Mastery Practice Roots, Cubes and Cube Roots Objective ...€¦ · Answers 1 Chapter 1 Squares,...
Transcript of Mastery Practice Roots, Cubes and Cube Roots Objective ...€¦ · Answers 1 Chapter 1 Squares,...
Answers 1
Chapter 1 Squares, Square Roots, Cubes and Cube Roots
Test Yourself 1.1
1 1. (a) (–9)2 (b) (3 —)2 (c) 5.62
4 2. (a) 6 × 6
(b) –14 × (–14)(c) 3.2 × 3.2 (d) –10.5 × (–10.5)
(e) 49
× 49
(f) –1 37
×(–1 37
)
3. (a) 64 (b) 441 (c) 0.49 4 25(d) 0.1156 (e) — (f) — 9 64
16 121 484 4. (a) — (b) —— (c) —— 9 16 25
5. (a) 400 (b) 90000 (c) 2500
6. (a) Between 900 and 1600(b) Between 49 and 64(c) Between 16 and 25
7. (a) 36, 49, 64, 81(b) 441, 484, 529, 576, 625,
676, 729, 784
8. (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes(d) No (e) No (f) Yes
9. 1296 cm2
10. 324 tiles
11. 176 cm2
Test Yourself 1.2 2 1. (a) 7 (b) 0.8 (c) — 3 2. (a) 9 (b) 30 (c) 17 3 6 2 3. (a) — (b) — (c) — 7 11 3
4 4 13(d) — (e) — (f) — 5 3 8
4. (a) 0.5 (b) 2.5 (c) 0.07
5. (a) 7 (b) 0.4 8 7(c) — (d) — 9 10
6. (a) 21 (b) 65
7. (a) 6 (b) 10
8. (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 9
9. (a) Between 6 and 7
(b) Between 10 and 11(c) Between 12 and 13
10. 100 cm
11. 168 cm2
12. (a) 91.16 (b) 0.9116(c) 288.3
Test Yourself 1.3
1. (a) 73 (b) (–0.6)3
1 (c) (–1 — )3
2
2. (a) 12 × 12 × 12 7 7 7(b) — × — × — 10 10 10(c) – 4.5 × (– 4.5) × (– 4.5)
3. (a) 216 (b) 21952(c) 0.064 (d) –3.375 8 125(e) —— (f) – —— 343 64
4. (a) 27 (b) 125000000(c) 0.512
5. (a) Between 8000 and 27000(b) Between 64000000 and
125000000(c) Between 216 and 343
6. 1728 cm3
7. 994 cm3
Test Yourself 1.4 1 1. (a) 5 (b) 1.7 (c) – — 3
2. (a) 1 (b) –3 (c) –10
1 2 3 3. (a) — (b) – — (c) — 2 3 2
4. (a) – 0.5 (b) 1.1 (c) 40
5. (a) 2 (b) 6 (c) –10
6. (a) Between 4 and 5(b) Between 0.2 and 0.3(c) Between 7 and 8
7. 168 cm
8. 6.30 cm
9. (a) 54 (b) 3 (c) – 0.8 1(d) –27 (e) 45 (f) — 2(g) 0.054
Mastery Practice
Objective Questions
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B
6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. D
11. C 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. D
Subjective Questions
1. 79.25 2. 5.45
3. 48.36 4. 0.8
5. 41.91 6. 71.79 4 7. 1 — 7 8. (a) 0.2 (b) –8 2 9. (a) 1 — (b) 3 3 10. (a) –0.6 (b) 48
Chapter 2 Rational and Irrational Numbers
Test Yourself 2.1
1. (a) 27125
(b) – 421100
(c) 517
(d) – 133
2. (a) 561
(b) – 301
(c) 2361
(d) – 4311
3. (a) 0.3 (b) 0.42857(c) 0.6667 (d) 0.8
4. (a) 0.–6 (b) 0..2
(c) 0.–2 3 (d) 0.–5 71–4 28 7 4 5. (a) — (b) — 9 11 7 13 (c) — (d) — 27 27
Test Yourself 2.2
2. (a) Yes (b) No(c) No (d) No
