Maternal Mortality - John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
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John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation May 2010 REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY AT-A-GLANCE • More than 340,000 women die each year due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth, most of which could be prevented with appropriate maternal health services and care. • In 2008, more than 50 percent of all maternal deaths occurred in only six countries: India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. • Reducing maternal mortality is a worthy goal in itself, but it is also a good indicator that women are receiving the repro- ductive health services they need. • After years of stagnation in the number of maternal deaths around the world, recent research shows signs of progress, offering hope that maternal mortality can be reduced. • MacArthur’s grantmaking to reduce maternal mortality focuses on developing innovative models that can eventually be scaled up, enhancing the skills of health professionals, promoting informed advocacy on issues related to maternal mortality, and research. Data used in this information sheet are from Hogan MC, et al. Maternal Mortality for 181 countries, 1980-2008: a systemic analysis of progress towards Millennium Development Goal #5. Lancet 2010. 375: 1609-1623. MacArthur seeks to reduce maternal death and illness in the developing world, with a special focus on Mexico, Nigeria, and India, where the Foundation has offices.
Transcript of Maternal Mortality - John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation May 2010
Reducing MateRnal MoRtality
at-a-glance• Morethan340,000womendieeachyearduetocomplications
duringpregnancyandchildbirth,mostofwhichcouldbepreventedwithappropriatematernalhealthservicesandcare.
• In2008,morethan50percentofallmaternaldeathsoccurredinonlysixcountries:India,Nigeria,Pakistan,Afghanistan,Ethiopia,andtheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.
• Reducingmaternalmortalityisaworthygoalinitself,butitisalsoagoodindicatorthatwomenarereceivingthereproductivehealthservicestheyneed.
• Afteryearsofstagnationinthenumberofmaternaldeathsaroundtheworld,recentresearchshowssignsofprogress,offeringhopethatmaternalmortalitycanbereduced.
• MacArthur’sgrantmakingtoreducematernalmortalityfocusesondevelopinginnovativemodelsthatcaneventuallybescaledup,enhancingtheskillsofhealthprofessionals,promotinginformedadvocacyonissuesrelatedtomaternalmortality,andresearch.
DatausedinthisinformationsheetarefromHoganMC,etal.MaternalMortalityfor181countries,19802008:asystemicanalysisofprogresstowardsMillenniumDevelopmentGoal#5.Lancet2010.375:16091623.
MacArthur seeks to reduce maternal death and illness in the developing world, with a special focus on Mexico, Nigeria, and India, where the Foundation has offices.
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BackgRound
Fortwodecades,therewerefewsignsofprogressinreducingmaternalmortalityaroundtheworld.Recentestimatesshowthatsomeprogresshasbeenmade—between1980and2008theglobalmaternalmortalityratiodecreasedfrom422maternaldeathsper100,000livebirthsto251,althoughprogressvariesgreatlybycountry.
Althoughmostmaternaldeathsarepreventablewithsufficientresourcesandcommitment,morethan340,000womendieeachyearduetocomplicationsduringpregnancyandchildbirth.Thevastmajorityofthesedeathsoccurinthedevelopingworld.
Reducingmaternalmortalityisnotonlyaworthygoalinitself,butitisalsoanimportantindicatorthatwomenarereceivingthereproductivehealthservicestheyneed.TheinternationalcommunityidentifiedthereductionofmaternalmortalityasakeycomponentofalleviatingworldpovertyattheUnitedNationsMillenniumSummitin2000andagreedtoworktowardMillenniumDevelopmentGoal#5,reducingthematernalmortalityratioby75percentby2015.Accordingtorecentestimates,only23countriesareontracktoachievethisgoal.
Whileasolutiontohighratesofmaternaldeathliespartlyinthehandsofthehealthsystem,itisalsodependentupontheeducationalstatusofwomenandoncountries’legalsystems.Womenneedaccesstogoodcare,buttheyalsoneedanenablinglegalenvironmenttoprotecttheirrights,andtheirhealthneedsmustberecognizedandrespectedbytheirpartners,families,andcommunities.
