Settlement Planning

MASTER PLAN

SUBMITTED BY –PRIKSHIT CHAUDHARY, 11611SONIA SHARMA, 11612SAHIL KAUNDAL, 11613

SUBMITTED TO –DR. IP SINGH

Period of industrial revolution : 1760-1820

• Important epoch in the history of growth of cities.

• Between the world wars and especially after world war two – 1939-45.

• Many towns and cities have grown up without proper planning.

• Overgrown cities became a mess.

• Industries were set up in the heart of the cities.

• No consideration for transport and utility services

HISTORY

NEED OF MASTER PLAN

• Migration of rural population caused housing shortage and increased

congestion.

• Growing needs of automobiles : development of transport was

inadequate – over crowding again.

• Industries have encroached upon residential areas :shortage of open

spaces and recreational areas.

• To eradicate the evils of the ill planned cities, for general welfare of

citizens in respect of health, convenience and comfort : need for a

comprehensive master plan.

NEED OF MASTER PLAN

HISTORY

• The Master Plan is a statutory document envisaged for

and systematic development of urban areas for horizon year.

• It is essentially a land use and network with regulations to

control the intensity of use with provision for mid-term

appraisal/review. The master plan is both process and product

oriented.

• The proper development and management of urban areas calls for

accurate and vital data to be made available on a periodic basis in

order to formulate a responsive spatial planning framework

MASTER PLAN

• Any municipality, from small village to sprawling metropolis, can have a

master plan. Small communities will hire a private planning firm to prepare

a plan and submit it to the local government for approval. In big cities, the

department of city planning prepares the master plan.

• The plan itself is a document, sometimes hundreds of pages long, that

shows a community as it is and recommends how it should exist in the

future. It often contains diagrams, aerial photos, maps , reports and

statistical information that support the planner's vision

MASTER PLAN

FEATURES OF MASTER PLAN

• Population : the prospective population to be provided for next 30-50 years

based on the present population and its growth rate during last 3-4 decades.

• Density : standards vary for town center, suburb, type of building, etc. Avg.

overall density of 80-100 persons/acre is allowed

• Requirement of land : how many acres for over spill to rehabilitate and how

many acre for future growth.

• To guide development of a city i n an orderly manner so as to improve the

quality of life of its citizens.

• Organize and coordinate the complex relationships between urban land uses.

• Chart a course for growth and change, be responsive to change and

maintain its validity over time and space, and be subject to review.

• Direct physical development of the city in relation to its social and economic

characteristics based on comprehensive surveys and studies on the present

status and the future growth prospects; and Provide a resource mobilization

plan for the proposed development.

• The implementation of the master plan thus facilitates the orderly and

planned development of cities in a sustainable manner and ultimately help

in achieving good governance.

THE FUNCTIONS OF THE MASTER PLAN :

• Physical characteristics and natural resources,

• City influence area & Settlement System

• Demography

• Economic base including employment in formal and informal sectors

• Housing and shelter

• Social infrastructures (health & education)

• Transport network (road, railway, water ways and airways)

• Utilities & services ( water supply, drainage and sewerage, solid waste

management and energy)

• Land use

• Resource mobilization and Investment Plans.

THE MAJOR CONTENTS OF THE MASTER PLAN

TERMINOLOGY

• Master Plan

A Master Plan is a long-term plan prepared with the purpose of planned development of cities.

The document includes the space requirements for various uses and allocates land for the same.

It also spells out the policies, guidelines as per the vision, goal and objectives of the plan. The

plan is based on comprehensive surveys and studies on the present status and the future growth

prospects which direct the physical development of the city.

• Zonal Plan

The Zonal Plans detail out the policies of the Master Plan and pertain to a zone as identified by

the Master Plan. The development schemes and layout plans indicating various use premises

conform to the Zonal Plans.

The formulation of the Zonal Plan is stipulated to be within one year as is the case regarding

Master Plan of Delhi. In the absence of a Zonal Plan of any area, the development is in

accordance with the provisions of the Master Plan.

• Structure Plan

The Structure Plan is the planning framework for an area and includes the distribution of the

population, activities, the relationship between land use patterns and development activities and

the network and systems of communication, utilities and services respectively.

• Perspective Plan

Perspective plan is a long term plan (20-25 years) that provides goals, policies, strategies and

general programmes of the urban local authority.

