Materials Science and Engineering Handbook

Shackelford, James F. et al Frontmatter Materials Science andEngineeringHandbook Ed. James F. Shackelford & W. Alexander Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2001

CRC

MATERIALS SCIENCEAND

ENGINEERINGHANDBOOKTHIRD EDITION

2001 CRC Press LLC

Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.CRC Press

James F. ShackelfordProfessor of Materials Science and EngineeringDivision of Materials Science and EngineeringandAssociate Dean of the College of EngineeringUniversity of California, Davis

William AlexanderResearch EngineerDivision of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, Davis

CRC

MATERIALS SCIENCEAND

ENGINEERINGHANDBOOKTHIRD EDITION

2001 CRC Press LLC

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2001 by CRC Press LLC

No claim to original U.S. Government worksInternational Standard Book Number 0-8493-2696-6

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

CRC materials science and engineering handbook / [edited by] James F. Shackelford,William Alexander.3rd ed.

p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-8493-2696-6 (alk. paper)1. MaterialsHandooks, manuals, etc. I. Shackelford, James F. II. Alexander,

William, 1950 Feb. 13-

TA403.4 .C74 2000620.1

1

dc21 00-048567

disclaimer Page 1 Wednesday, October 25, 2000 1:50 PM

2001 CRC Press LLC

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 Structure of Materials

Electronic Structure of Selected Elements

Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements

Periodic Table of the Elements

Periodic Table of Elements in Metallic Materials

Periodic Table of Elements in Ceramic Materials

Periodic Table of Elements in Polymeric Materials

Periodic Table of Elements in Semiconducting Materials

Periodic Table of Elements in Superconducting Metals

Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements

Bond Length Values Between Elements

Periodic Table of Carbon Bond Lengths ()

Carbon Bond Lengths

Carbon Bond Lengths in Polymers

Bond Angle Values Between Elements

Key to Tables of Crystal Structure of the Elements

The Seven Crystal Systems

The Fourteen Bravais Lattices

Periodic Table of the Body Centered Cubic Elements

Periodic Table of the Face Centered Cubic Elements

Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Close Packed Elements

Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Elements

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CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

Table of Contents

Structure of Ceramics

Atomic Mass of Selected Elements

Solid Density of Selected Elements

Density of Iron and Iron Alloys

Density of Wrought Stainless Steels

Density of Stainless Steels and Heat-Resistant Alloys

Density of Aluminum Alloys

Density of Copper and Copper Alloys

Density of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys

Density of Nickel and Nickel Alloys

Density of Lead and Lead Alloys

Density of Tin and Tin Alloys

Density of Wrought Titanium Alloys

Density of Titanium and Titanium alloys

Density of Zinc and Zinc Alloys

Density of Permanent Magnet Materials

Density of Precious Metals

Density of Superalloys

Density of Selected Ceramics

Density of Glasses

Specific Gravity of Polymers

Density of 55MSI Graphite/6061 Aluminum Composites

Density of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals

Density of Si3N4 Composites

CHAPTER 2 Composition of Materials

Composition Limits of Tool Steels

Composition Limits of Gray Cast Irons

Composition Limits of Ductile Irons

Composition Ranges for Malleable Irons

Composition Ranges for Carbon Steels

Composition Ranges for Resulfurized Carbon Steels

Composition Ranges for Alloy Steels

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Shackelford & Alexander

Table of Contents

Composition of Stainless Steels

Composition of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys

Classification of Copper and Copper Alloys

Composition Ranges for Cast Aluminum Alloys

Composition Ranges for Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Composition of Tin and Tin Alloys

Compositions of ACI Heat-Resistant Casting Alloys

Composition of Zinc Die Casting Alloys

Compositions of Wrought Superalloys

Typical Composition of Glass-Ceramics

CHAPTER 3 Phase Diagram Sources

Phase Diagram Sources

CHAPTER 4 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Data

Bond Strengths in Diatomic Molecules

Bond Strengths of Polyatomic Molecules

Solubility of Copper and Copper Alloys

Heat of Formation of Inorganic Oxides

Phase Change Thermodynamic Properties for The Elements

Phase Change Thermodynamic Properties of Oxides

Melting Points of the Elements

Melting Points of Elements and Inorganic Compounds

Melting Points Of Ceramics

Heat of Fusion For Elements and Inorganic Compounds

Heats of Sublimation of Metals and Their Oxides

Key to Tables of Thermodynamic Coefficients

Thermodynamic Coefficients for Selected Elements

Thermodynamic Coefficients for Oxides

Entropy of the Elements

Vapor Pressure of the Elements at Very Low Pressures

Vapor Pressure of the Elements at Moderate Pressures

Vapor Pressure of the Elements at High Pressures

Vapor Pressure of Elements and Inorganic Compounds

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Table of Contents

Values of The Error Function

Diffusion in Metallic Systems

Diffusion of Metals into Metals

Diffusion in Semiconductors

CHAPTER 5 Thermal Properties of Materials

Specific Heat of the Elements at 25 C

Heat Capacity of Ceramics

Specific Heat of Polymers

Specific Heat of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics

Thermal Conductivity of Metals (Part 1)




Thermal Conductivity of Alloy Cast Irons

Thermal Conductivity of Iron and Iron Alloys

Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum and aluminum alloys

Thermal Conductivity of Copper and Copper Alloys

Thermal Conductivity of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys

Thermal Conductivity of Nickel and Nickel Alloys

Thermal Conductivity of Lead and Lead Alloys

Thermal Conductivity of Tin, Titanium, Zinc and their Alloys

Thermal Conductivity of Pure Metals

Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics

Thermal Conductivity of Glasses

Thermal Conductivity of Cryogenic Insulation

Thermal Conductivity of Cryogenic Supports

Thermal Conductivity of Special Concretes

Thermal Conductivity of SiC-Whisker-Reinforced Ceramics

Thermal Conductivity of Polymers

Thermal Conductivity of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics

Thermal Expansion of Wrought Stainless Steels

Thermal Expansion of Wrought Titanium Alloys

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Thermal Expansion of Graphite Magnesium Castings

Linear Thermal Expansion of Metals and Alloys

Thermal Expansion of Ceramics

Thermal Expansion of SiC-Whisker-Reinforced Ceramics

Thermal Expansion of Glasses

Thermal Expansion of Polymers

Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Materials for Integrated Circuits

Thermal Expansion of Silicon Carbide SCS2Al

ASTM B 601 Temper Designation Codes for Copper and Copper Alloys

Temper Designation System for Aluminum Alloys

Tool Steel Softening After 100 Hours

Thermoplastic Polyester Softening with Temperature

Heat-Deflection Temperature of Carbon- and Glass-Reinforced Engineering Thermoplastics

CHAPTER 6 Mechanical Properties of Materials

Tensile Strength of Tool Steels

Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Irons

Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Iron Bars

Tensile Strength of Ductile Irons

Tensile Strength of Malleable Iron Castings

Tensile Strength of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Tensile Strength of Ferritic Stainless Steels

Tensile Strength of Precipitation-Hardening Austenitic Stainless Steels

Tensile Strength of HighNitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels

Tensile Strength of Martensitic Stainless Steels

Tensile Strength of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys

Tensile Strength of Aluminum Casting Alloys

Tensile Strength of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Tensile Strength of Cobalt-Base Superalloys

Tensile Strength of Nickel-Base Superalloys

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Tensile Strength of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature

Tensile Strength of Wrought Titanium Alloys at High Temperature

Tensile Strength of Refractory Metal Alloys

Tensile Strength of Ceramics

Tensile Strength of Glass

Tensile Strength of Polymers

Tensile Strength of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics

Tensile Strength of Carbon- and Glass-Reinforced Engineering Thermoplastics

Strength of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals

Tensile Strength of Graphite/Magnesium Castings

Tensile Strength of Graphite/Aluminum Composites

Tensile Strength of Graphite/Aluminum Composites

Tensile Strength of Silicon Carbide SCS2Al

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Investment Cast Silicon Carbide SCSAl

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Silicon CarbideAluminum Alloy Composites

Tensile Strength of SiC-WhiskerReinforced Aluminum Alloy

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Aluminum Alloy Reinforced with SiC Whiskers vs. Temperature

Ultimate Tensile Strength of Reinforced Aluminum Alloy vs. Temperature

Tensile Strength of PolycrystallineAluminaReinforced Aluminum Alloy

Tensile Strength of Boron/Aluminum Composites

Compressive Strength of Gray Cast Iron Bars

Compressive Strength of Ceramics

Compressive Strength of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic

Ultimate Compressive Strength of Investment Cast Silicon Carbide SCSAl

Yield Strength of Tool Steels

Yield Strength of Ductile Irons

Yield Strength of Malleable Iron Castings

Yield Strength of Austenitic Stainless Steels

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Yield Strength of Ferritic Stainless Steels

Yield Strength of Martensitic Stainless Steels

Yield Strength of Precipitation-Hardening Austenitic Stainless Steels

Yield Strength of HighNitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels

Yield Strength of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys

Yield Strength of Cast Aluminum Alloys

Yield Strength of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Yield Strength of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature

