdG j:.eJ 9
Y c e SQG W,e U a J CG
:cCG ,Y d dG OY OjE ;GQhe GJ U H`````````dG Ic: _ 1422.... = dG OY dHh .... jh .... =
:`````````dG Ic _ 1022.... = dG OY dHh .... jh .... =I```FdG IdG:22 _ 122.... = dG OY dHh .... jh .... =
j``bdG: _ 922.... = dG OY dHh .... jh .... =CG J d eCG hCG dG YG e Y H fCG S Mj
j h , vU fd QGH j d keR jsj dG g a ,O MCGj (MCG j CG hO GhRCG EG J eCG jdG) ed dG OdG
G kOY GgvLhR.eR d Lh J c CG a ,INCG Yd dH eCGkQGH j
G kOY dG g a OdG fh ,O J H dhjOav.
-
34fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
.GhRCG jJ dhM ,JBG TCG e c a:ziOa{ hCG zLhR{ c HH cCGh T c M
)2(
(3)
... OY... OY... OY
,AT j CG hO GhRCG EG J LhdG OdG CG S Y VCG GPEG dHh22 vLhR S LhR OY iC(?GP)iC 1 VCG GPEG eCG
vjOa S fEa LhR OY(?GP)OY iCG CG dP e f CG hCG 0 eEG OMBG bQ j LhR22.8 hCG 6 hCG 4 hCG
OMBG bQ a iOdG OdG eCG.9 hCG 7 hCG 5 hCG 3 hCG 1 eEG
ka22,(?GP) - vLhR G kOY j 187(?GP) - vjOa G kOY j 7845
:j a LhdG OGYCG vN V (4)
, 406922003 , 74 , 173522 ,22300
(5)( CG ). ......... , ......... 100 Y LhR jOY cG(). ......... , ......... 100 Y jOa jOY cG
-
35VjdGSdGRhQ He
(1)aQ HQCG Y kHc 484 jRJ OGj ,G iMEG a?Q c a VJ dG dG OY e ,ihdH
Y f g S Q H dG OY CG f 484 dG:dG Gg OjE ,4 484 CG f 400 =++ 80++4
e 4 =++8 GY++.OMBG 4 e 4100 = IMGh Fe = 4
GY 80 = JY = 422 OMBG 41 = MGh = 4
100 = Q H dG OY j dHh++022++1 = 1221 484 CG iCG1 = 4221
kHc
:H c cCG (2)
:2``e 396 3 300100 = 3 9030 = 3 6 = 322
396 = 32213
842222002222..... =
8022..... = 422..... =
842222..... =
848 4 800..... = .... .......... = .... .......... = .... 8484..... =
-
36fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:JBG dG Y e d ITe dG LhCG (3)
963........... = 3, 46022........... = 804........... = 4,22 64822........... = 9300........... = 3, 7070 = 7...........
(4)6 j CG LJ OGQCG22a iM b 6f Y c c ij H c
.dG OY?c c a dG OY a
:cCG622 _ 622........... =
........... g c H dG OY
:JBG dG Y LCG (5)
422 622........... =, 666........... = 6 636........... = 3, 505........... = 5 999........... = 9, 80022........... =
22 46822........... =, 5500........... = 5 8044........... = 4
-
37VjdGSdGRhQ He
(6)6 e eh eS dGh Rh2222?e c f e .ihdH Y kL............................................................................
(7)450 dG edG OY c GPEa .OdG jhe a 9 H FGHG SQe?MGdG dG eJ OY a .G kJ
.................................................. = MGdG dG eJ OY
(8)GPEa ,dG Je MCG a WCG T V WCG e he OY J j8 J 22?jCG 5 a J jdG WCG OY c ,jCG 8 a kW 3
MGdG dG a J j jdG WCG OYkW ........... = ........... =kW ........... = ............... = jCG 5 a J j jdG WCG OY
(9)Rj H , GY a dG e eGL c 108 j CG LJ jj S GY Y dG f22S GY a Zj NBG dGh ,GLc
?bCG Y f c e LdG Gg Lj IY c .eGL c 6....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-
38fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:cCG (1)
100359 ....... = 7822....... = 5 10 6488 ....... = 970 3690 ....... = 8....... = 9 65 65 ....... = 70....... = 6 65 ....... = ....... + ....... = 76
.......406226
:dG H cCG (2)22. ....... , ....... , ....... , ....... , 8 , 4 ,
1522. ....... , ....... , ....... , ....... , 860 , 430 ,16 , 129622 . ....... , ....... , 36 ,
SG edG iMEH cCG (3)> hCG= hCG
-
39VjdGSdGRhQ He
(1)ddG FG a IOQGdG HLEG fc GPEG e H:dG H e U Z CG U
( CG ) 5983986 = 7)............ :C ;(() 17796596 =)............ :C ;((`L)594226378 = 4)............ :C ;(( O )8522565 = 922)............ :C ;(
(2)GPEa ,SQGe 8 Y ihdH G iMEG a SOdG GH jdG WCG Rh?SQe c f a ,4880 g WCG ADg OY c
......................................................... = SQe c f
-
41VjdGSdGRhQ He
dG Gg j idG LQG G W g T iCG CG aY CG S:Ea dHh
YVCG GWCG ihj e iCG
(1)Ge) JBG TCG e T c MG(d IMc dG HG V W
.IMh ..... = G.IMh ..... = G.IMh ..... = G
)2:HG dH fSH cCG (:g G VCG GWCG
e .......... , .......... , ..........:G a PEG ;GdG
.......... + .......... + .......... =.G kS .......... =
-
42fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(3). MG ,GdG e 8 ,5 ,4 YVCG GWCG e................................................................... = G
(4)00 dG e VQCG b22V W CG Y GPEG - e.ddG V W LhCa ,G ke 140 e
...........................................................................