3. (a) Yes (b) No(c) Yes (d) No
Test Yourself 2.3
1. (a) 53 (b) 35(c) 9 (d) 6
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2 Mathematics Mathayom 2
2. (a) 511 (b) 93(c) 413 (d) 108
311 713 3. (a) ——– (b) ——— 11 13
58(c) 36 (d) —— 2
5 – 3 4. (a) ———— 2 3(8 – 6) (b) ————— 2 5(9 + 5)(c) ————— 4
(d) 3(13 + 11)
Mastery Practice
Objective Questions
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. A
Subjective Questions
1. Rational 2. Irrational 3. 312 4. 83 5. 72 6. 43 7. 9 8. 4
9. 12 10. 11
11. 167 12. 417 13. 43 14. 26 413 711 15. ——– 16. ——– 13 11 –87 17. —— 18. –33 7 8 + 3 3(11 + 7) 19. ———— 20. —————– 5 4
21. 2(14 – 7) 22. 5(8 + 5)
Chapter 3 Length and Area
Test Yourself 3.1
1. (a) 2.4 cm, 1516
inch
(b) 4.2 cm, 1 1116
inch
2. (a) 2800 m (b) 237 mm
(c) 3467000 cm (d) 39880 mm(e) 40 cm (f) 45.7 m(g) 9.8255 km (h) 20.084 m
3. (a) 734 cm (b) 3345 m(c) 125 mm (d) 16.09 m(e) 28.8 cm (f) 36.005 km
4. (a) 7 cm 6 mm (b) 93 km 450 m(c) 37 m 90 cm (d) 7 km 58 m(e) 520 cm 6 mm (f) 7 km 83 m
5. (a) 438 mm (b) 9885 m
(c) 21 km 3 m (d) 10 m 56 cm(e) 6.69 m (f) 21 cm 9 mm
6. (a) 34.68 m (b) 44 cm 8 mm(c) 40.115 km (d) 17.0155 km(e) 1 m 64 cm (f) 2.6 cm
7. (a) 198 Baht (b) 4.3 m
8. 40 cm
9. 25 km 850 m
Test Yourself 3.2
1. (a) 15 cm2 (b) 14 cm2
2. (a) 40 cm2 (b) 18 cm2
(c) 40 cm2 (d) 13.2 cm2
3. (a) 39 cm2 (b) 32 cm2
(c) 68 cm2 (d) 40 cm2
4. 6.25 cm
5. 24 cm2
Test Yourself 3.3
1. (a) RS, PQ (b) GH, EF(c) QR, PQ (d) NP, KL
2. (a) 15 cm2 (b) 14 cm2
3. (a) 12 cm2 (b) 60 cm2
(c) 112 cm2 (d) 24 cm2
(e) 140 cm2 (f) 42 cm2
4. (a) 34 cm2 (b) 22 cm2
(c) 56 cm2 (d) 47.5 cm2
5. (a) 16 cm2 (b) 64 cm2
(c) 48 cm2 (d) 44 cm2
6. 18 cm
7. 16 cm
8. 24 cm2
9. 10800 Baht
Mastery Practice
Objective Questions
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. D
Subjective Questions
1. 33 cm 2. 183 cm
3. 75 cm2 4. 80 cm2
5. 15 cm2 6. 36 cm2
7. 30% 8. 54 cm2
9. 93 cm2 10. 80 cm2
11. 27 cm2 12. 54 cm2
13. 40 cm2 14. 7 cm
15. 36 cm2 16. 7 cm
17. 432 m2
Chapter 4 Ratio, Proportion and Percentage
Test Yourself 4.1
1. (a) (i) 53 : 350 (ii) 53—350
(b) (i) 4 : 5 (ii) 4—5
(c) (i) 1 : 14 (ii) 1—14
(d) (i) 600 : 913 (ii) 600—913
2. (a) Yes (b) No(c) Yes (d) Yes
3. (a) 4 : 9 (b) 12 : 7(c) 4 : 5 (d) 35 : 16(e) 7 : 132 (f) 80 : 27
4. p : q q : p p : p – q q : p + q p – q : p + q
(a) 7 : 2 2 : 7 7 : 5 2 : 9 5 : 9
(b) 24: 9 3 : 8 8 : 5 3 : 11 5 : 11
(c) 52 : 20 5 : 13 13 : 8 5 : 18 4 : 9
Test Yourself 4.2
1. (a) Yes (b) No(c) Yes (d) No
2. (a) Yes (b) Yes(c) No (d) Yes
3. (a) 120 (b) 108(c) 9 (d) 14
