PRESENTED BY:

Sulakshya Gaur (121684)

Aayush Mittal (121685)PRESENTED TO:

Mr. LAV SINGH

Belts Conveyor

Forklifts

Mobile Cranes

Tower Cranes

Hoists

› The belt conveyor is an endless belt moving over two end pulleys at fixed positions and used for transporting material horizontally or at an incline up or down.

Belt: It forms the moving and supporting

surface on which the conveyed material

rides. It is the tractive element.

Idlers: It form the supports for the carrying

and return stands of the belt.

Pulleys: It support and move the belt and

controls its tension.

Drive: imparts power to one or more

pulleys to move the belt and its loads.

•Portable conveyors are used primarily for applications involving mobility and space is a high priority.

•Portable conveyors are very versatile.

•Loads of up to 1000lbs (depends on the angle)

•Can fold up 5-10ft and extend up to 17ft.

•These are more common for small scale production, where use is temporary.

› Roller conveyor consisting of fixed-location

rollers over which materials are moved by

gravity or propulsion .

› Can safely go up to 60 fpm (depending on

size of material)

› Up to 25,000 lbs (for most depends on

support and material used)

› No real restrictions on volume of objects

used on conveyor.

› Inexpensive, simple to use and can vary

depending on the needs of the business.

› A wider range of material can be handled which pause problems in other transportation means.

› Higher capacity can be handled than any other form of conveyor at a considerably lower cost per tonne kilometre.

› Longer distances can be covered more economically than any other transportation system. A single belt conveyor or a series of belt conveyors can do this.

› A forklift truck (also called a lift truck, a fork truck, or a forklift) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and move materials short distances.

› The forklift was developed in the early 20th century by various companies including the transmission manufacturing company Clark and the hoist company Yale & Towne Manufacturing.

› From then forklifts have become an indispensable piece of equipment in manufacturing and warehousing operations.

› Forklifts are rated for loads at a specified maximum weight.

› This information is located on a nameplate provided by the manufacturer, and loads must not exceed these specifications.

› A lift truck can weigh two to three times as much as the lifted capacity.

› A lift truck usually weighs twice its capacity.

2:1 ratioComponent Estimated lbs

Truck Weight 8,000 lbs

Capacity 4,000 lbs

Operator 175 lbs

Total 12,175 lbs

The black spot in the triangle below represents the Center of Gravity.

The Center of Gravity (CG) shifts according to the movements of the truck.

If the CG moves outside the triangle the truck will overturn.

Figure 1 shows the CG shift when the truck is loaded and braking.

Figure 2 shows the CG shift when the truck is uneven or turning with excessive speed.

Construction cranes are generally classified as:

› Mobile Cranes

› Tower Cranes

The full revolving superstructure of this unit is mounted on a pair of continuous , parallel crawler trucks.

Machines of 100- ton capacity and above are built for lift capability and do not have heavier components required for duty cycle work.

Crawler cranes range in lifting capacity from about 40 to 3,500 short tons (35.7 to 3,125.0 long tons; 36.3 to 3,175.1ton).

Crawler cranes have both advantages and disadvantages

depending on their use. Their main advantage is that they can move

around on site and perform each lift with little set-up, since the crane

is stable on its tracks with no outriggers.

In addition, a crawler crane is capable of traveling with a load.

The main disadvantage is that they are very heavy, and cannot

easily be moved from one job site to another without significant

expense.

Typically a large crawler must be disassembled and moved by trucks,

rail cars or ships to its next location.

The soil failure under these machines is the also a problem when they

are operating on soils of low bearing capacity

A crane mounted on an undercarriage with four rubber tires that is

designed for pick-and-carry operations and for off-road and

"rough terrain" applications. Outriggers are used to level and

stabilize the crane for hoisting.

These telescopic cranes are single-engine machines, with the

same engine powering the undercarriage and the crane, similar to

a crawler crane. In a rough terrain crane, the engine is usually

mounted in the undercarriage rather than in the upper, as with

crawler crane. Most have 4 wheel drive and 4 wheel steering

which allows them to traverse tighter and slicker terrain than a

standard truck crane with less site prep.

These cranes have a high ground clearance and ability to move

up on slopes of upto 50% to 70%.

They are sometimes also reffered as “Cherry Pickers”.

The most common models are are in the range of 18 to 50 ton.

Typically they are used as utility machines.

They are primarily lift machines but are capable of light intermittent

duty cycle work.

A crane mounted on a truck carrier provides the mobility for this type

of crane. This crane has two parts: the carrier, often referred to as the

Lower, and the lifting component which includes the boom, referred

to as the Upper.

These are mated together through a turntable, allowing the upper to

swing from side to side.

The upper is usually powered via hydraulics run through the turntable

from the pump mounted on the lower.

Generally, these cranes are able to travel on highways, eliminating the

need for special equipment to transport the crane unless weight or other

size constrictions are in place such as local laws.

Many truck cranes have slow-travelling capability while suspending a

load. Great care must be taken not to swing the load sideways from the

direction of travel.

Truck-mounted crane building a bridge

mobile crane with the necessary equipment to travel at speed on

public roads, and on rough terrain at the job site using all-wheel and

crab steering. AT‘s combine the roadability of Truck-mounted Cranes

and the manoeuvrability of Rough Terrain Cranes

• The cranes are typically attached to the existing roof

structure – columns to support the crane runway are not

needed

• Overhead crane is used in the steel industry

• These can be built using typical steel beams or a more

complex box girder type.

Capacity up to 10-50 ton

Span up to 60 ft.

Bridge-travel speed to 160 fpm

Trolley-travel speed to 100 fpm

Hoist speed to 41 fpm

Floating cranes are used mainly in bridge building

and port construction, but they are also used for occasional loading

and unloading of especially heavy or awkward loads on and off ships

Crane vessels are often used in offshore construction

Floating cranes have also been used to salvage sunken ships.

Some floating cranes are mounted on a pontoon, others are

specialized crane barges with a lifting capacity exceeding 9,072 tons

and have been used to transport entire bridge sections

The largest revolving cranes can be found on SSCV Thialf, which has

two cranes with a capacity of 7,100 tonnes each.

Fixed to the ground on a concrete slab (and sometimes attached to

the sides of structures as well).

Tower cranes often give the best combination of height and lifting

capacity and are used in the construction of tall buildings.

Provide high lifting height & good working radius.

Takes up limited area.

1) Top Slewing Tower Crane(Fixed Tower)

2) Bottom Slewing Tower Crane(Slewing Tower)

Have fixed towers.

Swing circle mounted at the top.

Allows only jib , tower top, operator cabin to rotate.

Setting up and dismantling top slewing crane require more time & is

complicated as compared to bottom slewing.

Specifications:

Max capacity:3 ton

Maximum Radius:150.9 ft

Maximum Tip Capacity:1.1 ton

Hook height per base: 127.6 ft

Courtesy Manitowoc cranes ltd

Jib length: 100-200ft

Section length:10-20 ft

Base dimensions: 13 by 13 to 20 by 20ft

Tower cross sections:4 by 4 to 8 by 8 ft

Maximum lifting capacity at the end of jib:2000-10000 lb

Hoisting and trolleying speed:80ft/min

Have swing circle located at the

base.

Both tower and jib assembly

rotate relative to the base.

Erect themselves using their own

motors hence also called “self-

erecting” or “fast-erecting”

cranes.

Low lifting capacity

Limited mobility as compared to mobile cranes.