Materi 3.
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Transcript of Materi 3.
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Materi 3.
PRE-TANNINGTANNING
FINISHING
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1. PRE-TANNING• = pengerjaan basah• Kegiatan sebelum penyamakan.• 7an : mengawetkan kulit mentah agar tahan
sampai proses sebelum penyamakan.
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Meliputi :1. Perendaman (soaking)2. Pengapuran (liming)3. Pembelahan (splitting)4. Buang Kapur (deliming)5. Pengikisan protein (bating) dan
pengasaman (pickling).
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1. Perendaman (soaking)• 7an =
a. mngubah kondisi kulit kering spy lunak & lemas mendekati sifat kulit segar.b. mbersihkan dari darah, feses, tanah, kotoran
lain yg tdk hilang selama pengawetanc. mbuka tenunan kulit.d. membuang garam.
• Cara = kulit direndam dalam air + antiseptik/bactericide + NaOH 0,5% (spy pH=9). Kulit besar & kering ±18 – 24 jam.
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2. Pengapuran (liming)• 7an = mnghilangkan
bulu, epidermis, kelj. Keringat & lemak, mpermudah pelepasan subcutis, mbengkakkan sisa daging yang menempel.
• Cara = air + kapur tohor (Ca(OH)2) + Natrium Sulfida (Na2S) --- aduk rata (15 menit) --- rendam kulit (aduk setiap 1-5 jam) --- selama 18 jam.
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3. Pembelahan (splitting)• 7an = u mbagi/mbelah kulit yg berukuran besar
mjd ukuran lebih kecil.• Proses pemotongan kulit (Rounding) ---
dilanjutkan proses perapihan (Trimming).
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4. Buang Kapur (deliming)
• 7an = mnghilangkn kapur (yg bersifat basa) dlm kulit, krn dlm proses penyamakan butuh suasana asam.
• Cara = cuci dg air mengalir.• Lebih sempurna = + 0,75% ammonium
sulfat + air dlm bak --- aduk rata --- msukn kulit --- aduk 15 menit --- + (air+as. Sulfat (1:10)) --- aduk 45 menit.
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5. Pengikisan (bating) & pengasaman (pickling)• 7an = mnghilangkn zat2
non-kolagen• Bating = mngg. ZA
(amonium sulfat), teepol, oropon.
• Pickling = mbuat kulit bersifat asam (pH=3 – 3,5) shg kulit tdk bengkak jika bereaksi dg bhn. penyamak. Mngg. NaCl, HCOOH, H2SO4.
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2. TANNING.• 7an = mngubah sifat kulit mentah (mudah rusak,
o/ aktivitas mo, khemis,phisis) mjd kulit yg lebih tahan.
• Bahan = RC (Reduced-Chrome), tannin.• Eniza (2004) = penyamakan kulit
(garam+belerang) & penyamakan pasta.• Usmiati dkk (2005) = penyamakan krom dan
penyamakan alum. • Sunarto (1997) = pnyamakn nabati, p. krom, p.
kombinasi, p. sintetis
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Tanning Drum
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3. FINISHING1. Pengetaman (shaving)--- spy ketebalan
kulit sama kmd diperam 1 mlm.2. Pemucatan (bleaching) --- mghil. Flek
besi, menurunkan pH spy mnguatkan ikatan antara bhn. penyamak & kulit
3. Penetralan (neutralizing).--- bagi kulit samak krom krn kadar asam tinggi shg tdk mengganggu proses selanjutnya.Mengg. Natrium Bikarbonat (NaHCO3).
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4. Penyamakan ulang (retanning) --- mngg. Kromosal-B.
5. Pengecatan dasar--- biasanya bersamaan dg proses peminyakan.
6. Peminyakan (oiling / fat liquoring) --- spy bhn. Penyamak tdk keluar kepermukaan sblm kering. Pakai minyak sulfonat atau kuning telur.
7. + anti jamur dan Fiksasi (dg HCOOH) spy minyak tdk luntur.
8. Pengeringan --- mnghentikan proses kimiawi.
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peminyakan
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jemur
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