:HGh G
U S HGh O `L CG G dG dG (1)
O`L
CG
SU
:cCG ,GWCd IMc dG HG V W PJH
CG`L , IMh ........ =.IMh ........ =O `LCG O , IMh ........ =.IMh ........ =U S U , IMh ........ =.IMh ........ =
S , IMh ........ =.IMh ........ =
-
43VjdGSdGRhQ He
O`L
CG
)2 (fSH ,O `L CG G HG dG:cCG dH
.S ...... = O CG ,GS ...... = CG.jNBG dG W SG
.S ...... = `L ,GS ...... = O `L.G kS ...... = .................. = G
O
`L
CG
(3)fSH ,O `L CG HG HG dG:cCG dH
bH GWCG SG GS ...... = CG.HG MGh VCG
.G kS ...... = .................. = HG
(4) . MG ,GS 3 V W He
.................................................................... = G
-
44fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(5) . MG ,GS 3 VYh ,GS 8 dW e
.................................................................... = G
(6)dPh ,JBG TCG e T d G MG:T c Y G VCG GWCH fSH
S ... = GS ... = GS ... = G
S 42S
2S2S S 3
S 3
S 1S 12S
S 3S 4S 4
.S 4 = O `L ,S 5 = `g CG ,S 3 = CG ,He `g O `L .`g O `L HG MG ( CG )
..................................`g CG G MG ()
..................................`g O `L CG dG dG MG (`L)
.................................
:HG dG a (7)S 3
S 4
S 5
O
`g
`L
CG
-
45VjdGSdGRhQ He
(1)dG IdG HG OY LhCG ,cCG G kM j JBG dG e iCG a.T c e j
:cCG... = (1) bQ dH IdG HG OY... = (2) bQ dH IdG HG OY
.cCG G kM j idG g (...) da dHh:CG iCG (...) dG Me e cCG (...) dG Me EG f dG g a
IMdG J a ,eG IMdG Y bJ dG Me Ea dHh.dG Me J
(1))22(
dG Gd fG GMdG OH QJ dG Me
)2 ( G k````e ,JBG ```TCG e c M``e ``MG:Md IMc
... = MG... = MG... = MG
-
46fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(3) G k```e ,JBG ``TCG e c M`e ```MG:Md IMc
... = MG... = MG... = MG
:G IMdG H HG dG Me cG (4)... = MG
... = MG
... = MG
(5)M ke G kc ke HG dG:e EG dG
( CG )HG V W YG,GWCd IMc dGdG HG Meh,Md IMc
:JBG hG cCGh():GP a K H hCG H LCG
= dG G ( /f) G
= dG G Me( /f) G Me
MCG GGMG..................
UCG GdG G
-
47VjdGSdGRhQ He
(6)( CG ) ?MG f HG KdG TCd g( /f)................................. ?GP
() G f d c GPEG e HG( /f)................................. ?GP
(`L).G f d d dh MG f d T SQG
( O ).MG f d d dh G f d T SQG
-
48fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(1)e d MGh G LhCG,HG dH G G
:JBG hG cCGh
(2):G IMdG H HG d MGh G LhCGW g IMdG QYH) IMh ...... = G
.(dG HG V... = ... = ... = MG
(3)be TCG S EG ke kHe HG dG.7 EG 1 e
:Md IMc (1) dG Me PJH( CG ):JBG hG cCGh TCG bH Me LhCG
():dG TCG H e... , ... :He T bQ cG -
... ,... :jNBG He T bQ cG -... ,... :He d dh MG a jhe T bQ cG -
... ,... :He dh MG a jhe jNBG T bQ cG -
MCG GG
MG.........
...
... ...
UCG G NCG G
17
2254
6
311
22...
3...
4...
5...
6...
7...
dG HG...
dGMe
-
49VjdGSdGRhQ He
(1)H aG CG Y GPEG HG dG a.MGh S dW de f c
dG Gg LhCG...........................................
(2).HG IMdG H HG dG Me LhCG.... = dG Me.... =
.... =
(3)( CG )... S 3 V W He LhCGS ....... = ...................... = HG
(). S10 ,S7 ,S5 YVCG GWCG ,e LhCGS ....... = ..................... = G
(4) kT SQG ,HG HdG dG a.dW GMh 8
(GWCd IMc dG HG V W YG)
(5)Me kT SQG ,HG HdG dG a.He GMh 8
(Md IMc dG HG Me YG)
-
51VjdGSdGRhQ He
:dG H ud (1)
1``````22``````3
3``````5
:G AG Y j idG dG cG (2)
.....................
