Material With Specific Magnetic Properties
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Transcript of Material With Specific Magnetic Properties
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Material with specific magnetic
propertiesL. A. Dabrozanski, M. Drak, B. Zebowicz
FIKI FIRDAUS
21050112410004
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PURPOSE
To characterize the properties and application possibilities of
modern, soft and hard magnetic materials.
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INTRODUCTION
A great deal of information of magnetic
material can be learnt by studying its
hysteresis loop which shows the relationshipbetween the induced magnetic flux density(B)
and the magnetizing force(H).
Itsoften referred to as the B-H loop
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http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htm
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Saturasi adalah magnetisasi bahan yang tidakmengalami perubahan, sekalipun medan aplikasidiperbesar
Remanensi(sisa) adalah magnetisasi sisa ketika medanaplikasi magnetik ditiadakan (H=0). Dalam rangkaianmagnetik, remanensi dapat diartikan sebagai induksimagnetik sisa dalam rangkaian magnetik walaupunaplikasi gaya magnetik dihilangkan
Coercivitas adalah ketahanan bahan magnetik untukmengubah magnetisasinya, atau besarnya kuat medanmagnetik yang diaplikasikan untuk mendemagnetisasi
(mengurangi magnetisasi bahan menjadi nol) yangdiukur dalam MegaGauss Oersted (MGO)
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Some well known materials that exhibit easily
detectable magnetic properties are iron, some steels,
and the mineral lodestone however, almost every material is influenced to one
degree or another by the presence of a magnetic
field, although in most cases the influence is too
small to detect it without special equipment
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Magnetic materials may be classified
according to some of their basic magnetic
properties: Remanence (Br), Coercive force(Hc), Curie temperature (Tc).
Based on the value of these features materials
can be divided into soft or hard magneticmaterials
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soft magnetic materials the value of coercive
force is very low (in the ideal material coercive
force is equal zero). That means materialpreviously strongly magnetized by extrinsic
magnetic field undergoes demagnetization
when the magnetic field is removed.
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The product of coercive force (Hc) and
remanence (Br) is called maximum energyproduct(BHmax). The higher value of maximum
energy product the stronger field can make
the permanent magnet.
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Evolution of Magnetic Material
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The first hard magnetic material was carbon steel which was latermodified; in 1885 in Australia a tungsten steel and in United Kingdom andUSA a chromium steel were developed.
In 1917 in Japan cobalt steel, called Hondassteel, was found.
In 1932 Y. Mishima in Japan has worked out a new alloy AlNiCo with iron,nickel and aluminum.
In the fifties of the last century it was also found that oxides with generalformula MOFe12O18called ferrites have magnetic properties.
Intermetallic phases of rare earth metals with 3d-metals have been foundout recently, in the seventies of the last century.
First materials based on Sm-Co were phases SmCo5 and Sm2Co17. Thesematerials have excellent magnetic properties but their price is highbecause of the presence of samarium and cobalt.
1984, the hard magnetic material based on Nd2Fe14B phasesimultaneously by Sumitomo Special Metals in Japan and General Motorsin USA.
Currently the investigations are being made on new hard magneticmaterials like: tetragonal RE2Fe14C phase (where RE rare earth metal),isomorphic RE2Fe14B phase and hexagonal or rhombohedral RE2Fe17Cxand RE2Fe17Nx phases.
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In the early 1900s the first major improvement in soft magnetic materials took place when R.
Hadfield introduced steels with silicon which gave higher permeabilities and appereciably less
loss than earlier developed steels.
In 1914 Permalloy was discovered (alloy with about 20% Fe and 80% Ni content) by Gustav
Elmen of Bell Laboratories, who found out it has higher permeability than silicon steel. In
1923, he discovered that its permeability could be greatly enhanced by heat treatment.
At the end of the forties of XX century in the laboratories of the Dutch Philips firm were
made soft ferrites (compound of iron oxide and oxides of others metals: zinc,manganese)
which have low cost.
The next step in the development of soft magnetic materials was the beginning of the
commercial scale production of the amorphous alloys (metallic glasses) in the seventies of XX
century by the Allied Chemical concern in USA. These alloys called Metglass are
manufactured as thin tapes. The main components of these materials are iron and cobalt.
In 1988 Y. Yoshizawa and coworkers from Hitachi have published surprising examination
results, which state that generation of about 70% of crystalline phase in the originally
amorphous alloy rich in Fe, leads to obtain material with specific magnetic properties with
improved properties in comparison with amorphous precursors. Obtained this way materials
are called nanocrystalline ferromagnetics and are the newest generation of soft magneticmaterials.
The best known commercial nanocrystalline ferromagnetics are FINEMET, HITPERM,
NANOPERM
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HARD MAGNETIC
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)
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SOFT MAGNETIC
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CONCLUSION
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http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.html
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REFERENCES
C. Kuhrt, Processing of permament magnet materials based on rare earth transition metal
intermetallics, Intermetallics, 3 (1995) 255-263.
Dobrzaski, L. A, Drak. M, Zibowicz. B, Materials with specific magnetic properties, 9
(2006)
http://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.html http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.html
http://www.ndt-
ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htm
http://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htmhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.htmlhttp://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.html -
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