Yield Strength of Wrought Titanium Alloys at High Temperature

Yield Strength of Cobalt-Base Superalloys

Yield Strength of Nickel-Base Superalloys

Yield Strength of Commercially Pure Tin

Yield Strength of Polymers

Yield Strength of SiC-WhiskerReinforced Aluminum Alloy

Yield Strength of Reinforced Aluminum Alloy vs. Temperature

Yield Strength of PolycrystallineAluminaReinforced Aluminum Alloy

Compressive Yield Strength of Polymers

Flexural Strength of Polymers

Flextural Strength of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics

Shear Strength of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Torsion Shear Strength of Gray Cast Fe

Hardness of Gray Cast Irons

Hardness of Gray Cast Iron Bars

Hardness of Malleable Iron Castings

Hardness of Ductile Irons

Hardness of Tool Steels

Hardness of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Hardness of Ferritic Stainless Steels

Hardness of Martensitic Stainless Steels

Hardness of Precipitation-Hardening Austenitic Stainless Steels

Machinability Rating of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys

Hardness of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Hardness of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature

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Hardness of Ceramics

Microhardness of Glass

Hardness of Polymers

Hardness of Si3N4 and Al2O3 Composites

Coefficient of Static Friction for Polymers

Abrasion Resistance of Polymers

Fatigue Strength of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Reversed Bending Fatigue Limit of Gray Cast Iron Bars

Impact Energy of Tool Steels

Impact Strength of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature

Impact Strength of Polymers

Impact Strength of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics

Impact Strength of Carbon- and Glass-Reinforced Engineering Thermoplastics

Fracture Toughness of Si3N4 and Al2O3 Composites

Tensile Modulus of Gray Cast Irons

Tension Modulus of Treated Ductile Irons

Tensile Modulus of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics

Tensile Modulus of Graphite/Aluminum Composites

Tensile Modulus of Investment Cast Silicon Carbide SCSAl

Tensile Modulus of Silicon Carbide SCS2Al

Youngs Modulus of Ceramics

Youngs Modulus of Glass

Elastic Modulus of Wrought Stainless Steels

Modulus of Elasticity of Wrought Titanium Alloys

Modulus of Elasticity in Tension for Polymers

Modulus of Elasticity of 55MSI Graphite/6061 Aluminum Composites

Modulus of Elasticity of Graphite/Magnesium Castings

Modulus of Elasticity of Graphite/Aluminum Composites

Modulus of Elasticity of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals

Modulus of Elasticity of SiC-WhiskerReinforced Aluminum Alloy

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Modulus of Elasticity of PolycrystallineAluminaReinforced Aluminum Alloy

Modulus of Elasticity of Boron/Aluminum Composites

Compression Modulus of Treated Ductile Irons

Modulus of Elasticity in Compression for Polymers

Bulk Modulus of Glass

Shear Modulus of Glass

Torsional Modulus of Gray Cast Irons

Torsion Modulus of Treated Ductile Irons

Modulus of Elasticity in Flexure for Polymers

Flexural Modulus of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics

Flexural Modulus of Carbon- and Glass-Reinforced Engineering Thermoplastics

Modulus of Rupture for Ceramics

Rupture Strength of Refractory Metal Alloys

Rupture Strength of Superalloys

Modulus of Rupture for Si3N4 and Al2O3Composites

Poisson's Ratio of Wrought Titanium Alloys

Poissons Ratio for Ceramics

Poissons Ratio of Glass

Poisson's Ratio of Silicon Carbide SCS2Al

Compression Poissons Ratio of Treated Ductile Irons

Torsion Poissons Ratio of Treated Ductile Irons

Elongation of Tool Steels

Elongation of Ductile Irons

Elongation of Malleable Iron Castings

Elongation of Ferritic Stainless Steels

Elongation of Martensitic Stainless Steels

Elongation of Precipitation-Hardening Austenitic Stainless Steels

Elongation of HighNitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels

Total Elongation of Cast Aluminum Alloys

Elongation of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys

Elongation of Commercially Pure Tin

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Elongation of Cobalt-Base Superalloys

Elongation of Nickel-Base Superalloys

Ductility of Refractory Metal Alloys

Elongation of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature

Elongation of Wrought Titanium Alloys at High Temperature

Total Elongation of Polymers

Elongation at Yield for Polymers

Ultimate Tensile Elongation of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics

Total Strain of Silicon Carbide SCS2Al

Area Reduction of Tool Steels

Reduction in Area of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Reduction in Area of Ferritic Stainless Steels

Reduction in Area of HighNitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels

Reduction in Area of Precipitation-Hardening Austenitic Stainless Steels

Reduction in Area of Martensitic Stainless Steels

Reduction in Area of Commercially Pure Tin

Area Reduction of Wrought Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature

Area Reduction of Wrought Titanium Alloys at High Temperature

Strength Density Ratio of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals

Modulus Density Ratio of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals

Viscosity of Glasses

Internal Friction of SiO2 Glass

Surface Tension of Elements at Melting

Surface Tension of Liquid Elements

CHAPTER 7 Electrical Properties of Materials

Electrical Conductivity of Metals

Electrical Resistivity of Metals

Electrical Resistivity of Alloy Cast Irons

Resistivity of Ceramics

Volume Resistivity of Glass

Volume Resistivity of Polymers

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Critical Temperature of Superconductive Elements

Dissipation Factor for Polymers

Dielectric Strength of Polymers

Step Dielectric Strength of Polymers

Dielectric Constant of Polymers

Dielectric Breakdown of Polymers

Dielectric Breakdown of Polymers

Tangent Loss in Glass

Electrical Permittivity of Glass

Arc Resistance of Polymers

CHAPTER 8 Optical Properties of Materials

Transmission Range of Optical Materials

Transparency of Polymers

Refractive Index of Polymers

Dispersion of Optical Materials

CHAPTER 9 Chemical Properties of Materials

Water Absorption of Polymers

Standard Electromotive Force Potentials

Galvanic Series of Metals

Galvanic Series of Metals in Sea Water

Corrosion Rate of Metals in Acidic Solutions

Corrosion Rate of Metals in Neutral and Alkaline Solutions

Corrosion Rate of Metals in Air

Corrosion Rates of 1020 Steel at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Grey Cast Iron at 70F

Corrosion Rates of NiResist Cast Iron at 70F

Corrosion Rates of 12% Cr Steel at 70

Corrosion Rates of 17% Cr Steel at 70F

Corrosion Rates of 14% Si Iron at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Stainless Steel 301 at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Stainless Steel 316 at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Aluminum at 70F

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Corrosion Resistance of Wrought Coppers and Copper Alloys

Corrosion Rates of 70-30 Brass at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Copper, Sn-Braze, Al-Braze at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Silicon Bronze at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Hastelloy at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Inconel at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Nickel at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Monel at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Lead at 70F

Corrosion Rates of Titanium at 70F

Corrosion Rates of ACI HeatResistant Castings Alloys in Air

Corrosion Rates for ACI HeatResistant Castings Alloys in Flue Gas

Flammability of Polymers

Flammability of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics

CHAPTER 10 Selecting Structural Properties

Selecting Atomic Radii of the Elements

Selecting Ionic Radii of the Elements

Selecting Bond Lengths Between Elements

Selecting Bond Angles Between Elements

Selecting Density of the Elements

CHAPTER 11 Selecting Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties

Selecting Bond Strengths in Diatomic Molecules

Selecting Bond Strengths of Polyatomic Molecules

Selecting Heat of Formation of Inorganic Oxides

Selecting Specific Heat of Elements

Selecting Specific Heat of Polymers

Selecting Melting Points of The Elements

Selecting Melting Points of Elements and Inorganic Compounds

Selecting Melting Points of Ceramics

Selecting Heat of Fusion For Elements and Inorganic Compounds

Selecting Entropy of the Elements

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Selecting Diffusion Activation Energy in Metallic Systems

CHAPTER 12 Selecting Thermal Properties

Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Metals

Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Metals at Temperature

Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Alloy Cast Irons

Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics

Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics at Temperature

Selecting Thermal Conductivity of Polymers

Selecting Thermal Expansion of Tool Steels

Selecting Thermal Expansion of Tool Steels at Temperature

Selecting Thermal Expansion of Alloy Cast Irons

Selecting Thermal Expansion of Ceramics

Selecting Thermal Expansion of Glasses

Selecting Thermal Expansion of Polymers

Selecting Thermal Expansion Coefficients for Materials used in Integrated Circuits

Selecting Thermal Expansion Coefficients for Materials used in Integrated Circuits at Temperature

CHAPTER 13 Selecting Mechanical Properties

Selecting Tensile Strength of Tool Steels

Selecting Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Irons

Selecting Tensile Strength of Ductile Irons

Selecting Tensile Strengths of Malleable Iron Castings

Selecting Tensile Strengths of Aluminum Casting Alloys

Selecting Tensile Strengths of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Selecting Tensile Strengths of Ceramics

Selecting Tensile Strengths of Glass

Selecting Tensile Strengths of Polymers

Selecting Compressive Strengths of Gray Cast Iron Bars

Selecting Compressive Strengths of Ceramics

Selecting Compressive Strengths of Polymers

Selecting Yield Strengths of Tool Steels

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Selecting Yield Strengths of Ductile Irons

Selecting Yield Strengths of Malleable Iron Castings

Selecting Yield Strengths of Cast Aluminum Alloys

Selecting Yield Strengths of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Selecting Yield Strengths of Polymers

