MAT Chapter 1
-
Upload
if-engineer-2 -
Category
Education
-
view
594 -
download
0
description
Transcript of MAT Chapter 1
![Page 1: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter: 1MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS
MUTIMEDIA APPLAICATION
![Page 2: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Multimedia
• Derived from the word “Multi” and “Media”Multi• Many, Multiple Media• Medium• Multiple means by which information is stored,
transmitted, presented or perceived.• E.g. text, photographs, maps, sound, video etc.
![Page 3: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Definition of multimedia• Multimedia is a combination information in
the form of text, graphic, sound, animation, and video that is delivered interactively to the user by electronic means.
TEXT
AUDIO
GRAPHIC
VIDEO
ANIMATION
Color
Charts
Voice
Sound Effect Music
Maps
Photographs
Type faces
Motion Pictures
Animation
![Page 4: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Goals & Objectives
• Re-engineering of existing application.• Interactive tools• Open solutions (portable).• Bidirectional communication.• To produce cost effective solutions.• More work in less time.• Centralized information.
![Page 5: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
•TEXT Example
![Page 6: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
•GRAPHICS Example
![Page 7: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
•AUDIO Example
![Page 8: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
•ANIMATION example
![Page 9: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Multimedia System
• System capable of processing multimedia data and applications.
• Characteristics:– Must be computer controlled.– Integrated components.– Information must be represented digitally.
• Components:– Computer system, commn. n/w, display devices,
capture devices, storage devices.
![Page 10: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Limitation of Traditional Input Device• Keyboard most common input device
– evolution simple , numeric alphanumeric and multifunction
• GUI pointing device mouse or pen– essential for selecting and moving graphical objects.
• Traditional multimedia variety of other types of input.• Only Text initially no measure of quality normal dot
matrix printer • high quality of text, text color, text attributes advanced
printer like laser printer.• Data inputs like audio or voice, full motion video, still
photos and images etc require special device like digital pens ,video cameras , image scanners
![Page 11: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Digital v/s Analog
• Need to convert analog to digital.– E.g. scanning image
• For full-motion video and audio, most i/p devices produce analog while computer can process only digital. (e.g. microphone)
• Coding & Decoding process.• Hardware devices and software programs that
perform this function are called codecs.– It includes compression and decompression algos.
![Page 12: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pen Input• An input device that allows the user to point, write, draw
and gesture.• Gesture allows user to select and act upon the object.• Features:
– Natural device for unskilled or partly skilled person.– Can be used as a pointing device.– Small in size– Can be used for palmtop computers (PDAs), notebooks etc.– Allows adding annotations to forms and documents.
![Page 13: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The digital pen captures and stores writing.The writing is sent via USB or Bluetooth
Digital Pen
![Page 14: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Light Pen Structure
![Page 15: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Light Pen
• Light pen input device used with CRT display to point at items on the screen or to draw new items or modify existing ones.
• The light pen had a photo sensor at the tip.• Photo sensor o/p amplified shaped fed to
flip flop whose status is (set)• Whenever status flip flop is !comp is
interrupted and reads coordinates of points where light is touched on screen
![Page 16: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Uses of light pen
• Can use instead of keyboard to request further info
• Provide quick response to operator inquiry
• Used as input device in CAD application
• Write and sketch on the screen of CRT
![Page 17: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Image Scanner
• Types of scanner:– Flatbed Scanner– Sheet fed Scanner– Drum Scanner– Hand held Scanner
![Page 18: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Flatbed Scanner
![Page 19: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sheet fed Scanner
![Page 20: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Hand held Scanner
![Page 21: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Working of Scanner
![Page 22: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
• Protocol that enables computer, synthesizers, keyboards and other musical device to communicate with each other.
• Has been widely accepted and utilized by musicians and composers.
• 16 channels of information, each of which can be routed to a separate device.
