DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KURUKSHETA

Master of Technology (Electronics & Communication Engineering)

Proposed Course Structure for Two-Year M.Tech. ECE program

Semester-I

Subject Code Course Title L-T-P Credits

ECE-501T Digital Signal Processing 3-0-0 3

ECE-503T Digital Communication 3-0-0 3

ECE-505T Wireless Networks 3-0-0 3

Elective-I 3-0-0 3

Elective-II 3-0-0 3

ECE-507P Seminar 0-0-2 1

ECE-509P Communication Lab-I 0-0-2 1

ECE-511P Communication Lab-II 0-0-2 1

21 18

Weight age for Theory Courses:

During Semester Evaluation Weightage – 50%

End Semester Examination Weightage - 50%

Weightage for Lab. Courses:

During Semester Evaluation Weightage -60%

End Semester Examination Weightage- 40%

List of Electives:

1. ECE-513T Image Processing

2. ECE-515T Microwave Theory and Devices

3. ECE-517T Telecommunication Switching

4. ECE-519T Selected Topics in Communication Engg.

5. ECE-521T Statistical Signal Processing

6. ECE-523T Nuro-Fuzzy Systems

7. ECE-525T Satellite and Space Communication

8. ECE-527T Multimedia Systems

9. ECE-529T Data Compression

10. ECE-531T Statistical Models

11. ECE-533T Computer Network

Semester-II

Subject

Code

Course Title L-T-P Credits

ECE-502T Detection and Estimation 3-0-0 3

ECE-504T System Modeling and Simulation 3-0-0 3

Elective-I 3-0-0 3

Elective-II 3-0-0 3

Elective-III 3-0-0 3

ECE-506P Seminar 0-0-2 1

ECE-508P Minor Project 0-0-4 2

21 18

Weight age for Theory Courses:

During Semester Evaluation Weightage – 50%

End Semester Examination Weightage - 50%

Weight age for Lab. Courses:

During Semester Evaluation Weightage -60%

End Semester Examination Weightage- 40%

List of Electives:

1. ECE-510T Wireless Sensor Networks

2. ECE-512T Information and Network Security

3. ECE-514T Ad-Hoc Networks

4. ECE-516T Mobile Computing

5. ECE-518T Bio-Medical Signal Processing

6. ECE-520T Speech Processing

7. ECE-522T Digital Signal Processors and Applications

8. ECE-524T Adaptive Signal Processing

9. ECE-526T Modern Coding Theory

10. ECE-528T MIMO Systems

11. ECE-530T Digital Filter Design

12. ECE-532T Digital Video Processing

13. ECE-534T Research Methodology

Semester-III

Subject

Code

Course Title L-T-P Credits

ECE-601P Prepatory work for Dissertation 0-0-20 20

20

Semester –IV

Subject

Code

Course Title L-T-P Credits

ECE-602P Dissertation 0-0-32 16

ECE- 501T (DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING)

UNIT-1 DFT & FFT

Frequency-Domain Sampling- The Discrete Fourier Transform: Frequency-Domain

sampling and reconstruction of Discrete-Time Signals, Discrete Fourier Transform, DFT as a

linear transformation, Relationship of the DFT to other transforms. Properties of the , Use of the

DFT in linear filtering, Filtering of long data sequences. The Discrete Cosine Transform, FFT

Algorithms, Divide-and-conquer approach to computation of the DFT, Radix-2 , Radix-4, and

Split-Radix FFT algorithms. Applications of FFT Algorithms.

UNIT-2 Filter Structures & Design

Direct-form Cascade-form Frequency-sampling and Lattice structures for FIR filters.

Direct-form, Signal flow graphs and transposed structures for IIR filters. Cascade and Parallel

form structures, Lattice and lattice-ladder structures for IIR systems.

Causality and its implications, Characteristics of practical frequency selective filters. Symmetric

and anti-symmetric FIR filters, Design of linear-phase FIR filters using windows, by frequency-

sampling method. Design of optimum equiripple linear-phase FIR filters.

Design of IIR Filters from Analog Filters, IIR filter design by approximation of derivatives,

bilinear transformation, and impulse invariance. Characteristics of commonly used analog filters.

UNIT-3 Multirate Digital Signal Processing

Introduction, Decimation by a factor D, Interpolation by a factor I, Sampling rate conversion by

a rational factor I/D. Polyphase filter structures, Design of phase shifters, Interfacing of digital

systems with different sampling rates, Implementation of narrowband lowpass filters, Subband

coding of speech signals. Two-Channel and M-Channel QMF Banks Elimination of aliasing,

Condition for perfect reconstruction, Polyphase form of the QMF bank.

UNIT-4 Linear Prediction and Adaptive Filters

Rational power spectra, Relationships between the filter parameters and the autocorrelation

sequence. Forward linear prediction, backward linear prediction, Optimum reflection coefficients

for the lattice forward and backward predictors, Relationship of an AR process to linear

prediction. AR lattice structure, ARMA processes and lattice-ladder filters.

Wiener Filters for Filtering and Prediction, Applications of Adaptive Filters, Minimum mean-

square-error criterion, LMS algorithm, Related stochastic gradient algorithms.

Note: Eight questions will be set and the students will be asked to attempt any five questions.

REFERENCES:

1. Roman Kuc: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing. MGH

2. JG Proakis: Digital Signal Processing PHI.

3. Oppenheim Schafer: Discrete Time Signal Processing. PHI

4. Simon Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, PTH

ECE-503T (DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS)

Unit-1

Characterization of Communication Signals & Systems

Representation of Band pass Signal and System: Response of a band pass system to band pass signal,

Representation of band pass stationary stochastic processes.

Representation of digitally modulated signals: memory less modulation methods, Linear modulation

with memory, Nonlinear modulation methods with memory.

Spectral Characteristics of Digitally Modulated Signals: Power spectra of Linearly modulated

Signals, CPFSK and CPM Signals, Modulated Signals with memory.

Unit-2

Band pass Modulation & Demodulation

Digital Band Pass Modulation techniques, Detection of signals in Gaussian noise,

Coherent Detection: Coherent Detection of PSK, MPSK and FSK and its error performance, Sampled

Matched Filter

Non Coherent detection: Detection of DPSK, FSK, Binary Differential PSK and their error

performance, required tone spacing for non coherent orthogonal FSK. Comparison of bit error

performance of various modulation techniques.

M-ary Signaling & Performance, Symbol Error Performance for M-ary Systems; MPSK and MFSK,

Bit Error probability versus symbol error probability.