Selecting Compressive Yield Strengths of Polymers

Selecting Flexural Strengths of Polymers

Selecting Shear Strengths of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Selecting Torsional Shear Strengths of Gray Cast Iron Bars

Selecting Hardness of Tool Steels

Selecting Hardness of Gray Cast Irons

Selecting Hardness of Gray Cast Iron Bars

Selecting Hardness of Ductile Irons

Selecting Hardness of Malleable Iron Castings

Selecting Hardness of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Selecting Hardness of Ceramics

Selecting Microhardness of Glass

Selecting Hardness of Polymers

Selecting Coefficients of Static Friction for Polymers

Selecting Abrasion Resistance of Polymers

Selecting Fatigue Strengths of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

Selecting Reversed Bending Fatigue Limits of Gray Cast Iron Bars

Selecting Impact Energy of Tool Steels

Selecting Impact Strengths of Polymers

Selecting Tensile Moduli of Gray Cast Irons

Selecting Tensile Moduli of Treated Ductile Irons

Selecting Youngs Moduli of Ceramics

Selecting Youngs Moduli of Glass

Selecting Moduli of Elasticity in Tension for Polymers

Selecting Compression Moduli of Treated Ductile Irons

Selecting Modulus of Elasticity in Compression for Polymers

Selecting Bulk Moduli of Glass

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Selecting Moduli of Elasticity in Flexure of Polymers

Selecting Shear Moduli of Glass

Selecting Torsional Moduli of Gray Cast Irons

Selecting Torsional Moduli of Treated Ductile Irons

Selecting Moduli of Rupture for Ceramics

Selecting Poissons Ratios for Ceramics

Selecting Poissons Ratios of Glass

Selecting Compression Poissons Ratios of Treated Ductile Irons

Selecting Torsion Poissons Ratios of Treated Ductile Irons

Selecting Elongation of Tool Steels

Selecting Elongation of Ductile Irons

Selecting Elongation of Malleable Iron Castings

Selecting Total Elongation of Cast Aluminum Alloys

Selecting Total Elongation of Polymers

Selecting Elongation at Yield of Polymers

Selecting Area Reduction of Tool Steels

CHAPTER 14 Selecting Electrical Properties

Selecting Electrical Resistivity of Alloy Cast Irons

Selecting Resistivity of Ceramics

Selecting Volume Resistivity of Glass

Selecting Volume Resistivity of Polymers

Selecting Critical Temperature of Superconductive Elements

Selecting Dissipation Factor for Polymers at 60 Hz

Selecting Dissipation Factor for Polymers at 1 MHz

Selecting Dielectric Strength of Polymers

Selecting Dielectric Constants of Polymers at 60 Hz

Selecting Dielectric Constants of Polymers at 1 MHz

Selecting Tangent Loss in Glass

Selecting Tangent Loss in Glass by Temperature

Selecting Tangent Loss in Glass by Frequency

Selecting Electrical Permittivity of Glass

Selecting Electrical Permittivity of Glass by Frequency

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Selecting Arc Resistance of Polymers

CHAPTER 15 Selecting Optical Properties

Selecting Transmission Range of Optical Materials

Selecting Transparency of Polymers

Selecting Refractive Indices of Glasses

Selecting Refractive Indices of Polymers

CHAPTER 16 Selecting Chemical Properties

Selecting Water Absorption of Polymers

Selecting Iron Alloys in 10% Corrosive Medium

Selecting Iron Alloys in 100% Corrosive Medium

Selecting Nonferrous Metals for use in a 10% Corrosive Medium

Selecting Nonferrous Metals for use in a 100% Corrosive Medium

Selecting Corrosion Rates of Metals

Selecting Corrosion Rates of Metals in Corrosive Environments

Selecting Flammability of Polymers

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Dedication

To

Penelope and Scott

Li-Li and Cassie

2.1 Front Matter Page xvii Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00

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Shackelford, James F. et al Structure of Materials Materials Science andEngineeringHandbook Ed. James F. Shackelford & W. AlexanderBoca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2001

List of Tables

1

CHAPTER 1 Structure of Materials

Subatomic Structure

Electronic Structure of Selected Elements

Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements

Atomic Structure

Periodic Table of the Elements

Periodic Table of Elements in Metallic Materials

Periodic Table of Elements in Ceramic Materials

Periodic Table of Elements in Polymeric Materials

Periodic Table of Elements in Semiconducting Materials

Periodic Table of Elements in Superconducting Metals

Bond Structure

Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements

Bond Length Values Between Elements

Periodic Table of Carbon Bond Lengths ()

Carbon Bond Lengths

Carbon Bond Lengths in Polymers

Bond Angle Values Between Elements

Crystal Structure

Key to Tables of Crystal Structure of the Elements

The Seven Crystal Systems

3.0 Structure Page 1 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00

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CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering2

List of Tables(Continued)

Structural Properties

The Fourteen Bravais Lattices

Periodic Table of the Body Centered Cubic Elements

Periodic Table of the Face Centered Cubic Elements

Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Close Packed Elements

Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Elements

Structure of Ceramics

Density

Atomic Mass of Selected Elements

Solid Density of Selected Elements

Density of Iron and Iron Alloys

Density of Wrought Stainless Steels

Density of Stainless Steels and Heat-Resistant Alloys

Density of Aluminum Alloys

Density of Copper and Copper Alloys

Density of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys

Density of Nickel and Nickel Alloys

Density of Lead and Lead Alloys

Density of Tin and Tin Alloys

Density of Wrought Titanium Alloys

Density of Titanium and Titanium alloys

Density of Zinc and Zinc Alloys

Density of Permanent Magnet Materials

Density of Precious Metals

Density of Superalloys

Density of Selected Ceramics

Density of Glasses

Specific Gravity of Polymers

Density of 55MSI Graphite/6061 Aluminum Composites

Density of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Metals

Density of Si3N4 Composites


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3

Table 1. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF SELECTED ELEMENTS

At. Element Sym Electronic ConfigurationNo.

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f 6s 6p 6d 7s1 Hydrogen H 12 Helium He 23 Lithium Li . 14 Beryllium Be . 25 Boron B . 2 16 Carbon C . 2 27 Nitrogen N . 2 38 Oxygen O . 2 49 Fluorine F . 2 5

10 Neon N . 2 611 Sodium Na . . . 112 Magnesium Mg . . . 213 Aluminum Al . . . 2 114 Silicon Si . . . 2 215 Phosphorus P . . . 2 316 Sulfur S . . . 2 417 Chlorine Cl . . . 2 518 Argon Ar . . . 2 619 Potassium K . . . . . 120 Calcium Ca . . . . . 221 Scandium Sc . . . . . 1 222 Titanium Ti . . . . . 2 223 Vanadium V . . . . . 3 224 Chromium Cr . . . . . 5 125 Manganese Mn . . . . . 5 226 Iron Fe . . . . . 6 227 Cobalt Co . . . . . 7 228 Nickel Ni . . . . . 8 229 Copper Cu . . . . . 10 130 Zinc Zn . . . . . 10 231 Gallium Ga . . . . . 10 2 132 Germanium Ge . . . . . 10 2 233 Arsenic As . . . . . 10 2 334 Selenium Se . . . . . 10 2 435 Bromine Br . . . . . 10 2 536 Krypton Kr . . . . . 10 2 637 Rubidium Rb . . . . . . . . 138 Strontium Sr . . . . . . . . 239 Yttrium Y . . . . . . . . 1 240 Zirconium Zr . . . . . . . . 2 241 Niobium Nb . . . . . . . . 4 142 Molybdenum Mo . . . . . . . . 5 143 Technetium Tc . . . . . . . . 6 144 Ruthenium Ru . . . . . . . . 7 145 Rhodium Rh . . . . . . . . 8 146 Palladium Pd . . . . . . . . 1047 Silver Ag . . . . . . . . 10 148 Cadmium Cd . . . . . . . . 10 249 Indium In . . . . . . . . 10 2 150 Tin Sn . . . . . . . . 10 2 251 Antimony Sb . . . . . . . . 10 2 352 Tellurium Te . . . . . . . . 10 2 553 Iodine I . . . . . . . . 10 2 554 Xenon Xe . . . . . . . . 10 2 6


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At. Element Sym Electronic ConfigurationNo.