• MIDI messages are unidirectional.• An extra sound cable is necessary for 2-way
communication.• No error detection capability.• Max cable limit is 15 meter
![Page 23: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• MIDI connector• MIDI ports
– IN– OUT– THRU (allows data to be forwarded to another instrument)
• Multiply devices can be connected in a daisy chain maner
![Page 24: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• MIDI components:– Channel– Voice– Sequencer (storage server / s/w music editor)– Synthesizer– Track– Pitch
• MIDI Message
Status byte Data byte
Data byte 1 Data byte 2
Channel number and Function to be performed
Additional parameter
Additional parameter
![Page 25: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Classification of MIDI messages
MIDI messages
Channel messages
Voice messages
Mode messages
System messages
Common messages
Rea-time messages
Exclusive messages
![Page 26: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Channel Messages:– Applied to specific channel– Channel number is included in the status byte for these messages– Classified into:
• Voice Messages:– Carry musical performance data– Instruct the receiving instrument to assign particular sounds to its voice
• Mode Messages:– Affects the way the receiving instrument responds to incoming channel voice
messages
• System Messages:– Not channel specific, affect the system as a whole, e.g. timing signal for
synchronization.– No channel number is specified in their status byte– Classified into:
• Common Messages:– Intended for all receivers in the system
• Real-Time Messages:– related to synchronization– To synchronize all of the MIDI clock-based equipments within a system, like
Sequencer.• Exclusive Messages:
– Related to things that cannot be standardized, like patch parameters or sample data
![Page 27: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Video Display Technology• Display Terminologies:
– Triad– Pixel– Drift (image moves up in a very slow motion)– Jitter (image jumps at high rate)– Swim (a sort of shadow image move from top to
bottom)– Convergence– pincushioning
![Page 28: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Block diagram of a CRT monitor
![Page 29: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Monochrome CRT
![Page 30: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Construction of LCD
![Page 31: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Working of LCD
![Page 32: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Printers• Types of printers:– Dot Matrix– Ink Jet– Laser
![Page 33: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ink Jet Printer
![Page 34: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Laser Printer
![Page 35: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Multimedia Elements
1. Facsimile • first practical means of transmitting document images
over a telephone line.• The basic technology, now widely used, has evolved to
allow higher scanning density for better-quality fax.• standardized at a very early stage to CCITl Group 3
compression standards (RLL). • Typical pixel densities used for facsimile are in
the 100 to 200 dpi (pixels/inch) range.
![Page 36: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Document images • used for storing business documents that must be
retained for long periods of time or may need to be accessed by a large number of people.
• Removes the need for making several copies of the
original for storage or distribution.• Usually 300 dpi• For gray scale or color, the sizes are larger to
accommodate the color information.– Normally 400 dpi
![Page 37: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Geographic information system maps (GIS) • being used widely for natural resource and
wildlifemanagement.
• Two kinds of technologies are used for storage and display of geographic maps.
• Raster storage allows a map to be displayed on agraphical display system just like any other GUIapplication
![Page 38: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• applications consist of road maps and area maps (used to track natural resources).
• Attribute data is assigned and identified, usually by map
coordinates.
• Another application combines raster images that have thebasic color map and a vector overlay showing the railroads or highways and other human-made structures, and textdisplay showing attributes of features in the map.
![Page 39: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
• Full-motion Stored and Live Video• Holographic Images• Audio messages• Video messages
![Page 40: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Holographic image
![Page 41: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Multimedia Applications
• Document Image• Image Processing and Image Recognition
– Image recognition– Image enhancement– Image reconstruction– Image animation– Image annotation
• Optical Character Recognition (OCR)• Handwriting Recognition• Full Motion Digital video applications• Electronic Messaging
![Page 42: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Multimedia Systems Architecture
APPLICATIONS
Graphical User Multimedia Interface Extensions
O.S. Software MultimediaDrivers Driver Support
System hardware Add-on multimedia(Multimedia-enabled) devices and peripherals
![Page 43: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Fig: Multilevel architecture based on interface bus
Application Application
Application compatibility
Layer
SystemsCompatibility
Layer
Hardwarelayer
Application compatibility
Layer
SystemsCompatibility
Layer
Hardwarelayer
Network File Server
Analogdevices
Analogdevices
Multimedia Interface bus
Object file serverWAN
CD-ROM
LAN
Jukebox
![Page 44: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Multimedia Data Interface Standards• Earliest and simplest formats used were:
– Intel’s DVI (Digital Video Interface)– Apple’s Quicktime– Microsoft’s AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
• Intel’s DVI– Processor-independent specification for video interface
• Apple’s Quicktime– Designed by Apple computers, to support multimedia applications– Capable of handling various formats of digital videos, pictures,
sounds, panoramic images.– Video file formats
• QuickTime movie (mov), MPEG-2,4 , AVI, 3GPP
– Audio file formats• iTunes audio, MP3, WAV, AMR.
![Page 45: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• Microsoft AVI:– Offers low-cost, low-resolution video processing– Suitable for average desktop users
![Page 46: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Storage Media• Primary Storage Media:
– Temporary storage– Types: RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM
• Random Access Memory:– Temporary storage– Programs can be loaded from outside and executed.– Larger the RAM better the performance.– Volatile memory.– Stores data and instructions that are frequently used by the
CPU.– Instructions in RAM constantly changes, depending on the
need of the CPU.– Types:
• DRAM and SRAM.
![Page 47: MAT Chapter 1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052316/559355d21a28ab4c5c8b4593/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• ROM– Contains inst. Which are activated each time the computer is turned
on.– ROM inst. Performs POST check.– Instruction can not usually be changed.– Instructions are built into the electronic circuits of the chips.– non-volatile.– Access to info is random.
• Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)– Not economically feasible.– Are blank ROM that can be programmed using special programming
apparatus.– Suitable for development work.– Not programmed during manufacturing but are custom programmed
by the user– One time programmable– More flexible and convenient than ROM.