Unit-3

Digital Signaling Over a Channel With Intersymbol Interference

Signal design for band limited channels. Communication through Band limited Linear Filter

Channels: optimum demodulation for ISI and additive white Gaussian noise, Linear equalization:

Peak distortion Criterion, Mean Square Error Criterion, Performance Characteristics of MSE

Equalizer, Decision-Feedback equalization: Coefficient Optimization, Performance Characteristics

Unit-4

Spread Spectrum Techniques:

Spread Spectrum Overview: Attributes of SS Systems, Spreading Techniques, Model for DS SS

Interference Rejection, Pseudonoise Sequences, DSSS Systems: Processing Gain and Performance,

Frequency Hopping Systems: FH with diversity, Fast hopping versus Slow hopping, FFH

Demodulator, Processing Gain, Synchronization: Acquition and Tracking, Jamming Considerations

and Applications.

REFERENCES:

1. Simon Haykin: Communication System, Wiley Eastern Limited. .

2. J.Dass, SK Mullick & PK Chatterjee: Principle of Digital Communication, Wiley Eastern

Limited.

3. Martin S. Roden :Digital and Data Communication System P.H.Inc, London, .

4. Viterbi, A.J. and J.K. Omura :Principles of Digital Communication, Mc-Graw Hill Book

Company, New York.

5. Bernard Sklar: Digital Communications, Fundamentals & Applications, Pearson

ECE-505T (WIRELESS NETWORKS)

Unit-I:

Introduction to wireless, cellular, and PCS mobile radio, wired transmission techniques, wireless

modems, power efficiency, diversity techniques for mobile wireless radio systems-combining

and switching methods, performance improvement, access methods-TDMA, CDMA, CSMA,

Unit-II:

Radio propagation and system concepts, propagation characteristics, models of multipath faded

radio channels, mobile radio networks, propagation effects, wireless network planning,

topologies, capacity expansion, TDMA, CDMA techniques

UNIT-III:

GSM systems, WCDMA, mobile satellite communication, integration of GEO,LEO, and MEO

satellite and terrestrial mobile systems, 3G, universal mobile telecommunication systems,

IMT2000, 4G-design goals, applications, challenges, LTE, Wi-Fi, IEEE802.11 wireless LAN

standards, WiMAX, IEEE 802.16 Broadband wireless access standards, Bluetooth and PANs

UNIT-IV

Wireless geolocation technologies, Geolocation systems, architecture, geolocation standards for

E.911 service, applications, recent advances in wireless networks, wireless ultra wideband

communication

References:

1. Kaveh Pahlavan, Prashant Krisnamoorthy, " Principles of wireless networks, a unified

approach", Pearson Education

2. Dr. Kamilo Feher, " Wireless Digital communication, modulation and spread spectrum

applications", PHI

3. Theodore S. Rappaport, " Wireless Communication, Principles and Practice", 2nd

edition, Pearson

ECE-513T (DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING)

UNIT – I:

Introduction: The Origin of Digital Image Processing, Problems and Applications, Fundamental steps in image

processing, Components of an image processing system.

Two dimensional systems and mathematical preliminaries: Notations and definitions, Unitary Transforms and

their properties. One Dimensional and Two Dimensional DFT, Cosine and Sine Transforms. Hadamard, Slant, Harr

and KL, Transforms and their properties, Comparison of various transforms.

Image Perception: Image models, sampling & quantization, neighbors of a pixel, connectivity, labeling of

connected components. Temporal properties of vision, Distance measures, stereo imaging.

UNIT – II:

Intensity Transformation and Spatial Filtering: Basic intensity transformation functions, Histogram

processing, spatial filters, homomorphic filtering, generation of spatial marks, Fuzzy techniques for Intensity

Transformation and Spatial Filtering.

Image Restoration and Reconstruction: Noise models, Restoration in the presence of Noise only, Frequency

domain filtering, Inverse filtering, Wiener filtering, Geometric mean filtering, Image reconstruction from

projections.

Image Compression: Redundancy models, error free compression, Lossy compression, Some basic

compression methods, Image compression standards.

UNIT – III:

Color Image Processing: Color Models, Pseudocolor Image Processing, Bacics of full color image

processing, color transformations, segmentation, smoothing and sharpening, Noise in color Images..

Morphological Image Processing: Erosion, Dialation, Opening, Closing, Some basic morphological

algorithms, Gray scale morphology.

UNIT – IV:

Image Segmentation: Detection of Discontinuity, Edge detection, Boundary detection, Thresholding,

Regional oriented segmentation use of motion in segmentation.

Representation and Description: Representation, Regional descriptors, Boundary descriptors, Image

analysis, Pattern and their classes, Decision theoretical methods, Structural methods, Interpretation

REFERENCES :

1 Gonzalez and Woods, Image Processing, Addison Wesley & Sons.

2 Anil Jain, Digital Image Processing , PHI.

ECE-515T (MICROWAVE THEORY AND DEVICES)

Refreshing of basics of electromagnetic theory and microwaves

Review of waveguides, microstip, striplines, microwave components and circuits

Introduction to microwave transistors and diodes, transferred electron and avalanche transit time

devices, linear beam and crossed field tubes, monolithic microwave integrated circuits

MICROWAVE AMPLIFIER DESIGN : Two-Port Power Gains, Stability, Single stage and

broadband amplifier design, power amplifiers

MICROWAVE OSCILLATORS AND MIXERS: Transistor Oscillators, Dielectric Resonator

Oscillators, Oscillator Phase Noise, Representation of Phase Noise, Leeson's Model for

Oscillator Phase Noise, Frequency Multipliers, Mixer Characteristics, Single-Ended Diode

Mixer, Single-Ended FET Mixer, Balanced Mixer, Image Reject Mixer, Other Mixers

INTRODUCTION TO MICROWAVE SYSTEMS: Wireless Communication Systems, Radar

Systems, Radiometer Systems, Microwave Propagation, Other Applications

Biological Effects and Safety

REFERENCES:

1. David M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, John Wiley and sons Inc.

2. Samuel Y. Liao, Microwave Devices and Circuits, Prentice-Hall of India.

3. Das, Annapurna & Sisir K. Das, Microwave Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill.

ECE-517T (TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEM)

Unit 1

Introduction: Evolution of Telecommunication switching system, Basics of a switching

system, Classification of switching system, Strowger switching system, Crossbar

switching. Basic Tele-communication equipments : Telephone handset, Hybrid circuit,

Echo suppressors and cancellers, PCM coders, Modems and Relays.

Unit 2

Electronic Switching : Space division switching, Stored program control switching,

Basic call processing , Level 1 ,2 & 3 processing , Software architecture , Application

software, Enhanced services, Time division switching : Time division space switching,

Time division time switching, time multiplexed space switching, Time multiplexed time

switching, combination switching, Switching networks: two-stage network, three- stage

networks, n-stage networks.

Unit 3 Traffic : Concept of telecommunication traffic, Grade of Service, Blocking probability,

Modeling switching systems, Blocking models and delay systems.

Signalling System: Signalling techniques, In channel signalling , Common channel

signalling, SS7 signalling protocol, SS7 protocol architecture.