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Answers 3
4. (a) s = 28, t = 63 (b) k = 96, h = 56
5. Wicha = 880 Baht, Suwat = 1120 Baht
6. (a) 221 (b) 171
7. 230°C
8. 70 female competitors
9. Length = 20 cm, breadth = 35 cm
10. 91 kg
Test Yourself 4.3
1. (a) 10 : 2 : 7 (b) 35 : 150 : 24(c) 4 : 30 : 27 (d) 365 : 42 : 90
2. (a) Yes (b) No(c) No (d) Yes
3. (a) 4 : 9 : 7 (b) 12 : 5 : 8(c) 11 : 4 : 12 (d) 9 : 2 : 35
4. p : q : r p : q p : r q : r
(a) 9 : 10 : 4 9 : 10 9 : 4 5 : 2
(b) 15 : 11 : 6 15 : 11 5 : 2 11 : 6
(c) 24 : 40 : 25 3 : 5 24 : 25 8 : 5
(d) 55 : 85 : 16 11 : 17 55 : 16 85 : 16
5. (a) 15 : 24 : 26 (b) 195 : 60 : 28
6. (a) x = 240, y = 144(b) q = 12, r = 7
7. Malee = 12000 Baht, Siri = 19200 Baht
8. (a) w = 40, r = 45, k = 55(b) a = 48, b = 92, c = 72(c) s = 210, t = 126, u = 140(d) g = 6, h = 18, f = 7
9. Noodles = 4.5 kg, prawns = 1.5 kg, fish balls = 0.75 kg
10. (a) 400 (b) 28
11. 11 hours 40 minutes
12. 143 kg
13. 1st 14 km = 45.5 min, 2nd 14 km = 52.5 min, 3rd 14 km = 49 min
14. 42500 Baht
Test Yourself 4.4
1. (a) 4% (b) 23%(c) 117%
2. (a) 2—100
(b) 65—100
(c) 120—100
3. (a) 60% (b) 35%(c) 175%
4. (a) 70% (b) 13%(c) 210.5%
5. (a) 2—25
(b) 3—10
(c) 1 2—5
6. (a) 0.005 (b) 0.87(c) 1.25
Test Yourself 4.5
1. (a) 120 (b) 175 Baht(c) 76 Baht (d) 30 litres
2. 1300 Baht
3. 280 male workers
4. (a) 80% (b) 8%(c) 45% (d) 30%(e) 162.5% (f) 50%
5. 25%
6. 80
7. 60 kg
8. 2800 Baht
9. 30%
10. 5%
11. 480000 Baht
12. 5600 Baht
13. 26600 Baht
Mastery Practice
Objective Questions
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. C 21. D 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B
Subjective Questions
1. 480 2. 176
3. 5 : 8 4. 156
5. 3 19—22
hours 6. 120
7. 8.5 m 8. 306 cm
9. 9 : 23 10. 18 cm
11. 2650000 Baht 12. 600 Baht
13. 20% 14. 100 Baht
15. 3120 Baht 16. 15%
17. 45% 18. 200 Baht
19. 30% 20. 20%
21. 4500 Baht 22. 27,000 Baht
23. 300 Baht 24. 30%
25. 25% 26. 1000 Baht
Chapter 5 Congruent Triangles
Test Yourself 5.1
1. (a) x = 12 cm, y = 90°, z = 6 cm(b) x = 13 cm, y = 11 cm, z = 10 cm(c) x = 6 cm, y = 11 cm, z = 20°
2. (a) Not congruent, ∆DEF and ∆HFG are not
congruent.(b) Congruent, ∆JKN ∆LMN (SSS)
3. (a) Not congruent, ∆JKM and ∆KLM are not
congruent.(b) Congruent, ∆PQR ∆SRT (SAS)
4. (a) Not congruent, ∆KON and ∆LMO are not
congruent(b) Congruent, ∆PQR ∆TSU (ASA)
Mastery Practice
Objective Questions
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A
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Subjective Questions
1. ∆ABC ∆EDF, ∆ACB ∆EFD, ∆BAC ∆DEF, ∆BCA ∆DFE, ∆CAB ∆FED, ∆CBA ∆FDE.