.....................
:OGYCG N Y HdG NGO SdG ceCG a JBG QdG cG (3)
,,, 5``````1022``````10
7``````109``````10
1U
-
52fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
= ```````````K```````````````f == SCG HQCG``````````````````K== KCG S ```SCG N== JCG HQCGSGSCG N=
...``````......``````......``````......``````...
...``````......``````......``````......``````...
(4)K ck?dG MGdG a ..................................
?dG MGdG a kHQ c..................................
?dG MGdG a kN c..................................
:cCG (5)
= = = = = = 17``````......``````6
...``````...3``````...
...``````4...``````5
:JBG QdG cG (6)
:JBG QdG e c c Y j kT SQG (7)
34
34,,,56
5678
7849
49
-
53VjdGSdGRhQ He
:CG Mf dG e = = = = 1``````23``````64``````85``````10
2``````4
1``````21``````2
1``````41``````6
1``````81``````10
1``````101``````10
1``````101``````10
1``````101``````10
1``````101``````10
1``````10
1``````81``````8
1``````81``````8
1``````81``````8
1``````8
1``````61``````6
1``````61``````6
1``````6
1``````41``````4
1``````4
:cCGh SG (1)
= = = = = = = 1``````23``````6
5``````10...`````2`21
...``````148``````...
10``````......``````...
:dH ke cCG (2)
==
=
2````3
...```6`
...````......````...
1````...
3````...
6````...
3````4
=
1
-
54fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
=
33... =, 63... =:cCG
:dHh3``````61``````22
(1)dG G AG QYG HG dG e.dG dG QYG c dG1``````2
3``````6
:CG f HG dG e (2)
:cCG (3)
= 4`````2`211``````3
4...1 =,22 1...3 =
, =3
3=
4
4
3``````61``````3
4`````2`11``````2
=5
5=
...
...=
...
...
5``````10...``````...
6``````83``````...
1``````...7`````1`2
-
55VjdGSdGRhQ He
:cCG (4)
== ,= ,= , 9`````7`21``````...
15`````5`2...``````5
21``````182``````...
7``````701``````...
:JBG QdG e vc uH (5)
== ,= ,= , 4`````2`1...``````...
3``````30...``````...
6`````1`2...``````...
35``````45...``````...
:jhG QdG pU (6)
3``````41``````2
14`````1`24``````14
7``````1415`````0`2
2``````72``````3
-
56fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(1)cCG ,jhe AGLCG fK EG e Ia iTG.bdG KdG AGLCG jU YCGh AGLCG 5 e
:cCG.IdG cCG
.IdG jU NCGh...................................... ?jU f CG f :cCG jCG
:cCG ,= ,
-
57VjdGSdGRhQ He
:cCGh JBG TCG e vc M (1)
2``````83``````8
...``````... = +1``````6
2``````6...``````... = +
...``````......``````... = +
...``````...
:dH c LG (2)3``````5
1``````54``````54``````5
1``````5
= +2``````7
3``````7...``````... = +
1``````43``````4
...``````... =... = + ,
:H c cCG (3)
:``edHh, 2``````95``````9
7``````9 = +7``````9
2``````95``````9 = -
7``````95``````9
2``````9 = -
dHh, 3``````71``````7
...``````... = +...``````...
3``````71``````7 = -
...``````......``````...
...``````... = -
dHh, 2``````53``````5
...``````... =1 = +12``````5
...``````... = -1...``````...
...``````... = -
-
58fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:WG (4)
, 5``````83``````8
...``````... = -,4``````9
2``````9...``````... = -
3``````111``````11
...``````... = -
:cCG (5)
, 1``````74``````7
...``````... = +,5`````2`1
...``````...9`````2`1 = +1
...``````...3``````10=
, 11``````2...``````... = -,
3``````5...``````...
2``````5 = -4``````7=
+
...``````...1``````7 -
, ...... 3``````41``````4 = -, ...
1``````32``````3 = +=
1``````61``````6 -
-
59VjdGSdGRhQ He
:JBG G hL cCG (1)
1``````72``````7
3``````7
.........
...... ...
... ...
1
1``````7
3``````74``````7
(2)( CG )dEG VCG GPEG idG dG edG c?
......................................()dEG VCG GPEG idG dG e?kU G kMGh dG c
......................................(`L)e W GPEG idG dG edG c?
......................................( O )e W GPEG idG dG edG c?
......................................