Unit 4

Telephone Networks: Introduction, Subscriber loops systems, switching hierarchy,

Transmission plan and Numbering plan.

Telephone Network Protocol: Protocol stack, Digital transmission hierarchy,

SONET/SDH.

ATM Networks: The Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM switching, ATM switches ,

ATM applications.

Reference:

1 Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks, Thiagarajan Viswanathan,

Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, 2007.

2 An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking, Keshav S, Addison Wesley,

1998.

3 Telecommunication Switching & Networks (2nd Edition), P. Gnanasivam, New Age

International publishers.

4 Telecommunications Switching, Traffic and Networks, J. E. Flood, Pearson

Education- 2006.

5 Electronic switching, Sapna Katiyar, S. K. Kataria & Sons .

6 Telecommunication & Computer (3rd Edition), Martin, PHI.

7 Digital Telephony, John C Bellamy, John Wiley (International Student Edition

ECE-519T (SELECTED TOPICS IN COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

Unit 1: Background and quick review of wireless channels: propagation losses, multipath

propagation, time-variant channels, Time domain equalization (MLSE, DFE,

other linear equalization techniques), Frequency domain equalization

Orthogonality and interference in communication systems.

Unit 2: Multicarrier systems and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM):

Introduction to OFDM and Multi-carrier Modulation, OFDM system model,

OFDM system design issues, Advantages of OFDM, Applications of OFDM,

Critical Problems in OFDM: OFDM impairments and their effects in the system,

and handling these impairments.

Unit 3: Coherent and Differential Detection of OFDM Signals: Coherent Detection-

two dimensional channel estimators, one dimensional channel estimators, special

training symbols, and decision directed channel estimator. Differential Detection-

Differential Detection in time domain and Differential Detection in frequency

domain.

Unit 4: The peak power problem in OFDM Systems: Introduction, distribution of

peak to average power ratio, PAP reduction schemes- clipping and peak

windowing, PAP reduction codes.

Unit5: OFDMA: Introduction, OFDMA versus SC-FDMA, Multicarrier CDMA,

Interference in OFDM (A) – self interference, narrowband interference, co-

channel interference, adjacent channel interference, inter-modulation products,

Scheduling in OFDMA. OFDM based standards (LTE, WiMAX, WiFi, 802.22,

multiband UWB).

References: 1. Richard van and Ramjee Prasad - OFDM for wireless multimedia communications,

Artech House Boston, Londan.

2. Marc Engels - Wireless OFDM systems (How to make them work?), Kluwer

Academic Press.

3. Ahmad R. S. Bahai, B. R. Saltzberg, and Mustafa Ergen - Multi-carrier Digital

Communications (Theory and Applications of OFDM), Springer.

4. L. J. Cimini, “Analysis and simulation of a digital mobile channel using orthogonal

frequency division multiplexing,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-33, pp. 665–

675, July 1985.

5. M. Russell and G. L. Stuber, “Interchannel interference analysis of OFDM in a

mobile environment,” in IEEE 45th Vehicular Technology Conf., July 1995, 1996,

pp. 820–824.

ECE-521T (STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING)

UNIT 1: Random Processes

Introduction, Random variables, Averages, Joint distributions, Joint moments,

Correlation, covariance, Linear Mean Square Estimation, Parameter Estimation, Random

Processes, Gaussian Processes , stationary Processes, Autocorrelation and Auto

Covariance matrices, Ergodicity, Filtering Random processes, Spectral Factorization,

MA, AR and ARMA Processes, Harmonic Processes

UNIT 2: Signal Modeling

Least Squares, Pade approximation and Prony’s methods, Finite data records,

Autocorrelation and Covariance methods, Stochastic models, Levinson-Durbin

Algorithm

UNIT 3: Wiener and Kalman Filtering

The Wiener filter, filtering , linear prediction, noise cancellation. Lattice structure for FIR

Wiener filter, causal and non causal IIR Wiener filters, Kalman filters. Wold’s

decomposition

UNIT 4: Spectrum Estimation

Non parametric methods and their performance comparison, minimum variance spectrum

estimation, the maximum entropy method, frequency estimation, principal components

spectrum estimation

References:

Monson H Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modelling Wiley

T.Chonavel, Statistical Signal Processing,Springer

ECE-523T (NEURO FUZZY SYSTEMS)

Unit I:

Introduction to Neural Networks Introduction: The Human Brain and Biological Neuron, Artificial Neuron Models, Types of

Neuron Activation Function, ANN Architectures Characteristics of ANN, Mc Culloch-Pitts

Model, Historical Developments, Potential Applications of ANN.

UNIT 2

Essentials of Artificial Neural Networks: Classification Taxonomy of ANN – Connectivity, Learning Strategy (Supervised,

Unsupervised, Reinforcement), Learning Rules. Back Propagation Algorithm

Feed Forward Neural Networks: Single Layer and Multilayer. Radial Basis function

networks(RBFN), Self organizing feature map.

Unit-3

Introduction to Fuzzy Systems:

Introduction: Fuzzy and Neurofuzzy system and their merits. Introduction to Architecture of a

fuzzy system. Fuzzzification Rule Base, Inference engine, Defuzzification.

Fuzzy Mathematics: Fuzzy sets & operation of fuzzy sets. Properties of fuzzy sets. Fuzzy

relations. Fuzzy graphs & Fuzzy Arithmetic.

Unit-4

Architecture & Design Issues

Fuzzification. Fuzzy Rule based Models. Implication process, Defuzzification Techniques.

Fuzzy Logic in Control Applications: Selection of Design Methodology, Technical Design

objectives, Mamdani & Sugeno – Takagi Architectures.

Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference Systems (ANFIS), Functional equivalence between

RBFN and FIS

REFERENCES:

1. S. Rajasekharan and G. A. Vijayalakshmi pai, “Neural Networks, Fuzzy logic, Genetic

algorithms: synthesis and applications”, PHI Publication, 2004.

2. Simon Haykin, “Neural Networks- A comprehensive foundation”, Pearson Education,

2001.

3. KLIR & YAUN : Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic, Prentice Hall of India

4. Jang, Sun, Mizutani, “ Neuro- Fuzzy and soft computing”, PHI.

5. T.J.Ross,” Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications”, McGraw Hill.

ECE-525T (SATELLITE AND SPACE COMMUNICATION)

Unit-1, Introduction: Satellite communication, Brief History.

Orbits of satellite: Low, medium and Geo synchronous main characteristics, Angle

period, Returning period, Angle of Evaluation, Propagation Delay, Orbital Spacing.

Unit-2, Satellite Links: Delay transponders, Earth Stations, Antennas and Earth

coverage, Altitude and eclipses.

