Master of Arts in Sanskritegyanagar.osou.ac.in/slmfiles/MASK-01-Block-02.pdf · Master of Arts in...

Master of Arts in Sanskrit

(MASK)

MSK-01

Vedic Language and Literature

Block -02

Hymns from the Yajurveda and

Atharvaveda

UNIT- 1 YAJURVEDA-PURUSA SUKTA

UNIT-2 ATHARVA VEDA

UNIT-3 ATHARVA VEDA-PRTHVI SUKTA

UNIT-4 ATHARVA VEDA: RASTRABHIVARDHANAM SUKTA & KALA SUKTA

MASK PROGRAMME

EXPERTS COMMITTEE

Prof. Prafulla Kumar Mishra, Former Vice-Chancellor, North Odisha University

Prof. Gopal Krishna Dash, Retd. Prof. ,Utkal University

Prof. Prativa Manjari Rath ,Retd. Prof, Utkal University

Dr. Madhusudan Mishra, Associate Prof. , BJB Auto. College, BBSR

Dr. Subash Chandra Dash , Associate Prof. , Utkal University

Dr. Kadambini Dash , Reader in Sanskrit, SB Women’s College, Cuttack

Dr. Narayana Prasad Dash ,Retd. Reader in Sanskrit , S.V.M Autonomous College , Jagatsinghpur

Dr. Paramba Shree Yogamaya, Assistant Prof. , Shri Jagannath Sanskrit Vishvavidyalaya, Puri

Mr. Pratap Kumar Meher , Academic Consultant , Odisha State Open University

CONVENOR

Dr. Dillip Kumar Nayak , Reader in Odia ,

Former Officer in Charge, Regional Centre, B.J.B Auto. College Bhubaneswar

COURSE WRITER

Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Mohapatra, Lecturer in Sanskrit, Rajdhani College, BBSR

COURSE EDITOR

Prof. Sachidananda Mohapatra , G.M University , Sambalpur

PROGRAMME COORDINATOR

Dr. SareetaPujari , Senior Academic Consultant, OSOU , Sambalpur

Mr. Pratap Kumar Meher , Academic Consultant , Sanskrit , OSOU, Sambalpur

MATERIAL PRODUCTION

Dr. Manas Ranjan Pujari

Registrar

Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur

(cc) OSOU, 2020. Hymns from the Yajurveda and Atharvaveda is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-sa/4.0

Printed by :

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Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur 1

UNIT – I YAJURVEDA – PURUSASUKTA

1.1. Learning Objectives.

1.2. General Introduction on Yajurveda.

1.3. Sukla Yajurveda.

1.3.1. Sakha of Sukla Yajurveda Samhita.

1.3.1. a - Kanva Samhita

1.3.1. b – Madhyandina Samhita

1.4. Subject-matter of Sukla Yajurveda.

1.4.1. Chapters of Sukla Yajurveda.

1.5. Significance of PURUSA SUKTA.

1.6. Text: Mantras of Purusasukta.

1.6.a- Introduction.

1.6.b – Mantra-vyakhya.

Rsi/ Chandas/ Devata/ Viniyoga of Mantras.

1.7. TEXT: Additional Commentaries of Uvata &Mahidhara

1.8. Model Question.

1.8. Further Reading.

1.1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

This Book enables the learners to know ---

About the Importance and Application of Yajurveda in general.

About the Contents of Yajurveda.

About the Significance of Purusasukta & the Primeval Giant, the

‘Purusa’.

About the Meanings of each & every Mantra of Purusasukta.

About the Origin & Evolution of the Earth and its Creation.


1.2. General Introduction to Yajurveda :

Yajurveda Samhita : The Yajurveda is colloection of yajus or sacrificial

formulae and mainly deals with Vedic rituals sacrifices and the role of

rituals in life. The yajus are defined as aniyataksaravasano yajus, or

gadyatmako yajuh or wese yajuh sabdah all of which refer to the unique

character of Yajurveda as consistig of prosaic portions.

According to Watapatha Brahmana the Yajurveda has two prominent

schools (i) Brahma sampadaya and (ii) Aditya sampradaya. The Wukla-

Yajurveda is the representative of Adityasampradaya, and the Krsna-

Yajurveda is the representative of Brahma sampradaya.

The division of Yajurveda into two as Wukla and Krsna is due to the

compilation. While in Krsna-Yajurveda the mantras are along with the

Brahmana portion, Wukla-Yajurveda contains only the mantras; hence the

title Krsna, meaning mixture (of mantra and Brahmana).

There is however, a Puranic story regarding the division of Yajurveda. This

story is available in the introduction to Mahidhara-Bhasya on Wukla-

Yajurveda’s Madhyandina Samhita. In the beginning, Satyavati’s son

Parawara Vyasa compiled the Vedic corpus and divided it into four sections

— Rk, Yajus, Sama and Atharva, and taught them to Paila, Vaiwampayana,

Jaimini and Sumantu. Vaisampayana taught Yajurveda to Yajbavalkya and

others. Once for some reason, Vaiwampayana was displeased with

Yajbavalkya and ordered him to return the Veda taught by him. As per the

order of his guru, Yajbavalkya by his yogic power gave a form to his

knowledge and threw up. The other disciples of Vaiwampayana took the

form of Titiri birds and swallowed it. Since then, those yajus mantras are

known as Krsna-Yajurveda. On the other hand, Yajbavalkya performed

deep penance and pleased Lord Sun. Satisfied with his penance; Lord Sun

took the form of vaji (horse) and taught him yajus during non


(madhyahna). Thus, the yajus received from Aditya was known as Wukla -

Yajus. Having received it during noon, it was known as Madhyandina, and

since taught by Aditya in the form of vaji, Vajasaneyi, Sayanacarya has

also accepted this contention. This is validated in Watapatha Brahmana.

Out of 101 wakhas of Yajurveda as declared by Patabjali, only six wakhas

are available now. The Wukla-Yajurveda has two extant wakhas, (a) Kanva

-Sakha and (b) Madhyandina-Sakha out of fifteen (i) Kanva, (ii)

Madhyandina, (iii) Sabiya, (iv) Sthapayaniya, (v) Kasara, (vi)

Paundaravasta, (vii) Avantika, (viii) Paramavatika, (iv) Parawarya, (x)

Vaidheya, (xi) Vaineya, (xii) Audheya, (xiii) Vaijeya, (xiv) Galava, (xv)

wakhas . The Krsna-Yajurveda has four extant Wakhas as Taittiriya,

Kathaka, Kapisthala, and Maitrayani out of 86 wakhas. The Taittiriya

Samhita is the most popular among Krsna-yajurveda recensions.

1.3 Wukla - Yajurveda :

As stated above, there were 101 wakhas of Yajurveda, out of which Krsna-

Yajurveda had 86, and Wukla-Yajurveda had 15 wakhas as per

mahabhasyakara Patabjali. However, currently only four wakhas of Krsna

and two wakhas of Wukla are available.

1.3.1. SAKHA OF SUKLA YAJURVEDA SAMHITA.

As stated earlier, Wukla-Yajurveda is also known as Vajasaneyi Samhita.

In Waunaka’s Caranavyuha, Sayanacarya has given the names of the 15

wakhas — (i) Kanva, (ii) Madhyandina, (iii) Sabiya, (iv) Sthapayaniya, (v)

Kapala, (iv) Paundravatsa, (vii) Avatika, (viii) Paramavatika, (ix)

Parawarya, (x) Vaidheya, (xi) Vaineya, (xii) Audheya, (xiii) Galava, (xiv)

Vaijava, and (xv) Katyayaniya. The names do not exactly match with the

earlier list. Currently, only two wakhas of Wukla-Yajurveda are extant —

(i) Kanva - Sakha and (ii) Madhyandina-Sakha. These two Samhitas have


40 adhyayas each. Kanva and Madhyandina were the two principal

disciples.

1.3.1. A - KANVA SAMHITA

Kanva Samhita is popular in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Kanva Samhita

contains 40 adhyayas, 328 anuvakas, 2,086 mantras, with many repetitions

of texts. Kanva Samhita is specially adopted and revered by the Pancaratra

Agama system of worship in the temples. Kanva Samhita has been

published by ‘Anandavana’ of Chennai, and Audh in Maharashtra.

1.3.1. B- MADHYANDINA SAMHITA :

Madhyandina is popular mainly in the northern India. Its pronunciation s

audibly diffeent, i.e. sahasra-wirsa purusah is chanted as sahasra-wirkha

purukhah (sa-kha-yor abhedah) Madhyandina Samhita contains 1,975

mantras (111 mantras less tan Kanva Samhita).

1.4. SUBJECT-MATTER OF SUKLA YAJURVEDA.

An enumeration of the various topics that form the contents of Wukla-

yajurveda Samhita, or the Vajasaneyi Samhita Containing 40 adhyayas

(chapters) in both the recensions, will be useful as presenting an outline of

the entire srauta ritual.

1.4.1. CHAPTERS OF SUKLA YAJURVEDA.

Chapters Topic

I. I-II.28 Darwa-Purnamasa (new and full-

moon sacrifices)

II.29-34 Pinda-Pitryajba (sacrifice to the manes)

III.1-8 Agnihotra and Punaradheya (establishment and

re-establishment of the fires)


III. 9-10 Agnihotra (fire-sacrifice) offered in the morning

and evening. III.35 Gayatri-mantra

III.11-43 Agnyupasthana (homage to the fires, usually

performed at the evening fire-service only)

III.44-63 Caturmasyani (four-month or seasonal sacrifices

to be offered once every four months, at the

beginning of each of the three seasons; spring,

rains, and autumn).

III.60 is the Maha-mrtyubjaya-mantra.

IV.1-VIII.23 Somayaga sacrifices in general, which, including

the animal sacrifice as a part of it, has many

varieties, the Agnistoma being the most typical of

them. Different varieties of Agnistomas are

described in this section.

IX.1-34 Vajapeya (draught of strength)

IX.35-X.30 Rajasuya

M.31-34 Caraka-Sautramani

XI-XVIII Agnicayana

XVI Wri Rudra-Prawna

XVIII Camaka Prawna

XIX-XXI Sautramani-Yajbavidhana

XXII-XXV, Awvamedha

and XXIX (XXII.9 — Gayatri-mantra)

XXVI-XXIX Khila-mantras

XXX Purusamedha (XXX.2 — Gayatri-mantra)

XXXI.1-22 Purusasuktam

XXXII Sarvamedha-yajba

XXXIII.55- Anarabhyadhita

XXXIV.1-6 Wiva-Samkalpa-Suktam Upanisad


XXXIV.34-40 Bhagyasuktam

XXV Pitrmedha

XXXVI- Pravargya-bhaga/Pravargya-agnikanda

XXXVIII XXXVI.3— is Gayatri-mantra

XXXIX All the 13 mantras relate to cremation.

XL Iwavasyopanisad

Wukla-Yajurveda Samhita-Bhasya and English Translation :

On Wukla-Yajurveda Madhyandina Samhita, we have an old bhasya by

Uvvata (eleventh century) and by Mahidhara (CE 1588). Mahidhara’s

Bhasaya is named Vedadipa. This bhasya is very lucid and simple and

has the incluence of Uvvata. SYVS with Uvvata and Mahidhara’s Bhasya

is published by MLBD and is available.

Sayana’s Bhasya is on Kanva Samhita.

ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF YAJURVEDA :

Vajasaneyi Samhita in Madhyandina and Kanva-Sakha with Mahidhara’s

Bhasya, edited by A. Weber, was reprinted in 1972, by the Chwkhamba

Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi.

R.T.H. Griffith has translated Yajurveda titled Hymns of the White

Yajurveda of Vajasaneyi-Samihita into English with a popular

commentary.

1.5. Significance of Purusa Suktam :

Purusa :the Person, embodied spirit, or Man personified as regarede as the

soul and original source of the universe, the personal and life-giving

principle in all animated beings, is said to have a thousand, that is,

innumerable, heads, eyes, and feet, as being one with all created life. In the


AV. version arms has been substituted for heads, to agree, apparently, with

the numbers of eyes and feet. A space ten fingers broad : The region of the

heart of man wherein the soul was supposed to reside. Although, s the

Universal Soul, Purusa pervades the universe, as the Individual Soul he is

enclosed in a space of narrow dimensions. Ch.AV.IV. 16.3 ‘The loins of

Varuna are both the oceans, and this small drop of water, too, contains

him; one of the recently discovered Logia or Sayings of Jesus is to the

same effect. ‘cleave the wood, and you will find me; lift the stone, and I

am there.’

1.6. TEXT: MANTRAS OF PURUSASUKTA.

1.6 A- AN INTRODUCTION.

The Purusa Sukta is philosophical by nature. It may be called as the Pantheistic

(सरवशवररवादः) Sukta. It consists of 16 mantras in total. This appears in the 90th sukta

of 10th Mandala of the Rgveda. In Yajurveda, all the sixteen Mantras have been

repeated, where the Viniyoga is Moksa (मोकषः). Mention of Purusa is also available

in the Pancavimsa Brahmana of Atharva Veda (19.6). In the 351 & 352 chapters

of ‘Moksa-Dharma-Parva’ of Mahabharata and in the Bhagavata Purana (2.5.35

– 2.6. 1-29). Purusa has been eulogized as the Cosmic Being. This Sukta is

significant as it mentions about the ‘Varnas’; though the word ‘Varna’ is not

used in the mantras of Purusa Sukta. The essence of Varna is mentioned in a

single mantra (12th mantra), where the four categories, namely, The

Brahmana(बराहमणः), The Rajanya(राजनयः), The Vaisya(रवशयः) and The Sudra(शदरः), are

being referred to. Among all the four Vedas, this is the only Mantra which

mentions about the classification of Varnas. According to Max Muller this is ‘a

corruption and a medieval or modern era insertion to the text’.

The Devata(दरवता) of this Sukta is Purusa, a Primeval Giant. The Rsi(ऋष ः) is

Narayana(नारायणः). The Metre(छनदस), used in the first 15 mantras, is

Anustubh(अनषटभ) and the 16th mantra is in Tristubh(षिषटभ) metre. In the traditional

rendering of the first mantra, the word ‘sahasrasirsa’ (सहसरशी ाा) is uttered as

‘sahasrasrirekha’(सहसरशरीरखा), which is typical to Yajurveda. The first hymn says


about His form. From second to fifth mantras Purusa is defined as all-pervading.

The rest of the Sukta says about the creation from the Virat, the Purusa.