2`````5
3`````4
4`````93`````9
4`````93`````9
3`````5
+
-
60fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:QdH uY (3)( CG )?c d dH b c GPe - jhe b 8 H L Y
............................................................. = dG()?e c f GPe - AbUCG HQCG H ihdH Ia b
.............................................................. = dG(`L)bh dH e b YQR - jhe b 5 EG VQCG b b
:UCG VQCd dH JCj c GPe - RQCH bh dH. ............... :dH YhQG VQCG. ............... :dH YhQG VQCG. ............... :RQCH YhQG VQCG
( O )OY Y j idG dG e - MQ a e 8 gP ,G kJ 36 H a?dG eJ Od dH MdG a GgP jdG edG
:dG ke ,dG HLEG v` `N V 3``````8
22``````91``````18
1``````4
:cCd UCG e S c j H SCG SQ cCG (4)
U3``````10
9``````10
1``````2
12``````10
-
61VjdGSdGRhQ He
:T c SCG G dG dG AGLCG d (1)
5``````82``````3
2``````5
)2 (e c a G AG idG dG uM:JBG TCG
1``````33``````4
2``````42``````3 ,,,
3``````63``````4
1``````42``````3 ,,,
1``````31``````2
1``````4 1``````6 ,,,
:cCG (3)1``````52``````5
...``````... = +8``````9
5``````9... = -15``````8... = -
2``````76``````... =
6``````108``````16
3``````... =...``````2 =
, ,
, ,:JBG QdG e c jhj e uM
( CG ))(
())(
(`L))(
+,,-1 3``````51``````5
3``````516`````0`22
22``````5,
+
,
,, 6``````7
6``````93``````7
9``````113``````7
9``````159``````14
221``````15
2``````3
-
62fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
SG edG kee cCG (4)> hCG= hCG
-
SdGRhQ He
-
64fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:jG IQGG LQO (1)zIQGG Ge{ (eedG)
:Jee NG?zIQGG Ge{ j AT iCG a
?zIQGG Ge{ eedG j c?iOdG fEG IQGM LQO e
?IQGG LQO H QJ dG GMdG e.fEG Ve ge H cPG
.......... SH fEG IQGM LQO SJ........... J GMH IOY IQGG LQO QJh
:cCG
)2:G dM (jG IdH dG a Ge IY iNCG YEG FShh jdG dja UGY a idG IQGG LQOh dG IQGG LQO Va
.dGh HdG UGdG Hh ebJ IQGG LQO fL EG jG IdG J c
cMh bG jG gGd kUhh QeCG.(dG a GeCG cM) QGh Gh jdGzG dM{ : AL e EG j a fhMCG a IgdG a QJ ej U a
:jO T jCGJh kd OQH G kQf Ad Fe W{
Jh ,IgdGh idG LdG a Y kMU FG IQdG a jDhdGY dG j c ,OdG Th T Y SGh G dG
-
65VjdGSdGRhQ He
.zde EG N bT dT EG dT ZCG jdGh ,AS Sh e:dGh HdG hdG UGY H ah jG G H a IQGG LQH H j ah
jG
IgdGjQSEG
heGSCGSCG
SQHdG TYSEG
jdGjdG
HWQdG
bOdGaQ
jJc fSISG
dGQS SCGQ
gSbCG
jG iOGdGJTh jM
Wb
jf
11221221
118
16141111109
13149788221
1310101116101013
IQGG LQOidG
IQGG LQOdG
2222122
19622322122622
2222322
2222223322822
222217
122322
22222222
322522522522122422522
jGIQGG LQOdG
IQGG LQOidG
eAUXHCGMhdGjdGeOhHY
WGOGH
FGGQjf
KCGehQ
jQHjQedHd
Se
30422322022
1616
02215
92218
0221116157
106221
4
1611161461221
4167957161443
-
66fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:HdG hH fSH cCG
( CG ) ```Y IQG```M ``LQO ``YCG `fc ``e ``a Q```WEG a........... bCGh............
. ........... bCGh ........... iU IQGM LQO YCG fch()gdG J dG ceCG a ,jO T a e a MH dG OQCG GPEG
?(IQGG LQd kah) dEG. ........... , ........... , ........... , ........... , ...........
(`L):hG a IQcG HdG UGdG QWEG a. ........... bCGh ........... Y IQGM LQO YCG. ........... bCGh ........... iU IQGM LQO YCG
( O ):dG UGdG QWEG a. ........... bCGh ........... `Y IQGM LQO YCG. ........... bCGh ........... iU IQGM LQO YCG
(`g)dG YJ dG SCG gCG e J jG QKBG CG f fSGQO AV a) NBG kS VCG .e IQjR EG fLCG
.JQjR EG gYj (dG............................................................................
............................................................................ ............................................................................
( h )EG IQGG LQO M e bCG J HY UY cPG ?IgdG...........
. ...................................... ?J dG zdG{ IQGG LQO e?jG IdG IFa e
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
( R )a e jN Y dG Gg a jdG cM J kSCG SQG.HdG dG
-
67VjdGSdGRhQ He
a (dGh G) SGQO HdG dG GMh GSG G e d.GMdG g d Gkf dPh ;G H aG M e SdG M H
.edG g cCG iNCG IMh Y SdG JG a g eh e 1000 = edGf QNdh 1000 = c 1
(1)Y H GedH aG dG hG j.HdG e jQL a bGGh G e
```H ```bGG /`````G
(jJc fS jW) HW - IgdG.iM MCG dG f - IgdG
.jJc fS - iM MCG dG f
aGGedH
3226131319
IgdGdG
jJc fS
HW
aG LhCG ,hG GH fSH:GedH JBG
( CG )iM MCG dG f H aG. ..............................HWh
()j`Jc fSh Ig``dG ``H aG. ...................................