Earth space propagation effects: Frequency window, Free space loss, Atmospheric

absorption, Rainfall Attenuation, Lonospheric scintillation, Telemetry, Tracking and

command of satellites.

Unit-3, Detection: QPSK offset QPSK and MSK. Coherent and non-coherent detection,

Error rate performance.

Unit-4, Synchronization: Principle and techniques, Multiple Access Techniques,

FDMA, SPADE system, TDMA system, concept and configuration, system timing

frames format, SSMA-Basu Principles, VSAT, Random access, space communication,

link design description of operational in TELSAT and INSAT system.

REFERENCES:

1. J. Martin: Communication Satellite System ,PH Englewood.

2. D.C.Aggarwal :Satellite Communication,Khanna Publishers.

3. Tri Ha Digital Satellite Communication Tata Mc Graw Hill.

4. Harry and Vam Trees: Satellite Communication ,IEEE Proceedings, 1979.

ECE-527T (MULTI MEDIA SYSTEM)

Unit I : Concept of Multimedia, Emerging Application, Multimedia Systems and

Appliances. Distributed Multimedia System, Synchronization, Orchestration and QoS

Architecture standards.

Unit II : Digital audio representation and processing- Audio in computer applications, its

digital representation, transmission and digital processing ,speech recognition and

generation.

Digital Video and image Compression-Video and Image Compression Techniques and

standardization of algorithms, JPEG, MPEG , DVI Technology.

Unit III: Multimedia Information Systems-Workstation OS, New OS support, Real Time

Mach , Multimedia system service architecture, Media Stream Proocol, service and

window system, client control of continuous media, Hyperapplications. Multimedia

Information System, File System, Data Models.

Unit IV : Multimedia Comunication System-Public Network Services and N/W

Protocols, Quick time Movie File (QMF), Format, OMFI , MHEG, Format function Real

time Interchange , Track Model and Object Model Teleconferencing systems, Shared

Amlication Architectures, Embeded

Distributed Objects, Multimedia Conferencing Architecture, Architecture of Team

workstation.Multimedia and Internet .The internet, Client Server Technology ,

Communication Protocols, Internet Addressing ,WWW,HTML, Web Authoriting, Web

page browsers and development , bandwidth and applications considerations, Design

Considerations for Web pages , Accessing Content on internet.

References:

1. John F. Koegel Bufod: Multimedia Systems, Addison Wesley, Edition.

2. David Hillman: Multimedia Technology and application , Galgotia Publications

ECE-529T (DATA COMPRESSION)

UNIT 1

Introduction & Text Compression

Introduction: Brief history of data compression applications, Overview of information theory

and redundancy, Human audio - visual systems, Taxonomy of compression techniques. Overview

of source coding, source models, scalar quantization theory, rate distribution theory, vector

quantization. Evaluation techniques- error analysis and methodologies.

Text Compression: Compact techniques-Huffmann coding-arithmetic coding-Shannon-Fano

coding and dictionary techniques-LZW family algorithms. Entropy measures of performance-

Quality measures.

UNIT 2

Audio Compression Audio compression techniques, filtering, basic subband coding, application to speech coding,

G.722, application to audio coding, MPEG audio, progressive encoding for audio silence

compression.

UNIT 3

Image Compression Predictive techniques-PCM, DPCM, DM. Contour based compression- quad trees, EPIC, SPIHT,

Transform coding, JPEG, JPEG-2000

UNIT 4

Video Compression Video signal representation, Video compression techniques-MPEG, Motion estimation

techniques- H.261. Overview of Wavelet based compression and DVI technology, Motion video

compression.

Reference :

1. Mark Nelson, “Data compression book”, BPB Publishers, New Delhi,1998.

2. Peter D. Symes – “Video compression” , McGrawHill,1998.

3. N.Jayant – “Signal compression - coding of Speech, Audio, Text, Image and

Video”, world scientific, 1997.

4. Sayood Khaleed, “Introduction to data compression”, Morgan

Kauffman, London,1995

5. Watkinson, J. “Compression in video and audio”, Focal press, London. 1995

6. Jan Vozer, "Video compression for multimedia”, AP profes, NewYork, 1995

ECE- 531T (STATISTICAL MODELS)

Unit-1, Random Variables: Probability Bay’s rule, Distribution function, Discrete random vectors,

different distributions, jointly distributed random variables, order statistics, Distribution of sums,

expectations, moments, transform methods mean time to failure, Inequalities and limit theorems, Mixture

distribution, Conditional expectations, Imperfect fault coverage & reliability, Random Sums.

Unit-2, Stochastic Process: Classification Bernoulli process, Poisson process, Renewal Processes, available

analysis, Random incidence, Renewal model of program behavior.

Unit-3, MarkovChains: n-step transition probabilities, limiting distribution, Distribution of times between

state changes, Irreducible finite chains with a periodic states, The M/g/I, Queuing System Discrete

parameter, Birth Death Processes, Markov chains with absorbing states. Birth and death Processes, Non

Birth Death Processes.

Unit-4, Network of Queues: Open and close queuing networks, Non exponential service time distributions

and multiple job type, non-product form networks.

Correlation & Regression: Introduction, Least squares curve fitting. Coefficient of

determination, Confidence of intervals in linear regression, correlation analysis, Non-

linear regression, Analysis of variance.

REFERENCES:

1. K.S. Trivedi :Probability and Statistics, PHI.

2. Antonio Probability & Stochastic Processes

ECE-533T (COMPUTER NETWORKS)

Unit-I

Interconnections, packet switching, virtual circuits, internetworking, bridges, switches,

routers, gateways, address structure, area routing hierarchy, address classes, IPv6

Layered network architecture-OSI and TCP/IP reference models, data link layer-framing

and error detection, Retransmission algorithms

Unit-II

Carrier sensing-CSMA, slotted aloha, Pseudo-Bayesian stabilization for CSMA aloha,

CSMA un-slotted aloha, FCFS splitting algorithms for CSMA

Multiaccess reservations- Satellite reservation systems, LAN-CSMA/CD, Ethernet,

slotted CSMA/CD, unslotted CSMA/CD, High speed LAN-distributed queue dual bus

Unit-III

Routing, shortest path routing, distributed routing algorithms, optimal routing, Virtual

path routing-on demand routing, minimum interference routing, multiprotocol label

switching, routing of stream type sessions-quality of service routing, flow control-

window and credit schemes, rate based schemes

Unit-IV

Networks of queues- closed networks, open networks, estimating parameters, and

distributions, computational methods for queuing network solutions, Security issues in

Internet architecture

References 1. Bertsekas, Dimitri, Robert Gallager, “ Data Networks”, 2nd edition, Upper Saddle river,

NJ Prentice Hall

2.. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks. 4th Ed., Pearson Education Asia

ECE-502T (THEORY OF DETECTION AND ESTIMATION)

Unit-1 Estimation Theory: Bayesian Estimation-Minimum mean square-error(MMSE),

Linear MMSE, Hilbert Space for Random Variables, Minimum Probability of Error( (MAP);

Signals-Stationarity and Power Spectral Density, Weiner filter, Kalman filter.