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f 6s 6p 6d 7s

55 Cesium Ce . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Barium Ba . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Lantium La . . . . . . . . . . . 1 258 Cerium Ce . . . . . . . . . 2 . . 259 Praseodymium Pr . . . . . . . . . 3 . . 260 Neodymium Nd . . . . . . . . . 4 . . 261 Promethium Pm . . . . . . . . . 5 . . 262 Samarium Sm . . . . . . . . . 6 . . 263 Europium Eu . . . . . . . . . 7 . . 264 Gadolinium Gd . . . . . . . . . 7 . . 1 265 Terbium Tb . . . . . . . . . 9 . . 266 Dysprosium Dy . . . . . . . . . 10 . . 267 Holmium Ho . . . . . . . . . 11 . . 268 Erbium Er . . . . . . . . . 12 . . 269 Thulium Tm . . . . . . . . . 13 . . 270 Ytterbium Yb . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 271 Lutetium Lu . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 1 272 Hafnium Hf . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 2 273 Tantalum Ta . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 3 274 Tungsten W . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 4 275 Rhenium Re . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 5 276 Osmium Os . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 6 277 Iridium Ir . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 978 Platinum Pt . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 9 179 Gold Au . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 10 180 Mercury Hg . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 10 281 Thallium Tl . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 10 2 182 Lead Pb . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 10 2 283 Bismuth Bi . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 10 2 384 Polonium Po . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 10 2 485 Asatine At . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 10 2 586 Radon Rn . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 10 2 687 Francium Fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Radium Ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Actinium Ac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 290 Thorium Th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 291 Protoactinium Pa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . 1 292 Uranium U . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . 1 293 Neptunium Np . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . 1 294 Plutonium Pu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . . 295 Americium Am . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . 296 Curium Cm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . 1 297 Berkelium Bk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . 298 Californium Cf . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . 299 Einsteinium Es . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . 2

100 Fermium Fm . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . 2101 Mendelevium Md . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . 2102 Nobelium No . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 2103 Lawrencium Lw . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . 1 2


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5

Table 2. AVAILABLE STABLE ISOTOPES OF THE ELEMENTS (SHEET 1 OF 11)

ElementMassNo.

NaturalAbundance

(%)

Hydrogen 1 99.9852 0.015

Helium 3 0.000134 100.0

Lithium 6 7.427 92.58

Beryllium 9 100.0

Boron 10 19.7811 80.22

Carbon 12 98.8913 1.11

Nitrogen 14 99.6315 0.37

Oxygen 16 99.7617 0.0418 0.20

Fluorine 19 100.0

Neon 20 90.9221 0.2622 8.82

Sodium 23 100.0

Magnesium 24 78.7025 10.1326 11.17

Source: Wang, Y., Ed., Handbook of Radioactive Nuclides, The Chemical Rubber Co.,Cleveland, 1969, 25.


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Aluminum 27 100.0

Silicon 28 92.2129 4.7030 3.09

Phosphorus 31 100.0

Sulfur 32 95.033 0.7634 4.2236 0.014

Chlorine 35 75.5337 24.47

Argon 36 0.3438 0.0640 99.60

Potassium 39 93.1

40a 0.0141 6.9

Calcium 40 96.9742 0.6443 0.1444 2.0646 0.00348 0.18

Scandium 45 100.0


ElementMassNo.

NaturalAbundance

(%)



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Titanium 46 7.9347 7.2848 73.9449 5.5150 5.34

Vanadium 50 0.2451 99.76

Chromium 50 4.3152 83.7653 9.5554 2.38

Manganese 55 100.0

Iron 54 5.8256 91.6657 2.1958 0.33

Cobalt 59 100.0

Nickel 58 67.8460 26.2361 1.1962 3.6664 1.08

Copper 63 69.0965 30.91


ElementMassNo.

NaturalAbundance

(%)



2001 CRC Press LLC



Zinc 64 48.8966 27.8167 4.1168 18.5770 0.62

Gallium 69 60.471 39.6

Germanium 70 20.5272 27.4373 7.7674 36.5476 7.76

Arsenic 75 100.0

Selenium 74 0.8776 9.0277 7.5878 23.5280 49.8282 9.19

Bromine 79 50.5481 49.46

Krypton 78 0.3580 2.2782 11.5683 11.5584 56.9086 17.37

Rubidium 85 72.1587 27.85


ElementMassNo.

NaturalAbundance

(%)



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Strontium 84 0.5686 9.8687 7.0288 82.56

Yttrium 89 100.0

Zirconium 90 51.4691 11.2392 17.1194 17.4096 2.80

Niobium 93 100.0

Molybdenum 92 15.8494 9.0495 15.7296 16.5397 9.4698 23.78

100 9.63

Ruthenium 96 5.5198 1.8799 12.72

100 12.62101 17.07102 31.61104 18.60

Rhodium 103 100.0


ElementMassNo.

NaturalAbundance

(%)



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Palladium 102 0.96104 10.97105 22.23106 27.33108 26.71110 11.81

Silver 107 51.82109 48.18

Cadmium 106 1.22108 0.88110 12.39111 12.75112 24.07113 12.26114 28.86116 7.58

Indium 113 4.28115 95.72

Tin 112 0.96114 0.66115 0.35116 14.30117 7.61118 24.03119 8.58120 32.85122 4.72124 5.94

Antimony 121 57.25123 42.75


ElementMassNo.

NaturalAbundance

(%)



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Tellurium 120 0.09122 2.46123 0.87124 4.61125 6.99126 18.71128 31.79130 34.48

Iodine 127 100.0

Xenon 124 0.096126 0.090128 1.92129 26.44130 4.08131 21.18132 26.89134 10.44136 8.87

Cesium 133 100.0

Barium 130 0.101132 0.097134 2.42135 6.59136 7.81137 11.30138 71.66

Lanthanum 138 0.09139 99.91


ElementMassNo.

NaturalAbundance

(%)



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Cerium 136 0.193138 0.250140 88.48

142d 11.07

Praseodymium141 100.0

Neodymium 142 27.11143 12.17144 23.85146 17.22148 5.73150 5.62

Samarium 144 3.09

147e 14.97

148f 11.24149g 13.83150 7.44152 26.72154 22.71

Europium 151 47.82153 52.18

Gadolinium 152h 0.20154 2.15155 14.73156 20.47157 15.68158 24.87160 21.90

Terbium 159 100.0


ElementMassNo.

NaturalAbundance

(%)



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Dysprosium 156i 0.052158 0.090160 2.29161 18.88162 25.53163 24.97164 28.18

Holmium 165 100.0186 28.41

Erbium 162 0.136164 1.56166 33.41167 22.94168 27.07170 14.88186 1.59

Thulium 169 100.0189 16.1

Ytterbium 168 0.135170 3.03171 14.31172 21.82173 16.13174 31.84176 12.73

Lutetium 175 97.40

176j 2.60


ElementMassNo.

NaturalAbundance

(%)



2001 CRC Press LLC



Haffiium 174k 0.18176 5.20177 18.50178 27.14179 13.75180 35.24

Tantalum 180 0.012181 99.988

Tungsten 180 0.14182 26.41183 14.40184 30.64

Rhenium 185 37.07187 62.93

Osmium 184 0.018187 1.64188 13.3190 26.4192 41.0

Iridium 191 37.3193 62.7

Platinum 190m 0.013192 0.78194 32.9195 33.8196 25.3198 7.2

Gold 197 100.0


ElementMassNo.

NaturalAbundance

(%)



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Mercury 196 0.146198 10.02199 16.84200 23.13201 13.22202 29.80204 6.85

Thallium 203 29.50205 70.50

Lead 204 1.48206 23.6207 22.6208 52.3

Bismuth 209 100.0

Thorium 232n 100.0

Uranium 234o 0.0006

235p 0.72238q 99.27

a half-life = 1.3 x 109 y.b half-life > 1015 yc half-life = 5 x 1014 yd half-life = 5 x 1014 ye half-life = 1.06 x 1011 yf half-life = 1.2 x 1013 yg half-life = 1.2 x 1014 yh half-life = 1.1 x 1014 y

i half-life = 2 x 1014 y

j half-life = 2.2 x 1010 yk half-life = 4.3 x 1015 yl half-life = 4 x 1010 ym half-life = 6 x 1011 yn half-life = 1.4 x 1010 yo half-life = 2.5 x 105 yp half-life = 7.1 x 108 yq half-life = 4.5 x 109 ynaturally occurring.


ElementMassNo.

NaturalAbundance

(%)



2001 CRC Press LLC

Table 3. PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

1IA

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18VIIA

1H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

2He

3Li

4Be

5B

6C

7N

8O

9F

10Ne

11Na

12Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB ----- VIII ----- IB IIB

13Al

14Si

15P

16S

17Cl

18Ar

19K

20Ca

21Sc

22Ti

23V

24Cr

25Mn

26Fe

27Co

28Ni

29Cu

30Zn

31Ga

32Ge

33As

34Se

35Br

36Kr

37Rb

38Sr

39Y

40Zr

41Nb

42Mo

43Tc

44Ru

45Rh

46Pd

47Ag

48Cd

49In

50Sn

51Sb

52Te

53I

54Xe

55Cs

56Ba

72Hf

73Ta

74W

75Re

76Os

77Ir

78Pt

79Au

80Hg

81Tl

82Pb

83Bi

84Po

85At

86Rn

87Fr

88Ra

57La

58Ce

59Pr

60Nd

61Pm

62Sm

63Eu

64Gd

65Tb

66Dy

67Ho

68Er

69Tm

70Yb

71Lu

89Ac

90Th

91Pa

92U

93Np

94Pu

95Am

96Cm

97Bk

98Cf

99Es

100Fm

101Md

102No

103Lw

3.2 Structure L Page 16 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00

2001 CRC Press LLC

Table 4. PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS IN METALLIC MATERIALS