1.6. B – MANTRA-VYAKHYA.

RSI, CHAND, DEVATA :

(&men$eMeer<ee& Fefle - <ees[Mee®®e&metkeÌleced ~ Heg©<ees osJelee ~ veeje³eCe $eÝef<eë ~

DevegägHed ívoë ~ Devl³ee ef$eägHed ~ cees#es efJeefve³eesieë )

meb.Hee. men$eMeer<ee& Heg©<eë menñee#eë menñeHeeled ~

me Yetefce efJeéelees Je=lJeel³eefleÿÎMee²§ueced ~~1~~

He.Hee. õ menñeçMeerCee& ~ Heg©<eë ~ menñeçDe#eë ~ menñeçHeeled ~

meë ~ Yetefceced ~ efJeéeleë ~ ce=lJee ~ Deefle ~ Deefleÿled ~ oMeçDe²§ueced ~~1~~

DevJe³e ö Heg©<eëmenñeMeer<ee& menñee#eë menñeHeeled ~ me Yetefceb efJeéeleë Je=lJee obMee²§ueced Deefle Deeflesdþled ~

MeyoeLe&õmenñeMeer<ee& = npeejeW efmej Jeeuee; Heg©<eë = Hejce Heg©<e; menñee#eë = npeeeW ves$eJeeuee; ñenñeHeeled =

npeejes HewjJeeuee; meë = Jen; Yetefceced = He=efLeJeer keÀes; efJeéeleë = ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes; Je=l³ee = J³eeHle keÀjkesÀ; Deefle

= DeefOekeÀ; Deefleÿled = efmLele nw; oMee²§ueced = oMe De*diegue HeefjceeCe ceW ~

GJeìYee<³e, cenerOej Yee<³e :

mebYee.ömeJe&ÒeeefCemeceef<ìªHees ye´ïeeC[osnes efJeje[eK³ees ³eë `Heg©<eë` meesç³eb `menñeMeer<ee&` ~

menñeMeyom³eesHeue#eCelJeeovevlewë efMejesefYe³eg&keÌleë mel³eLe&ë ~ ³eeefve meJe&ÒeeefCeveeb efMejeefme leeefve meJee&efCe leodosnevleë

HeeeflelJeeÊeoer³eev³esJesefve menñeMeer<e&lJeced ~ SJeb menñeeef#elJeb menñeHeeolJeb ®e ~ `me` H©©<eë Yetefceb

ye´ïeeC[ieesuekeÀªHeeb `efJeéeleë` meJe&leë `Je=l³ee` HeefjJes<ìîe `oMee²§ue` oMee²§efueHeefjefceleb osMeced `Del³eefleÿled`

Deefle¬eÀc³e J³eJeefmLeleë ~oMee²§ueefcel³egue#eCeced ~ye´ïeeC[eÜefnjefHe meJe&lees J³eeH³eeJeefmLele Fl³eLe&ë ~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö HetCe& Heg©<e npeejeW efmej Jeeuee, npeejeW ves$eJeeuee leLee npeejeW HewjJeeuee nw ~ Jen He=efLeJeer (Deeefo

mecHetCe& ye´ïeeC[) keÀes ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes J³eeHle keÀjkesÀ ome De²§ (HeefjceeCe ceW) DeefOekeÀ neskeÀj efmLele nw ~


ENGLISH TRANSLATION :

Purusa has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, a thousand feet.

Pervading earth on every side he fills a space ten fingers broad. [The

ceremony is continued and concluded. The Brahmana priest recites to the

assembled human victims the famous Purusa Hymn (verse 1.16), taken,

with transpositions and variations, from RV. X. 90 (AV. XIX. 6), which

celebrates the mystical immolation of Purusa, the origin of all creation, of

which the Purusamedha of Human Sacrifice is an emblematical

representation.]

efìHHeCeer ö menñeMeer<ee& ömenñeMeer<e&ved Meyo kesÀ Òe., S.Je. keÀe ªHe ~ ³eneb menñe Meyo DeveskeÀ kesÀ DeLe& ceW Òe³egkeÌle

nw ~ menñee#e-ye.Jeér.me.; DeHeJeeo ªHe ceW GÊejHeo keÀes GoeÊemJej ~ oMee²§uecedöoMee²§ue GHeue#eCe nw ~ Fme

ye´ïeeC[ ceW pees Yeer keÀesF& Jemleg nw Gmemes Heg©<e oMe De²§ue HeefjceeCe ceW DeefOekeÀ nw ~ Deefleÿledö mLee ìeefleefveJe=Êeew`,

ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je.; meJee&vegoeÊe ~

J³eekeÀjCeö

1. menÞeMeer<ee& - menñeb Meer<e&efCe ³em³e meë (yengJeérefn) ~

2. menñee#eë ö menñeced De#eerefCe ³em³e meë (yeJegJeérefn) ~

3. menñeHeeled ö menñeced Heeoeë ³em³e meë (yengJeérefn) ~

4. Je=lJee ö Je= + ÊeJee (lJee) ~

5. oMee²§ueced ö oMeeveeced De²§ueerveeb meceenejë (efÜiegmeceeme) ~

6. Deefleÿled ö mLee ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~

meb.Hee. Heg©<e SJesob meJe¥ ³eÓtleb ³e®Je YeJ³eced ~

Gleece=lelJem³esMeevees ³eoVes veeeflejesnefle ~~2~~

He.Hee. ö Heg©<eë ~ SJe ~ Foced ~ meJe&ced ~ ³eled ~ Yetleced ~ ³eled~ ®e ~ YeJ³eced ~

Gle ~ Dece=leçlJem³e ~ F&Meeveë ~ ³eled ~ DeVesve ~ Deefleçjesnefle ~~2~~


DevJe³e ö Fob meJe¥ ³eled Yetleb ³eled ®e YeJ³eb (leled) Heg©<eë SJe ~ (meë)

Dece=lelJem³e F&Meeveë Gle ³eled DeVesve Deeflejesnefle (lem³eeefHe) ~

MeyoeLe& ö Heg©<eë Hejce Heg©<e; SJe ner; Foced ³en; meJe&ced mecHetCe&; ³eled pees; Yetleced nes ®egkeÀe nw;

³eled ®ees; ®e Deesj; YeJ³eced nesves Jeeuee nw; Gle Deewj; Dece=lelJem³e DecejlJe keÀe; F&Meeveë mJeeceer;

³eled pees; DeVesve DeVe mes; Deeflejesnefle mece=× neslee nw ~

GJeì/cenerOejYee<ee ö

meb.Yee.ö `³eled Fob Jele&ceeveb peieled leled `meJe¥ `Heg©<e SJe` ~ `³eled ®e Yetleced` Deleerleb peieled `³e®®e` `YeJ³eb

YeefJe<³eppeieled leoefHe Heg©<e SJe ~ ³eLeeefmceved keÀuHes Jele&ceeveeë ÒeefCeosneë meJexçefHe efJejeìd Heg©<em³eeJe³eJeeë

leLewJeeleerleeieeefceveesjefHe keÀuHe³ees-ê&äJ³eefcel³eefYeÒee³eë ~ `Gle` DeefHe ®e `Dece=lelJem³e` osJelJem³e `F&Meeveë` mJeeceer ~

`³eled ³emceelkeÀejCeeled `DeVesve` ÒeeefCeveeb Yeesi³esveeVesve efveefceÊeYetlesve `Deeflejesnefle` mJekeÀer³eeb keÀejCeeJemLeeceefle¬eÀc³e

Heefjo=M³eceeveeb peieoJemLeeb ÒeeHveesefle lemceelÒeeefCeveeb keÀce&HeÀue-Yeesiee³e peieoJemLeemJeerkeÀejeVesob lem³e

JemleglJeefcel³eLe&ë~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö ³en meye, pees nes ie³ee nw leLee pees nesiee, Heg©<e ner nw ~ Dewej Jen DecejlJe keÀe mJeeceer nw leLee pees

DeVe mes mece=× neslee nw (GmekeÀe Yeer) ~


Purusa is in truth this All, what has been and what yet shall be;

Lord too, of immortality which waxes greater still by food.

[ The second line is variously explained. The meaning of the words seems

to be : he is lord of immortality or the immortal world of the Gods, which

grows greater by food, that is , by the sacrifical offerings of men.

According to Sayana: he is the lord or distributer of imortality because he

becomes the visible world in order that living beings may obtain the fruits

of their actions and gain moksa or final liberation from their bonds; ‘he is

also the lord of immortality; for he mounts beyond (his own condition) for

the food (of living beings).’ Wilson. Colebroke translates the line : ‘he is

that which grows by nourishment, and he is the distributer of immortality.’


Muir renders it by: ‘He is also the lord of immortality since by food he

expands.’ According to the paraphrase in the Bhagavata Purana, the

meaning of the last clause is; ‘since he has transcended mortal nutriment.’

Prof. Ludwig’s version is: ‘auch uber die unsterblichkeit gebietend, [daer,]

was durch speise ]ist,] weit berragt, ruling also over immortality, [since he]

far transcends what [exists] through food; but in his Commentary a

somewhat different explanation is given. ‘Ruling over immortality, he was

all that grows by food.’ Peterson.]

efìHHeCeer öF&Meeveë ö F&Me `Sée³es + Meeve®ed ~ Deeflejesnefle ö Deefle + ©n `ÒeeogYee&Jes, DeejesnCes` ueìd, Òe.Heg;

S.Je; ³eled Heo mes mecye× nesves kesÀ keÀejCe ef¬eÀ³eeHeo GoeÊe³egkeÌle nw ~ GHemeie& kesÀ meeLe GoeÊe³egkeÌle ef¬eÀ³ee keÀe meceeme

nesves Hej GHemeie& meJee&vegoeÊe neslee nw ~ DeVesveeeflejesnefle ö Fme ®eieled ceW pees keÀesF& ÒeeCeercee$e nw Jen DeVe mes ner ÒeJe=oo

neslee nw, FmeefueS Gmes `DeVeeo’ keÀne peelee nw ~ Jen ye´ïeeC[ªHeer Hegjer ceW efveJeeme keÀjvesJeeuee Hejceséej peneb

Dece=lelJe keÀe DeLee&led osJeeW keÀe Meemeve keÀjves Jeeuees nw, Jeneb DeVe mes ÒeJe=× nesves Jeeues ÒeefCecee$e keÀe Yeer MeemekeÀ nw ~

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. YeJ³eced - Yet + ³eled (³e) ~ F&Meeveë = F&Me + Meeve®ed ÒeLecee SkeÀJe®eve ~

2. Deeflejesnefle - Deefle ©nd + ueìd, ÒeLece Heg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~

meb.Hee. SleeJeevem³e ceefnceelees p³ee³eeB½e Heg©<eë ~

Heeoesçm³e efJeéee Yetleeefve ef$eHeeom³eece=leb efoefJe ~~3~~

He.Hee. ö SleeJeeved ~ Dem³e ~ ceefncee ~ Deleë ~ p³ee³eeved ~ ®e ~ Hegg©<eë ~

Heeoë ~ Dem³e ~ efJeéee ~ Yetleeefve ~ ef$eçHeeled ~ Dem³e ~ Dece=leced ~ efoefJe ~~3~~

DevJe³e öSleeJeeved Dem³e ceefncee, Deleë p³ee³eeved ®e Heg©<eë~ Dem³e Heeoë efJeéee Yetleeefve, Dem³e ef$eHeeled Dece=leb efoefJe~

MeyoeLe& ö SleeJeeved = Fleveer; Dem³e = GmekeÀer; ceefncee = Ssée³e&; Deleë = Gmemes Yeer; p³ee³eeved = ye{keÀj; ®e

= Deewj; Heg©<eë = Hejce Heg©<e; Heeoë = SkeÀ ®eewLeeF& DebMe; Dem³e = GmekeÀe; efJeéee = mecHetCe&&; Yetleeefve =

ÒeeCeer; ef$eHeeled = leerve ®elegLee¥Me; Dem³e = GmekeÀe; Dece=leced = Decej ueeskeÀ; efoefJe = ÐegueeskeÀ ceW~


meb.Yee. ö DeleerleeveeieleJeCe&ceeveªHeb peieod ³eeJeoefmle `SleeJeeved` meJeexçefHe `Dem³e` Heg©<em³e ceefncee

mJekeÀer³emeeceL³e&efJeMes<eë~ ve leg lem³e JeemleJemJeªHeced~ JeemleJemleg `Heg©<eë` `Deleë` ceefncveesçefHe `p³ee³eeved`

DeefleMe³esveeefOekeÀë ~ Sle®®eesYe³eb mHeäeref¬eÀ³eles ~ `Dem³e` Heg©<em³e `efJeéee`meJee&efCe `Yetleeefve` keÀeue$e³eJeleeaefve

ÒeefCepeeleeefve `Heeoë` ®elegLeXçMeë ~ `Dem³e` Heg©<em³e DeJeefMeäb `ef$eHeebled` mJeªHeced `Dece=leb`~ efJeveeMejefnleb meled efoefJe

ÐeesleveelcekesÀ mJeÒekeÀeMemJeªHes J³eJeefleÿle Fefle Mes<eë~ ³eÐeefHe `mel³eb %eevecevevleb ye´ïe` (lew.Dee.8.2; lew.G. 2.1)

Fl³eecveelem³e Hejye´ïeCe F³eÊeeYeeJeeled Heeo®elegä³eb efveªHeef³elegceMekeÌ³eb leLeeefHe peieefoob ye´ïemJeªHeeHes#e³eeuHeefceefle

efJeJeef#elelJeeled HeeolJeesHev³eemeë ~~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö Fleveer GmekeÀer ceefncee nw; Deewj Gmemes Yeer ye[e Heg©<e nw ~ GmekesÀ SkeÀ ®elegLee¥Me ceW mecHetCe& ueeskeÀ

nw; FmekeÀe leerve ®elegLee¥Me, pees Decej ueeskeÀ nw, Jen ÐegueeskeÀ ceW nw ~


So mighty i his grandeur; yea, greater than this is Purusa;

All creatures are one fourth of him, three fourths eternal life in heaven.