(`L).HWh jJc fS H aG. .............................
( O )Y M dG aG JQ. .............................vdRJ
)2 (:JBG SCG Y LCG( CG ). ...... ?HWh jJc fS J e e e iCG a
().UN LH HW Yh ,AS jQJ Y aJ e cPG (jdG bd)
-
68fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(3):QeCG EG GedG e uM( CG ).Gec 5 ....... = c 5
().G kec 15 ....... = c15(`L)22.G kec 122 ....... = c1
:GdG EG QeCG e uM (4)( CG )522.G ke().G ke 43(`L).G ke 570
522S ....... = S ....... = 43S ....... = 570
(5)dG GMh H e Sd Se J GMdG iCG cPG:ddG SdG e d e dG - G - dG :ddG
.G SM SH HLEG U e J CG
( CG ). ............ Yh IgdG H aG
(). ............ MS M W
(`L)............ jQSEGh IgdG H aG
( O ). ............ UUdG dG W
(6)?... JBG GWCd jJ e:Se gGJ dG HLEG v` ``N V
:G (c 1 , 100 , c 100):je je H aG00 , c 3000 , c 10000)22(c
:SQe SGc W5)22(c 1 , 1 , S:W W , S 140)22(c 1 ,
-
69VjdGSdGRhQ He
,dG ,iG ) FdG G e dG acCG IMH kdZ RdG j (gZh ...G ,QGG ,cdG
.GLdG gh ,GG eGL 1000 = GLdG
CGh ,eGH e SdH VG GG CG EG IQTEG Qh.MGh GLc g (iNCG U iCG Vh hO) j e bCG
e J gkKCG kT J ```c G```G G``g `J CG?c ?eGLc 3 e
(1)cdGh GhGG j EG SS gP:JCj e TGh
QSCG Fbd dG
L 322L
L 4L 3
22LL 3L 3L 4
22LL 9
L 3
dGWW
ehQ aH
ScQNH
WHRe
JHJ
aGL
.WW c 1.WH c 1.QN c 122.JH c
22.H c?aO e L a
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
)2:eGL EG JCj e uM (( CG ).c 5()322.c(`L).c 18
.............................
.G SM SH HdG dG U e
-
70fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(3)H e Sd Se J GMdG iCG cPG:ddG SdG e d (GL ,c) RdG GMh
?...ddG GRhCd jJ e (4):Se gGJ dG HLEG vN V
.......... ..... gdG e N
....... AGhO Y
..... G ZQ Rh(c , L 150)..... a Rh(c 300 , L 10000)
..... Gg Rh0)22(c 10 , L..... Rh0)22 , L22(c
0 Rh22..... fjR(c 7 , L 400)
.......... GR
1``````2
.SG Td JMe bf
:cCG (5)
L ... = c 3,.L ... ,c ... = L 4500c ... = L 4000,.L 30 , c 3 = L ...
(6) J dG e fBG K a ,L KK dG e GG K c GPEG22?c.............................................................................
-
71VjdGSdGRhQ He
:cCG HG dH G dH fSH
( CG ). ....................................................... :g dG TCG()```````dG.G kT ............. =(`L). ...................................................... :g SCG jCG( O )``SCG.``jCG ............. =
:g Qd IXG JdG OGYCG (`g )) jGa ,(1) jj22................................................... ,(
:g kej 30 H dG QdG ( h ). .......................................... :g kej 31 H dG QdG ( R ). ..........................................
H dG Gg e jGa T ( )..............kej dG Gg jCG OY ( )= 30)......... 31) + ( + ( ..................
.kej ......... = ......... + ......... + ......... =?dG Gg e 7/7 aGG dG e ( i ).......................................
?dG Gg e jO T e hCG d aGG jQdG e ( ). ......................................................................
iOG dG
-
72fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
bdGh YdGh dG
4 = dG22YSbO 60 = YdG ,
(1)
(3)
(5)
)2(
(4)
(6)
..... ?ej a YS c... ?YS 10 a bO c
..... ?YS f a bO c... ?jCG IY a YS c
..... ?fh YS a bO c... ?dG a bO c
:cCG (7)
:jhG eRCG pU (8)
( CG )````````Y`````S 30.YS ........ h MGh j =()``````````bO 100.bO ........ h IMGh YS =(`L)````````Y`````S 50.YS ........ h j ........ =( O )``````````bO 650.bO ........ h YS ........ =
YS 6h jbO 30
j f
22YS 1 bO 66
YS fYS 30
FbO 6h YS
:(WCG Id bCG IG e) vjYJ JBG eRCG JQ (9)( CG ).YS 10h MGh j ,YS 40 ,ej....... , ....... , .......
().YS 1000 ,j 100 ,QT 3....... , ....... , .......
-
73VjdGSdGRhQ He
(1)
)2(
(3)
(4)
(5)
( CG )? jG bdGh GMCG SGQH G G SG e .........................................(?SQG e JQjH b g).