What We Fund
MacArthur’sgrantmakingtoreducematernalmortalitystrivestoincreaseresourcesforwomen’shealthandtoimprovethequalityandreachofpubliclyprovidedreproductivehealthservices.MostofMacArthur’sgrantmakingtoreducematernalmortalityandmorbidityiscarriedoutinIndia,Nigeria,andMexico,wheretheFoundationmaintainsoffices.
MacArthur’ssupportforeffortstoreducematernalmortalityfocuseson:
• Developinginnovativemodels;
• Enhancingtheskillsofhealthprofessionalstoimprovethequalityandavailabilityofservices;
• Promotinginformedadvocacyoncriticalissuesrelatedtomaternalmortalitytoensurethatpolicymakershavetheevidenceandmotivationtosuccessfullyaddresstheproblem;and
• Researchthatcrossesdisciplinaryboundaries,coveringtopicssuchassocioeconomicconsequencesofmaternaldeaths,budgetanalysis,andcomputermodelingofreallifescenarios.
TheFoundationalsofundsselectedinternationalorganizationsinthepopulationandreproductivehealthfieldwhoseworkpromotesinnovationinpolicy,programs,andservices.
Postpartum hemorrhage
In2003,theFoundationmadeitsfirstgrant(totheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco)toexploretheuseoftheAntiShockGarment(ASG)tohelpreducepostpartumhemorrhage,whichaccountsforapproximately30percentofallmaternaldeaths.Thegarmentisalowcost
neoprenesuitthatisdesignedtohelpstabilizewomenwhoexperienceseverebleedingafterchildbirth.Itrequireslittletrainingtoputonandcanbuytimeforwomenwhooftenmustbetransportedlongdistancesinordertoreachahealthfacility.TheASGisjustonepartofthecontinuumofcaremodelbeingdevelopedandtestedbyPathfinderInternational.Themodelpromotestheuseofactivemanagementofthethirdstageoflabor,theAntiShockGarment,andcommunitytransportationandcommunicationnetworks.Thehopeisthatitthatthiscontinuumofcaremodelwillbeincorporatedintothestandardpackageofservicesforpostpartumhemorrhageindevelopingcountries.
eclampsia
Globally,eclampsiaaccountsforabout12percentofmaternaldeaths.In2006,theFoundationbeganinvestingininterventionstopreventandtreateclampsia,withaspecialfocusontheprovendrugofchoice,magnesiumsulfate.MacArthurhasmadeaseriesofgrantstoidentifycountryspecificbarrierstotheavailabilityanduseofmagnesiumsulfate,developstrategiestoovercomethosebarriers,andestablishadialogueamongkeyinternationalandcountrylevelstakeholdersontheseissues.TheFoundationhasalsoinvestedininnovativemodelstoimproveclinicianeducationandtrainingonmagnesiumsulfateaswellasinresearchonappropriatedeliverysystemsandprocedures.
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RePResentative gRants
international
BIxByCENTERFoRGLoBALREPRoDUCTIvEHEALTHUNIvERSITyoFCALIFoRNIA,SANFRANCISCoSan Francisco, California$325,000toresearchanddisseminatefindingsontheAntiShockGarment.
ENGENDERHEALTHNew York, New York$310,000tosupporttheuseofmagnesiumsulfateforthetreatmentofeclampsia,viathedevelopmentofanelearningmodule.
FAMILyCAREINTERNATIoNALNew York, New York$500,000insupportofalongitudinalstudyonthecostsandconsequencesofmaternaldeathandmorbidity,andglobal
advocacyeffortstobuildpoliticalwillforMillenniumDevelopmentGoal#5.
GUTTMACHERINSTITUTENew York, New York$100,000toanalyzerecenttrendsinabortionincidencearoundtheworld.
GyNUITyHEALTHPRojECTSNew York, New York$100,000toraiseawarenessabouttheuseofmisoprostolforpostabortioncare.
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HARvARDUNIvERSITySCHooLoFPUBLICHEALTHBoston, Massachusetts$500,000insupportofthedevelopmentandapplicationofamaternalmorbidityandmortalitypolicymodel.
INTERNATIoNALCENTREFoRDIARRHoEALDISEASERESEARCH,BANGLADESHDhaka, Bangladesh$250,000toresearchtheeconomicandsocialconsequencesofmaternalmortality.
PATHFINDERINTERNATIoNALWatertown, Massachusetts$10,700,000toimplementapackageofinterventionsforreducingmaternalmortalityandmorbidityduetopostpartumhemorrhageinIndiaandNigeria.