[Eternal life: amrtam: immortality, or the immortal Gods.]

efìHHeCeer ö SleeJeevem³e ö Jeso ceW ö Deeved Heoevle Jeeues Heo kesÀ yeeo ³eefo keÀesF& mJejeefo Heo Deelee ns lees

HetJe&Heoevleer³e ved keÀe ueesHe nes peelee nw leLee HetJe&Jeleer mJej meevegveeefmekeÀ nes peelee nw ~ efkeÀvleg ³eneb Ssmee veneR ngDee nw ~

³en metkeÌle HetJe&ceC[ueeW mes veJeerve nw Fmeefue³es ueesefkeÀkeÀ mebefOe efve³ece keÀe ³eneb DevegmejCe efJeKeeF& He[lee nw ~ Het©<eë ö

Heg©<e Heo kesÀ ÒeLece JeCe& keÀe oerIe& ªHe Yeer Jeso ceW efJeuelee nw ~ p³ee³eeved ö `Je=×` SJeb `ÒeMem³e` Heo keÀe F&³emegved

leLee Fÿved Òel³e³e kesÀ ³eesie ³es `p³ee` DeeosMe neslee nw pewmes Je=×öÒeMem³e + F&³ee megved = p³ee³eeved p³esÿ ~

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. SleeJeeved ö Sleled + JelegHed (Heled) ~

2. p³ee³eeved ö p³ee (ÒeMem³e ³ee ye=×) + F&³emegved ~

3. efJeéee efJeée Meyo, veHegbmekeÀefuebie ÒeLecee yengJe®eve keÀe JewefokeÀ ªHe ~ ueewefkeÀkeÀ mebmke=Àle ceW efJeéeeefve ªHe

yevelee nw ~


meb.Hee. ef$eHeeotOJe& GowlHeg©<eë Heeoesçm³esneYeJeled Hegveë ~

lelees efJe<Je* J³es¬eÀecelmeeMeveeveMeves DeefYe ~~4~~

He.Hee. ö $eçHeeled ~ TOJe&ë ~ Gled~ Ssled~ Heg©<eë~Heeoë~ Dem³e~ Fn~ DeYeJeled~ Hegveefjefle~~

leleë~ efJe<Je*d~ efJe~ De¬eÀeceled~ meeMeveeveMeves Fefle~ DeefYe ~~4~~

DevJe³e ö ef$eHeeled Heg©<eë TOJe&ë God Ssled; Dem³e Heeoë Hegveë Fn DeYeJeled ~ leleë efJe<Je*d meeMeveeveMeves DeefYe efJe

De¬eÀeceled ~

MeyoeLe& ö ef$eHeeled = leerve ®elegLee¥Me kesÀ meeLe; TOJe&ë = THej; Gled = THej; Ssled = ®eueeie³ee; Heg©<eë = Hejce

Heg©: Heeoë = SkeÀ ®elegLee¥Me; Dem³e = GmekeÀe; Fn = ³eneb; DeYeJeled = jn ie³ee; Hegveë = efHeÀj; leleë

= Gmemes; efJe<Je*d = ®eejeW lejHeÀ; efJe De¬eÀeceled = HewÀuee³ee; meeMeveeveMeves = Keeves Jeeues leLee ve Keeves

Jeeues; DeLee&led ®esleve leLee De®esleve; DeefYe = ®eejeW lejHeÀ ~

meb.Yee. ö ³eesç³eb èf$eHeeled Heg©<eë` mebmeejjefnlees ye´ïemJeªHeë meesç³eced `TOJe& `Towled`

Demceeo%eevekeÀe³ee&lmebmeeje×efnYet&leesç$el³ewYet&Ceoes<ewjmHe=ä GlkeÀ<exCe efmLeleJeeved~ lem³e `Dem³e` meesç³eb `Heeoë`

uesMeë meesç³eced Fn cee³ee³eeb `Hegveë DeYeJeled me=efsdìmebnejeY³eeb Hegveë Hegvejeie®íefle~ Dem³e meJe&m³e peieleë

HejceelceuesMelJeb YeieJeleeH³egÊkebÀced öèfJeäY³eenefceob ke=ÀlmveceskeÀebMesve efmLelees peieled (Ye.ieer.10.42) Fefle~

`leleë` cee³ee³eeceeiel³eevevlejb èfJe<Je*d` osJeceveg<³eefle³e&ieeefoªHesCe efJeefJeOeë meved `J³e¬eÀeceled J³eeHleJeeved~ efkebÀ

ke=ÀlJee `meeMeveeveMeves` DeefYeue#³e~ meeMeveb YeespeveeefoJ³eJenejesnHesleb pesleveb ÒeeefCepeeleced, DeveMeveb

leÜefnlece®esleveb efieefjveÐeeefokeÀced~ leogYe³eb ³eLee m³eeÊeLee mJe³ecesJe efJeefJeOees YetlJee J³eeHleJeeefvel³eLe&ë ~

efnvoer DevegJeeo öleerve- ®elegLee¥Me kesÀ meeLe Heg©<e THej ®euee ie³ee; efHeÀj Yeer SkeÀ®egLee¥Me ³eneR Hej jne ie³ee~ Fmemes

Gmeves DeHeves keÀes KeevesJeeues ®esleve leLee ve KeevesJeeues De®esleve (ÒeeefCe³eeW kesÀ ªHe ceW) meYeer ªHeeW ceW ®eejeW

lejHeÀ HewÀuee³ee ~


With three fourths Purusa rose up: one fourth of him again was here.

Thence he moved forth to every side over what eats not and what eats.


[Over what cats not and what eats; over animate and inanimate creation.

According to Sayana and Mahidhara, over both classes of created things,

those capable of enjoyment, that is, who can taste the reward and

punishment of good and evil actions, such as Gods, men, and lower

animals, and those who are incapable thereof, such as mountains and rivers

cetanam, or conscious, acetanam, or unconscious, creation]

efìHHeCeer ö Ssledö FCed `ieleew`, ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je.; Hegveë - Hegveë Heo keÀe jsHeÀ ³eefo mebefnlee Heeþ ceW mHeä veneR

efoKeeF& He[lee, efJemeie& ªHe ceW ner jnlee nw, lees GmekesÀ meeLe HeoHeeþ keÀjles mece³e FeflekeÀjCe neslee nw~

^¬eÀeceled ö ¬eÀce `HeeoefJe#esHes`; ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je.; meJee&vegoeÊe

meeMeveeveMeves ö ÜvÜ meceeme; Heoeveòleer³e SkeÀej efÜJe®eveevle nesves mes Òeie=ïe meb%ekeÀ nw, Fmeefue³es HeoHeeþ ceW

FeflekeÀjCe ngDee nw ~ ÜvÜ meceeme ceW HeoeW kesÀ yeer®e HeoHeeþ ceW DeJeûen veneR Deelee ~

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. Gowled ö Gled +F, ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~

2. J³e¬eÀeceled - efJe +¬eÀced, ue*d, ceO³eceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~

3. meeMeveeMeves - DeMed È³egì; DeMevesve meefnleced meeMeveced, DeMevesve jefnleced DeveMeveced, meeMeveced ®e DeveMeveced,

®esefle (ÜvÜ meceeme) ~

meb.Hee.ö lemceeefÜjeUpee³ele efJejepees DeefOe Het©<eë ~

me peelees Del³eefj®³ele He½eeÓtefceceLees Hegjë ~~5~~

He.Hee. ö lemceelet~ efJeçjeod~ Depee³ele~ efJeçjepeë~ DeefOe~ Heg©<eë ~~

meë~ peeleë~ Deefle~ Deefj®³ele~ He½eeled~ Yetefceced~ DeLees Fefle~ Hegjë ~~5~~

DevJe³e ö lemceeled efJeje*d Depee³ele, efJejepeë DeefOe Heg©<eë (Depee³ele)~

meë peeleë (SJe) Deefle Deefj®³ele; He½eeled Yetefceced DeLees Hegjë (memepe&)~


MeyoeLe&ö lemceeled + Gme ®elegLee&Me mes; efJejeìd + Hejce Heg©<e mes GlHeVe ÒeLece leÊJe; Depee³ele + GlHeVe ngDee;

efJejepeë + efJejeìd veecekeÀ ÒeLece leÊJe mes; DeefOe + Jeeo ceW; Heg©<eë + peerJeelcee kesÀ ªHe ceW Heg©<e; meë +

Jen; peeleë + GlHeVe nesles ner; Deefle Deefj®³ele + (osJe ceveg<³e Deeefo ªHe ceW efJejeì mes) Deueie keÀj efue³ee;

He½eeled + FmekesÀ yeeo; Yetefceced + He=efLeJeer; DeLees + FmekesÀ yeeo; Hegjë + peerJelcee kesÀ efue³es Mejerj ~

meb.Yee. öefJe<Je*d J³e¬eÀeceefoefle ³eogkeÌleb leosJee$e ÒeHeáed³eles ~ `lemceeled DeeefoHeg©<eeled èfJejeìd` ye´ïeeC[osnë

`Depee³eleë GlHevleë ~ efJeefJeOeeefve jepevles Jemletv³e$esefle efJejeìd~ èfJejepeesçefOe` efJeje[dosnm³eesHeefj lecesJe

osnceefOekeÀjCeb ke=ÀlJee `Heg©<eë` leodosne-efYeceeveer keÀef½eled Hegceeved Depee³ele~ meesç³eb meJe&JesoevleJesÐeë Hejceelcee

mJe³ecesJe mJekeÀer³e³ee cee³e³ee efJeje[dosnb ye´ïeeC[ªHeb me=ädJee le$e peerJeªHesCe ÒeefJeM³e ye´ïeeC[efYeceeveer

osJeleelcee peerJesçYeJeled~ Sle®®eeLeJe&efCekeÀe GÊejleeHeveer³es efJemHeäceeceveefvleö `me Jee S<e Yetleeveerefvê³eeefCe

efJejepeb osJeleeë keÀesMeeb½e me=ädJee ÒeefJeM³eecet{es cet{ SJe J³eJenjVeemles cee³e³ewJe` (ve=.lee. 2.1.9) Fefle ~ me

peeleë efJejeìd Heg©<eë peerJeelcee `Del³eefj®³ele` DeefleefjkeÌleesçYetled~ efJeje[dJ³eeefleefjkeÌlees

osJeefle³e&[dceveg<³eeefoªHeesçYetled ~ `HeM®eeled osJeeefopeerJeYeeJeeotOJe& Yetefceb memepeexefle Mes<eë ~ `DeLees

Yetefceme=äsjvevlejb les<eeb peerJeeveeb `Hegjë` Fmepe¥ ~ Het³e&vles meHleefYeOee&legefYeefjefle Hegjë MejerjeefCe ~~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö Gme (®elegLee¥Me) mes efJejeìd GHleVe ngDee; efJejeìd mes (peerJeelcee kesÀªHeceW) Heg©<e (GlHeVe

ngDee); GlHeVe nesles ner Gmeves (DeHeves keÀes osJe ceveg<³e Deeefo ªHeeW ceW efJejeìd) mes Deueie keÀj efue³ee ~ FmekesÀ

yeeo He=efLeJeer keÀes (GlHeVe efkeÀ³ee); FmekesÀ yeeo (peerJeelcee kesÀ efueS) Mejerj (keÀe efvecee&Ce efkeÀ³ee)~

efìHHeCeer ö efJejeìd ö efJejeìme=efä Òeef¬eÀ³ee keÀer Gme DeJemLee keÀe met®ekeÀ nw peye m$eer-Heg©<e oesveeW leÊJe efceefÞele Les ~

De®ee³eledö pee `peveves Deelceves; ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je., meJee&vetoeÊe ~ Deefj®³eleö efj®ed èfJe³eespevemebHeke&À³eesë`

keÀce&Jee®³e, Deelceves., ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je. ~ DeLeesö DeLe efveHeele kesÀ meeLe G keÀer mebefOe mes pees DeeskeÀej neslee

nw Jen Òeie=ïe neslee nw, HeoHeeþ ceW GmekesÀ meeLe FeflekeÀjCe neslee nw ~


From him Viraj was born; again Purusa from Viraj was born. When born,

he spread to west and east beyond the boundaries of earth.

[From him: or, from that, the ‘one-fourth’ mentioned in stanzas 3 and

4.Viraj, or, in the nominative fro, Viraj, is said to have come, in the form

of the mundane egg, from Adi-Purusa, the primeval Purusa, or presiding


Male or Spirit, ‘who then entered into this egg, which he animates as its

vital soul or divine principle.’ Or Viraj may, ‘be the female counterpart of

Purusa as Aditi of Daksa in X. 72. 4, 5.’ See Muir’s exhaustive Note on

this passage, O.S. Texts, V. pp. 369, 370; and Wallis, Cosmology of the

Rgveda,p.87]

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. efJejeìd - efJe +jeped + efkeÌJeHed; oes mJejeW kesÀ ceO³e ces efmLele [d keÀes ued nes ie³ee nw ~

2. Depee³ele - peved + ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~

3. Del³eefj®³ele -Deefle +efj®ed ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~

meb.Hee.- ³elHeg©<esCe nefJe<ee osJee ³e%ecelevJele ~

Jemevlees Dem³eemeeroep³eb ûeer<ce FOceë Mej×efJeë ~~6~~

He.Hee. ö ³eled~ Heg©<esCe~ nefJe<ee~ osJeeë~ ³e%eced~ DelevJele~~

Jemevleë~ Dem³e~ Deemeerled~ Deep³eced~ ûeer<ceë~ FOceë Mejled~ nefJeë~~6~~

DevJe³e öosJee ³eled Heg©<esCe nefJe<ee ³e%eced DelevJele~ Dem³e (³e%em³e) Deep³eb Jemevleë Deemeerled, FOceë ûeer<ceë

(Deemeerled), nefJeë (®e) Mejod (Deemeerled)~

MeyoeLe& - ³eled peye; Heg©<esCe Heg©<eªHe; nefJe<ee nefJeë mes; osJeeë osJeleeDeeW ves; ³e%eeced ³e%ekeÀes;

DelevJele mecHeVe efkeÀ³ee; Jemevleë Jemevle $eÝleg; Dem³e GmekeÀe; Deemeerled Lee; Deep³eced Ieer;

ûeer<ce ûeer<ce $eÝleg; FOceë FvOeve; Mejled Mejod $eÝleg; nefJeë nefJeê&J³e ~

meb.Yee.ö`³eled ³eoe HetJeexkeÌle¬eÀcesCewJe Mejerjs<etdlHeVes<eg melmeg `osJeeë` GÊejme=efäefme×d³eLe¥ yeeïeêJ³em³eeveglHeVelJesve

nefJejvlejemebYeJeeled Heg©<emJeªHecesJe cevemee nefJeädJesve mebkeÀuH³e `Heg©<esCe` Heg©<eeK³esve `nefJe<ee` ceevemeb

`³e%eced` `DevevJele` DevJeefleÿved, leoeveerced `Dem³e` ³e%em³e `Jemevleë` Jemevleleg&jsJe `Deep³eced` `Deep³eced`

`Deemeerled DeYetled ~ lecesJeep³elJesve mebkeÀefuHeleJevle Fl³eLe&ë~ SJeb `ûeer<ce` `FOceë` Deemeerled ~ lecesJesOcelJesve

mebkeÀefuHeleJevle Fl³eLe&ë~ leLee `MejOoefJeë` Deemeerled ~ leecesJe Hegjes[eMeeefonefJeädJesve mebkeÀefuHeleJevle Fl³eLe&ë~


HetJe¥ Heg©<em³e nefJeë meeceev³eªHelJesve mebkeÀuHeë~ Devevlejb Jemevleeoerveeceep³ee-efoefJeMes<eªHelJesve mebkeÀuHe Fefle