()LQO a J dG jCG a FGJQH AeR J dG HG f e?...j c IQGG
dGidG3730........................................1510........................................222217........................................
( CG ) GPa - GS 4 c Ie EG Oe H j T CG Y GPEG?Oe jQJ j CG
........................................................................()?dG e eGLc 10 CG jG e eGLc 10 :KCG jCG
........................................................................
009 HcCG 15 KEG j jGH CGJ dG edG IdG W e22jH Jh7 dG j22009 HcCG22?
.............................................................................
G kT c - dG f e ZCG NBG a fCGh SQe hCG a Y T CGH?dG GH dG a bSG
.............................................................................
ae Me `j220 a ec22H) fH j c GPEa - bOj dG aG eh ?Gec S ae d ej edG e a ,(YdG
?YdG fh YS a..........................................................................................................................................................
-
74fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:cCG (1)
: vjYJ JQ (3)
Q`````````````eCG 4S ....... =,``````H````SCG 3.kej ....... =eGLc 3G````L ....... =,```j`Th S.G kT ....... =
)2(( CG ). ........................... IQGG LQO H SJ IMh cPG(). ......................... ?(kjJ) iOdG fEG IQGM LQO J c
( CG )4002250 ,GL22 ,GLc 1 ,keGL22.GLc........................................................................
()00 ,j 500 ,S ,GT 1522.kej 16 ,YS ........................................................................
(`L)000 ,e 500 ,S 4000 ,Gec 322.e........................................................................
(4)( CG )?jH H aG Sd SG IMdG e.........................()?SQG G eR SG IMdG e .........................(`L)?gdG G Rh Sd SG IMdG e.........................
-
SdGRhQ He
-
76fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(1)CG jdG Ib g S a Lhe bdGh dG OY cM HMCG dG EG SG HCG dG
:dc fc :MCG ,30 :dG22:KEG ,3
:AKdG ,45,37 :AHQCG ,55 :Gh ,38 :G22S .5
:JBG hG a fdG gdGMCGKEGAKdGAHQCGGG dG
bdGh dG OY:JBG SCG Y LCG hG e
( CG )MCG dG EG HCG dG e bdGh dG e OY cCG n j iCG a. ..................... ?SCG Gg N. ..................... ?dG g OY e
()MCG dG EG HCG dG e bdGh dG e OY bCG j iCG a. ..................... ?SCG Gg N. ..................... ?dG g OY e
(`L)HCG dG e c dG bdGh dG e OY bCGh OY cCG H dG e.bfh S ....... = ....... - ....... ?SCG Gg N MCG dG EG
( O ) jdG Ib Y J dG G cPG....... ,....... ,. .......( `g ).jG g Y jQJ b cPG (jdG bd)
-
77VjdGSdGRhQ He
)2 (V J jdG WCG OY dG dG j.e a iMEH HSCG MCG a WCG T
:JBG SCG Y LCG ,SdG e
WCG OY
400350300
502002
15010050
0
500450
dG MCG KEG AKdG AHQCG GSCG jCG
( CG )?WCG e OY cCG J jCG iCG a. ................................................ ?WCG ADg OY e
()?WCG e OY bCG J jCG iCG a. ................................................ ?WCG ADg OY e
(`L):dG hG fH SGdGMCGKEGAKdGAHQCGGG dG
WCG OY
-
78fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(3)eJ e dG H G OY c:j c SQe a FGHG ddG dG
155220221510
dG
OdGedG OY
dG f
30
52
02
15
10
5
0
:SdG cCG
dCH dG OY
dG
dCH dG OY022522
40505570
dG19501960197019801990
00022
(4)e jQL ib iMEG S OY dG hG jSG .G GYCG a (kjJ) dCH HdG
:(HdG dCG a c IYCH) fdG SdG
-
79VjdGSdGRhQ He
:JBG SCG Y LCG HdG fdG e
( CG )000 Y EG 1950 Y e jdG S OY a IOjdG fc c22?()?dG a Ic IOjR a KM dG GdG e(`L).dG IOjR Y LdG G H cPG( O )?G g JMe e (jdG bd)
:G H fdG dG