Unit-2 Non-Bayesian Estimation-Sufficient Statistic, Bias, Minimum variance unbiased

estimator, Cramer-Rao bound, Maximum Likelihood, Efficient estimator.

Unit-3 Detection Theory: Non-Bayesian Detection-Hypothesis test, Neyman-Person lemma,

Likelihood ratio test, Kullback-Leibler divergence, Matched Filter, Sequential Test. Unit-4 Methods of dealing with Complexity-Expectation maximization, Hidden Markov

model, Graphical models.

Main Text: Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing- Estimation Theory (Vol. 1)

Steven M. Kay, Prenceton Hall, 1993.

REFERENCES:

1. Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing-Detection Theory (Vol.2) Steven M.

Kay, Prenceton Hall, 1998.

2. Linear Estimation-Kailath, Sayed, and Hassibi, Princeton Hall, 2002.

3. An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation H. Vincent Poor, 2nd edition,

Springer, 1998.

4. Elements of Information Theory Cover and Thomas, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 2006.

ECE-504T (SYSTEM MODELING AND SIMULATION)

UNIT-I:

Systems, models, simulation, discrete event simulation, steps in a simulation study,

review of random variables, stochastic processes, means, variance , correlation,

confidence intervals, hypothesis tests

UNIT-II:

Model validity and credibility, statistical procedures- inspection approach, confidence

approach, time series approach, selection of input probability distribution, continuous

distribution, discrete distribution, empirical distribution, assessing sample independence,

histograms, quantile summaries, estimation of parameters, goodness of fit tests,

multivariate distributions

UNIT-III:

Random numbers generators- linear congruential generators, composites generators,

testing random number generators- empirical tests, theoretical tests, generating random

variates-inverse transform, convolution, acceptance- rejection, generating- continuous

random variates, discrete random variates, random vectors, correlated random variates

and stochastic processes

UNIT-IV:

Simulation of queuing systems- Poisson arrival processes, exponential distribution,

service times, normal distribution, queuing disciplines, simulation of single and two

server queue application of queuing theory in computer systems, introduction to

simulation languages-GPSS, SIMSCRIPT

References

1. Averill M Law, " Simulation Modeling and Analysis" 4th Edition MGH

2. Jerry Banks, John S Carson, Barry L Nelson, David M Nicol, " Discrete-event system

simulation" 3rd Edition

ECE-510T (WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS)

Unit-I:

Introduction, data acquisition, classification, sensor platforms, standards, applications,

singlehop, multi-hop, design constraints, energy modeling, Distributed estimation,

multisensorestimation, estimation theory for wireless sensor networks

UNIT-II:,

Routing-challenges, flooding, gossip protocol, sensor protocol for information via

negotiation, SPIN-EC, hierarchical routing, LEACH, PEGASIS, TEEN, geographic

routing protocols-MECN, greedy forwarding, distance based blacklisting, PRR based

routing, PRADA

UNIT-III:

Data aggregation techniques-energy efficiency, network lifetime, data accuracy, flat

networks,hierarchical networks, cluster based networks, chain based data aggregation,

power efficient data gathering protocol for sensor information systems, tree based data

aggregation, energy aware data aggregation tree, grid based data aggregation, QoS aware

protocols, trade-offs in data aggregation protocols-capacity-energy tradeoff

UNIT-IV:

Localization: ranging techniques-received signal strength, time of arrival, time difference

arrival, angle of arrival, range based localization protocols-, triangulation, multilateration,

ad-hoc positioning system, range free localization-approximate point in triangualiton,

introduction to security issues in WSNs

References

1. W. Dargie, C. Poellabauer, " Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks: Theory and

practice",

2. I.F. Akyildiz, M.C. Vuran, " Wireless sensor networks",

ECE-512T (INFORMATION AND NETWORK SECURITY)

Information Security

Unit-1 Introduction to General security concepts, basic terminologies, issues, network

and security models. Symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, data encryption standard

(DES), international data encryption algorithm (IDEA), advanced encryption standard

(AES), Key management and Distribution, Random Number Generation, RSA

Algorithm, Diffie Hellman Key Exchange, Elliptic Curve Cryptography.

Unit-2 Message Authentication and Hash Functions: Authentication Requirements,

Authentication Functions, weak and strong authentication, Zero knowledge protocol,

Message Authentication Codes, Hash Functions, Security of Hash Functions and MACs,

Hash and MAC Algorithms, Message Digest Algorithm, Secure Hash Algorithm, Digital

Signatures.

Network Security

Unit-3 Security standards and protocols, Kerberos protocol: public key infrastructure

(PKI); security protocols for different network layers, secure IP protocol (IPsec), Secure

Socket Layer (SSL) and transport layer security (TLS), Protocols for E-Commerce.

Unit-4 Web and Email Security Important security issues with the Web (both the server

and the client sides), building and maintaining secure web sites.

Risks and issues associated with the uses of electronic email, privacy, message integrity

and authenticity, technologies for secure email systems, PEM (Privacy Enhanced Email),

S/MIME, PGP secure mail protocol. Wireless network Security, important security

issues of 802.11 standard, WEP protocol.

Unit-5 Security Systems and Management Issues, Security systems in the real world,

firewalls, security in software systems, main security features of some well-known

systems and their weaknesses. Security policies, management strategies and policies for

enterprise information security, management issues relevant to information security.

References:

1. Cryptography and Network Security by Behrouz A. Forouzan, TATA McGraw hill.

2. Charlie Kaufman, Radia Perlman, Mike Specincer: Network Security – private communication in

a public world, second edition, Prentice Hall, 2002.

3. Newman, Robert C: Enterprise Security, 2003/1st Ed., Prentice Hall.

4. Cryptography and Network Security, William Stalling, Prentice hall

ECE- 514T (AD-HOC NETWORKS)

Unit 1

Ad-Hoc Networks: Introduction, Origin of Ad-Hoc networks, Issues in Ad-Hoc wireless

networks, Application of Ad-Hoc wireless networks, Ad-Hoc wireless Internet.

Ad-Hoc MAC: Issues and challenges in designing a MAC protocol for mobile Ad-Hoc

networks, Design goals of MAC protocol, Classification of MAC protocols, MACAW,

Floor acquisition multiple access protocols, Media access with reduced handshake

protocol, Contention based protocols with reservation mechanisms: Distributed packet

reservation multiple access protocol, collision avoidance time allocation protocol, Five

phase reservation protocol, Multi channel MAC & power control MAC protocol.