êäJ³eced ~~

efnvoer DevegJeeoö osJeleeDeeW ves peye Heg©<eªHe (ceeveme) nefJeê&J³e mes ³e%e efkeÀ³ee, (Gme mece³e) Jemevle ($eÝleg) Fme

(³e%e) keÀer Ieer Leer, ûeer<ce ($eÝleg ner) FmekeÀer meefceOee Leer Deewj Mejled ($eÝleg ner) FmekeÀer nefJeë Leer~

efìHHeCeer ö DelevJele - leveg `efJemleejs`, Deelceves, ue*d, Òe.Heg., S.Je.; ³eled Heo mes mecyevO nesves kesÀ keÀejCe ef¬eÀ³eeHeo

GoeÊe³egkeÌle ~ pe%ecedöFme cev$e ceW efpeme ³e%e keÀe GuuesKe efkeÀ³ee ie³ee nw Jen me=efä³e%e nw pees efvejvlej

ÒeJenceeve nw ~ Jemevle $eÝg Fme me=efä-³e%e keÀe Deep³e nw, ûeer<ce $eÝleg meefceOee nw leLee Mejod $eÝleg nefJeë êJ³e nw ~

Fmeer Meeéele ³e%e mes He=efLeJeer Hej efYeVe-efYeVe JevemHeefle³eeB leLee peerJe GlHeVe nesles jnles nQ ~


When Gods performed the samskara Purusa,Spring was the butter,

Autumn the oblation, Summer ws the wood.*

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. DelevJeled ö leved (efJemleej keÀjvee) ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~

meb.Hee. ö meb ³e%eb yeefn&ef<e Òeew#eved Heg©<eb peeleceûeleë ~

lesve osJee De³epevle meeO³ee $eÝ<e³e½e ³ees ~~7~~

He.Hee. ö leced ~ ³e%eced ~ yeefn&ef<e ~ Òe ~ Deew#eved ~ Heg©<eced ~ peeleced ~ Deûeleë ~~

lesve ~ osyeeë ~ De³epevle ~ meeO³eeë ~ $eÝ<e³eë ~ ®e ~ ³es ~~7~~

DevJe³e ö leled Deûeleë peeleb ³e%eb Heg©<eb (osJeeë) yeefn&ef<e Òe Deew#eved ~

osJeeë meeO³eeë ³es $eÝ<e³e½e Deemeved (les meJex) lesve (Heg©<esCe) De³epevle ~

MeyoeLe& ö leced = Gme; ³e%eced = ³epeveer³e keÀes; yeefn&ef<e = kegÀee Hej; Òe Deew#eved = peue mes DeefYe<eskeÀ keÀje³ee;

Heg©<eced = Heg©<e keÀes; peeleced = GlHeVe; Deûeleë = meJe& ÒeLece; lesve = Gmemes; osJeeë = osJeleeDeeW ves;


De³epevle = ³e%e efkeÀ³ee, meeO³eeë = ÒepeeHeefle Deeefo me=efä-keÀlee&DeeW ves; $eÝ<e³eë = $eÝef<e³eeW ves; ®e = Deewj;

³es = pees ~

meb.Yee. ö `³e%eb ³e%emeeOeveYetleb `leb` `Heg©<eb` HeMeglJeYeeJeve³ee ³etHes ye×b yeefn&ef<e ceevemes ³e%es `Òeew#eved` Òeesef#eleJevleë ~

keÀer¢Meefcel³e$een ~ `Deûeleë` meJe&me=äsë HetJe¥ `Heg©<eb` `peeleb` Heg©<elJesveeslHeVeced ~ Sle®®e ÒeeiesJeeskeÌleb

`lemceeefÜjeuepee³ele efJejepees DeefOe Het©<eë` Fefle ~ `lesve` Heg©<eªHesCe HeMegvee `osJee` `De³epevle`~ ceeveme³eeieb

efve<HeeefoleJevle Fl³eLe&ë ~ kesÀ les osJee Fl³e$een ~ `meeO³eeë` me=efämeeOeve³eesi³eeë ÒepeeHeefleÒeYe=le³eë leovegketÀueeë

`$eÝ<e³eë` cev$eêäejë `®e` `³es meefvle ~ les meJexçH³e³epevlesl³eLe&ë ~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö Gme meyemes Hevenues GlHeVe ³epeveer³e Heg©<e keÀes osJeleeDeeW ves HeefJe$e kegÀMee Hej ( jKe keÀj) Òees#ej

efkeÀ³ee ~ Gme (Heg©<eHeMeg) mes osJeleeDeeW ves, ÒepeeHeefle Deeefo me=efäkeÀÊee&DeeW ves, leLee pees $eÝef<e Les GvneWves ³e%e

efkeÀ³ee ~


They initiated into yajba the Purusa born in earliest time. Sandhyas and

Rsis initiated him into various jobs.*

[Sadhyas: see XXIV. 27; XXiX. 11; XXX. 15]

efìHHeCeer ö Fme cev$e ceW Heg©<e keÀe ner yeefn&³eeW kesÀ THej Òees#eCe keÀjkesÀ Gmes nefJeë ªHe ceW meceefHe&le keÀjves keÀe GuuesKe

nw ~ Fme me=efä³e%e ceW pees kegÀí GlHeVe nes jne nw, GmekeÀe yeerpe Heg©<e ner nw ~ Gmeer keÀe efJemleej DeveskeÀ peerJeeW

JevemHeefle³eeW Deeefo kesÀ ªHe ceW nes jne nw ~ Heg©<eªHe yeerpe mes pees GlHeVe nes jne nw, Jen Gmeer keÀe ªHe nw ~

Fme ³e%e kesÀ keÀÊee& osJe, meeO³eosJe leLee $eÝef<e nQ ~ ³eneb osJe, meeO³e leLee $eÝef<e keÀesF& HeeefLe&Je ÒeeCeer ve neskeÀj

me=efä kesÀ cetueYetle leÊJe ner nw ~

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. Òeesw#eved - Òe De#ed (efí[keÀvee) ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~

2. De³epevle - ³eped ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~

meb.Hee.- lemceeÐe%eeled meJe&ngleë mebYe=leb He=<eoep³eced ~

HeMetved leeB½e¬esÀ Jee³eJ³eeveejC³eeved ûeec³ee½e ³es ~~8~~


He.Hee.ö lemceeled ~ ³e%eeled ~ meJe&çngleë ~ mecedçYe=leced ~ He=<eledçDeep³eced ~~

HeMetved ~ leeved ~ ®e¬esÀ ~ Jee³eJ³eeved ~ DeejC³eeved ~ ûeec³eeë ~ ®e ~ ³es ~~8~~

DevJe³eö lemceeled meJe&ngleë ³e%eeled He=<eoep³eb mebYe=leced ~ (lemceeled mebYe=leeled (He=<eoe-p³eeled) Jee³eJ³eeved DeejC³eeved

HeMetved ³es ®e ûeec³eeë leeled ®e¬esÀ ~

MeyoeLe& - lemceeled = Gme; ³e%eeled = ³e%emes; meJe&ngleë = efpemeceW meJe&ªHeelcekeÀ Heg©<e keÀe ³epeve ngDee Lee; mebYe=leced

= FkeÀìdþe efkeÀ³ee ie³ee; He=<eoep³eced = oefOeefceefÞele Ie=le; HeMetved = HeMegDeeW keÀes; leeved = Gve; ®e¬esÀ = GlHeVe

efkeÀ³ee; Jee³eJ³eeved = DeekeÀeMe ceW jnves Jeeues; DeejC³eeved = pebieue ceW jnves Jeeues; ûeec³eeë = ûeeceeW ceW jnves

Jeeues; ®e = Deewj; ³es = pees Les ~

meb.Yee. - `meJe&ngleë` ~ meJee&lcekeÀëHeg©<eë ³eefmceved ³e%es nt³eles meesç³eb meJe&ngled ~ lee¢Meeled `lemceeled HetJeexÊkeÀeled

ceevemeeled `³e%eeled He=<eoep³eb oefOeefceÞeceep³eb `mebYe=leb` mebHeeefoleced ~ oefOe ®eep³eb ®esl³esJeceeefoYeesi³epeeleb meJe¥

mebHeeefoleefcel³eLe&ë ~ leLee `Jee³eJ³eeved` Jee³egosJeleekeÀeBuueeskeÀÒeefme×eved ` DeejC³eeved `HeMetved `®e¬esÀ`

GlHeeefoleJeeved ~ DeejC³ee nefjCeeo³eë ~ leLee `³es ®e ûeec³eeë ieJeeéeeo³eë leeveefHe ®e¬esÀ ~

HeMetveecevleefj#eÜeje Jee³egosJel³elJeb ³epegye´e&ïeCes meceecvee³elesö`Jee³eJeë mLesle³een Jee³egJee&

Deevleefj#em³eeO³e#eeë ~ Devleefj#eosJel³eeë Keueg Jew HeMeJeë ~ Jee³eJe SJewveevHeefjooeefle` (lew.ye´e.

3.2.1.3) Fefle ~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö Gme ³e%e mes efpemeieW meJe&ªHeelcekeÀ Heg©<e keÀe ³epeve ngDee Lee, oefOeefceefÞele Ie=le FkeÀìdþe efkeÀ³ee

ie³ee ~ (Gme SkeÀef$ele oefOeefceefÞele Ie=le mes Gme Heg©<e ves) DeekeÀeMe ceW jnves Jeeues (Heef#e³eeW), pebieue ceW jnves

Jeeues leLee ieeJeeW ceW jnves Jeeues pees HeMeg Les GvekeÀes GlHeVe efkeÀ³ee ~


From that Sarvahut sacrifice the butter mixed with curd was gatherd up.

He (or it) created these creatures of the air, of the forests and those of the

villages.


efJeHHeCeer - meJe&ngleë ö ³eneb Hej meJe&ngled Meyo keÀe DeefYeÒee³e nw meyekeÀer meye ceW Deengefle, ³ee meyekegÀí efpemeceW ngle nes

jne nw ~ Gme Hejceséej ªHe ³e%e ceW meyekeÀer Deengefle nes jner nw ~ Fme peieled ceW keÀesF& Ssmee HeoeLe& veneR pees

Meeéele nes pevce-cejCe, GlHeefÊe SJeb efJeveeMe meyekeÀe nes jne nw ~ ³ener Meeéele Òeef¬eÀ³ee nw ~ He=<eoep³ecedö Fme

me=efä³e%e ceW oefOe Deewj Deep³e kesÀ cesue mes pees kegÀí êJ³e yeve jne nw, Jen He=<eoep³e keÀnueelee nw, Jen Fme

peieled keÀe GHeeoeve keÀejCe nw ~ Gmeer mes meYeer HeMegDeeW keÀe ®eenW Jes ûeec³e neW ³ee DeejC³e neW, GvekeÀer GlHeefÊe

nes jner nw ~ efpeleves Yeer HeMeg nw, Jes meYeer Jee³eJ³e keÀnueeles nw, Jee³egosJeleekeÀ nw ~ ®e¬esÀ- ke=À `keÀjCes ,

Deelceves., Òe.Heg., S.Je.; meJee&vegoeÊe ~

J³eekeÀjCeö

1. meJe&ngleë ö meJe¥ nt³eles ³eefmceved; lemceeled, meJe&nt efkeÌJeHed, Heáeceer SkeÀJe®eve ~

2. He=<eoep³eced ö He=<edMele= He=<ele ®e leod Deep³eced ®e (keÀce&OeejCe) ~

3. mecYe=leced - meced Ye= ÊkeÀ ~

4. Jee³eJ³eeved - Jee³eg ³eled, efÜleer³ee yengJe®eve ~

5. DeejC³eeved - DejC³e DeCed, efÜleer³ee yengJe®eve ~

6. ûeec³eeë - ûeece ³eled, ÒeLecee yengJe®eve ~

7. ®e¬esÀ - ke=À efueìd, DeelcevesHeo ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~

meb.Hee. -lemceeÐe%eeled meJe&ngle $eÝ®eë meeceeefve peef%ejs ~

ívobeefme peef%ejs lemceeÐepegmlemceeopee³ele ~~9~~

He.Hee. - lemceeled ~ ³e%eeled ~ meJe&çngleë ~ $eÝ®eë ~ meeceeefve ~ peef%ejs ~~

ívobeefme ~ peef%ejs ~ lemceeled ~ ³epegë ~ lemceeled ~ Depee³ele ~~9~~

DevJe³e ö lemceeled meJe&ngleë ³e%eeled $eÝ®eë meeceeefve (®e) peef%ejs; lemceeled ívobeefme peef%ejs; lemceeled ³epegë Depee³ele ~

MeyoeLe& ö lemceeled = Gme; ³e%eeled = ³e%e mes; meJe&ngleë = Gme ³e%e mes efpemeceW meJe&ªHelcekeÀ Heg©<e keÀe ³epeve ngDee

Lee; $eÝ®eë = $$eÝ®ee³eW; meeceeefve = meeceved; ívoebefme = iee³e$³eeefo ívo; peef%ejs = GlHeVe ng³es; lemceeled

= Gmemes; ³epegë = ³epeg<ed; lemceeled = Gmemes; Depee³ele = GlHeVe ngDee ~


meb.Yee.ö`meJe&ngleë` `lemceeled HetJeexÊkeÀeled `³e%eeled` $eÝ®eë `meeceeefve` ®e `peef%ejs` GlHeVeeë ~ `lemceeled ³e%eeled

`ívoebefme` iee³e$³eeoerefve `peef%ejs` ~ `lemceeled ³e%eeled `³epegë` DeefHe `Depee³ele` ~~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö Gme meJe&ngled ³e%e mes $eÝpee³eW leLee meece GlHeVe ng³es; Gmemes æ(iee³e$³eeefo) ívo GlHeVe ng³esë Gmemes

³epeg<ed GlHeVe ngDee ~


From that great General Sacrifice Rcas and Sama hymns were born :

Therefrom were spells and charms produced; the yajus has its birth from

it.,

[Rcas: verses of praise and prayer for recitation. Sama hymns : psalms for

chanting. Spells and charms : magical incantations; probably those of the

later collection of the Atharvaveda.theYajus: the Collection of Sacrificial

formulas.]

efìHHeCeerö Fme cev$e ceW Gme meJe&ngled ³e%e mes $eÝkedÀ, ³epeg<ed, meece leLee ívo Yeer GlHeVe nes jns nQ ~ ³eneb $eÝkedÀ Deeefo