.G G jH HdG dCH IOQGdG fdG j HG dG,IYCGh G G Gg H Qb
.G Gg Y dG dG j c SGh
dCH dG OY
dG
-
80fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:zG{ hCG zG{ hCG zcDG{ c HH cCG (1)( CG ).kgP AdG CG ..................... e
().kMU dG J CG ..................... e(`L).VjdG a Je LQO Y MCG CG ..................... e( O )LQ CG ..................... ek.QeCG KK dW
)2?bf GPe (
NGH IOLG GdG G kL bh Y ZCG fCG Jc.AYh c e IMGh Ic S K ,AYh
?dM c a HG IdG d j CG bJ GPe( CG ):hCG AYdG e HG IdG
:cCGcDG e........ fd j CGG e..... fd j CG
():fdG AYdG e HG IdG:cCGG e........ fd j CG
G e..... fd j CG kjCGG e..... fd j CG
(`L):ddG AYdG e HG IdG:cCGcDG e........ fd j CG
G e..... fd j CG
-
81VjdGSdGRhQ He
:````bJh ````N
(1)
)2(
,AYh H GdG G kL bh ,Y ZCG kT CG (S c) Va GPEG:idG AYdG bQ j a - AYh c e IMGh Ic S K
( CG )?AGM e HG IdG J CG cCG LQH bJ(... bQ AYdG)()?AGU e HG IdG J CG cCG LQH bJ(... bQ AYdG)(`L)?AbQR e HG IdG J CG cCG LQH bJ(... bQ AYdG)( O )?AbQR e HG IdG J CG bCG LQH bJ(... bQ AYdG)(`g)?AGM e HG IdG J CG bCG LQH bJ(... bQ AYdG)
(1))2((3)
zIc{ c HH dPh ,JCj d bJ LQO OM ,HdG HdG ahCG:zee{ hCG zV{ hCG zSe{
( CG )......... :AbQR hCG AYdG e HG IdG J CG feEG()....... :AGU fdG AYdG e HG IdG J CG feEG(`L)....... :AGM ddG AYdG e HG IdG J CG feEG( O )........ :AbQR ddG AYdG e HG IdG J CG feEG
-
82fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
:````MG ```M
,HG dH G AYdH YVG GdG G kL bh ,Y T ZCG GPEGHG IdG Ea ,IMGh Ic e S K
.AGU eEGh AbQR eEG S:OYG a cCG MG e
?AGU CG AbQR HG IdG J CG. ........................?AGM HG IdG J CG MG Lj g. ........................
:Xe.G kU = KhM MG EG f fEa ,ke G j eYG c GPEG eCG ,1 = KhM MG EG f fEa ,G kcDe j eYh
.(1 ,0 H) G kc j KhM MG Ea k:j HdG G a e
= AbQR HG IdG J CG MG.(5 = c GdG OYh ,1 = AbQdG GdG OY C dPh)
= AGU HG IdG J CG MG.(5 = c GdG OYh ,4 = AGdG GdG OY C dPh)
(1)
)2(
:cCG HdG f jLCG GPEG ;HG dG a (3)..... = AGM HG IdG J CG MG..... = AGU HG IdG J CG MG..... = A``bQR HG IdG J CG MG
4``````5
1``````5
-
83VjdGSdGRhQ He
:cCG HdG f jLCG GPEG ;HG dG a (4)
..... = A``bQR HG IdG J CG MG..... = AGM HG IdG J CG MG
(5)
(6)
fEa ,gdG LdG Meh ,fe Y AdEG Y:cCG - Hc hCG IQU eEG S
= IQU Y G MG= Hc Y G MG(?GP a)
...``````...
...``````...
3 e G kJ 40 H a2217h G kdh.edG MCG J jCG MCG a .kH?G kdh G j CG MG e
(?GP) ...``````...
-
84fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(1)Y ddG HLEG H e dG HLEG NGY aVEG e J e ,fdG L dSCG
:f Lh H YJ bCG
)2 (hCG g dG GFdG OY dG hG Vjde GYCG N N kjJ e QOZ
:(dCH)
( CG ). ............... JdG e Y GWCG OjEG(jNBG GDS - SdG - dGh dG)
(). ............... ke kGL NJ dG GQdG OY(jNBG GDS - SdG - dGh dG)
(`L). ............... G dG YH dG a edG ZQ(jNBG GDS - SdG - dGh dG)
( CG )eu.G Hh IYCG jH fdG g ()J dG aG ASCGh ,HdG e jQH GQe S ASCG cPG
.H(SQe e Gg bf)(`L)AGS ,aG g e c a JQjH J dG ceCG H cPG
.Fd hCG id(SQe e Gg bf)
hCG622
fdG30
ddG35
HGdG35
eG40
dGdCH GFdG OY
-
85VjdGSdGRhQ He
:JBc bH a FbUC ASCG 7 c (3)
a ,(if CG hO) e IMGh S K ,YVhCG fZh bdG g b GPEG:HG bdG Y G SG j CG MG
( CG )?zS{ `````H CGj. ............()?z CG { ```````H CGj. ............( `L)?zh{ ```````H CGj. ............( O )?hM 4 e j. ............(``g)?hM 5 e j. ............
:cCG( CG ). ...... g HG bdH G SG hM OY CG cDG e
().z......{ H HG bdH G SG CGj CG G e
MCG Se dNCG SCG
-
86fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
(1)g dG G M dG j e HSCG MCG a G IQGG LQO fc33 :JdG Y31 ,30 ,38 ,34 ,9 ,227 ,22.