2. ∆STU ∆WVS, ∆SUT ∆WSV, ∆TSU ∆VWS, ∆TUS ∆VSW, ∆UST ∆SWV, ∆UTS ∆SVW.
3. ∆JKL ∆MLK, ∆JLK ∆MKL, ∆KJL ∆LMK, ∆KLJ ∆LKM, ∆LJK ∆KML, ∆LKJ ∆KLM.
4. 9 cm
5. 23 cm
6. 11.5 cm
7. (a) 25 cm (b) 11 cm (c) 22 cm
Chapter 6 Pythagoras’ Theorem
Test Yourself 6.1
1. (a) p (b) x (c) QR
2. (a) y 2 = x 2 + z 2
(b) v 2 = u 2 + w 2
(c) JL 2 = JK 2 + KL 2
(d) AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
3. (a) 25 cm (b) 13 cm
4. (a) 7.81 cm (b) 13.45 cm(c) 5 cm (d) 9 cm
5. (a) 13 cm (b) 7.48 cm
6. 11.31 cm
7. 3.35 m
Test Yourself 6.2
1. (a) A right-angled triangle(b) Not a right-angled triangle
2. (a) A right-angled triangle(b) Not a right-angled triangle(c) A right-angled triangle
3. (a) A right-angled triangle(b) An acute-angled triangle(c) An obtuse-angled triangle(d) A right-angled triangle
4. An obtuse angle
5. An obtuse-angled triangle
Mastery Practice
Objective Questions
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. C
Subjective Questions
1. 15 2. 21.26 cm
3. 7.21 cm 4. 33.91 m
5. 54 cm 6. 176 cm2
7. 95 m2 8. 6.40 cm
9. 32 m 10. 15 m
11. An acute angle
Chapter 7 Transformations
Test Yourself 7.1
1. (a) Yes (b) Yes(c) No
2. (a) Object:K, image:L(b) Object:N, image:M(c) Object:Q, image:P(d) Object:R, image:S
Test Yourself 7.2
1. (a) Yes (b) No(c) No (d) Yes
2. (a)
M �
M
(b)
M �
M
(c)
M �
M
(d)
M �
M
3. (a) (i) 4 units to the right followed by 4 units upwards.
(ii) 4142(b) (i) 2 units to the left followed
by 3 units downwards.
(ii) – 21– 32(c) (i) 2 units to the right followed
by 5 units downwards.
(ii) – 21– 52(d) (i) 5 units upwards.
(ii) 0152 4. (a) True (b) False
(c) False
5. (a) (8, –10) (b) (0, –12)(c) (13, 7) (d) (–7, – 4)
6. (a) (–7, 4) (b) (–3, – 6)(c) (– 4, –14) (d) (11, 11)
7. (a)
P �
BP
A
(b) P �
C
P
B
(c)
P �
C
P
D
8. (–16, 26) 9. (10, – 6)
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Answers 5
Test Yourself 7.3
1. (a) Yes (b) Yes(c) No (d) Yes
2. Image of P is B, image of Q is E, image of R is D.
3. (a) False (b) True(c) False (d) True
4. (a)
P
P �
M
N(b)
N
M
P
P �
(c)
N
M
P'
P
(d) P
P �M
N
5. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
6. (a) (9, 2) (b) (–9, –2)(c) (–3, –2) (d) (9, 10)(e) (–2, 9)
7. (a) (2, –6) (b) (–2, 6)(c) (–2, 4) (d) (8, –6)(e) (7, 3)
8. (a) A reflection in the line passing through (3, 4) and parallel to the x-axis.