HeoeW keÀe Jen DeLe& DeefYeÒesle veneR, efpeme DeLe& ceW FvekeÀe J³eJenej Òe®eefuele nw ~ Heeoye×elcekeÀ j®evee $eÝkedÀ nw,

ieÐeelcekeÀ j®evee ³epeg<e nw, ies³eelcekeÀ cev$e meece nw ~ ³eneb $eÝkedÀ keÀe DeLe& cetefle&ceeved DeekeÀej, ³epeg<e keÀe DeLe&

ieefleceeved, meece keÀe DeLe& DeekeÀej keÀer meercee leLee ívoebefme keÀe DeLe& me=efä keÀe Òel³eskeÀ HeoeLe& ~ ³eneb ³es meYeer

meJe&ngled ³e%e mes GlHeVe nes jns nQ ~

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. peef%ejs ö peved (GlHeVe nesvee) efueìd, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~

2. Depee³ele - peved ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~

meb.Hee. - lemceeoéee Depee³evle ³es kesÀ peesYe³eeoleë ~

ieeJees n peef%ejs lemceeled lemceep³eelee DepeeJe³eë ~~10~~


He.Hee. ö lemceeled ~ Deéeeë ~ Depee³evle ~ ³es ~ kesÀ ~ ®e ~ GYe³eeoleë ~~ieeJeë ~

n ~ peef%ejs ~ lemceeled ~ lemceeled ~ peeleeë ~ DepeeJe³eë ~~10~~

DevJe³e ö lemceeled Deéeeë ³es kesÀ ®e GYe³eeoleë Depee³evle; lemceeled n ieeJeë peef%ejs, lemceeled DepeeJe³eë peeleeë ~

MeyoeLe& ö lemceeled = Gme meJe&ngled ³e%e mes; Deéeeë = Iees[s; Depee³evle = GlHeVe ng³es; ³es = pees; kesÀ = keÀesF&; ®e =

Deewj; GYe³eeoleë = oesveeW lejHeÀ oeble Jeeues; ieeJeë = iee³es; n = efveef½ele DeLe& keÀe Jee®ekeÀ efveHeele; peef%ejs

= GlHeVe ngF&; lemceeled = Gmemes; peeleeë = GlHeVe ngF&; DepeeJe³eë = yekeÀefj³ee@ leLee YeW[W ~

me.Yee. - `lemceeled HetJeexkeÌleeÐe%eeled `Deéeeë` GlHeVeeë ~ leLee `³es kesÀ ®e` DeéeJ³eefleefjkeÌleeë ieo&Yeeë Deéeleje½e

`GYe³eeoleë` TOJee&OeesYeeie³ees-©Ye³eesë ovle³egkeÌleeë meefvle lesçH³epee³evle ~ leLee `lemceeled ³e%eeled `ieeJeë` ®e

`®eef%ejs` efkebÀ®e `lemceeled ³e%eeled `DepeeJe³eë` ®e `peeleeë` ~

efnvoer DevegJeeo - Gme (meJe&ngled ³e%e) mes Deée GlHeVe ng³es leLee Jes meYeer pees oesveeW lejHeÀ oebleJeeues nQ ~ Gmemes iee³eW

GlHeVe ngF¥; Gmemes yekeÀefj³eeb leLee Yes[s (Hewoe ngF¥) ~


From it were horses born, from it all cattle with two rows of teeth :

From it were generated kine, from it were goats and sheep produced.

efìHHeCeer ö Fme cev$e ceW Gme meJe&ngle ³e%e mes Deée leLee Jes meYeer HeMeg pees oesveeW lejHeÀ oeble Jeeues nQ, iee³eW leLee Yes[

yekeÀefj³eeb nw, GvekeÀer GlHeefÊe yeleeF& ieF& nw ~ Deée ÒeeCe nw, pees GYe³eeoÊeë DeLee&led veer®es THej ®euelee jnlee

nw ~ ieeJeë Jes Hees<ekeÀ leÊJe nQ pees meyekeÀe Hees<eCe keÀjleer nw ~ Goeve-Jee³eg Depee nw, pees meoe THej keÀer Deesj

®euelee nw, Yes[ DeHeeve-Jee³eg nw pees meoe veer®es keÀer Deesj ÒeJeeefnle neslee nw ~

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. Depee³evle ö peved ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~

2. GYe³eeoleë ö GYe³eesë ovleeë ³es<eeb les (yengJe´erefnmeceeme) ~

3. peef%ejs ö peved efueìd, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~

4. DepeeJe³eë ö Deepe½e DeJe³e½e (ÜvÜmeceeme) ~


meb.Hee. ³elHegª<eb J³eoOegë keÀefleOee J³ekeÀuHe³eved ~

cegKeb efkeÀcem³e keÀew yeent keÀe Tª Heeoe G®³esles ~~11~~

He.Hee. ö ³eled ~ Heg©<eced ~ efJe ~ DeoOegë ~ keÀefleOee ~ efJe ~ DekeÀuHe³eved ~~

cegKeced ~ efkeÀced ~ Dem³e ~ keÀew ~ yeent Fefle ~ keÀew ~ Tª Fefle ~ Heeoew ~ G®³esles Fefle ~~11~~

DevJe³e ö (osJebeë) ³eled Heg©<eb efJe DeoOegë keÀefleOee efJe DekeÀuHe³eved ? Dem³e cegKeb efkeÀced ?keÀew yeent ? keÀe Tª ?

(keÀew) Heeoew G®³esles ?

MeyoeLe& - ³eled = peye, Heg©<eced = Hejce Heg©<e keÀes; efJe DeoOegë = efJeYekeÀle efkeÀ³ee; cegKeced = cegKe; efkeÀced = keÌ³ee

Lee; Dem³e = GmekeÀe; keÀew = keÀewve; yeent = oes Yetpee³eW Leea; keÀew = keÀewve; Tª = oesveeW pebIee³eW; Heeoew =

oesveeW Hewj; G®³esles = keÀns peeles nQ ?

meb.Yee.ö ÒeMveesÊejªHesCe ye´eïeCeeefome=efäb JekeÌlegb ye´ïeJeeefoveeb ÒeMvee G®³evles ~ ÒepeeHelesë ÒeeCeªHee osJeeë `³eled ³eoe

`Heg©<eb` efJeje[åHeb `J³eoOegë` mebkeÀuHesveeslHeeefoleJeevleë leoeveeR `keÀefleOee` keÀefleefYeë ÒekeÀejwë `J³ekeÌHe³eved

efJeefJeOeb keÀefuHeleJevleë ~ `Dem³e` Heg©<em³e `cegKeb` `efkeÀced Deemeerled ~ `keÀew` `yeent` DeYetleeced `keÀe` `Tª` ~

keÀew ®e `HeeoeJeg®³esles ~ ÒeLeceb meeceev³eªHeë ÒeMveë He½eeled cegKeb efkeÀefcel³eeefovee efJeMes<eefJe<e³eeë ÒeMveeë ~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö peye (osJeleeDeeW ves) Heg©<e keÀes efJeYekeÌle efkeÀ³ee (Gme mece³e GmekesÀ) efkeÀleves Yeeie efkeÀ³es ? GmekeÀe

cegKe keÌ³ee Lee ? (GmekeÀer) oesveeW Yegpee³eW keÌ³ee LeeR ? (GmekeÀer) oesveeW pebIee³eW keÌ³ee LeeR ? (GmekesÀ) oesveeW Hewj

keÌ³ee keÀns peeles nQ ?


When they initiated Purusa how many portions did they make ?

What was his mouth ?What were his arms ? What are the names of thighs

and feet ?


efìHHeCeer ö J³eoOegë:ö efJe Oee ÒeejCesn`, ue*d, Òe.Heg., ye.Je; ³eled Heo mes mecye× nesves kesÀ keÀejCe meJee&vegoeÊe

ve neskeÀj GoeÊe³egkeÌle nw ~ DekeÀuHe³eved ö keÌue=Hed `keÀuHevee-³eeced` ue*d, Òe.Heg. ye.Je., meJee&vegoeÊe ~

Heoevleer³e SkeÀej efÜJe®eveevle nesves kesÀ keÀejCe Òeie=¿e nw ~ Fmeefue³es HeoeHeeþ ceW FeflekeÀjCe ~ Tª- GkeÀej

efÜJe®eveevle nesves mes Òeie=¿e meb%ekeÀ nw, DeleSJe HeoHeeþ ceW FeflekeÀjCe ~ Fme cev$e ceW meJe&ngled Heg©<e keÀer GlHeefÊe

leLee GvekesÀ mJeªHeefJe<e³ekeÀ ÒeMveeW kesÀ Üeje efJe%eemee J³ekeÌle keÀer ieF& nw, efpemekeÀe GÊej Deieues cev$e ceW efo³ee

ie³ee nw ~

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. J³eoOegë - efJe Oee ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~

2. J³ekeÀuHe³eved - efJe keÌue=Hed efCe®edue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~

3. G®³eles - yet æ(Je®ed), keÀce&Jeep³e, ueìd, ÒeLeceHeg©<e efÜJe®eve ~

meb.Hee. yeéïejesçm³e cegKeceemeerÜent jepev³eë ke=Àleë ~

Tª leom³e ³eÜwM³eë HeÓd³eeb Metêes Depee³ele ~~12~~

He.Hee. ö yeéïeCeë ~ Dem³e ~ cegKeced ~ Deemeerled ~ yeent Fefle ~ jepevleë ~ ke=Àleë ~~

Tª Fefle ~ leled ~ Dem³e ~ ³eled ~ JesM³esë ~ HeledçY³eeced ~ Metêë ~ Depee³ele ~~12~~

DevJe³e ö Dem³e cegKeb yeéïeCeë Deemeerled, jepev³eë yeent ke=Àleë, ³eled JewM³eë leled Dem³e Tª, Metêë HeodY³eeced

Depee³ele ~

MeyoeLe& ö yeéïeCeë yeéïeCe, Dem³e GmekeÀe; cegKeced cegKe; Deemeerled Lee; yeent oes Yetpee³eW; jepev³eë

#eef$e³e; ke=Àleë yevee; Tª oesveeW pebIee³eW; leled Gvemes; GmekeÀer; ³eled pees LeeR; lewM³eë JewM³e;

He×d³eeced oesveeW HewjeW mes; Metêë Metê; Depee³ele GlHeVe ngDee ~

meb.Yee.öFoeveea HetJeexkeÌleeveeb ÒeMveeveecegÊejeefCe oMe&³eefle ~ `Dem³e` ÒepeeHelesë

`yeéïeCeë` yeéïeCelJepeeefleefJeefMeäë Heg©<eë `cegKeceemeerled cegKeogHleVe Fl³eLe&ë ~ ³eesç³eb `jepev³eë`

#eef$e³elJepeeefleceeved Heg©<eë meë `yeent ke=Àleë` yeenglJesve efve<Heeefoleë ~ yeengY³eeceglHeeefole Fl³eLe&ë ~ `leled`

leoeveerced `gm³e` ÒepeeHelesë `³eled ³eesw `Tª` leêtHeë `JewM³eë` mebHeVeë ~ T©Y³eeceglHeVe Fl³eLe&ë ~ leLeeçm³e

`HeÓd³eeb` HeeoeY³eeb `Metêë` MetêlJepeeefleceeved Heg©<eë `Depee³ele` ~ F³eb ®e cegKeeefoY³ees


ye´eïeCeeoerveeceglHeefÊe³e&pegë mebefnlee³eeb meHlecekeÀeC[ `me cegKeleefm$eJe=æleb efvejefceceerle` (lew,meb. 7.1.1.4)

Fl³eeoew efJemHeä-ceecveelee ~ Deleë ÒeMveesÊejs GYes DeefHe lelHejle³ewJe ³eespeveer³es ~~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö ye´ïeCe GmekeÀe cegKe Lee, oesvees YegpeeDeeW mes #eef$e³e ngDee; GmekeÀer pees pebIee³eW Leea Gvemes JewM³e ngDee;

(GmekesÀ) oesveeW HewjeW mes Metê GHleVe ngDee ~


The Purusa was Brahmana from his mouth, he was made Rajanya from

his arms. From his thighs, he became the Vaiwya, from his feet he was

produced as the Sudra.

efìHHeCeer ö Fme cev$e ceW ye´eïeCe keÀes meJe&ngled Heg©<e keÀe cegKe, jepev³e keÀes GmekeÀer Yegpee³es, JewM³e keÀes GmekeÀer pebIee³eW

leLee oesveeW HewjeW keÀes Metê yevee³ee ie³ee nw ~ efpeme ÒekeÀej cegKe-yeeng-pebIee³eW leLee nwj J³eeefkeÌle kesÀ mecHetCe&

Mejerj keÀer megefmLeefle keÀe GuuesKe keÀjles nQ, Gmeer ÒekeÀej DeO³eeHeve, j#ee, DeLeexHeepe&ve leLee keÀce&mecHeeove keÀer

#ecelee ªHe meceûe ceeveJe peeefle kesÀ ³eLeeÒeke=Àefle ®elegOee& J³eJemee³e keÀe mebkesÀle keÀjles nw ~ FveceW mes efkeÀmeer Yeer

SkeÀ kesÀ DeYeeJe ceW ³ee GmekesÀ mJemLe mJeªHe ceW ve ieesves mes J³eefkeÌle, meceepe, jeä^ SJeb efJeéekeÀer ieefle ©keÀ

mekeÀleer nw ~

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. Deemeerled - Demed efue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~

meb.Hee. ®evocee cevemees peele½e#eesë met³exe Depee³ele ~

cegKeeefovê½eeefive½e ÒeeCeeÜe³egjpee³ele ~~13~~

He.Hee. ö ®evêceeë ~ cevemeë ~ peeleë ~ ®e#eesë ~ met³e&ë ~ Depee³ele ~~

cegKeeled ~ Fvêë ~ ®e ~ Deefiveë ~ ®e ~ ÒeeCeeled ~ Jee³egë ~ Depee³ele ~~13~~

DevJe³e ö cevemeë ®evêcee peeleë, ®e#eesë met³e&ë Depee³ele; cegKeefovê½e Deefive½e ÒeeCeeod Jee³egë Depee³ele ~


MeyoeLe& ö ®evêcee :®evêcee; cevemeë ceve me; peeleë GlHeVe ngDee; ®e#eesë DeeBKe mes; met³e&ë ³et³e&;

Depee³ele GlHeVe ngDee; cegKeeled cegKe mes; Fvêë Fvê; ®e Deewj; Deefiveë Deefive; ®e Deewj;

ÒeeCeeled ÒeeCe mes; Jee³egë nJee; Depee³ele GlHeVe ngDee ~

meb.Yee. ö ³eLee oO³eep³eeefoêJ³eeefCe ieJeeo³eë HeMeJe $eÝieeefoJesoe ye´eïeCeeo³ees ceveg<³ee½e lemceeoglHeVee SJeb ®evêeo³ees

osJee DeefHe lemceeosJeeslHeVee Fl³een ~ ÒepeeHelesë `cevemeë` mekeÀeMeeled `®evêceeë` `peeleë ~ `®e#eesë` ®e ®e#eg<eë