:JBG SCG Y LCG K ,hL a fdG g S( CG )..... j fc IQGM LQO bCG
()..... = ..... - ..... = IQGM LQO bCGh ,IQGM LQO YCG H dG(`L)..... j c IQGM jCG cCG( O )30 e bCG IQGG LQO a fc dG jCG..... , ..... ,..... g
)2:G MC OGaCG S H J e j dG hG (
eu:fdG g ( CG ).G H
().IYCH
f50
Y70
e65
eS55
"e75
Sj80
OdG SGH dG b
(3)Y d SdG H HLEG iMEG NG:IQcG GMCG bh MG
( CG )........... dG e dG J.(e - - cDe)()........... SQG EG dG gj.(e - - cDe)(`L) vYSCG Ge 4 jdG gTCG............(e - - cDe)( O )........... SQG e MQ a gPCG.(e - - cDe)
(4)?FdEG Y dhdG IgR Lh Y dG e iOa OY QX MG e
-
87VjdGSdGRhQ He
... =)+ ( CG )()
(`L)
, 1``````52``````5
2``````5- 1 ,(16`````0`22
3``````5
... =)+, 3``````75``````7
2``````7- 1 ,(9``````14
21``````15
... =),, 7``````101``````3
9``````11(5``````15
MCG2222
KEG322
AKdG122
AHQCG18
G19
G022
dG122
dGIQGG LQO
:JBG SCG Y LCG( CG )........... ?YCG IQGG LQO fc j iCG a
()........... ?bCG IQGG LQO fc j iCG a(`L)........... ,........... ?jhe IQGG LQO fc ej iCG a( O )........... ?jCG g a H J dG HG f e
e c d 3 OY iTG22? kL K a . kL 1 ...... = dG K. kL ...... = ......
:dG LhCG (1)
:JBc HSCG MCG a G IQGG LQO fc (4)
)2:dG HLEG vN V (
:cCG (3)
(5)
.YS ..... = dG22.L ..... = c.S ..... = ..... = c 3
549...... = 7 9009...... = 9 653...... = 8
0022468400410422
5........
-
88fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
=
00 AHBG MCG Rh22f a .dG S HQCG FHCG Y ihdH L?e c
.......... :HG c f. kL ........ = ..........
:cCG (1)
(5)
)2:cCG (
( CG ) ,16 ,822.... , .... , .... , 3()522.... , .... , .... , 75 , 50 ,
+= ( CG )() 2``````52``````5
...``````...- 17``````8
...``````...
SG edH cCG (3)> hCG= hCG
-
89VjdG
( CG )54226 6400 4()822 94 4648(`L) 10713 1193
.G H fdG g ue
dG60
MCG70
KEG90
AKdG110
AHQCG80
G70
G100
dGbdGh dG OY
SG edH cCG (1)> hCG= hCG
-
90fdG SGQdG dGFGHG ddG dG
379.... = 322 135...... = 8 653...... = 70022 5...... = 5 8109940044
(1)
(5)
)2:JBG TCG e c a G AG idG dG M (
,, 1``````41``````3,
1``````23``````4,,
1``````41``````3,
1````2
3``````4,,1``````3
1``````2,2``````3
3``````4
:cCG (3)( CG ). .................... LQdH kdZ IQGG Sb
(). .................... IMH IOY GgG RJ
(4)d SdG H SG HLEG Y uM:QcG G bh MG Y
( CG )...... dG e dG J - cDe).(e -()...... NCG iT d S - cDe).(e -(`L)..... FdEG Y dhdG IgR Lh Y IMGh f QX MG ).( , , 1````2
1````2
1````3
1 ```6`K SQe GhOCG jT TG . kL 488 e gdGh e jT NCG
224 IMGdG K dh L 108 SQG iRh , kL 722. kL?e j GPa
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
-
91VjdGSdGRhQ He
:ddG OGYCG H e jOdG OGYCG Y uM (1)
(5)
(4)iMEG d jdG OdG dG hG je GYCG a dCH HdG e jQL ib
000 EG 19502.G H fdG g e .
SQG AH dJ fc GPEa .FGHG SQGe 9 AH dG HCG g eb647 IMGdG22?SQGG g AH J a ,L
.............................................................................
1950022
1960522
197040
198050
199055
0002270
dGdCH dG OY
( CG )13978 ,10865 ,18643 ,15676 ,9754 , 4651()?dG a ,gh hC CN JBG dG Y hJ
1779.596 = 6............... :C CN
, , ,...... , ...... , ...... , ...... :iYdG JdG
...... , ...... , ...... , ...... :RdG JdG
1````2
1````3
2````5
7````10
)2:kdRJh kjYJ ddG QdG JQ (
:dG EG HLEG bCG hCG dG HLEG M (3)( CG )...... dG GMh e.(G , GdG , GLdG)
()....... iOdG fEG IQGM LQO35)37 ,55 ,.((`L)...... dG jCG OY(ej 370 , ej 365 , ej 360)
-
29
29
-
39
-
49
-
59
-
69
-
79
-
89
-
99
-
001
-
101
-
201
-
301
-
401
-
501
-
601
8
52
4
3
761
-
701
-
801
-
901
-
011
-
111
-
211
-
311
-
411
-
511
-
611
-
711
-
811
-
911
-
021
-
121
-
221
-
321
-
421
-
521
-
621
-
721
-
821
-
921
-
031
-
131
-
231
-
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
(75 * 28)
4
4
08
002
041
: 2115 / 7002
18
331