(b) A reflection in the line passing through (–1, 1) and parallel to the y-axis.
(c) A reflection in the line passing through (1, –3) and (5, 1).
(d) A reflection in the line passing through (6, 1) and (2, 5).
9. (a) (6, –3)(b) (– 4, 2)
10. (a)
P
M M �
Q
(b)
R SM
M �
(c)
T
U
M
M �
(d)
W
V
M
M �
Test Yourself 7.4
1. (a) Yes (b) No(c) Yes (d) Yes
2. (a) I (b) I(c) III (d) I
3. (a) True (b) False(c) True (d) True
4. (a)
O
(b)
O
(c)
O
(d)
O
5. (a)
P
O
P'
The angle of rotation is 90° rotating anticlockwise.
(b) P
OP'
The angle of rotation is 90° rotating anticlockwise.
(c)
PO P'
The angle of rotation is 180°.
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6 Mathematics Mathayom 2
(d) P
OP'
The angle of rotation is 90° rotating clockwise.
6. (a) (2, –1) (b) (–3, 2)(c) (1, 4) (d) (2, 5)
7. (a) (10, 2) (b) (– 4, –1)(c) (1, –1) (d) (7, 2)
8. (a)
MOM '
(b)
O
M �M
(c)
O
M
M '
(d)
M
O
M �
9. (a) (i) A rotation through 90° clockwise about (–9, 2).
(ii) A rotation through 180° about (5, 2).
(iii) A rotation through 90° anticlockwise about (– 4, – 6).
(b) A rotation through 90° clockwise about (0, –1).
A rotation through 270° anticlockwise about (0, –1).
10. (3, –2)
Test Yourself 7.5
1. (a) Yes (b) No(c) Yes (d) No
2. (a) Yes (b) Yes(c) Yes
Test Yourself 7.6
1. (a) Not an enlargement(b) Not an enlargement(c) An enlargement(d) An enlargement
1 2. (a) — (b) –1 2
1(c) – — (d) –2 2
3. (a) O
A
B
A�
B�
(b)
V�
T�S�
W� U�
ST
U
O
V
W
(c)
S�
R�
Q�
B�
O
QRP
S
(d) Z�
X�
Y�
OX
YZ
4. (a)
C
(b) C
(c)
C
(d)
C
(e)
C
(f)
C
5. (a) BC and QR, AB and PQ, AC and PR
(b) ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R(c) 3(d) ∆PQR and ∆ ABC
6. (a) A (b) A
AF AE(c) —– = —– AC AB
(d) (i) ∠AGF, ∠GFE, ∠CBA GF FE AE(ii) —– = —– = —– DC CB AB(iii) ABCD, AEFG
7. (a) 2 (b) 12 cm
(c) 11 cm 5 8. (a) – — (b) 15 m 2
1(c) 7 — m 5
1 9. (a) — (b) 7 cm 2
(c) 6 cm
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Answers 7
10. (a) 40 (b) 12
(c) 64 (d) 54 1 5(e) — (f) — 3 2
11. (a) 36 cm2 (b) 32 cm2
1 12. (a) – — (b) 126 cm2
3(c) 112 cm2
13. 6 cm2 14. 672 cm2
Mastery Practice
Objective Questions
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. A 24. A
Subjective Questions
1.
M
M �
2. (1, 2)
3. A translation – 61– 52
4.
M �
M
Q
P
5. A translation – 81– 42
6.
M �
K�
K
L
L�
M
O
7.
2–2
–4
–2
2
4
y
O x–4 4
8. A translation 101–72 9. K L
M
NN'M'
L�
K'
10.
2–2–2
–4
2
4
–4 4
y
O x
P
P�
11. (9, 0)
12. (3, 0)
13. 90° clockwise; (0, 4)
14. A rotation through 90° clockwise about (–2, 2).
15.