`met³e&ë` DeefHe `Depee³ele` ~ Dem³e `cegKeeefovê½eeefive½e` osJeeJeglHeVeew ~ Dem³e `ÒeeCeeÜe³egjpee³ele` ~~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö (Gme Heg©<e kesÀ) ceve mes ®evêcee GlHeVe ngDee; (GmekeÀer) DeeBKe mes met³e& GlHeVe ngDee ~ (GmekesÀ)

cegkeÀ mes Fvê Deewj Deefive (GlHeVe ng³es); (GmekeÀer) éeebme mes Jee³eg GlHeVe ngDee ~


He was born as the Moon from his mind, and sun from his eyes; As

Vayu and Prana from his ear, and from his mouth as Agni.

efìHHeCeer ö Fme cev$e ceW meJe&ngled Heg©<e Hejceséej kesÀ ner ceve mes ®evêcee keÀer GlHeefÊe, DeeBKe mes met³e& keÀer GlHeefÊe, cegKe

mes Fvê leLee Deefive keÀer GlHeefÊe leLee ÒeeCe mes Jee³eg keÀer GlHeefÊe yeleeF& ieF& nw ~ ®evêcee ner ceve keÀe DeefOeÿelee

nw, met³e& DeeBKeeW keÀer p³eesefle keÀe DeefOeÿelee nw, Fvê Deewj Deefive cegKe kesÀ DeefOeÿelee nQ ~ Deefive GHeosMe kesÀ

Üeje leLee Fvê DeHeveer j#ee kesÀ Üeje meyekeÀer efmLeefle keÀes yevee³es jKeles nQ ~

meb.Hee. veeY³ee Deemeerovleefj#eb Meer<Ceex Ðeewë meceJele&le ~

HeYod³eeb Yetefceefo&Meë #ees$eeÊeLee ueeskeÀeB DekeÀuHe³eved ~~14~~

He.Hee. ö veeY³eeë ~ Deemeerled ~ Devleefj#eced ~ Meer<Ce&ë ~ Ðeewë ~ meced ~ DeJele&le ~ HeledçY³eeced ~ Yetefceë ~ efoMeë ~

Þees$eeled ~ leLee ~ ueeskeÀeved ~ DekeÀuHe³eved ~~14~~

DevJe³e ö veeY³eeë Devleefj#eced Deemeerled, Meer<Ce&ë Ðeewë meced DeJele&le, HeodY³eeb Yetefceë, Þees$eeled efoMeë leLee ueeskeÀeved

DekeÀuHe³eved ~


MeyoeLe& ö veeY³eeë = veeefYe mes; Demeerled = GlHeVe ngDee Lee; Devleefj#eced = Devleefj#eueeskeÀë; Meer<Ce&ë = efMej mes;

Ðeewë = ÐegueeskeÀ; meceJele&le = GlHeVe ngDee; HeodY³eeced = oesveeW HewjeW mes; Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer; efoMeë =

efoMee³eW; Þees$eeled = keÀeve mes; leLee = Fmeer ÒekeÀej; ueeskeÀeved = ueeskeÀeW keÀer; DekeÀuHe³eved = me=efä keÀer ~

meb.Yee.ö ³eLee ®evoeoerved ÒepeeHelesce&veëÒeYe=efleY³eesçkeÀuHe³eved `leLee` Devleefj#eeoerved `ueeskeÀeved` ÒepeeHelesë veeY³eeefoY³ees

osJeeë `DekeÀuHe³eved` GlHeeefoleJevleë ~ SleosJe oMe&³eefle ~ `veeY³eeë` ÒepeeHelesiee&Yesë `Devleefj#eceemeerled ~

`Meer<Ce&ë` efMejmeë `Ðeewë` `meceJele&le` GlHeVee ~ Dem³e `ve×d³eeb` HeeoeY³eeb `Yetefceë` GlHeVee ~ Dem³e `Þees$eeled`

`efoMeë` GlHeVeeë ~~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö (GmekeÀer) veeefYe mes Devleefj#e (GlHeVe ngDee) Lee; efMej mes DeekeÀeMe GdHeVe ngDee; oesveeW HewjeW mes

He=efLeJeer, keÀeve mes efoMee³eW ~ Fmeer ÒekeÀej meYeer ueeskeÀeW keÀer me=efä (osJeleeDeeW ves) keÀer ~


From his navel he ws midspace; he was the sky from his head;

Earth from his feet, and from his ear the Quarters. Thus they

classified the body of Purusa.

[Cf. The creation-myth of the world-giant Ymir in Old Northern

poetry. The hills are his bones, the sky his skull, the sea his blood, and

the clouds his brains. See Corpus Poeticum Boreale, II. 468]

efìHHeCeer ö meme cev$e ceW Devleefj#e keÀes ner Heg©<e keÀer veeefYe, efMej mes Ðeew keÀer GlHeefÊe, Hewj mes Yetefce keÀer GlHeefÊe leLee

keÀeveeW mes efoeeDeeW keÀer GlHeefÊe yeleeF& ieF& nw ~ Fme ÒekeÀej mecHetCe& ueeskeÀ meJe&ngled Heg©<e keÀe ner efJejeìd ªHe nw ~

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. meceJele&le ö meced Je=led ue*d, ÒeLece Heg©<e SkeÀJe®eve ~

2. DekeÀuHe³eved- keÌue=Hed (yeveevee, efvecee&Ce keÀjvee) ue*d, ÒeLece Heg©<e yengJe®eve ~

meb.Hee. meHleem³eemeved HeefjOe³eefm$eë meHle meefceOeë ke=Àleeë ~

osJee ³eÐe%eb levJeevee DeyeOveved Heg©<eb HeMegced ~~15~~


Hee.Hee. ö meHle ~ Dem³e ~ Deemeved ~ HeefjçOe³eë ~ ef$eë ~ meHle ~ mecedçFOeë ~ ke=Àleeë ~ osJeeë ~ ³eled ~ ³e%eced ~

levJeeveeë ~ DeyeOveved ~ Heg©<eced ~ HeMegced ~~15~~

DevJe³e ö Dem³e (³e%em³e) meHle HeefjOe³eë Deemeved, ef$eë meHle meefceOeë ke=Àleeë, ³eled ³e%eb levJeeveeë osJeeë Heg©<eb HeMegced

DeyeOveved ~

MeyoeLe& ö meHle meele; Dem³e = GmekeÀer; DeeSved= LeeR; HeefjOe³eë = HeefjefOe³eeb; ef$eëmeHle = FkeÌkeÀerme; meefceOeë =

meefceOee³es; ke=Àleeë = yeveeF& ieF& Leer; osJeeë = osJeleeDeesB ves; ³eled = efpeme mece³e; ³e%eced = ³e%e; levJeeveeë

= mecHeVe keÀjles ng³es; DeyeOveved = yeebOee Lee; Heg©<eced = Hejce Heg©<e keÀes; HeMegced = HeMeg kesÀ ªHe ceW ~

meb.Yeeö `Dem³e` meebkeÀefuHekeÀ³e%em³e iee³e$³eeoerefve `meHle` ívoebefme `HeefjOe³eë` `Deemeved ~ SsefäkeÀm³eenJeveer³em³e

$e³eë HeefjOe³e GÊejJesefokeÀem$e³e Deeefol³e½e meHleceë HeefjefOeÒeefleefveefOetHeë ~ Dele SJeecvee³eves `ve HegjmleelHeefj

oOeel³eeefol³ees ïesJeesÐeved Heg©mleeê#eebm³eHenefvle` (lew.meb. 2.6.6.3) Fle ~ lele Sle Deeefol³emeefnleeë meHle

HeefjOe³eesç$e meHle ívoesªHeeë ~ leLee `meefceOeë` `ef$eë meHle` ef$eiegCeerke=ÀlemeHlemebK³eekeÀeë SkeÀefJebMeefleë

`ke=Àleeë` ~ ÜeoMe ceemeeë Heáele&Jem$e³e Fces ueeskeÀe DemeeJeeefol³e SkeÀefJebMeë` (lew.meb. 5.1.10.3) Fefle

]gleeë HeoeLee& SkeÀefJebMeefleoe©³egkeÌlesOcelJesve YeeefJeleeë ~ `³eled ³eë Heg©Kees Jewjepeesçefmle leb `Heg©<eb` osJeeë

ÒepeeHeefleÒeeCesefvê³eªHeeë `³e%eb ³eë Heg©<ees Jewjepeesçeefmle leb `Heg©<eb` osJeeë ÒepeeHeefleÒeeCesefvê³eªHeeë `³e%eb

`levJeeveeë` ceevemeb ³e%eb levJeeveeë kegÀJee&Ceeë `HeMegced `DeyeOveved efJejeìdHeg©<ecesJe HeMeglJesve YeeefJeleJevleë ~

SleosJeeefYeÒesl³e HetJe&$e `³elHeg©<esCe nefJe<ee` Fl³egkeÌleced ~~

efnvoer DevegJeeo ö GmekeÀer meele HeefjefOe³eeb LeeR; FkeÌkeÀerme meefceOee³eW yeveeF& ieF& LeeR, efpeme mece³e ³e%e keÀjles ng³es

osJeleeDeeW ves Heg©<e-HeMeg keÀes yeebOee Lee ~


Then seven were his enclosing-sticks, his kindling-brands were three

times seven, When Gods, performed the samskara of Purusa.

[Enclosing-sticks : See II. 3. Kindling-brands : See II. 4. Sayana

explains paridhayah here as the seven sacred metres, or as six shallow

trenches dug round the fire and an imaginary one round the Sun.

According to Mahidhara, the twenty-one kindling-brands are the


twelve months, five seasons, the three worlds of earth, air, and

heaven, and the Sun.

efìHHeCeer ö efJejeìd Heg©<e keÀe efpelevee efJemleej nw, Jen SkeÀ ÒekeÀej mes mecHetCe& ³e%e keÀe efJemleej nw ~ Gme ³e%eefkeÀ meele

HeefjefOe³eeb yeleeF& ieF& nw ~ HeefjefOe ³e%ekeÀer Jesoer keÀer meerceeDeeW keÀes keÀnles nQ; meele ueeskeÀ ner meele HeefjefOe³eeb nQ ~

Fmeer keÀer Devegke=Àefle Hej Ssef<ìkeÀ Jesefo kesÀ DeenJeveer³e keÀer leerve HeefjefOe³eeb, GÊejJesefo keÀer leerve HeefjefOe³eeb leLee

Deeefol³e meHlece HeefjefOe ªHe ceW nQ ~ mebJelmej kesÀ 12 cenerves, 5 $eÝleg³eW, ³es 3 ueeskeÀ leLee Deeefol³e ³es ner ³e%e

keÀer 21 meefceOee³eW nw ~ ye´eïeCeûevLeeW ceW Fve ÒeleerkeÀeW keÀe YetefjMeë GuuesKe nw ~

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. levJeeveeë ö leved Meeve®ed, ÒeLecee, yengJe®eve ~

2. DeyeOveved ö yevOed ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~

meb.Hee. ³e%esve ³e%ece³epevle osJeemleeefve Oecee&efCe ÒeLeceev³eemeved ~

lesn veekebÀ ceefnceeveë me®evle ³e$e HetJex meeO³eeë meefvle osJeeë ~~16~~

He.Hee.ö ³e%esve ~ ³e%eced ~ De³epevle ~ osJeeë ~ leeefve ~ Oecee&efCe ~ ÒeLeceeefve ~ Deemeved ~ les ~ n ~ veekeÀced ~

ceefnceeveë ~ me®evle ~ ³e$e ~ HetJex ~ meeO³eeë ~ meefvle ~ osJeeë ~~16~~

DevJe³e ö osJeeë ³e%esve ³e%eced De³epevle ~ leeefve ÒeLeceeefve Oecee&efCe Deemeved ~

les n ceefnceeveë veekebÀ me®evle ³e$e HetJex meeO³eeë osJeeë (®e) meefvle ~

MeyoeLe& ö ³e%esve ³e%e mes; ³e%eced ³e%eHeg©<e keÀe; De³epevle ³epeve efkeÀ³ee; osJeeë osJeleeDeeW ves; leeefve

Jesner; Oecee&efCe Oece&; ÒeLeceeefve meJe&ÒeLece; Deemeved Les; les Gve ueesieeW ves; n efveef½ele DeLe& keÀe

Jee®ekeÀ SkeÀ efveHeele; veekeÀced mJeie& keÀes; ceefnceeveë Hetpeves Jeeues; me®evle ÒeeHle efkeÀ³es; ³e$e peneb

Hej; HetJex Hegjeves; meeO³eeë ÒepeeHeefle Deeefo me=efä keÀÊee&DeeW keÀe Jeie&; meefvle Jeeme keÀjles nwB; osJeeë

osJelee ~

meb.Yee.ö HetJe¥ ÒeHe_JesveeskeÌleceLe¥ mebef#eH³ee$e oMe&³eefle ~ `osJeeë` ÒepeeHeefleÒeeCeªHeeë `³e%esve` ³eLeeskeÌlesve ceevemesve

mebkeÀuHesve `³e%eb Òeefme×eefve Oecee&efCe peieêtHeefJekeÀejeCeeb OeejkeÀeefCe `ÒeLeceeefve` cegK³eeefve `Deemeved ~


SleeJelee me=efäÒeefleHeeokeÀmetkeÌleYeeieeLe&ë mebie=nerleë DeLeesHeemevelekeÌHeÀueevegJeeokeÀYeeieeLe&ë mebie=¿eles ~ `³e$e`

³eefmceved efJejeìdÒeeefHleªHes veekesÀ `HetJex `meeO³eeë` Hegjelevee efJeje[gHeeefmlemeeOekeÀeë `osJeeë meefvle` efleÿefvle leled

veekebÀ efJejeìd-ÒeeefHleªHeb mJeie¥ `les` `ceefnceeveë`leogHeemekeÀe cenelceeveë `me®evle` meceJe³eefvle ÒeeHvegJeefvle ~~

efnefvo DevegJeeo ö ³e%e mes osJeleeDeeW ves ³e%e-Heg©<e keÀe ³epeve efkeÀ³ee; Jes ner meJe&ÒeLece (me=efä³e%eªHe) Oece& Les ~ Gve

³epeve keÀjvesJeeueeW ves mJeie& keÀes ÒeeHle efkeÀ³ee, peneb Hej me=efä keÀjves ceW meceLe& ÒepeeHeefle Deeefo Hegjeves osJeleeDeeW

keÀe Jeie& leLee osJeieCe Jeeme keÀjles nQ ~


Gods, sacrificing, initiated the Purasa into the Vedas : these were the

earliest holy ordinances. The Mighty Ones attained the height of

heaven, there where the Sadhyas, Gods of old, are dwelling.