The plan covers long term policies regarding spatial, economic development, development of

infrastructure and resource mobilization and a policy framework to the short term plans.

• Development Plan

A development plan is a medium term plan (generally 5 years) prepared within the framework

of the approved perspective plan, providing to the people the comprehensive proposals for

socio-economic and spatial development of the urban settlement indicating the manner in

which the use of the land and development therein shall be carried out by the local authority

and other agencies.

• Annual Plan

An annual plan conceived within the framework of development plan, is a plan containing the

details of new and ongoing projects that the local authority intends to implement during the

respective financial year and for which necessary fiscal resources shall be mobilized through

plan funds and other sources.

• Comprehensive Development Plan

The development plans are worked on a reduced time span as compared to the

master plans, which to some extent has increased the effectiveness of the plans.

Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) is one such effort anchored on the

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, which aims at creating

economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities. A CDP is

both a perspective as well as a vision document for future development of city.

LAND DISTRIBUTION

land is distributed for various uses such as

:

1. Residential

2. Commercial

3. Industrial

4. Public and semi public

5. Open spaces

6. Communication

7. Other special uses

GENERAL LAND USE PATTERN :

• Residential : 50-55 %

• Commercial : 2-5%

• Industrial use : 10-12%

• Public and semi public – 8-10 %

• Open spaces

• parks – 10-15 %

• playgrounds

• Communication – 15-18%

• Other special uses – about 5 %

• Road widening

• re-aligning

• Creating open spaces

• Parks

• Playgrounds

• Community facilities

PROPOSALS :

FORMULATION OF A MASTER PLAN

• Existing conditions and development issues;

• Projected requirements and assessment of deficiencies;

• Development aims and objectives

• Development proposals

• Resource mobilization proposals;

• Implementation

• Monitoring and review.

The detailed Methodology for formulation of Master plans for urban settlements has

been spelt out in the Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation

(UDPFI) Guidelines, 1996. The broad contents are:

Map of Settlement and environsBase map

Direction of GrowthBroad Quantum of land

required for horizonyear

Survey Results andProjections

Development Strategyand hierarchy of

development

Proposed land use

ExistingLand use

Detailed Quantum of landrequired for horizon year

Building Byelaws, ifapplicable

Review

DevelopmentControl

Phasing

Funding MechanismProject Prioritization andCost

Monitoring andimplementation

Zonal Development Plans

FORMULATION OF MASTER PLANS

The most crucial pre-requisite for preparing a Plan is an accurate and

updated Base Map of the planning area consisting of physical features

• topography

• drainage pattern

• water bodies

• road network

• Rail

• forest area

• settlement areas

• spatial extent of development.

THE BASE MAP

PLANNING LEVELS & DATA REQUIREMENT

Sl.No Level Scale Source of data

1 Regional Plan 1:50,000 Satellite Images

2 Sub-Regional Plan 1:25,000 Satellite Images

3 Development Plan /Master Plan 1:10,000 High Resolution Satellite

Data such as Cartosat -2

4 Zonal Plan 1:2,000 Aerial Photography

5 Site Plan (Planned areas) 1:1,000 Total Station

6 Site Plan (dense built up areas, 1:500

unplanned areas, slums,

unauthorized colonies)

Total Station

STEP BY STEP GUIDE FOR FORMULATING MASTER PLANS- AT A GLANCE

1 2 3 4 5 6

S.N

O

Task Scale Input Agency

Outp

ut responsible

1 Preparation of

Map showing

Settlement and

enviorns

1:25000/

1:50000

Cartosat/I

konos/QB

State Remote Map/ Drg of Settlement and

Sensing enviorns showing

Agency/ settlements, linkages,

outsourcing resources, water bodies etc.