Unit 2

Ad-Hoc Routing : Introduction , Issues in designing a routing protocol for Ad-Hoc

wireless networks, Classification of routing protocols : Table-driven routing protocols ,

Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP) ,

Cluster Switch Gateway Routing (CSGR) , Source-Initiated On-Demand Approaches ,

Ad-Hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) , Dynamic Source Routing (DSR)

,Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) , Signal Stability Routing (SSR) ,

Location-Aided Routing (LAR) , Power-Aware Routing (PAR) , Zone Routing Protocol

(ZRP).

Multicast Routing in Ad-Hoc Networks: Introduction , Issues in designing a multicast

routing protocol , Operation of multicast routing protocols , An architecture Reference

Model for multicast routing protocols , Classification of multicast routing protocols ,

Tree-based multicast routing protocols, Mesh-based multicast routing protocols ,

Summary of Tree-based and Mesh-based protocols , Energy-efficient multicasting ,

Multicasting with Quality of Service guarantees, Application-dependent multicast

routing, Comparison of multicast routing protocols.

Unit 3

Transport Layer: Introduction, Issues in designing a transport layer protocol for Ad hoc

wireless networks, Design goals of a transport layer protocol for Ad Hoc wireless

networks, Classification of transport layer solutions, TCP over Ad Hoc wireless

networks, Other transport layer protocols for Ad-Hoc wireless networks.

Security: Security in Ad hoc wireless networks, Network security requirements, Issues

& challenges in security provisioning, Network security attacks, Key management,

Secure routing in Ad hoc wireless networks.

Unit 4

QoS: Introduction, Issues and challenges in providing QoS in Ad-Hoc wireless networks,

Classification of QoS solutions, MAC layer solutions, network layer solutions.

Energy Management: Introduction , Need for energy management in Ad- Hoc wireless

networks , Classification of energy management schemes, Battery management schemes

, Transmission power management schemes, System power management schemes.

REFERENCE :

1. Ad hoc Wireless Networks – C. Siva Ram Murthy & B. S. Manoj, 2nd

Edition, Pearson Education, 2005.

2. Mobile Ad hoc Networking- Stefano Basagni, Wiley Interscience, IEEE

Press, 2004.

3. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks- George Aggelou, McGrawHill, 2004.

4. Ad-hoc Wireless Networks – Ozan K. Tonguz and Gianguigi Ferrari, John

Wiley, 2006.

5. Ad-hoc Wireless Networking – Xiuzhen Cheng, Xiao Hung, Ding-Zhu Du,

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

6. Ad-hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and Systems - C.K. Toh,

Prentice-Hall PTR, 2001.

7. Ad Hoc Networking -Charles E. Perkins , Addison Wesley, 2000.

ECE- 516T (MOBILE COMPUTING)

UNIT I: Introduction to Mobile Communications and Computing: Mobile Computing

(MC): Introduction to MC, novel applications, limitations, and architecture.

GSM: Mobile services, System architecture, Radio interface, Protocols, Localization and

calling, Handover, Security, and New data services.

UNIT II: (Wireless) Medium Access Control: Motivation for a specialized MAC

(Hidden and exposed terminals, near and far terminals), SDMA, FDMA, TDMA,

CDMA.

UNIT III: Mobile Network Layer: Mobile IP (Goals, assumptions, entities and

terminology, IP packet delivery, agent advertisement and discovery, registration,

tunnelling and encapsulation, optimizations), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

(DHCP).

UNIT IV: Mobile Transport Layer : Traditional TCP, Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP,

Mobile TCP, Fast retransmit/fast recovery, Transmission /time-out freezing, Selective

retransmission, Transaction oriented TCP.

UNIT V: V Database Issues: Hoarding techniques, caching invalidation mechanisms,

client server computing with adaptation, power-aware and context-aware computing,

transactional models, query processing, recovery, and quality of service issues. Data

Dissemination: Communications asymmetry, classification of new data delivery

mechanisms, push-based mechanisms, pull-based mechanisms, hybrid mechanisms,

selective tuning (indexing) techniques.

UNIT VI: Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs): Overview, Properties of a MANET,

spectrum of MANET applications, routing and various routing algorithms, security in

MANETs

UNIT VII Protocols and Tools: Wireless Application Protocol-WAP. (Introduction,

protocol architecture, and treatment of protocols of all layers), Bluetooth (User scenarios,

physical layer, MAC layer, networking, security, link management).

References:

1. Jochen Schiller, Mobile Communications, Addison-Wesley. second edition, 2004.

2. Stojmenovic and Cacute, Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing ,

Wiley, 2002, ISBN0471419028.

ECE- 518T (BIO-MEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING)

UNIT I: Introduction

Linear, stationary, normal - the stuff biology is not made of.

UNIT II: Linear systems

Impulse response, Discrete Fourier transform and z-transform, Convolution, Sampling

UNIT III: Random variables and stochastic processes

Random variables, Moments and Cumulants, Multivariate distributions, Statistical

independence and stochastic processes

UNIT IV: Examples of biomedical signal processing

Probabilistic estimation, Linear discriminants - detection of motor activity from MEG,

Harmonic analysis - estimation of heart rate in ECG, Auto-regressive model -

estimation of the spectrum of 'thoughts' in EEG, Matched and Wiener filter - filtering in

ultrasound, Independent components analysis - analysis of MEG signals

REFERENCES:

1. Eugene N. Bruce, Biomedical Signal Processing and Signal Modeling, John Wiley &

Sons,2000.

2. Steven Kay, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1998.

3. Monson H. Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling, John Wiley &

Sons,1996.

4. Iranpour, R. and Chacon, P., Basic Stochastic Processes: The Mark Kac

Lectures.MacMillan, 1988

ECE- 520T (SPEECH PROCESSING)

UNIT 1

Digital models for speech signals:

Mechanism of speech production & acoustic phonetics, the acoustic theory of speech

production, lossless tube models, and digital models for speech signals.

UNIT 2

Time Domain Models and Digital Representation of Speech: Time dependent processing of speech, short time energy and average magnitude, short

time average zero crossing rate, discrimination between speech& silence, pitch period

estimation using parallel processing, short time autocorrelation function & AMDF, pitch

period estimation using autocorrelation function, Median Smoothing and Speech

Processing. Sampling speech signals, Review of the statistical model for speech,

Instantaneous Quantization, Adaptive Quantization, General Theory of Differential

Quantization, DPCM, Direct Digital Code Conversion.

UNIT 3

Short Time Fourier analysis of Speech Signal:

Definition and properties, Design of digital filter banks, Implementation of filter bank

summation method using FFT, Spectrographic displays, Pitch detection, Analysis by

synthesis, Analysis-Synthesis systems.