1IA

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18VIIA

IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

3Li

4Be

5B

11Na


13Al

19K

20Ca

21Sc

22Ti

23V

24Cr

25Mn

26Fe

27Co

28Ni

29Cu

30Zn

31Ga

37Rb

38Sr

39Y

40Zr

41Nb

42Mo

43Tc

44Ru

45Rh

46Pd

47Ag

48Cd

49In

50Sn

51Sb

55Cs

56Ba

72Hf

73Ta

74W

75Re

76Os

77Ir

78Pt

79Au

80Hg

81Tl

82Pb

83Bi

87Fr

88Ra

57La

58Ce

59Pr

60Nd

61Pm

62Sm

63Eu

64Gd

65Tb

66Dy

67Ho

68Er

69Tm

70Yb

71Lu

89Ac

90Th

91Pa

92U

93Np

94Pu

95Am

96Cm

97Bk

98Cf

99Es

100Fm

101Md

102No

103Lw


2001 CRC Press LLC

Table 5. PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS IN CERAMIC MATERIALS

1IA

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18VIIA


3Li

4Be

5B

6C

7N

8O

11Na


13Al

14Si

15P

16S

19K

20Ca

21Sc

22Ti

23V

24Cr

25Mn

26Fe

27Co

28Ni

29Cu

30Zn

31Ga

32Ge

37Rb

38Sr

39Y

40Zr

41Nb

42Mo

43Tc

44Ru

45Rh

46Pd

47Ag

48Cd

49In

50Sn

51Sb

55Cs

56Ba

72Hf

73Ta

74W

75Re

76Os

77Ir

78Pt

79Au

80Hg

81Tl

82Pb

83Bi

87Fr

88Ra

57La

58Ce

59Pr

60Nd

61Pm

62Sm

63Eu

64Gd

65Tb

66Dy

67Ho

68Er

69Tm

70Yb

71Lu

89Ac

90Th

91Pa

92U

93Np

94Pu

95Am

96Cm

97Bk

98Cf

99Es

100Fm

101Md

102No

103Lw


2001 CRC Press LLC

Table 6. PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS IN POLYMERIC MATERIALS

1IA

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18VIIA

1H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

6C

7N

8O

9F

IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB ----- VIII ----- IB IIB14Si


2001 CRC Press LLC

Table 7. PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS IN SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS

1IA

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18VIIA


8O

IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB ----- VIII ----- IB IIB13Al

14Si

15P

16S

30Zn

31Ga

32Ge

33As

34Se

48Cd

49In

50Sn

51Sb

52Te

80Hg


2001 CRC Press LLC

Table 8. PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS IN SUPERCONDUCTING METALS

1IA

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18VIIA


4Be


22Ti

23V

30Zn

31Ga

40Zr

41Nb

42Mo

43Tc

44Ru

48Cd

49In

50Sn

51Sb

73Ta

74W

75Re

76Os

77Ir

80Hg

82Pb

57La

90Th

91Pa


2001 CRC Press LLC



Table 9. ATOMIC AND IONIC RADII OF THE ELEMENTS (SHEET 1 OF 5)

Atomic Number Symbol

Atomic Radius(nm) Ion

Ionic Radius(nm)

1 H 0.046 H 0.1542 He 3 Li 0.152 Li+ 0.078

4 Be 0.114 Be2+ 0.054

5 B 0.097 B3+ 0.02

6 C 0.077 C4+



23

22 Ti 0.147 Ti2+ 0.076

Ti3+ 0.069

Ti4+ 0.064

23 V 0.132 V3+ 0.065

V4+ 0.061

V5+ 0.04

24 Cr 0.125 Cr3+ 0.064

Cr6+ 0.030.04

25 Mn 0.112 Mn2+ 0.091

Mn3+ 0.070

Mn4+ 0.052

26 Fe 0.124 Fe2+ 0.087

Fe2+ 0.067

27 Co 0.125 Co2+ 0.082

Co3+ 0.065

28 Ni 0.125 Ni2+ 0.078

29 Cu 0.128 Cu+ 0.096

30 Zn 0.133 Zn2+ 0.083

31 Ga 0.135 Ga3+ 0.062

32 Ge 0.122 Ge4+ 0.044

33 As 0.125 As3+ 0.069

As5+ ~0.04

34 Se 0.116 Se2 0.191

Se6+ 0.030.04

35 Br 0.119 Br 0.19636 Kr 0.197




Ionic Radius(nm)

Source: Data from R. A. Flinn and P. K. Trojan, Engineering Materials and TheirApplications, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1975. The ionic radii are based on thecalculations of V. M. Goldschmidt, who assigned radii based on known interatomicdistances in various ionic crystals.


2001 CRC Press LLC



37 Rb 0.251 Rb+ 0.149

38 Sr 0.215 Sr2+ 0.127

39 Y 0.181 Y3+ 0.106

40 Zr 0.158 Zr4+ 0.087

41 Nb 0.143 Nb4+ 0.074

Nb5+ 0.069

42 Mo 0.136 Mo4+ 0.068

Mo6+ 0.065

43 Tc 44 Ru 0.134 Ru4+ 0.065

45 Rh 0.134 Rh3+ 0.068

Rh4+ 0.065

46 Pd 0.137 Pd2+ 0.050

47 Ag 0.144 Ag+ 0.113

48 Cd 0.150 Cd2+ 0.103

49 In 0.157 In3+ 0.091

50 Sn 0.158 Sn4 0.215

Sn4+ 0.074

51 Sb 0.161 Sb3+ 0.090

52 Te 0.143 Te2 0.211

Te4+ 0.089

53 I 0.136 I 0.220

I5+ 0.09454 Xe 0.218 55 Cs 0.265 Cs+ 0.165




Ionic Radius(nm)



2001 CRC Press LLC



25

56 Ba 0.217 Ba2+ 0.13

57 La 0.187 La3+ 0.122

58 Ce 0.182 Ce3+ 0.118

Ce4+ 0.102

59 Pr 0.183 Pr3+ 0.116

Pr4+ 0.100

60 Nd 0.182 Nd3+ 0.115

61 Pm Pm3+ 0.106

62 Sm 0.181 Sm3+ 0.113

63 Eu 0.204 Eu3+ 0.113

64 Gd 0.180 Gd3+ 0.111

65 Tb 0.177 Tb3+ 0.109

Tb4+ 0.089

66 Dy 0.177 Dy3+ 0.107

67 Ho 0.176 Ho3+ 0.105

68 Er 0.175 Er3+ 0.104

69 Tm 0.174 Tm3+ 0.104

70 Yb 0.193 Yb3+ 0.100

71 Lu 0.173 Lu3+ 0.099

72 Hf 0.159 Hf4+ 0.084

73 Ta 0.147 Ta5+ 0.068

74 W 0.137 W4+ 0.068

W6+ 0.065

75 Re 0.138 Re4+ 0.072

76 Os 0.135 Os4+ 0.067

77 Ir 0.135 Ir4+ 0.066




Ionic Radius(nm)



2001 CRC Press LLC



78 Pt 0.138 Pt2+ 0.052

Pt4+ 0.055

79 Au 0.144 Au+ 0.137

80 Hg 0.150 Hg2+ 0.112

81 Tl 0.171 Tl+ 0.149

Tl3+ 0.106

82 Pb 0.175 Pb4 0.215

Pb2+ 0.132

Pb4+ 0.084

83 Bi 0.182 Bi3+ 0.120

84 Po 0.140 Po6+ 0.067

85 At At7+ 0.06286 Rn 87 Fr Fr+ 0.180

88 Ra Ra+ 0.152

89 Ac Ac3+ 0.118

90 Th 0.180 Th4+ 0.11091 Pa

92 U 0.138 U4+ 0.105




Ionic Radius(nm)



2001 CRC Press LLC



27

Table 10. BOND LENGTH VALUES BETWEEN ELEMENTS (SHEET 1 OF 4)

Elements Compound Bond length ()

B-B B2H6 1.770 0.013

B-Br BBF 1.88BBr

3 1.87 0.02

B-Cl BCl 1.715BCl

3 1.72 0.01

B-F BF 1.262BF

3 1.29 0.01

B-H Hydrides 1.21 .02B-H bridge Hydrides 1.39 .02

B-N (BClNH)3 1.42 .01

B-0 BO 1.2049B(OH)

3 1.362 0.005 (av)

N-Cl NO2Cl 1.79 0.02

N-F NF3 1.36 0.02

N-H [NH4]+ 1.034 0.003

NH 1.038ND 1.041

HNCS 1.013 0.005

N-N N3H 1.02 0.01

N2O 1.126 0.002

[N2]+ 1.116

N-O NO2Cl 1.24 0.01

NO2 1.188 0.005

To convert to nm, multiply by 10-1

Source: from Kennard, O., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th ed., Weast, R. C.,Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1988, F-167.