A
BC
A�
B�
C�
16. A reflection in the line passing through (2, 2) and parallel to the y-axis.
17. A translation – 51– 32 18.
PA
B
C
A'
B '
C '
19.
C
I
20.
IC
21.
D 'A'
B 'C '
E '
EA
B
PC
D
22. 30 unit2
23. 10 unit2
24.
C '
A'
B '
B
O C
A
Chapter 8 Statistics
Test Yourself 8.1
1.
162°Coffee
Tea
Chocolate
Others
126°
54°
18°
Hot Beverages Soldby a Cafe
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8 Mathematics Mathayom 2
2.
72°
57°102°
87°Coffee
Chocolate
Favourite Flavours of Ice Creamof 120 People
OthersVanilla
Strawberry
42°
3.
36°162°
Revision
Non-fictionFiction
Reference
Types of Books Boughtby Suree
72°
Test Yourself 8.2
1. (a) Others (b) 1—4
(c) 28000 Baht
2. (a) 30 (b) 45°
(b) 1—8
(d) 1 : 4
Test Yourself 8.3
1. (a) (i) 120° (ii) 17°(b) US$455.3 billion(c) US$210.8 billion
2. (a) 25.78% (b) 64.8°(c) 47.8 billion Baht
(d) 11.1% (e) 160
Mastery Practice
Objective Questions
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. B
Subjective Questions
1. Private candidate
2. 130°
3. 104 students 4. 78 students
5. 14
6. 20%
7. 80% 8. 140 students
9. 36° 10. 90°
11. 108° 12. 5833 Baht
13. 60° 14. 72°
Chapter 9 Probability
Test Yourself 9.1
1. (a) Impossible (b) Definitely(c) Likely (d) Not likely(e) Even
2. (a) P (b) R (c) Q (d) S (e) T
3. (a) Likely(b) Impossible(c) Not likely(d) Not very likely
4. (a) Impossible (b) Definitely(c) Likely (d) Even
Test Yourself 9.2
1. (a) A dice is rolled.(b) (i) A possible outcome.
(ii) A possible outcome.(iii) An impossible outcome.
2. (a) A possible outcome.(b) A possible outcome.(c) An impossible outcome.
3. (a) The possible outcomes are red ball, blue ball, yellow ball and black ball.
(b) Sample space, S = {red ball, blue ball, yellow ball, black ball}
4. Let H represents the heads of the coin, T represents the tails of the coin, R represents the red pencil, B represents the blue pencil and G represents the green pencil.
(a) The possible outcomes are (H, R), (H, B), (H, G), (T, R), (T, B) and (T, G).
(b) Sample space, S = {(H, R), (H, B), (H, G), (T, R), (T, B), (T, G)}
5. (a) Sample space, S = {F, E, S, T, I, V, A, L}
(b) (i) {E, I, A}(ii) {F, S, T, V, L}
6. (a) (i) Possible event(ii) Possible event(iii) Impossible event
(b) (i) {1, 3, 5}(ii) {}(iii) {2, 3, 5}
Mastery Practice
Objective Questions
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B
Subjective Questions
1. (a) Impossible (b) Unlikely(c) Certainly (d) Very likely(e) Even
2. (a) Unlikely (b) Certainly(c) Even (d) Impossible(e) Likely
3. (a) (i) Likely(ii) Unlikely(iii) Impossible
(b) A red marble
4. (a) {S, A, M, P, L, E}
(b) (i) Possible outcome(ii) Impossible outcome
(c) (i) {S, M, P, L}(ii) {S, P}
5. (a) {(1, 7), (1, 8), (1, 9), (2, 7), (2, 8), (2, 9), (3, 7), (3, 8), (3, 9), (4, 7), (4, 8), (4, 9), (5, 7), (5, 8), (5, 9), (6, 7), (6, 8), (6, 9)}
(b) (i) Possible(ii) Possible
(c) (i) {(2, 7), (3, 7), (5, 7)}(ii) {(1, 7), (1, 8), (1, 9),
(2, 7), (2, 8), (2, 9), (3, 7), (3, 8), (4, 7)}
CHAPTER
8
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CHAPTER
9