UNIT 4

Homomorphic Speech processing and Linear Predictive Coding of Speech: Homomorphic systems for convolution, Complex cepstrum of speech, Pitch detection,

Formant estimation, The Homomorphic vocoder, Basic principles of linear predictive

analysis, Computation of the gain for the model, Solution of LPC equations,

Comparisons between the methods of solution of the LPC analysis equations, The

prediction error signal, Frequency domain interpretation of linear predictive analysis,

relation of linear predictive analysis to lossless tube models, Relations between the

various speech parameters, Synthesis of speech from linear predictive parameters,

application of LPC parameters.

References:

Digital Processing of Speech Signals by L.R. Rabiner and R.W. Schafer,Pearson

Discrete-Time Speech Signal Processing Principles and Practices by Thomas F. Quatieri,

Pearson

Chris Rowden: Speech Processing McGraw Hill

ECE- 522T (DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS AND APPLICATIONS)

Unit-1 SDP 56002: Architecture, CPU, ALU, Program Controller, Address

Generation Unit, Addressing Modes, Interrupt, Priority register.

Unit-2 DSP 56002 Instruction Set : Instruction Formats Parallel move operating

parallel move types, instructions set move arithmetic logic, bit manipulation, loop,

programme control instructions.

Unit-3 Applications: Designing and implementing FIR, IIR filters, implementing Fast

Fourier. Transforms with DSP 56002.

TMS – 320 Architecture, and Instruction Set. Introduction to Code Composer Studio

for developing its applications in Communications

Note: Eight questions will be set and the students will be asked to attempt any five

questions.

REFERENCES:

1. Mohammed EL. Sharkawy: Digital Signal Processor Applications with

Motorola’s DSP 56002. P.H. PTR.

2. Sen M. Kuo, Woon-Seng S. Gan, “Digital Signal Processors: Architectures,

Implementations, and Applications”, Pearson Education

ECE- 524T (ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING)

UNIT-I

Discrete random processes

Random variables, random processes, filtered random processes, Ensemble averages,

correlation, covariance, power spectrum, cross power spectrum, Ergodicity, time

averages, biased & unbiased estimators, consistent estimators.

Linear prediction

Direct form linear prediction filtering, Normal equations for linear prediction filtering.

Levinson algorithm, Linear prediction lattice filtering.

UNIT II

Digital Wiener filtering

Wiener smoothing and prediction filters, Application of Wiener smoothing to noise

cancelling. Application of Wiener prediction filters. Constrained, linear MMSE filtering,

minimum variance beam forming

Least mean squares adaptive filter

Frequency domain adaptive filters, Adaptive lattice filters

UNIT III

Orthogonalized adaptive filters Frequency domain adaptive filters

Adaptive lattice filters

Least squares adaptive filters

Godard algorithm Lattice

UNIT IV

Other adaptive filtering techniques

Neural networks and multi-layer perceptrons, Adaptive IIR filtering, The constant

modulus algorithm

Blind adaptive filtering

Cost functions. Higher-order statistics

References

[1] Fundamentals of Adaptive Filtering, Ali H. Sayed, John Wiley, 2003.

[2] Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing: Spectral Estimation, Signal Modeling,

Adaptive Filtering and Array Processing, D. Manolakis, V. Ingle, S. Kogan, McGraw

Hill, 1999.

[3] Adaptive Signal Processing, B. Widrow, S. Stearns, Prentice-Hall, 1985.

[4] Theory and Design of Adaptive Filters, J. Triechler, C. Johnson, M. Larimore

Prentice-Hall, 1995.

[5] Adaptive Filtering: Algorithms and Practical Implementation, P. Diniz, Kluwer, 1997

.

[6] Adaptive Filters: Structures, Algorithms and Applications, M. Honig, D.

Messerschmitt, Kluwer, 1984.

[7] Adaptive Signal Processing, L. Sibul, Ed., IEEE Press, 1987.

[8] Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, G. Box, G. Jenkins, Holden- Day,

1976.

[9] Time Series, D. Brillinger, Holt-Reinhart-Wilson, 1975.

[10] Signal Processing: The Modern Approach, J. Candy, McGraw Hill, 1988.

[11] Signal Processing: The Model Based Approach, J. Candy, McGraw Hill, 1986.

[12] Digital Spectral Analysis, S. Marple, Prentice-Hall, 1987.

[13] Blind Deconvolution, S. Haykin, ed., Prentice-Hall, 1994.

ECE- 526T (MODERN CODING THEORY)

Unit-1 Introduction, Coding: Trial and Error, Codes and Ensembles; Signal Detection: The

Gaussian Channel, MAP and ML Detection; Memory less Channels Channel Coding

Theorem: “Proof of Channel Coding Theorem”, Transmission at capacity with errors, The

Implication of the Channel Coding Theorem; Linear Codes and Complexity.

Unit-2 Important Block Codes: Introduction, Hadamard Codes, Reed-Muller Codes, Golay

Codes; Bounds on Codes: The Gilbert-Varshamov Bound, The Plotkin Bound, The Griesmer

Bound.

Unit-3 Convolutional Codes: Encoders-Catastrophic Encoders, Polynomial and Rational

Encoders, Constraint Length and Minimal encoders; Decoder- Introduction and Notation,

The Viterbi Algorithms; Trellis Encoders-Trellis Coded Modulation(TCM): Adding

Redundancy by Adding Signals, Background On Signal Constellations, examples-The

general ungerboeck Coding Framework; Decoding TCM Codes.

Unit-4 Iteratively Decoded Codes: Turbo Codes-Introduction, Encoding Parallel

Concatenated Codes, Decoding-The MAP Decoding Algorithm, Likelihood Ratio Decoding;

Low Density Parity-Check Codes-construction and Notation, Tanner Graphs, Transmission

through a Gaussian channel, Decoding LDPC Codes.

Unit-5 Space-Time Coding: Fading Channel and Space-Time Codes-Introduction; Fading

Channels-Rayleigh Fading; Diversity Transmission and Reception: The MIMO channel-The

Narrowband MIMO Channel, Diversity Performance with Maximal-Ratio Combining; Space

Time Block Codes-The Alamouti Code, A more General Formulation, Performance

Calculation-Real Orthogonal Design; Space-Time Trellis Codes.

REFERENCES:

1. Todd K. Moon: Error Correction Coding. WSE

2. T. Richardson and R. Urbanke: Modern Coding Theory.

ECE-528T (MIMO SYSTEMS)

UNIT 1

Introduction to multi antenna communications

Space time wireless channels for multi antenna systems, Overview of Diversity techniques of SIMO,

MISO and MIMO systems

Shannon’s capacity formula, Extended Capacity formula for MIMO channels, Capacity of SIMO-

MISO channels, Stochastic channels, MIMO capacity with Rice and Rayleigh channels.

UNIT 2

Introduction to Space time coding

Introduction, MIMO System and space time coding: Methodologies and diversity. Space time block

codes: Alamouti’s transmit technique, Orthogonal space time block codes.