PRoGRAMFoRAPPRoPRIATETECHNoLoGyINHEALTHSeattle, Washington$400,000tosupportthemanufactureandscaleupoftheAntiShockGarmentforpostpartumhemorrhagetreatment.
TURLyPICTURES,LLCWhite Plains, New York$55,000insupportofthedisseminationofamaternalhealthdocumentaryfilm.
UNIvERSITyoFABERDEENAberdeen, United Kingdom$500,000toresearchinfectioncontrolpracticesforreducingmaternaldeathsandforinitialdevelopmentofajournalonmaternalandnewbornhealth.
WHITERIBBoNALLIANCEFoRSAFEMoTHERHooD,GLoBALSECRETARIATWashington, D.C.$400,000insupportofgeneraloperations.
WoRLDHEALTHoRGANIzATIoNGeneva, Switzerland$500,000tosupportthePartnershipforMaternal,Newborn,andChildHealthtoincreaseglobalawarenessandreducematernalmortalityandmorbidity.
other international grants
INTERNATIoNALRESCUECoMMITTEEWoMEN’SREFUGEECoMMISSIoNNew York, New York$300,000tobridgethegapinreproductivehealthinterventionsfordisplacedwomenandgirls.
PATHFINDERINTERNATIoNALWatertown, Massachusetts$365,000tostrengthenreproductivehealthcareservicesinrefugeeanddisplacedpersonscamps.
PLANETCARE/GLoBALHEALTHACCESSPRoGRAMBerkeley, California$270,000topilotanddocumenteffectsofaprojecttoincreaseaccesstoreproductiveandchildhealthservicesbyinternallydisplacedpersons.
UNITEDNATIoNSPoPULATIoNFUNDNew York, New York$500,000toidentifyneartermpostearthquakeneedsinHaitiandtosupportfundingforlongertermmaternalhealthefforts.
WoRLDHEALTHoRGANIzATIoNGeneva, Switzerland$440,000tostrengtheninstitutionalcapacitytodeliverreproductiveandmaternalhealthcareinemergencyhumanitariansettings.
Mexico
CoMUNICACIoNEINFoRMACIoNDELAMUjERMexico City, Mexico$180,000InsupportofusingnewInternetbasedtechnologiestoincreasethequantityandimprovethequalityofmediacoverageonmaternalmortalityandmorbidityinMexico.
EqUIDADDEGENERoCIUDADANIA,TRABAjoyFAMILIAMexico City, Mexico$250,000topromoteMillenniumDevelopmentGoal#5todecreasematernalmortality.
FUNDAR,CENTRoDEANALISISEINvESTIGACIoNMexico City, Mexico$270,000tomonitorandreportontheoperationsandbudgetsofprincipalmaternalhealthprograms.
IPASChapel Hill, North Carolina$300,000insupportofadvancingaccesstosafelegalabortioninthreeMexicanstates.
K’INALANTSETIKMexico City, Mexico$210,000toscaleupamodelforcommunitybasedmaternalmortalitypreventionstrategiesinMexico.
MExICoNATIoNALSAFEMoTHERHooDCoMMITTEEComite Promotor Por Una Maternidad Sin Riesgos En MexicoSanCristobaldelasCasas,Mexico$350,000tosupporteffortstodecreasematernalmortalityinMexico.
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NUEvELUNAS,S.C.Oaxaca, Mexico$180,000toimprovethedeliveryofskilledattendanceatbirthinruralindigenousareasofoaxacaandgeneratingsupportformidwiferytrainingsystems.
SoCIEDADMExICANAPRoDERECHoSDELAMUjERMexico City, Mexico$700,000tostrengthenlocalcapacityandorganizingtodecreasematernalmortalityinruralindigenousareasofMexico.
india
ACTIoNRESEARCH&TRAININGFoRHEALTHUdaipur, India$375,000toimprovethequalityofmaternalnewbornhealthservices,andpilotaninterventiontoimproveyoungwomen’saccesstoreproductivehealthservicesinRajasthan.
CENTREFoRDEvELoPMENTANDPoPULATIoNACTIvITIESWashington, D.C.$260,000tosupporttheWhiteRibbonAllianceforadvocacytoreducematernalmortalityandmorbidityinIndiaandthestateofRajasthan.