efìHHeCeer ö ³e%e mes ner ³e%e keÀe ³epeve ³en JewefokeÀ $eÝef<e³eeW keÀer DeodYegle ¢efä nw ~ FmeceW mecHetCe& ye´ïeeC[ meceeefnle

nw ~ ³es OejCe keÀjves Jeeues ÒeLece leÊJe Les Deewj Deeies Yeer jnWies ~ peye lekeÀ ³en ³e%e ®euelee jnsiee leye lekeÀ ³en

ye´ïeeC[ jnsiee, ³ee ³ees keÀnW efkeÀ peye lekeÀ ³en ye´ïeeC[ jnsiee leye lekeÀ ³en Meeéele ³e%e efvejvlej ÒeJenceeve

jnsiee ~ Fme DeodYegle meH³e keÀer DevegYetefle JewefokeÀ $eÝef<e³eeW ves keÀer Leer ~ Dee®ee³e& JeeOetue ves Fme cev$e keÀer

J³eeK³ee ceW `leeefve Oecee&efCe` keÀer J³eeK³ee keÀjles ngS ³en yelee³ee nw efkeÀ ye´ïeeC[ keÀes OeejCe keÀjves Jeeues Deeþ

leÊJe-He=efLeJeer, Devleefj#e, ÐegueeskeÀ leLee cenë ueeskeÀ (³ee meesceueeskeÀ) leLee Fve ®eej ueeskeÀeW kesÀ DeefOeÿe$eer

osJelee Deefive, Jee³eg, Deeefol³e Deewj Je©Ce nQ ~ ³es ner Deeþ cev$e ceW `ceefnceeveë` keÀns ie³es nw (JeeOetue-

4.6.2-3)

J³eekeÀjCe ö

1. Depe³evle - ³eped ue*d, DeelcevesHeo, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve ~

2. me®evle ö me®ed ue*d, ÒeLeceHeg©<e yengJe®eve, JewefokeÀ ªHe; Oeeleg kesÀ HetJe&Jeleea `De` keÀe ueesHe nes ie³ee nw ~


1.7. MODEL QUESTION:

1.7.1. अतिदीरघोततरमलक-परशनाः । 15X2

1. यजरवद परषसकतसय रवशिषटयमालोचयत।

2. परषसकतसय सरवरप रवरणयत ।

3. िकलयजरवदसय महततरव परततपादयत ।

1.7.2. दीरघोततरमलक-परशनाः । 10X4

सायररीतया चतराा मनतरारा वयाखया करत ।

1. मनतरसखया – 1.

2. मनतरसखया - 7




1.7.3. सकषिपतोततरमलक-परशनाः । 05X4

चतराा मनतराराम अरथा शलखत ।






1.7.4. अतिसकषिपतोततरमलक-परशनाः । 02x5

पञचाना पदाना तनरवणचन करत ।

क- सहसरिीषाण, ख- वरवषरवङ, ग- अररचयत, घ- पषदाजयम, ङ- जजञिर,

च- अजारवयः छ- यिम, ज- सपतपररधयः, झ- अयजनतत, ञ- सचनतत ।


1.8. FURTHER READING:

1- Sukla-Yajurveda Samhita-bhasya.

2. English Translation.

3. The New Vedic Selection, Part. 1, Telanga & Chaubey, Bharatiya Vidya

Prakashan, Varanasi,1976.

4. The Texts of the White Yajurveda, R.T.H. Griffith, 1899.

5. Purusa Sukta (in Sanskrit), Melkote, Sanskrit Samsodhan Sansad, 2011.


UNIT– II – ATHARVAVEDA – RASTRAVHIVARDHANA SUKTA


2.2. Introduction on Atharva Veda.

2.2.1. Veda Trayi & the Atharva Veda.

2.2.2. Cultural Values in Atharva Veda.

2.2.3. Atharva Veda Samhita.

2.2.4. Sakhas of Atharva Veda.

2.2.5. Subject-matter of Atharva Veda.

2.2.6. Categories & their Contents. (Acc. to the Subject-matter.)



2.1. Learning Objectives:

This Book enables the learners to know ----

The importance of Atharva Veda.

The Features of Veda-Trayi & Atharva Veda.

The Recensions & Subject-matter of Atharva Veda.

2.2. INTRODUCTION ON ATHARVA VEDA

The importance of Atharvaveda Samhita lies in the very fact that it is an

invaluable source of knowledge of the popular belief, of the faith in

numberless spirits, imps, ghosts, and demons of every kind, and of the

witchcraft, so eminently important to ethnology and for the history of

religion. In short, it is a very valuable store of our ancient folklore.

Atharvaveda contains materials from the Rgveda. Scholars opine that it

was written down much later than the other three Vedas, perhaps around


600 BCE; although it may have been composed much earlier, say around

1000 BCE.

2.2.1. Veda-trayi and the Atharvaveda

There is considerable scope for dispute regarding the claim of the

Atharvaveda to be counted as a Veda at all. With regard to the designation

of the Vedas as trayi (triad, i.e. Rgveda, Yajurveda and Samaveda), and the

eligibility of the Atharvaveda for inclusion among the Vedas, it is

interesting to observe the divided views of the scholars on the issue.

According to one view, the Atharvaveda, which contains spells of all

possible kinds against many diseases, enemies, etc. represented the religion

of the masses, in contrast to the other Vedas relating to cosmic worship

representing the religion of the classes.

Another view explains the purpose of the three Vedas and the

Atharvaveda, to be respectively the attainment of the desired objects, and

the warding off the evils. It takes the omission of the Atharvaveda at places

where trayi is mentioned, as being due to want of propriety of reference,

and not due to its inferiority or supposed non-Vedic character, since a large

number of highly philosophical hymns occur in this Veda also, besides its

sharing many hymns in common with the Rgveda.

The comments of Lakshman Sarup in his The Nighantu and The Nirukta

are worth citing here —

For a considerable time, the Atharvaveda was not recognised as divine

revelation. For the followers of Atharvaveda, it was therefore necessary to

demonstrate the superiority of their own Veda to the Rgveda, the

Samaveda and the Yajurveda. Perhaps, the most effective means employed


for the achievement of this object, was to invent legends and allegorical

stories,, in which all the four Vedas are introduced, and in which a certain

task is proposed for them. The RV, the SV, and the YV, are invariably

shown to be incompetent in its performance, and it is given up as too

difficult by the three Vedas in succession, being finally accomplished by

the AV, whose superiority over the other three Vedas is thus implicitly

expressed. I quote the following two stories from the Gopatha Brahmana

in support of my statement, tan vag-abhyuvaca . . . awanto nu-ayam awva

iti.

Sarup continues,

It need hardly be said that the efforts of the followers of the Atharvaveda

were crowned with success, for, in course of time, the AV, was recognised

as one of the revealed scriptures. But their method of discrediting the other

Vedas gave rise to a movement of enquiry and scepticism - a movement,

the traces of which can still be discovered in isolated passages of the

Aranyakas and the Upanisads. Besides the fact that the anti-Vedic ideas

have been preserved in the Aranyakas and the Upanisads, which according

to orthodox tradition are a part of the scriptures, indicates that the

movement must have been important and widespread, so much so that

even some of the Vedic scholars came under its influence, and freely gave

expression to their heterodox views, some of which have survived.

Even in Indian literature, three Vedas and four Vedas are mentioned side

by side. The literature connected with sacrifices recognises only three

Vedas. Jaimini in his Mimavsa-Sutras defines only the Rgveda, the

Yajurveda, and the Samaveda, ignoring the Atharvaveda, which has no

place in the sacrifices. In a sacrifice, there are four kinds of priests, the

Hota, connected with the Rgveda, the Adhvaryu, connected with the

Yajurveda; the Udgata, connected with the Samaveda; and Brahma, who

supervises the whole sacrifice. The priest Brahma is sometimes connected

with the Atharvaveda. This relation is not natural; it is only an attempt at


an equation. It may be said that while the Atharvaveda represents the

Indian philosophy and religion that runs parallel to the current represented

by the other Vedas; it is also tire earlier stage of a current that culminated

in the Agama and Tantra literature.

Rajbali Pandey writes,

Considering its popular character, Ridgeway concludes that it is not a

record of Aryan religion, but represents the beliefs of the aboriginal

people. This view cannot be accepted. It is just possible, that the Indo-

Aryan assimilated many non- Aryan elements in their religion, but the

lower strata of the Aryan community were no less interested in the lower

side of the religion, than the non-Aryan populations. The Atharvaveda

reflects the faith and rites of the common people, rather than the highly

specialised religion of the priests.

2.2.2. CULTURAL VALUES IN ATHARVA VEDA.

Cultural Value of the Atharvaveda

If by Veda we mean sacrificial literature, then Atharvaveda is not

considered as one of the Vedas by some (say Jaimini). Nevertheless, it will

ever remain one of our richest heritages representing the secular and pre-

eminently intellectual aspect of our ancients. The term atharvaë was from

the very beginning associated with intellectualism. The Rgvedic seer

Dirghatamas belongs to the Atharvan family. The famous philosophical

hymn composed by Dirghatamas has the two passages 'Truth is one; sages

call it by various names' and 'There are two birds, with fair wings, knit

with bonds of union .. ,'. This has been the basic text for latter day Indian

philosophy regarding the relation between Brahman and the jéva, and the

concept occurs in this hymn. In the Raghnvaàça (I), where the King Dilipa

goes to his teacher Vasiñöha, to consult him on very important state


matters, Kalidasa refers to Vasistha as the repository of Atharva-

'knowledge (Atharvanidhi).

There was however no conflict between the civilisation represented by the

three Vedas and that represented by the Atharvaveda. They represent two

aspects of a civilisation that is single and unitary. One can safely say that

the three Vedas represent mainly the aspect of an ancient Indian

civilisation dealing with the goal of man in a future life, and the

Atharvaveda represents chiefly the other aspect, dealing with the life of

man in this world. The three Vedas deal with gods and sacrifices; the

Atharvaveda deals with man, his protection from enemies, destruction of

foes, kings and politics, welfare in this life, and similar other things.

2.2.3. Atharvaveda Samhita

The Atharvaveda is also known as Atharvavgirasa-Veda. As the seers of

Atharvaveda Samhita, its rsis were known as the Atharvavgirasa or simply

the Angirasa. Of these two classes of priests, the Atharvana priests were

adept in Wanti-Pusti-Karmas - rituals related to accomplishment of peace

in the family, society, for securing health, wealth, protection, and

friendship. And the Angirasa priests were adept in abhicärika - karmas -

performing rituals for cure of diseases (yaksma - tuberculosis, kustha -

leprosy, wveta-kustha - leukoderma, jvara - fever, takma - skin-disease,

krmi - a kind of intestinal parasites) and destruction of wild animals, watru-

nawana - destruction enemies and watrusenä-sammohana - immobilising

the enemy army, evil spirits (asuras — VI.7, alaksmi-nawana), etc.

It is also known as Bhrgvavgirasa-Veda, since Bhrgu was Rsi Angira's

disciple and was instrumental in popularising Atharvaveda. Its other name

is Brahmaveda, since the priest is titled Brahma. Still another name is


Bhaisajya-Veda, since it mostly consists of mantras for the cure of many

diseases.

As per modern scholars as stated above, Atharvana or Avgirasa were a

class of highly intellectual priests who are reputed to be the first to have

instituted the fire-worship and Soma sacrifices. They were the earliest

teachers of Brahmavidya. The word Atharva means purohita, a fire priest,

and it is the oldest Indian name for 'priest' in general.

Sage Atharvana was the son of Rsi Bhrgu who was the son of Brahma.

'Atharvana' means — na tharvati calati iti atharvana — 'the one who has

no vacillation of the mind (who is steady in his vision) is called

Atharvana'. That which was revealed to Sage Atharvana is the

Atharvaveda.

2.2.4. SAKHAS OF ATHARVA VEDA.

The extant Waunaka-Wakha has 20 kandas, 759 kaëòikäs and 5,977 mantras

(5,987 in Svadhyaya Mandala, Pardi edition). Waunaka-Wakha begins with

ye triwaptar paryanti. According to Patabjali's Mahabhasya and

Brahmayajba-Tarpana, the first verse of Atharvaveda begins with wan no

devirabhistaye .... However, this mantra is first mantra in Paippalada

Samhita, whereas in Waunaka-Wakha it is the sixth mantra - 1.1.6. It

appears that the Paippalada Samhita was once more popular. In the

Kawmiri recension as well as the Odisha recension of Paippalada Samhita,

wan no devirabhistaye. . . is the first mantra of the Atharvaveda. Many

hymns of Waunaka Samhita are quoted in Kauwika-Sutra and Vaitana-

Sutra. Sayana also quotes many of these in his bhasya on the Atharva

Samhita of Waunaka-Wakha. Maurice Bloomfield and William Dwight

Whitney have made a survey of the available hymns of the Paippalada

(Kawmiri) recension.


Atharvaveda has many foreign words like, kiarata, alika, viligi, tabuva,

tastuva, which are traced to be very old Chaldean words used in 4500

BCE.

Gayatri-mantra is believed to be the essence of the three Vedas, which

means that Atharvaveda is excluded. According to one view, before

learning the Atharvaveda, a brahmacari must go through a second

upanayanam ceremony. Generally, the Gayatri imparted to a child at

Brahmopadesa ceremony is called Tripada-Gayatri — it is so called

because it has three padas or quarters. Each pada encompasses the

essential spirit of one Veda. The Atharvaveda has a separate Gayatri, and

if people belonging to other Vedas want to learn this Veda, they have to go

through a second upanayanam to receive instruction in it. For the followers

of the first three Vedas, however, there is only one Gayatri, and those

belonging to any one of them can learn the other two Vedas without

another upanayanam.

Patabjali in his Mahabhasya has referred to nine wakhas of the

Atharvaveda- (i) Paippalada, (ii) Tauda, (iii) Mauda, (iv) waunakiya, (v)

Jajala, (vi) Jalada, (vii) Brahmaveda, (viii) Devadarwa and, (ix)

Caranavidya.

The Caranavyuha also furnishes a list of nine sakhas - (i) Paippalada, (ii)

Danta, (iii) Pradanta, (iv) Auta, (v) Jabala, (vi) Waunaka, (vii)

Brahmapalawa, (viii) Kunakhi-vedadarwi, and (ix) Caranavidya.

Sayanacarya accepts the existence of nine wakhas; however, his list is

slightly different from the list of Caranavyuha. Scholars give preference to

Sayana's list that is — (i) Paippalada, (ii) Tauda, (iii) Mauda, (iv)


waunakiya, (v) Jajala , (vi) Jalada, (vii) Brahmaveda (viii) Devadarwi,

and (ix) Caranavidya.