Space time trellis codes: Encoding and decoding, Performance analysis and code design. Spatial

Multiplexing: V-Blast Algorithm. Space time coding with CSI knowledge, no CSI knowledge and

partial CSI knowledge at the transmitter.

UNIT 3

Feedback Techniques and Antenna Selection in MIMO Systems

Feedback Techniques :Introduction, Limited feedback MIMO: System Description, channel

quantization , quantized signal adaptation, Quantized signal Adaptation algorithms: Beamforming

example, precoded orthogonal space time block codes, precoded spatial multiplexing. Feedback in

broadband channels with MIMO-OFDM

Antenna Selection: Implementing Antenna Selection: Criteria and Algorithms, Performance with

non- idealities. Antenna selection with spatial correlation

UNIT 4

Real Time MIMO OFDM Signal Processing and General Issues

Implementation Concept, Channel Estimation, Adaptation to time variant channel, Data

Reconstruction. Framing, mapping, channel coding, and real time data interface. Implementation,

Complexity and system integration.

Issues: Network planning: Introduction to network planning. Coverage and capacity enhancement

methods. Base stations with downlink transmit diversity and beamforming. Deployment. Smart

Antenna Planning Example.

REFERENCES:

1. George Tsoulos,” MIMO System Technology for wireless communications”,Taylor &

Francis Group.

2. Claude Oestges & Bruno Clerckx,” MIMO wireless communications: from real world

propagation to space time coding design”, Elsevier

3. Volker Kuhn,” wWreless Communication over MIMO Chaneels”, John Wiley.

ECE-530T (DIGITAL FILTER DESIGN)

UNIT 1

Analog Filter Approximations for Recursive Filters: Introduction, Basic Concepts,

Butterworth Approximation, Chebyshev Approximation, Elliptic Approximation, Bessel

Approximation, Transformations, Realizability Constraints, Invariant Impulse Response

Method, Modified Invariant Impulse Response Method, Matched z-Transformation

Method, Bilinear Transformation Method, Digital Filter Transformations.

UNIT 2

Recursive Filters Satisfying Prescribed Specifications: Introduction, Design

Procedure, Design Formulas, Design using the Formulas and Tables, Constant Group

Delay, Amplitude Equalization.

UNIT 3

Design of Nonrecursive Filters: Introduction, Properties of Nonrecursive Filters, Design

using the Fourier series, Use of Window Functions, Design Based on Numerical-Analysis

Formulas, Comparison between Recursive and Nonrecursive Designs.

UNIT 4

Design of Recursive and Nonrecursive Filters Using Optimization Methods:

Introduction, Problem Formulation, Newton’s Method, Quasi-Newton Algorithms,

Minimax Algorithms, Improved Minimax Algorithms, Design of Recursive Filters,

Design of Recursive Delay Equalizers, Remez Exchange Algorithm, Improved Search

Methods, Efficient Remez Exchange Algorithm, Gradient Information, Prescribed

Specifications, Generalization, Digital Differentiators, Arbitrary Amplitude Responses,

Multiband Filters.

References:

1. Digital Filters Analysis, Design and Applications by Andreas Antoniou.

2. Roman Kuc: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing. MGH

3. JG Proakis: Digital Signal Processing PHI.

4. Oppenheim Schafer: Discrete Time Signal Processing. PHI

5. Simon Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, PTH

ECE- 532T (DIGITAL VIDEO PROCESSING) UNIT 1: Image and Video Processing

Introduction to Digital Image and Video Processing, Basic Image processing techniques,

Basic Tools for Image Fourier Analysis. Basic Linear Filtering with Application to Image

Enhancement, Nonlinear Filtering for Image Analysis and Enhancement, Morphological

Filtering for Image Enhancement and Feature Detection, Wavelet Denoising for Image

Enhancement, Basic Methods for Image Restoration and Identification, Multi-Frame

Image Restoration, Motion Detection and Estimation, Video Enhancement and

Restoration, Local and Global Stereo Methods, Image Sequence Stabilization,

Mosaicking, and Super resolution.

UNIT 2: Image and Video Analysis

Computational Models of Early Human Vision, Multiscale Image Decompositions and

Wavelets, Random Field Models, Image Noise Models, Statistical Methods for Image

Segmentation, Video Segmentation, 2D and 3D Motion Tracking in Digital Video, Adaptive and Neural Methods for Image Segmentation,.

UNIT 3: Video Compression and Acquisition

Basic Concepts and Techniques of Video Coding and the H.261 Standard, Interframe

Subband/Wavelet Scalable Video Coding, Digital Video Transcoding, MPEG-1 and

MPEG-2 Video Standards, MPEG-4, H.264/AVC, and MPEG-7: New Standards for the

Digital Video Industry, Embedded Video Codecs, Image Scanning, Sampling, and

Interpolation, Video Sampling and Interpolation.

UNIT 4: Video Assessment, Communication and Retrieval

Image Quantization, Halftoning, and Printing, Perceptual Criteria for Image Quality

Evaluation, Various Approaches to Image Quality Assessment, Video Indexing and

Retrieval, Video Communication Networks, Joint Source-Channel Coding for Video

Communications, Visual Cryptography, Applications.

Reference:

1. Handbook of Image and Video Processing (Second Edition) Edited by: Al

Bovik ISBN: 978-0-12-119792-6, 2nd edition, Elsevier 2005.

2. The Image Processing Handbook, Sixth Edition by: John C. Russ, CRC press,

2011.

3. Handbook of Color Image Processing methods and applications By: Rastislav

Lukac, Konstantinos N. Plataniotis, CRC Press, 2007.

http://www.amazon.com/Digital-Video-Processing-Murat-Tekalp/dp/0131900757

ECE-534T (RESEARCH METHODOLOGY)

Research Methodology: Introduction, Meaning, Objectives, Motivation,

Significance, research Process

Research Design: Introduction, need and types

Methods of scientific research: Qualitative research, Quantitative research, Desk

research

Research as an Engineering pursuit; validation of results

Data collection methods, approaches to data collection, data collection tools,

Interpretation of statistical analysis: basic statistics, normal distribution and

estimation

On-line literature searching and document retrieval

Outline of problem solving, creative thinking, theory and practice, creative-

thinking

techniques

Scheduling, organization and procrastination, keeping a schedule, tools of time

management: rules of time management, setting assessing and achieving goals

Review of techniques for managing stress, Oral communication: voice production,

performance anxiety, informative speech, audio- visual materials,

Ethics in research, intellectual property rights.

Writing a research proposal and research paper; process of reporting

Referencing and standard report formats

Reference:

1. Anthony M. Graziano, Michael L. Raulin, “Research Methods”, Amazon.com

2. C.R. Kothari, “Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques”, New Age

International

3. Wayne Goddard and Stuart Melville, “Research Methodology: An Introduction”,

JUTA