MATERY TOEFL 2 Normal Sentence

8/3/2019 MATERY TOEFL 2 Normal Sentence

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NORMAL SENTENCE PATTERN INENGLISH

Subject verb complement modifier

John and I ate a pizza last nightWe studied present perfect last week

The Subject is agent of the sentence in the active voiceit is the person or thing that performs or is responsible

for the action of the sentence, and it normally precedesthe verb.

NOTE: Every sentence in English must have aSubject .

Coffee is delicious. Milk contains calcium

The subject may be a noun phrase. A noun phrase is a group of wordsending with a noun. (it cannot begin with a preposition.)The book is on the tableThat new red car is Johns


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Examples of subjects :

We girls are not going to that movie.George likes boatsMary, John, George, and I went to a restaurant last nightThe weather was very bad yesterdayThe chemistry professor canceled class todayThe bank closed at two oclock In some sentences, the true subject does not appear in normalsubject position.There was a fire in that building last month.Was there a fire in that building last month?There were many students in the roomWere there many students in the room?


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VERB

The verb follows the subject in a declarative sentence; itgenerally shows the action of the sentence. Everysentence must have a verb. The verb may be a singleword.

John drives too fastThey hate spinach.

The verb maybe a verb phrase . A verb phrase consists ofone or more auxiliaries and one main verb. Theauxiliaries always precede the main verb.

John is going to Miami tomorrow.aux. main verb

Jane has been reading that bookaux. main verb

She must have gone to the bank


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COMPLEMENT

A complement is completes the verb. It is similar to thesubject because it is usually a noun or noun phrase;however , it generally follows the verb when thesentence is in the active voice.

John bought a cake yesterday. Jill was driving a new car .He wants to drink some water.She saw John at the movies last night.They called Mary yesterday.He was smoking a cigarette.


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MODIFIER

Modifier tells the time, place, or manner of theaction. Very often it is a prepositional phrase. Aprepositional phrase is a group of words that beginswith a preposition and ends with a noun.

Examples of prepositional phrase:In the morning , at the university , on the tableA modifier can also be an adverb or an adverbial

phrase.

Last night, hurriedly, next year, outdoors, yesterdayNote : every sentence does not require a modifier. Amodifier answers the question when ?where ?orhow?


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EXERCISE I

Note: The modifier normally follows the complement, but not always. However, themodifier, especially when it is a preposional phrase, usually can not separate theverb and the complement.Incorrect : she drove on the street the car. Correct : she drove the car on the street

Exercise 1 : subject, verb, complement, and modifierIdentify the subject, verb, complement, and modifier in each of the followingsentences. Remember that not every sentence has a complement or modifier.

Examples: Jill / is buying / a new hat / in the store

Subject verb phrase complement modifier of place

Betty / is shopping / downtownSubject verb phrase modifier of place


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EXAMPLES OF MODIFIERS:

John bought a book at the bookstore.modifier of place

Where did John buy a book?

Jill was swimming in the pool yesterday .modifier of place modifier of time

He was driving very fastmodifier of manner

How was he driving?We ate dinner at seven oclock.

mofifier of time.

When did we eat dinner ?


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1. George is cooking dinner tonight2. Henry and Maria have visited the President3. We can eat lunch in this restaurant today4. Pat should have bought gasoline yesterday5. It was raining at seven oclock this morning6. She opened a checking account at the bank last

week7. Harry is washing dishes right now8. Paul, William, and Mary were watching

television a few minutes.


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AUXILARY VERB :

Present tence: iam,is,arePast tence : was,were

future: bePerfect: beenPress: will,shall,can,must,may

Past: would,could,had to, might


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Purpose :-To modify the subjectnin a nominals

-To modify the action of the subject that isgoing on

MATERY TOEFL 2 Normal Sentence

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