INDIANINSTITUTEoFMANAGEMENTAHMEDABADAhmedabad, India$190,000toevaluatetwogovernmentprogramsthataimtoreducematernalmortalityandmorbiditybypromotinginstitutionaldeliveryinthestatesofGujaratandMadhyaPradesh.
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IPASChapel Hill, North Carolina$400,000tosupportscalingupofComprehensiveAbortionCareservicesinthepublicsectorinthestatesofMaharashtra,Gujarat,andRajasthan.
KARUNATRUSTBangalore, India$400,000toscaleupapublicprivatepartnershipmodelofdeliveringmaternalandreproductivehealthservicesinIndia.
MAHILASEWATRUSTAhmedabad, India$200,000toscaleuphealthinsurancetoreducematernalmortalityandmorbidityinGujaratandnationally.
SEvAMANDIRUdaipur, India$150,000tosupportacomprehensivecommunitybasedprojecttoreducematernalmortalityandmorbidityintheUdaipurandRajsamanddistrictsofruralRajasthan.
SoCIETyFoREDUCATIoNWELFAREANDACTIoNRURALDist. Bharuch, India$200,000totestmodelinterventionstoreducematernalmortalityandmorbidityinthestateofGujarat.
SoCIETyFoREDUCATIoN,ACTIoN&RESEARCHINCoMMUNITyHEALTHGadchiroli, India$550,000toresearchanddemonstrateaprogramonreducingmaternalmortalityandmorbidityandpromoteyoungpeople’ssexualandreproductivehealthinMaharashtra.
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nigeria
AHMADUBELLoUNIvERSITyTEACHINGHoSPITALZaria, Nigeria$300,000tosupporttheCommunityPreventionofPostpartumHemorrhageInitiative.
CENTREFoRDEvELoPMENTANDPoPULATIoNACTIvITIESWashington, DC$270,000toaccelerateeffortstosavemothers’livesthroughtaskshiftingofhumanresourcesforhealthandintegratedambulanceservices.
CoMMUNITyHEALTHANDRESEARCHINITIATIvEKano, Nigeria$175,000toworkwith10localgovernmentsandtheKanostategovernmenttorepositionthecommitmenttoaddressmaternalmortalityandmorbiditythroughimprovedbudgetaryallocationandservicedelivery.
FEDERALMINISTRyoFHEALTHAbuja, Nigeria$500,000insupportofpromotingtheuseofmagnesiumsulfate.
IPASChapel Hill, North Carolina$500,000toincreaseaccesstopostabortioncareservicesinNigeria.
SoCIETyoFGyNECoLoGyANDoBSTETRICSoFNIGERIAJos, Nigeria$250,000insupportofreducingmaternalmortality.
WoMEN’SHEALTHANDACTIoNRESEARCHCENTREBenin City, Nigeria$250,000insupportofresearchtoimprovepoliciesandprogramsforpromotingmaternalhealthinsixstatesofNigeria.
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation May 2010
ReducingMaternalMortality
about the Macarthur FoundationThejohnD.andCatherineT.MacArthurFoundationsupportscreativepeopleandeffectiveinstitutionscommittedtobuildingamorejust,verdant,andpeacefulworld.InadditiontoselectingtheMacArthurFellows,theFoundationworkstodefendhumanrights,advanceglobalconservationandsecurity,makecitiesbetterplaces,andunderstandhowtechnologyisaffectingchildrenandsociety.
For more information, or to sign up for our free electronic newsletter, please visit www.macfound.org.
johnD.andCatherineT.MacArthurFoundation140SouthDearbornSt.,Suite1200,Chicago,Illinois606035285Telephone:(312)7268000www.macfound.orgTDD:(312)9206285
For More informationAboutMacArthur’seffortstoreducematernalmortality
Judith F. helznerDirector,Population&ReproductiveHealth(Chicago)[email protected]
erin sinesProgramofficer(Chicago)[email protected]
Poonam MuttrejaDirector(India)[email protected]
dipa nag chowdhuryProgramofficer(India)[email protected]
kole shettimaDirector(Africa)[email protected]
sharon Bissell soteloActingDirector(Mexico)[email protected]
