Material Streams

Research on

MaterialStreams

Work By:Caitlin Andonian

Lorenzo BuffaJoon Gi Shin

Mark ScafiniAnushi PatelWillam SchaecherDaeun Song

MaterialStream

What is a material stream?

MaterialStream


What materials fall into the stream?

MaterialStream

Do these systems overlap?

What materials fall into the stream?


MaterialStream

Virgin Inputs

MaterialStream

Virgin Inputs Raw Material Acquisition

E CO2

MaterialStream

Virgin Inputs Raw Material Acquisition Manufacturing

E CO2 E CO

2

MaterialStream

Virgin Inputs Raw Material Acquisition Manufacturing Consumption

E CO2 E CO

2

MaterialStream


E CO2 E CO

2

Consumption

Recycling

Down cycling

Upcycling

E CO2


E CO2 E CO

2

MaterialStream


E CO2 E CO

2

Consumption

Recycling

Down cycling

Upcycling

E CO2


E CO2 E CO

2

Waste Management

E CO2

MaterialStream


E CO2 E CO

2

Consumption

Recycling

Down cycling

Upcycling

E CO2


E CO2 E CO

2

Waste Management

E CO2

Combustion

Composting

Landfill

E CO2

CH4

Storage + Sealing

MaterialStreamLandfills

-243 million tons

-1/3 recovered

-17% of U.S. methane emissions

Materials in landfills

MaterialStreamLandfills

Space+

Weight+

Energy

Saving

MaterialStreamCombustion

-90% volume reduction

-75% weight reduction

-Ash used in top soil at landfills

1 Ton of Waste

.67 MWhof electric

2 MWhof heat

Waste Conversion Rate

MaterialStreamCombustion

MaterialStreamComposting

Organic Matter

Fertilizer

MaterialStreamComposting

Compostable Materials in Landfills

-1/4 of landfills are compostable

-Most eco-friendly

-DIY

MaterialStreamCardboard

Raw Material•Use almost all part of wood

(body to trunk)

Manufacturing Material•Grinding, heating, and pulping•Corrugating (corn starch glue)•Recycle scraps

Manufacturing Product•Design•Packing•Furniture

Customer•DIY•Trash•Reuse Package

Waste management•Sorting paper for recycling•Laminated paper : combustion, landfill•Compression : reduce transportation fee

90%•Recycle up to 90% of paper

Package = Product•Reduce energy•Extend life of paper•Prevent over packaging

MaterialStreamCeramic

- Products are produced via molding methods, hand work, compression and coating.- Common products include plumbing/sinks, tiles, pottery, and coating on things that endure high heat.

- Ceramic cannot be recycled.

- It is often downcycled into a lightweight aggregate, which is used in multiple grades of cement.

MaterialStreamGlass

- Glass is then broken and heated before being processed into products. Processes include blowing, pouring, float glass, etc. - Products include windows, bottles and housewares, etc.

- Glass can be infinitely recycled without losing strength, purity or quality.- Medical waste must be handled under OSHA and is not permitted in the landfill. - Glass can also be used in aggregate.

- Glass recycling and reusing can work on many scales, from industrial to residential. Finding useful ways to reuse products of a lasting material may be a useful tool for a community.- The EPA suggests donating glass to artisans first.

MaterialStreamGypsum

Raw State

•Gypsum occurs in nature as flattened crystals - water soluble•One of the most common forms of raw gypsum is a pure

white crystal called alabaster

Synthetic

•Produced from flue-gas-desufurization at coal-powererd powerplants

•Is seen as a ‘green’ product due to the fact that it converts sufur dioxide into a product that stays out of the landfill

Processing

•Gypsum is ground into fine powder, boiled to remove moisture, and dried for future use•“Theonlynaturalsubstancethatcanberestoredtoitsoriginalrock-likestatebythead-

ditionofwateralone.”•Paper pulp and starch may be added to gypsum to

aid the paper in adhering to the core

Applications

•Drywall •Fertilizer •Soil conditioner •Plaster of Paris •Cement additive•Mold for metal casting

Companies

USG Corporation

•Largest US manufacturer of wallboard•Has strict standards on safety and purity

when recycling•Does not accept demolition drywall•“..Is currently in the process of developing

a national gypsum recycling program”

Gypsum Recycling USA

•Provides service all throughout New England •Recycles gypsum drywall for the manufacture of

new drywall•Has the machinery to refine demolition drywall

USA Gypsum Reinholds, PA•Makes compost additive/ animal bedding•Does not accept demolition drywall

Downcycling

Gypsum and paper are separated and used for agricultural products

Uses•Compost Additive•Mulch •Animal Bedding

Recycling

Gypsum powder is ground down and resused for construction materials: “Closed Loop Recycling”

Uses•New Drywall•Cement •Ceiling Tiles

Landfills

•Wallboard is generally landfillled if it comes from an older home where lead paint or asbestos compound may have been used.

•Gypsum panels must be sent to a Type 2 landfill, where waste is separated into different regions.

Combustion

•Hydrogen sulfate gas is harmful and can corrode metal. These gases would ruin any machinery used in the combustion process.

Composting

•Large quantities of gypsum mixed with organic material can lead to water contamination.

MaterialStreamPlastics

Raw ingredients / Oil to plastic

About 10% of U.S. oil consumption is used to make plastics.

Only 5% of plastics are recycled.

Transportation

Sorting

Grinding

Drying and Pelletizing

Fabrication

New Products

Trash Furniture

It is composed of 100% recycled plastic.

MaterialStreamPallets

Pallets are a by-product and waste product. They exist to serve manufacturer and consumer demands alike.

Wooden pallets are the most commonly used pallets in world.

It is estimated that 90% of all pallets are made of wood.

Because wood is a natural resource, and wood pallets have a short lifespan, they use a lot more raw material.

Manufacturers Benefit•cost efficient•simple•standardized•serves as structural foundation for product or delivery of goods

Greensgrow Benefit•free material•extending a waste products lifecycle •standardized•serves as a structural foundation for learning and resale

Using pallets as the structural foundation, can we build a stucture for Greensgrow? Can this be something that enhances the experience for the Greensgrow community?

MaterialStreamComparing

Cardboard

CardboardGlass

CardboardGlass

Ceramics

CardboardGlass

GypsumCeramics

CardboardGlass

GypsumPlastics

Ceramics

CardboardGlass

GypsumPlasticsPallets

Ceramics

Raw Material

Raw Material

E CO2

Energy consumption

Design andManufacturing

Raw Material

E CO2

Energy consumption


Waste Management

Raw Material

E CO2

Energy consumption


Waste Management

UserParticipation

Raw Material

E CO2

Energy consumption


Waste Management

UserParticipation

CompostingCombustionLandfills

Raw Material

E CO2

Energy consumption

Material Streams

Documents

Transcript of Material Streams