2001 CRC Press LLC



N=O N2O 1.186 0.002

[NO]+ 1.0619

N-Si SiN 1.572

O-H [OH]+ 1.0289OD 0.9699

H2O

2 0.960 0.005

B-B B2H6 1.770 0.013

B-Br BBF 1.88BBr

3 1.87 0.02

B-Cl BCl 1.715BCl

3 1.72 0.01

B-F BF 1.262BF

3 1.29 0.01

B-H Hydrides 1.21 .02B-H bridge Hydrides 1.39 .02

B-N (BClNH)3 1.42 .01

B-0 BO 1.2049B(OH)

3 1.362 0.005 (av)

N-Cl NO2Cl 1.79 0.02

N-F NF3 1.36 0.02

N-H [NH4]+ 1.034 0.003

NH 1.038ND 1.041

HNCS 1.013 0.005






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29

N-N N3H 1.02 0.01

N2O 1.126 0.002

[N2]+ 1.116

N-O NO2Cl 1.24 0.01

NO2 1.188 0.005

N=O N2O 1.186 0.002

[NO]+ 1.0619

N-Si SiN 1.572

O-H [OH]+ 1.0289OD 0.9699

H2O

2 0.960 0.005

O-O H2O2 1.48 0.01

[O2]+ 1.227

[O2]- 1.26 0.2

[O2]- - 1.49 0.02

P-D PD 1.429

P-H [PH4]+ 1.42 0.02

P-N PN 1.4910

P-S PSBr3 (Cl3,F3) 1.86 0.02

S-Br SOBr2 2.27 0.02

S-F SOF2 1.585 0.005

S-D SD 1.3473SD

2 1.345






2001 CRC Press LLC



S-O SO2 1.4321

SOCl2 1.45 0.02

S-S S2Cl2 2.04 0.01

Si-Br SiBr4 2.17 1.01

Si-Cl SiCl4 2.03 1.01 (av)

Si-F SiF4 1.561 0.003 (av)

Si-H SiH4 1.480 0.005

Si-O [SiO]+ 1.504

Si-Si Si2Cl2 2.30 0.02






2001 CRC Press LLC

Table 11. PERIODIC TABLE OF CARBON BOND LENGTHS ()

1IA

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18VIIA

H1.06 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

Be1.93

B1.56

C1.2

N1.47

O1.43

F1.55

IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB ----- VIII ----- IB IIBAl

2.24Si

1.8P

1.87S

1.81Cl1.7

Cr1.92

Fe1.94

Co1.93

Ni18.2

Ge1.98

As1.98

Se1.98

Br1.9

Mo2.08

Pd2.27

In2.16

Sn2.15

Sb2.16

Te2.05

I2.1

W2.06

Hg2.07

Pb2.29

Bi2.30


2001 CRC Press LLC



Table 12. CARBON BOND LENGTHS (SHEET 1 OF 3)

GroupNo. Element.

At. No. Sym.

Bond Length() Bond Type

1 Hydrogen 1 H 1.056 1.1152 Beryllium 4 Be 1.93

6 Chromium 24 Cr 1.92 0.04Molybdenum 42 Mo 2.08 0.04

Tungsten 74 W 2.06 0.01

8 Iron 26 Fe 1.94 0.029 Cobalt 27 Co 1.93 0.02

10 Nickel 28 Ni 1.82 0.03Palladium 46 Pd 2.27 0.04

12 Mercury 80 Hg 2 .07 0.01

13 Aluminum 13 Al 2.24 0.04Boron 5 B 1. 56 0.01

Indium 49 In 2.16 0.04

14 Carbon 6 C 1.20 1.54 Alkyls (CH3XH3)

Germanium 32 Ge 1.98 0.03 Alkyls (CH3XH3)

Lead 82 Pb 2.29 0.05 Alkyls (CH3XH3)

Silicon 14 Si 1.865 0.008 Alkyls (CH3XH3)

1.84 0.01 Aryls (C6H5XH3)

1.88 0.01Neg. Subst. (CH3XCI3)

Tin 50 Sn 2.143 0.008 Alkyls (CH3XH3)

2.18 0.02Neg. Subst. (CH3XCI3)

15 Arsenic 33 As 1.98 0.02 Paraffinic (CH3)3X

Bismuth 83 Bi 2.30 Paraffinic (CH3)3X

Nitrogen 7 N 1 .47 1.1

Phosphorus 15 P 1.87 0.02 Paraffinic (CH3)3X

Antimony 51 Sb 2.202 0.016 Paraffinic (CH3)3X

Source: data from Lide, David R., Ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRCPress, Boca Raton, (1990); and Tables of interatomic distances Chem. Soc. of London,1958.


2001 CRC Press LLC



33

16 Oxygen 8 O 1.43 1.15Sulfur 16 S 1.81 1.55

Selenium 34 Se 1 .98 1.71Tellurium 52 Te 2.05 0.14

17 Bromine 35 Br 1.937 0.003Paraffinic

(mono. substituted)(CH3X)

Br 1.937 0.003Paraffinic

(disubstituted) (CH2X2)

Br 1.89 0.01 Olfinic(CH2:CHX)

1.85 0.01 Aromatic (C6H3X)

1.79 0.01 Acetylenic (HC:CX)

Chlorine 17 Cl 1.767 0.002Paraffinic

(mono. substituted) (CH3X)

Cl 1.767 0.002Paraffinic


Cl 1.72 0.01 Olfinic(CH2:CHX)



Fluorine 9 F 1.831 0.005Paraffinic


F 1.334 0.004Paraffinic



GroupNo. Element.

At. No. Sym.




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Fluorine cont F 1.325 0.1

Olfinic(CH2:CHX)



Iodine 53 I 2.13 0.1Paraffinic


I 2.13 0.1Paraffinic


I 2.092 0.005 Olfinic(CH2:CHX)



Table 13. CARBON BOND LENGTHS IN POLYMERS (SHEET 1 OF 3)

Bond Type Polymer Type Bond Length ()

CARBON-CARBON

Single Bond Paraffinic 1.541 0.003In diamond (18C) 1.54452 0.00014

Source: data from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, David R. Lide, Ed., CRCPress, Boca Raton, (1990) and Tables of interatomic distances Chem. Soc. of London,(1958).


GroupNo. Element.

At. No. Sym.




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CARBON-CARBON contt

Partial Double Bond

(1) Shortening of single bond in presence of carbon carbon double bond, e.g. (CH2),C3CH2; or of aromatic ring e.g. C6H5 CH3

1.53 0.01

(2) Shortening in presence of a carbon oxygen double bonde.g. CH3CHO

1.516 0.005

(3) Shortening in presence of two carbon oxygen double bonds, e.g. (CO2H)2

1.49 0.01

(4) Shortening in presence of a carbon oxygen triple bond,e.g. CH3C:CH

1.460 0.003

(5) In compounds with tendency to dipole formation, e.g. C:C.C:N

1.44 0.01

(6) In graphite(at 15 C) 1.4210 0.0001

(7) In aromatic compounds 1.395 0.003

(8) in presence of a carbon carbon triple bonds,

e.g. HC=C-C=CH1.373 0.004

Double Bonds (1) simple 1.337 0.006

(2) Part triple bond, e.g. CH2:C:CH2 1.309 0.005

Triple Bond (1) Simple, e.g. C2H2 1.204 0.002

(2) Conjugated, e.g. CH3.(C:C)2.He.g. C5H5N

1.206 0.004





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CARBON-HYDROGEN (1) Paraffinic

(a) in methane 1.091(b) in monosubstituted carbon 1.101(c) in disubstituted carbon 1.073(d) in trisubstituted carbon 1.070

(2) Olefinic, c.g. CH2:CH2 1.07 0.01

(3) Aromatic in C6H6 1.094 0.006

(4) Acetylenic, e.g. CH2:C.X 1.056 0.003

(5) Shortening in presence of a carbon oxygen triple bond, e.g.CH3CN

1.115 0.004

(6) In small rings, e.g. (CH2)2S 1.081 0.007

CARBON-NITROGENSingle Bond (1) Paraffinic

(a) 4 co-valent nitrogen 1.479(b) 3 co-valent nitrogen 1.472

(2) in C-N= e.g. CH3NO2 1.475 0.010

(3) Aromatic in C6H5NHCOCH3 1.426 0.012

(4) Shortened (partial double bond) in h.heterocyclic systems, 1.352 0.005

(5) Shortened (partial double bond) in N-C=O e.g. HCONH2 1.322 0.003

Triple Bond (1) in R.C:N 1.158 0.002





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Table 14. BOND ANGLE VALUES BETWEEN ELEMENTS

Element Bond Compound Bond angle ()

B HBH B2H6 121.5 7.5

B BrBBr BBr3 120 6

B Cl BCl BCl3 120 3

B FBF BF3 120

B OBO B(OH)3 119.7

N BNB (BClNH)3 121

N FNF NF3 102.5 1.5N HNC HNCS 130.25 0.25

N HNN N3H 112.65 0.5

N ONO NO2Cl 126 2

N ONO NO2 134.1 0.25

O OOH H2O2 100 2

S BrSBr SOBr2 96 2

S FSF SOF2 92.8 1

S OSO SO2 119.54

Source: Kennard, O., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th ed., Weast, R. C., Ed.,CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1988, F167.


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Table 15. KEY TO TABLES OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE ELEMENTS

Table TitleTable

NumberPage

Number

The Seven Crystal Systems Table 16 Page 39The Fourteen Bravais Lattices Table 17 Page 40

Periodic Table of the Body Centered Cubic Elements Table 18 Page 41Periodic Table of the Face Centered Cubic Elements Table 19 Page 42Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Close Packed Elements Table 20 Page 43Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Elements Table 21 Page 44


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Table 16. THE SEVEN CRYSTAL SYSTEMS

System Axial Lengths and Angles Unit Cell Geometry

Source: James F. Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, 4th ed.,Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996.


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Table 17. THE FOURTEEN BRAVAIS LATTICES

Source: James F. Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, 4th ed.,Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996.