2 Preparation of

Base map

Correlating

Cadastral

information

1:10000 -do- -do- Map/Drg of Settlement

showing built up areas,

existing network,natural

features, heritage areas etc

3. Socio –Economic

Survey

Questioner

/Proforma

design

ULB/Agency Collection & processing of

Responsible/ Ward/ House of House hold

Consultant data and Projections

4 Preparation of

existing Landuse

map

1:10000 Cartosat/I

konos/QB

Detailed Detailed existing landuse by

existing land types ie Residential,

use survey commercial, industry, etc

1 2 3 4 5 6

S.N Task

O

Scale Input Agency

responsible

Output

5. Identification

of direction of

growth

1:1000

0

-do- Department/A

uthority/

Organisation

etc/ Consultant

Delineation of

Growth Prospects by

analysis of images

over various time

periods

6 Identification

of broad

Quantum of

land required

for horizon

year

1:1000

0Existing density pattern

and norms for proposed

density

Department/A

uthority/

Organisation

etc/ Consultant

Delineation of

Areas for

Development

7. Identification

of detailed

Quantum of

land required

for horizon

year

1:10000

and

1:2000/

total

station

Density prescription as

per norms/ buildable

areas depending on slopes

and soil types/ areas for

re- development

depending on land

ownership, land value, age

, condition and height of

structures

Department/A

uthority/

Organisationet

c/

Consultant

Delineation of

Specific pockets for

Development

2

1

3 4 5 6

S.NO Task Scale Input Agency responsible Output

8 Analysis of

Survey results

and projections

Sample surveys/ secondary Department/Authority/ Specific requirements data/

related studies Organisation etc/ of land for various uses

Consultant

9 Spelling out

hierarchy of

development

1:10,000 Norms and standards Department/Authority/ Identification of

Organisation etc/ planning divisions/

Consultant planning zones

10 Proposed land

use

1:10,000 GIS applications Department/Authority/ Map/drg showing

Organisation etc/ proposed landuse/Consultant network for the horizon

year

11 Development

Control

Proposed landuse Department/Authority/

Organisation etc/

Consultant

Regulating building bulk by

activity/premises

consisting of uses allowed,

not allowed and those

allowed with conditions

12 Building

Byelaws, if

applicable

Development Control/NBC,

2005/Model BBl,2004/ Best

Practices

Department/Authority/

Organisation

etc/

Consultant

Regulating building

construction on

premises

2

1

3 4 5 6

13 Phasing of

Development

1:10,000 Proposed landuse Department/Author

ity/

Organisation etc/

Consultant

Phase wise development

program proposed

14 Priortisation of

projects and

costing

1:10,000/

1:2000

Proposed landuse Department/Author

ity/

Organisation etc/

Consultant

Development

priorities

15 Funding

possibilities

Development Department/Author

priorities ity/

Organisation etc/

Consultant

Requirement of funds for

Master plan implementation

16 Monitoring and

implementati on

Development Client Agency

priorities

Review mechanism in place

17 Review Stakeholders State Govt Inequities are

addressed

18 Zonal

Development

Plans

1:2000 Existing land use Department/Author

surveys ity/

Organisation etc/

Consultant

Detailed development plans

for implementation

DELAY IN PLAN FORMULATION :-

Master Plans is a lengthy and time consuming process. The entire process of plan preparation

and its approval by State Govts, takes between three to five years in general, and often more

• Non-availability of latest base maps resulted in great difficulties in field data collection.

• Lack of adequate system of maintaining a data base hampered the informed decision

making by the local authorities.

• Manual graphic presentations were difficult and thus were limited where as production

of maps and visual data can be more easily understood and comprehended by common

people.

• No efficient system of data storage and retrieval, the monitoring of the master plan was

extremely difficult.

• Data sharing and coordination among the line departments is very poor

INTRODUCING

DELHI MASTER PLAN 2021

DELHI MASTER PLAN-2021

Objectives of Master Plan•The main objective of master plan is to give direction to future growth of the development area and making viable and practicable adjustment in the already developed unplanned land.

•Assessment of proposals of previous master plan, achievements and validity in today’s context.

•Formulation of proper goals and objectives for city’s organized development.

•Traffic and transportation: effective transportation system to be achieved.

•To provide the citizens with basic amenities/ services and it’s balanced distribution.

•Interrelationship between various land uses of the city.

•Historical buildings, places of architectural importance, conservation and formulation of policies.

•To provide the city with a healthy physical environment.

Development of master plan 2021

Delhi Master plan-2021 was drafted in end 2005.

The Delhi Master Plan 2021 was finally notified on February 7, 2007, six years after it was due.

The Plan acknowledges 7,000 objections/suggestions.

Board of Enquiry, which met 17 times.

VISION-2021

Vision 2021 is to make Delhi a global metropolisand a WORLD CLASS city.

What the term “world class” means is undefinedexcept somewhat commitment “where all the people would be engaged in productive work with a better quality of life, living in a sustainable environment”.

Though, this statement should logically apply to all settlements and societies, whether “world class” or not.

VISION-2021The population of Delhi in 2001 was 138 lakh as against the MPD-2001 projection of 128 lakh.

MPD 2021 comments that “this has had its inevitable implications and impact in terms of shelter, including squatter settlements and other infrastructure facilities”.

But does not clarify how a mere 8 percent increase in population have caused the entire city to come tumbling down to such an extent.

A serious attempt should be made to get a plan in place that will make Delhi a LIVEABLE city, even if not a world class city.

POPULATIONAs per 2001 Census, NCT of Delhi had a total population of 138 lakh. NCT Delhi is highly urbanized with 93.18% of its population living in urban areas as against the national average of 27.81%.

During the course of implementation of the plan, attempt should be made to restrict the population of Delhi lower than 220 lakhs.

This depends on the effective implementation of policies and proposals of Regional Plan 2021 by Govt. of NCT Delhi.

Population Assignment-2021

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

NCR NCTD

Area

Po

pu

lati

on

( in

La

kh

)

Populatin (In Lakh)

POPULATION ESTIMATE AT FIVE YEAR INTERVAL

138

162

182199

230

0

50

100

150

200

250

2001 2006 2011 2016 2021

YEARP

op

ula

tio

n i

n (

Lakh

s)

Series2

HOUSINGHousing need is for 24 lakh new houses till 2021 for population of 23 Million.

For 24 lakh houses, we need proportionate no. of shops. Provide them at the time we plan for the residential complex.

This concept should be built at the planning stage so that shops and other commercial establishments can come up along with

houses.

HOUSINGThere is considerable dependence between Delhi and the NCR. Some population living in NCR would be coming to Delhi to work and vice-versa.

One can certainly assume that the NCR can cater to 20% of the future population demands. 40% can be dealt through re-densification of existing areas and other 40 % through new addition.

What is estimated is that 450-500 hectares of land would have to be acquired per annum for next 20 yrs., because of new developments. Still there is a question regarding the feasibility of this suggestion.

HOUSING NEED

20%

40%

40%NCR

redevelopment/ upgradationof existing reas

New Housing

HOUSING

◦ There is a very feeble act in the master plan: Themaster plan suggests the following densities forvarious categories.

◦ Slum housing (up to 30 sq.m)-600 DUs/Ha

◦ Category I (above30-upto40sq.m.)-500 DUs/ Ha

◦ Category II (above40-upto80sq.m.)-250 DUs/ Ha

◦ Category III (above80sqm) - 175 DUs/Ha

◦ The Master plan has varying density like 30sqmi.e. 600 dwelling units per Hectare its impossibleto achieve that.

Housing Density

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Slum Category-I Category-II Category-III

Category

Dw

ell

ing

Un

its p

er

Haecta

re

Series1

UNAUTHORISED COLONIES

The demand for the unauthorized colonies “which are to be regularized, should be effectively incorporated in the mainstream of urban development”.

This means the payment of heavy penalties and development charges by the offending parties, without any fine being levied on government agencies that were supposed to have provided “authorized” housing in the first place.

Unauthorized colonies came up as there was a gap between DEMAND and SUPPLY.

LANDUSEMPD-2021 advocates the mixed land use concept, to meet the growing demand of commercial activities and overcome the shortfall of available commercial space”.

But there is no explanation of why there was a shortfall in the first place?

Mixed land use concept of MPD 2021 is a welcome step.

LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Resi

dentia

l

Com

merc

ial

Indu

stria

l

Gre

en/ r

ecre

ationa

l

Pub

lic S

emi p

ublic

Circ

ulat

ion

Land Use

% o

f la

nd

% of Land- MPD-2021

Zonewise Estimated Holding Capacity of Existing Urban

Area

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

A B C D E F G H

Dwar

ka

Roh

ini III

Roh

ini IV &

V

Nar

ela

ZonesP

op

ula

tio

n i

n '0

00

'

Holding Capacity 2001

Existing population

Holding Capacity 2021

MIXED LANDUSEPROBLEMS

◦ The constant presence of outsiders/shoppers with no local loyalty will erode residential quality and endanger the women, the children and the aged

◦ The water supply & power situations would be worsen.