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Table 18. PERIODIC TABLE OF THE BODY CENTERED CUBIC ELEMENTS

1IA

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18VIIA


3Li

11Na IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB ----- VIII ----- IB IIB

19K

23V

24Cr

25Mn

26Fe

37Rb

41Nb

42Mo

55Cs

56Ba

73Ta

74W

87Fr

88Ra

63Eu


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Table 19. PERIODIC TABLE OF THE FACE CENTERED CUBIC ELEMENTS

1IA

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18VIIA


10Ne


14Si

18Ar

20Ca

28Ni

29Cu

32Ge

36Kr

38Sr

45Rh

46Pd

47Ag

54Xe

77Ir

78Pt

79Au

82Pb

86Rn

57La

89Ac


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Table 20. PERIODIC TABLE OF THE HEXAGONAL CLOSE PACKED ELEMENTS

1IA

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18VIIA


4Be


22Ti

27Co

30Zn

39Y

40Zr

43Tc

44Ru

48Cd

72Hf

75Re

76Os

81Tl

64Gd

65Tb

66Dy

67Ho

68Er

69Tm

71Lu


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Table 21. PERIODIC TABLE OF THE HEXAGONAL ELEMENTS

1IA

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18VIIA


6C

IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB ----- VIII ----- IB IIB

34Se

52Te

57La

59Pr

60Nd

61Pm

95Am

96Cm

97Bk


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Table 22. STRUCTURE OF CERAMICS (SHEET 1 OF 6)

Ceramic Structure

Borides

Chromium Diboride (CrB2)

hexagonal, AlB2 structure (C-32 type)

isomorphous with other transition metal diborides a=2.969; c=3.066; c/a=1.03

Hafnium Diboride (HfB2) hexagonal, AlB2 structure (C-32 type)

isomorphous with TiB2 and ZrB2a=3.141 0.002 ; c=3.470 0.002 ; c/a=1.105

Tantalum Diboride (TaB2) hexagonal, AlB2 structure (C-32 type)

isomorphous with other transition metal diboridesa=3.078-3.088; c=3.241-3.265; c/a=1.06-1.074

low boron composition (64 atom % boron) a=3.097-3.099; c=3.244-3.277

high boron composition :(72 atom % boron)a=3.057-3.060; c=3.291-3.290

Titanium Diboride (TiB2) hexagonal, AlB2 structure (C-32 type)

isomorphous with ZrB2a=3.028-3.030; c=3.227-3.228; c/a=1.064

Zirconium Diboride (ZrB2)

hexagonal, AlB2 structure (C-32 type)

isomorphous with TiB2a=3.1694-3.170; c=3.528-3.5365; c/a=1.114

Carbides

Boron Carbide (B4C)rhombic, C3 chains and B12 icosahedral in a NaCl structure, extended along a body diagonal

To convert to nm, multiply by 10-1.

Source: Data compiled by J.S. Park from No. 1 Materials Index, Peter T.B. Shaffer, PlenumPress, New York, (1964); Smithells Metals Reference Book, Eric A. Brandes, ed., inassociation with Fulmer Research Institute Ltd. 6th ed. London, Butterworths, Boston,(1983); and Ceramic Source, American Ceramic Society (1986-1991).


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Hafnium Monocarbide (HfC)

FCC(B1), NaCl type

isomorphous with HfB and HfNa=4.46-4.643

Silicon Carbide (SiC) low temperature form ()cubic

high temperature form ()hexagonal

-SiC F43m space groupa=4.349-4.358

-SiC C6MC space groupa=3.073; c=15.07; c/a=4.899

Tantalum Monocarbide (TaC)

FCC, NaCl type (B1)

a=4.42-4.456

Titanium Monocarbide (TiC)

FCC, NaCl type (B1)

isomorphous with TiO and TiNa=4.315-4.3316

Trichromium Dicarbide (Cr3C2)

orthorhombic D510 type

a=2.82, b=5.53, c=11.47

Tungsten Monocarbide (WC) Hexagonal

a=2.2897-2.90


Ceramic Structure




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47

Zirconium Monocarbide (ZrC)

FCC(B1), NaCl type

isomorphous with ZrB and ZrNa=4.669-4.694

Nitrides

Aluminum Nitride (AlN) hexagonal, Wurtzite structurea=3.10-3.114; c=4.96-4.981

Boron Nitride (BN) hexagonal (common type)graphite type structurea=2.50380.0001; c=6.600.01B-N distance 1.45

cubiczinc blende structurea=3.615B-N distance 1.57

Titanium Mononitride (TiN) cubic

a=4.23homogeneity range: TiN0.42-TiN1.16 yields

a=4.213 to 4.24

Trisilicon tetranitride (Si3N4)

hexagonal

a=7.748-7.758; c=5.617-5.623

hexagonala=7.608; c=2.911


Ceramic Structure




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Zirconium Mononitride (ZrN) cubic, NaCl type, B1

a=4.567-4.63

Oxides

Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) hexagonal

a=4.785; c=12.991; c/a=2.72

Beryllium Oxide (BeO) hexagonala=2.690-2.698; c=4.370-4.380

Calcium Oxide (CaO) cubic, NaCl typea=4.8105

Cerium Dioxide (CeO2) cubic

Dichromium Trioxide (Cr2O3)

trigonal

rhombic

Hafnium Dioxide (HfO2) monoclinic to 1700 Ctetragonal above 1700 Ca=5.1170; b=5.1754; c=5.2915

= 99.216o

Magnesium Oxide (MgO) cubic, Fm3m space groupa=4.313

Nickel monoxide (NiO) face centered cubic, NaCl type

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) hexagonal


Ceramic Structure




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Thorium Dioxide (ThO2) cubic, fluorite type

a=5.59525-5.5997

Titanium Oxide (TiO2) tetragonal (rutile)a=4.594; c=2.958 at 26 Ctetragonal (anatase)rhombic (brookite)

Uranium Dioxide (UO2) cubic, fluorite type

a=5.471

Zircoium Oxide (ZrO2) to 1050 Cmonoclinic a=5.1505; b=5.2031; c=5.3154

=99.194o at room temp.

10502100Ctetragonal

above 2100C cubic (stabilized)a=5.1320.006 (8.13 mol% Y2O3)

a=5.1450.006 (11.09 mol% Y2O3)

a=5.1460.006 (12.08 mol% Y2O3)

a=5.1530.006 (15.52 mol% Y2O3)

a=5.1620.006 (17.88 mol% Y2O3)

Cordierite (2MgO 2Al2O3 5SiO2)

0rthorhombic

Mullite (3Al2O3 2SiO2) 0rthorhombica=7.540.03; b=7.6930.03;c=2.8900.01

Sillimanite (Al2O3 SiO2) 0rthorhombic


Ceramic Structure




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Spinel (Al2O3 MgO) cubic

a=8.0844

Silicides

Molybdenum Disilicide (MoSi2)

tetragonal, D4h17 space group

isomorphous with WSi2a=3.197-3.20; c=7.85-7.871

Tungsten Disilicide (WSi2) tetragonal, D4h17 space group

isomorphous with MoSi2a=3.2120.005; c=7.8800.005


Ceramic Structure




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Table 23. ATOMIC MASS OF SELECTED ELEMENTS (SHEET 1 OF 4)

At omicNumber Element Symbol

AtomicMass

1 Hydrogen H 1.0082 Helium He 4.0033 Lithium Li 6.9414 Beryllium Be 9.012

5 Boron B 10.816 Carbon C 12.017 Nitrogen N 14.018 Oxygen O 16.00

9 Fluorine F 19.0010 Neon N 20.1811 Sodium Na 22.9912 Magnesium Mg 24.31

13 Aluminum Al 26.9814 Silicon Si 28.0915 Phosphorus P 30.97

(White)

16 Sulfur S 32.0617 Chlorine Cl 35.4518 Argon Ar 39.9519 Potassium K 39.1

20 Calcium Ca 40.0821 Scandium Sc 44.9622 Titanium Ti 47.923 Vanadium V 50.94

24 Chromium Cr 52.0025 Manganese Mn 54.9426 Iron Fe 55.8527 Cobalt Co 58.93

Source: data from James F. Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science forEngineers, Second Edition, Macmillian Publishing Company, New York, pp.686-688,(1988).