◦ Vehicular movement with increased parking & goods supply would create chaos with housing areas

SOLUTIONS◦ Segregating entry points into housing and shopping areas as an exclusive public

domain for residential use which alone provide safety.

◦ Parking of housing should be separated and commercial parking should be severely restricted. This would not only reduce vehicular nuisance , noise and dust pollution but would also indirectly control the size of commercial activity.

◦ Water, Electricity sewerage and solid waste disposal etc would require increased municipal inputs.

MIXED LANDUSE

Mixed land use has the following advantages.◦ adds vitality to the city, ◦ cuts down commuting distance, ◦ saves time, energy and investments in transport infrastructure

to ◦ provide the citizens a more integrated daily life cycle. ◦ helps improve the quality of life in the city

◦ urban poor, ◦ the aged◦ the children and ◦ the physically challenged.

Ironically, India's urban heritage also was built upon mixed use

WATERThe MPD 2021 Plan mentions that, in the past, “the infrastructure provisions especially those related to water have not matched the pace of development”. But what does it plan for the future?

There is, firstly, a dispute between DDA and the Delhi Jal Board (DJB) about how much water is required by an individual in Delhi.

The former stipulates 80 gallons per day, while the latter has scaled it down to 60 gallons.

DDA projects 1,840 million gallons per day (MGD) while DJB computes 1,380 mgd. Against this, the current treatment capacity in Delhi is just 805 mgd. where will all the water come from?

Water Demand in (MGD)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2007 2011 2021

Year

Wate

r D

em

an

d i

n (

MG

D)

Water Demand in (MGD)

SANITATIONDelhi's sanitation in a pathetic state.

Most of its sewer lines SILTED and NOT FUNCTIONING, according to a UN report.

A large proportion of Delhi's 5,600-km of feeder sewers are silted and less than 15 percent of the trunk sewer line is functioning.

The city's 17 sewerage plants are inadequate to process the waste, and most of the plants operate far below capacity.

SANITATION

The end result is that less than half the waste is processed by the sewerage plants before the filth is dumped into the already polluted Yamuna river.

Sewarage Augmentation Plan

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Okh

la

Co

ron

ati

on

pill

ar

Se

n

Nu

rsin

g

Tim

arp

ur

Ro

hin

i

Va

sa

nt

Ku

nj

Treatment Plant

Cap

ac

ity

in

(M

GD

)

Capacity 2001 in (MGD)

Capacity 2021 in (MGD)

E- WASTEDisposing of ordinary torch cell batteries may not strike you as dangerous.

In India, we use nearly 200,000 tonnes of industrial and domestic batteries every year and dump them carelessly.

These batteries contain mercury, cadmium and lead - all substances lethal to the human system.

Once they permeate into the water table, these cannot be fully removed by any existing water purification system in the country

These metals cannot be excreted by the body. They accumulate in our system and affect our mental health.

TRANSPORTATIONThere was an urgent need to streamline the basic transport system before CWG-2010.

A study points out that commuters are paying 150 percent more than the actual auto fares in the city!

Metro Rail network proposal covering a length of 56.76KM is a good news.

PARKING POLICYThere is a proposal of making 175 new parking sites, 18 new multi-level parking facilities.

Opening up DTC depots for private parking and revision of parking charges for private transport.

It also approved formation of 43 corridors with 575 km route length for Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System for public transport.

Public transport must be encouraged.

TUNNEL ROAD PROJECTA tunnel road project linking NH-24 to LodhiRoad was proposed in draft Master Plan.

It will connect “Common wealth village site” and “Jawahar lal Nehru stadium”.

The tunnel would pass under Sunder Nersury(near HUMAYUS TOMB) and Neela Gumbadending near Jawahar Lal Stadium.

ASI, after thrice earlier rejecting a tunnel road project finally approved it.

COMMON WEALTH VILLAGE (NEAR AKHSHADHAM

TEMPLE)

The site for common wealth village wasselectedon the river bed near Akhshardham Temple.

Rupees 150 crore were earmarked for developing the Commonwealth Village and Rs400 crore for improvement of infrastructure such as modernization and lengthening of roads.

NEW STADIUMSIndoor stadiums have been constructed at the J.N. Stadium, I. G. Sports Complex, Siri Fort and Yamuna Complex.

The Indian capital will have five newstadiums.

These stadiums will come up in the heart of the capital, which will create serious problem of transportation.

Thanks…