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28 Nickel Ni 58.7129 Copper Cu 63.5530 Zinc Zn 65.3831 Gallium Ga 69.72

32 Germanium Ge 72.5933 Arsenic As 74.9234 Selenium Se 78.9635 Bromine Br 79.9

36 Krypton Kr 83.837 Rubidium Rb 85.4738 Strontium Sr 87.6239 Yttrium Y 88.91

40 Zirconium Zr 91.2241 Niobium Nb 92.9142 Molybdenum Mo 95.9443 Technetium Tc 98.91

44 Ruthenium Ru 101.0745 Rhodium Rh 102.9146 Palladium Pd 106.447 Silver Ag 107.87

48 Cadmium Cd 112.449 Indium In 114.8250 Tin Sn 118.6951 Antimony Sb 121.75

52 Tellurium Te 127.653 Iodine I 126.954 Xenon Xe 131.355 Cesium (-10) Ce 132.91



AtomicMass



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56 Barium Ba 137.3357 Lantium La 138.9158 Cerium Ce 140.1259 Praseodymium Pr 140.91

60 Neodymium Nd 144.2461 Promethium Pm (145)62 Samarium Sm 150.463 Europium Eu 151.96

64 Gadolinium Gd 157.2565 Terbium Tb 158.9366 Dysprosium Dy 162.567 Holmium Ho 164.93

68 Erbium Er 167.2669 Thulium Tm 168.9370 Ytterbium Yb 173.0471 Lutetium Lu 174.97

72 Hafnium Hf 178.4973 Tantalum Ta 180.9574 Tungsten W 183.8575 Rhenium Re 186.2

76 Osmium Os 190.277 Iridium Ir 192.2278 Platinum Pt 195.0979 Gold Au 196.97

80 Mercury Hg 200.5981 Thallium Tl 204.3782 Lead Pb 207.283 Bismuth Bi 208.98



AtomicMass



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84 Polonium Po (~210)85 Asatine At (210)86 Radon Rn (222)87 Francium Fr (223)

88 Radium Ra 226.0389 Actinium Ac (227)90 Thorium Th 232.0491 Protoactinium Pa 231.04

92 Uranium U 238.0393 Neptunium Np 237.0594 Plutonium Pu (244)95 Americium Am (243)

96 Curium Cm (247)97 Berkelium Bk (247)98 Californium Cf (251)99 Einsteinium Es (254)

100 Fermium Fm (257)101 Mendelevium Md (258)102 Nobelium No (259)103 Lawrencium Lw (260)



AtomicMass



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Table 24. SOLID DENSITY OF SELECTED ELEMENTS (SHEET 1 OF 3)

Atomic Number Element Symbol

Solid Density(Mg/m3)

3 Lithium Li 0.5334 Beryllium Be 1.855 Boron B 2.476 Carbon C 2.27

11 Sodium Na 0.96612 Magnesium Mg 1.7413 Aluminum Al 2.714 Silicon Si 2.33zz15 Phosphorus (White) P 1.8216 Sulfur S 2.0919 Potassium K 0.86220 Calcium Ca 1.53

21 Scandium Sc 2.9922 Titanium Ti 4.5123 Vanadium V 6.0924 Chromium Cr 7.19

25 Manganese Mn 7.4726 Iron Fe 7.8727 Cobalt Co 8.828 Nickel Ni 8.91

29 Copper Cu 8.9330 Zinc Zn 7.1331 Gallium Ga 5.9132 Germanium Ge 5.32

33 Arsenic As 5.7834 Selenium Se 4.8137 Rubidium Rb 1.5338 Strontium Sr 2.58

Source: data from James F. Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science forEngineers, Second Edition, Macmillian Publishing Company, New York, pp.686-688, (1988).


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39 Yttrium Y 4.4840 Zirconium Zr 6.5141 Niobium Nb 8.5842 Molybdenum Mo 10.22

43 Technetium Tc 11.544 Ruthenium Ru 12.3645 Rhodium Rh 12.4246 Palladium Pd 12.00

47 Silver Ag 10.5048 Cadmium Cd 8.6549 Indium In 7.2950 Tin Sn 7.29

51 Antimony Sb 6.6952 Tellurium Te 6.2553 Iodine I 4.9555 Cesium (-10) Ce 1.91

56 Barium Ba 3.5957 Lantium La 6.1758 Cerium Ce 6.7759 Praseodymium Pr 6.78

60 Neodymium Nd 7.0062 Samarium Sm 7.5463 Europium Eu 5.2564 Gadolinium Gd 7.87

65 Terbium Tb 8.2766 Dysprosium Dy 8.5367 Holmium Ho 8.8068 Erbium Er 9.04






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69 Thulium Tm 9.3370 Ytterbium Yb 6.9771 Lutetium Lu 9.8472 Hafnium Hf 13.28

73 Tantalum Ta 16.6774 Tungsten W 19.2575 Rhenium Re 21.0276 Osmium Os 22.58

77 Iridium Ir 22.5578 Platinum Pt 21.4479 Gold Au 19.2881 Thallium Tl 11.87

82 Lead Pb 11.3483 Bismuth Bi 9.8084 Polonium Po 9.290 Thorium Th 11.72

92 Uranium U 19.0594 Plutonium Pu 19.81






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Table 25. DENSITY OF IRON AND IRON ALLOYS (SHEET 1 OF 2)

Class Metal or Alloy

Density

g/cm3

Iron and Iron Alloys Pure iron 7.874Ingot iron 7.866

Wrought iron 7.7Gray cast iron 7.15

Malleable iron 7.270.06% C steel 7.8710.23% C steel 7.859

0.435% C steel 7.8441.22% C steel 7.830

Low-carbon chromium-molybdenum steels

0.5% Mo steel 7.861Cr-0.5Mo steel 7.86

1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel 7.862.25Cr-1.0Mo steel 7.86

5Cr-0.5Mo steel 7.787Cr-0.5Mo steel 7.789Cr-1Mo steel 7.67

Medium-carbon alloy steels 1Cr-0.35Mo-0.25V steel 7.86H11 die steel (5Cr-1.5Mo-0.4V) 7.79

Other Iron-base alloys A-286 7.9416-25-6 alloy 8.08

RA-330 8.03Incoloy 8.02

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASMInternational, Materials Park, OH, p152 (1993).


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Other Iron-base alloys (Cont) Incoloy T 7.98Incoloy 901 8.23T1 tool steel 8.67M2 tool steel 8.16

H41 tool steel 7.8820W-4Cr-2V-12Co steel 8.89

Invar (36% Ni) 8.00Hipernik (50% Ni) 8.25

4% Si 7.610.27%Si Si 6.97

Table 25. DENSITY OF IRON AND IRON ALLOYS (SHEET 2 OF 2)


Density

g/cm3

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASMInternational, Materials Park, OH, p152 (1993).


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Table 26. DENSITY OF WROUGHT STAINLESS STEELS* (SHEET 1 OF 2)

Type UNS Designation

Density

(Mg/m3)

201 S20100 7.8202 S20200 7.8205 S20500 7.8301 S30100 8.0

302 S30200 8.0302B S30215 8.0303 S30300 8.0304 S30400 8.0

304L S30403 8.0S30430 S30430 8.0304N S30451 8.0305 S30500 8.0

308 S30800 8.0309 S30900 8.0310 S31000 8.0314 S31400 7.8

316 S31600 8.0316L S31603 8.0316N S31651 8.0317 S31700 8.0

317L S31703 8.0321 S32100 8.0329 S32900 7.8330 N08330 8.0

347 S34700 8.0384 S38400 8.0405 S40500 7.8409 S40900 7.8

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASMInternational, Materials Park, OH, p360, (1993).


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* Annealed Condition.

410 S41000 7.8414 S41400 7.8416 S41600 7.8420 S42000 7.8

422 S42200 7.8429 S42900 7.8430 S43000 7.8

430F S43020 7.8

431 S43100 7.8434 S43400 7.8436 S43600 7.8

440A S44002 7.8

440C S44004 7.8444 S44400 7.8446 S44600 7.5

PH 138 Mo S13800 7.8

155 PH S15500 7.8174 PH S17400 7.8177 PH S17700 7.8

Table 26. DENSITY OF WROUGHT STAINLESS STEELS* (SHEET 2 OF 2)

Type UNS Designation

Density

(Mg/m3)

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASMInternational, Materials Park, OH, p360, (1993).


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Table 27. DENSITY OF STAINLESS STEELS AND HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS (SHEET 1 OF 3)


Density

g/cm3

Corrrosion-resistant steel castings CA-15 7.612CA-40 7.612CB-30 7.53CC-50 7.53

CE-30 7.67CF-8 7.75

CF-20 7.75CF-8M, CF-12M 7.75

CF-8C 7.75CF-16F 7.75CH-20 7.72CK-20 7.75

CN-7M 8.00

Heat resistant alloy castings HA 7.72HC 7.53HD 7.58HE 7.67

HF 7.75HH 7.72HI 7.72HK 7.75

HL 7.72HN 7.83HT 7.92HU 8.04

HW 8.14HX 8.14

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASMInternational, Materials Park, OH, p152-153 (1993).


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Wrought stainless and heat-resisting steels Type 301 7.9

Type 302 7.9Type 302B 8.0Type 303 7.9

Type 304 7.9Type 305 8.0Type 308 8.0Type 309 7.9




Type 430F 7.7Type 431 7.7

Types 440A, 440B, 440C 7.7Type 446 7.6

Type 501 7.7Type 502 7.819-9DL 7.97

precipitation-hardening stainless steels PH15-7 Mo 7.80417-4 PH 7.817-7 PH 7.81

Table 27. DENSITY OF STAINLESS STEELS AND HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS (SHEET 2 OF 3)


Density

g/cm3

Data from ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edition, Michael Bauccio, Ed., ASMInternational, Materials Park, OH, p152-153 (1993).


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Nickel-base alloys D-979 8.27Nimonic 80A 8.25Nimonic 90 8.27

M-252 8.27

Inconel 8.51Inconel "x" 550 8.30

Inconel 700 8.17Inconel "713C" 7.913

Waspaloy 8.23Ren 41 8.27

Hastelloy alloy B 9.24Hastelloy alloy C 8.94

Hastelloy alloy X 8.23Udimet 500 8.07GMR-235 8.03

Cobalt-chromium-nickel-base alloys N-155 (HS-95) 8.23S-590 8.36

Cobalt-base alloys S-816 8.68V-36 8.60

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