Patabjali Sayana Caranavyuha

1 Paippalada Paippalada Paippalada

2 Danta Tauda Danta

3 Pradanta Mauda Pradanta

4 Snata Jalada Auta

5 Sautna Jajala Jabala

6 Brahmadävala Brahmavada Brahmapaläçä

7 Waunaka Waunakiya Waunaka

8 Devavarwata Devadarsi Kunakhi-Vedadarwi

9 Caranavidya Caranavaidya Caranavidya

Of these, Waunaka is extant. The Paippalada-Sakha has since been

discovered, edited and published.

2.2.5. SUBJECT-MATTER OF ATHARVA VEDA.

Atharvaveda is the most secular of all the four Vedas, in that; it deals with

worldly matters and issues in the manner and to the extent not addressed

by the other three Vedas. The definition — istapraptyanista-

pariharayoralaukikamupayam yo grantho vedayati sa vedah, is validated in

Atharvaveda. It conveys to us the knowledge of many magic formulae,

since it contains mantras with which one wards off misfortunes and

disasters and brings about the destruction of one's enemies.

Atharvaveda is a mixture of prose and poetry. The mantras of the other

three Vedas also serve the same purpose as those of the Atharvaveda.


However, what is special about Atharvaveda is that, it has references to

some deities not mentioned in the others and has mantras addressed to

fierce spirits. What has come to be known as mantrikam (magical rites) has

its source in this Veda.

Additionally, it also contains suktas that speak of lofty truths. It has

Prthivi-Sukta, which glorifies this planet with all its creatures. A full

hymn18 is dedicated to the Vedic hrah.maca.ri.

It is learnt from some stone inscriptions that, Atharvaveda had a following

in Tamil country, until some centuries ago. Information about Vedic

schools is provided by inscriptions found near Perani, near Ennayiram and

a place near Walajabadin the neighbourhood of Kancipuram (all in Tamil

Nadu). Even during the reign-of the later Colas, the Atharvaveda was

learnt in the Tamil country. Incidentally, there are reportedly 18 categories

among brahmanas in Odisha. One such category is known as Atharvanikas,

which is Atharvavedins. Currently, Atharvavedins are also there in

Saurashtra (in Gujarat) and Kosala (in UP),n though their number is small.

Atharvaveda Samhita is rarely chanted in the north, and is not heard in the

south at all. Currently (in 2012) in the Kabci Kamakoti Math of Puri,

Odisha, about 20 brahmacaris are being taught the Paippalada-Sakha, and

it is chanted everyday.

The prevalent Waunaka-Sakha has 20 kandas (books) containing 759

kandikas and 5,977 mantras-verses (5,987 as per Svadhyaya Mandala,

Pardi edition). Hie recently discovered and published Paippalada-Sakha

also has 20 kandas (books) containing 923 kandikas, and 7,900 mantras-

verses (as per Kunja Bihari Upadhyaya, editor of Atharvanaveda-

Paippalada-Samhita).


Scholars consider the last two books 19th and 20th, as khila- kanda, to be

the later additions. The 20th book has almost entirely been taken from

Rgveda. Scholars also are sceptical about book 15 (vratya-kanda) from

chronological point of view, and consider this to be as later addition. Thus,

books 1-13 only are characteristically the most Atharvanic, and the rest

correspond to various hymns of Rgveda Samhita.

One-sixth of Atharvaveda mantras are in the prose form, while the rest are

in metre. About 1,200 mantras of the Atharvaveda (175th) are from the

Rgveda.

Of the 5,977 mantras of Atharvaveda (Waunaka-Sakha), 2,696 mantras are

the original, envisioned by Atharva Rsi. Of the rest, 49 were by

Atharvahgira, 29 by Brhaddiva or Atharva, 7 by Mrgara or Atharva, 7 by

Vasistha or Atharva, 4 by Krttika or Atharva and 7 by Bhrgu-Atharvana.

Thus, since 2,799 (2,696 + 49 + 29+ 7+ 7+ 4+ 7) mantras of 220 suktas

were seen by Rsi Atharva, this Veda is named after him.

2.2.6. CATEGORIES & THEIR CONTENTS.

According to the subject matter of Atharvaveda is divided into eight broad

categories:

Categories Contents

1. Bhaisajya-Sukta At least 144 suktas describe the symp- .-"various

diseases, and names of herbs/ root; for curing them.

2. Ayusya-Sukta Many suktas are prayers for long and hea)

3. Paustika-Sukta These suktas has refrence regarding ag-: house-building

and trade/ business


4 Strikarma-Sukta This category includes love, marriage, progeny and

protection of progeny. It has charms / spells to neutralise the co-wife and

obtain husband's love and attention.

5 Prayascitta-Sukta Hymns are there to atone for many known/ unknown

wrong doings.

6 Brahmanya-Sukta These are philosophical suktas discussing the

cosmology. Atharvaveda is known as Brahmaveda because of these

suktas.

7 Rajakarma-Sukta These hymns help tire king in running the kingdom

smoothly. There are suktas to defeat/destroy the enemies/opposite armies.

8 Abhicara-Sukta These are again charms and spells against enemies,

(Black-magic) raksasas. Although their number is insignificant,

nevertheless, because of their presence, westerners name this Veda as

abhicara-pradhana-veda


2.3.1. अततदीघोततरमलक-परशाः । 15X2

1. अरथरवणरवदसय रवशिषटयमालोचयत ।

2. अरथरवणरवद परततपादय वरवषयरवसत शलखत ।


1. Atharvaveda Samhita,3 vols, edited and revised by K.L. Joshi, ISBN.13.978-

8189885540.

2. The Hymns of Atharvaveda, Vol. II, 2nd Edition, Benasras: E.J. Lazarus & co.


UNIT-ⅰⅰⅰ ATHARVAVEDA – PRTHVI SUKTA


3.2. Text: Mantras of Prthvi Sukta.

3.2.a. Introduction.

3.2.b – Text: Mantra-vyakhya





The concept of Prthvi as the Mother Earth.

The Contents of PRTHVI SUKTA.

The reverence & Concern of the Vedic Seers for Mother Earth.

3.2. Text: Mantras of Prthivi Sukta.

a- Introduction:

Prthivi is the personification of Earth. She has been designated as Mother Earth.

There are 63 hymns, in total, in this Sukta. This Sukta is also named as Bhumi

Sukta (Hymn- 17). She is depicted as the wife of Father Dyaus and mother of

Indra and Agni. She is also invoked as the wife of Parjanya (Hymn-42). She

gives us life, fortune, glory, wealth and what not. She is the all-bearing mother

earth on whom reside the men, animals, cows, horses, elephants, wild boar and

the bi-ped birds, like swans to eagles, all through the six seasons and day and

night. Even demons and beasts like tiger, lion, hyena, wolf, (all flesh eaters), rest

on her. Snakes, reptiles, scorpions, who get chilled by the winter, also, are reared

by her (Hymn- 46). Mention of worm is there, which revives with the rain water

to stir and make the land fertile (Hymn-46). The oceans, rivers, lakes contain the

pious and nurturing water for all, living on her. She gave space to Gods to fight

battles against the evil-doer demons. She creates and procures food and

medicines. She shrinks and spreads for the well-being of her creation. She

protects us from the evil power, demon, the dusty whirl-wind and the bad spirit,


for she is the protector of all living beings. She keeps us afar from the aliens,

Gandharvas and the apsaras. She holds plants to uphold her. She holds the

priceless valuable mines (Hymn- 26). Gold, priceless gems, stone, rock are

stored in her, in plenty. The earth emits fragrance (गनधरवती पषिरवी), which makes the

lotus scented. Men, women, herbs, plants and water carry the fragrance from her.

(Hymn-23/24/25) ‘यसत गनधः पषिरवी सबभरव’. Colour of the earth is dusky and ruddy.

She can be made stable, only, by adhering to the path of Truth, Penance,

Sacrifice and constant Prayers. Maintaining ‘Tranquility’ and abiding the ‘Law

of Nature’ lead us to sustain ourselves. The Rsis are the makers of this world,

who performed the Sacrifices, sitting on her on the altars and prayed for the

cows. She is glorified in the gatherings of folk, who speak various languages and

sitting on her perform rites for granting fire, water, air, sylvan beauty and the

Sun.

In the later ages, her idol is carved as ‘Caturbhuja’ (चतभाजा) or ‘Dvibhuja’ (षिभजा).

She holds Vegetables, bowl, full of medicinal herbs, pitch filled with water and

pomegranate in her four hands. In her two-handed icon she holds an ‘utpala’

whereas the posture of the left hand is ‘abhaya-hasta’. All these are associated

with her and the ideas, behind this symbolic icon, have been mentioned in the

Prthivi sukta.

In this Sukta the Devata is Bhumi and Rsi is Atharvan. Several Metres have been

used in these hymns like Tristup, Anustup, Jagati and others. The first mantra is

composed in Tristup and the last one, i.e. the 63rd hymn, is in Anustup metre.

From 8th onwards the hymns are in 3 lines to 6 lines. For example, the 10th hymn

is in टपदाजगती metre.

Viniyoga of these mantras is performed separately according to different

tradition. In this book, 21 mantras out of 63,only, have been explained with

notes.

B- TEXT: MANTRA-VYAKHYA.

RSI, DEVATA, CHANDA, VINIYOGA —

ÒeLece metkeÌleced

ÜeoMes keÀeC[s Heáe metÊkeÀeefve Heáe ®eevegJeekeÀeë ~ Òel³eskeÀefmceved ûevegJeekesÀ SkeÀefceefle met$eHeáekeÀm³e J³eJemLee ~

le$esoceeefoceb metkeÌleb ef$e<eefsdìcev$eelcekeÀced, $eÝef<ejLeJee&, YetefceoxJelee, ívo:- 1.3.17.26, 31, 55, 60

- ef$eägHed; 2- YetefjkedÀef$eägHed; 4-6, 10, 38- HeìdHeoe peieleer; 7- ÒemleejHe*defkeÌleë; 8, 11- <eìdHeoe


efJeje[efäë; 6-HejevegägHed; 12, 13, 15, 37 - HeáeHeoe MekeÌJejer; 14- ceneye=nleer; 16, 21-

meecveer ef$eägHed; 18-<eìdHeoe ef$eägyevegägyieYee&efleMekeÌJejer; 19- Gjesye=nleer; 20- efJeje[gjesye=nleer; 22-

<eìdHeoe efJeje[eflepeieleer; 23-HeáeHeoe efJeje[eflepeieleer; 24- HeáeHeoevegägyieYee&; 25-

meHleHeoesef<CeievegägyieYee& MekeÌJejer; 26-21, 33, 35, 39 40, 50, 54, 56, 59, 63 -

ÞevegägHed; 53 - HegjesyeeJe&leeçvegägHed; 30- ef$eHeoeb efJeje*diee³e$eer, 32- Hegjmleepp³ees efleefleefm$eägHed; 34-

<eìdHeoe; ef$eägyye=nleerieYee&eflepeieleer; 36-efJeHejerleHeeoue#cee He*d efkeÌleë, 21- <eìdHeoe keÀkegÀcceleer MekeÌJejer;

42- mJeje[vegägHe; 43- efJeje[emleejHe*defkeÌleë; 44, 45, 49- peieleer; 46- <eìdHeoevegägyieYee&

HejeMekeÌJejerë 47- <eìdHeoesef<CeievegägyieYe& HejeefleMekeÌJejer; 48- HegjeçvegägHed; 52- <eìdHeoevegägyieYee&

keÀkegÀcceleer MekeÌJejer; 520 HeáeHeoevegägyieYee& Hejeeflepeieleer; 57- Hegjespeeielee peieleer; 58-Hegjmleeodye=nleer;

61- Hegjesyeen&lee ef$eägHed; 62- HejeefJejeìd (efve®e=led) ef$eägHed ~ cev$eeë - 63 ~~

``He=efLeJeermetkeÌlecesleled ~ Deefmceved He=efLeJ³eeë ÒeYetleb efvemeie&JeCe&veced ~ keÀefleef®eled HeewjeefCekeÀerë keÀLee½eevegue#³e

JeCe&veced ~

`mecÒeoe³eevegmeejsCe leg metkeÌlecesleod yengefJeOeb efJeefve³egp³eles ~ leÐeLee mel³eb ye=nledFl³evegJeekeÀes Jeemlees<Hel³eieCes

Heefþleë ~ Þem³e ieCem³e efJeefve³eesieë `FnwJe Oe´=Jeeced` (Òe.3~12) Fefle met$es êäJ³eë ~ leLee Deeûene³eCeerkeÀcee|Ce

je$eew ÒeY³eeleeveevleb ke=ÀlJee $e³e½ejJeë ÞeHeef³eleJ³eeë ~ leleë DevesveevegJeekesÀve Òeivesë He½eeod ielex oYee&veemleer³e&

SkeÀb ®e©b meke=Àled meJe&ngleb pegnesefle ~ efÜleer³eb ®e©ced ÒevesveevegJeekesÀve mecHeel³eeefYecev$³e ÒeMveeefle ~ le=leer³eb ®e©b

mel³eb ye=nod Fl³eeÐeeefYeë meHleefYeë $eÝefiYeë `Yetces ceeleë` (36) Fl³eäc³ee ®e®ee& ef$epeg&nesefle ~

Òeäeveece=®eeceeJe=l³ee nesce$e³eb mebHeeÐeefcel³eLe&ë ~ Deivesë Heed®eeÎYex<eg keÀefMeHeg le=Cece³eb ÒemlejCeceemleer³e&

efJece=iJejerced (29) Fl³eve³eesHeefJeMeefle ~ ³eemles efMeJeeë (Òe. 9~2~25) Fefle mebefJeMeefle ~ ³e®í³eeveë

(34) Fefle He³ee&Jele&ves ~ `mel³eb Je=nod’ Fefle veJeefYeë `MeefvleJee` (59) Fl³e=®ee `Goe³eg<ee` (Òe.

3~31~10;11) Fefle ÜeY³eeb ®e Òeele©efÊeÿefle ~ GÜ³eced (Òe. 7~55~7) Fefle ie®íefle ~

`GoerjeCeeë` (28) Fl³e=®ee Òee*d Jeeso*d Jee yee¿elees ie®íleer ~ ³eeJeÊes (33) mel³e=®ee YegJeceer#eles ~

Fl³eeûene³eCeerkeÀce& ~

leLee HegefäkeÀeceë GVeleb mLeuecee©¿e `³eeJeÊes` (33) Fl³e=®ee F&#eles ~

leLee ÒevesveevegJeekesÀveesoHee$HmecHeel³e Hegjmleeoivesë meerjb ³egkeÌleb mecÒees#eefle ~

leLeevesveevegJeekesÀve ke=Àef<ekeÀce& YeJeefle ~ le®®e meerje `³eg¡eefvle` (De.3~~7) Fefle met$es efJemlejsCeeskeÌleb êäJ³eced ~

leLee Heg$eOeveeefomeJe&HeÀueÒeeHl³e³eb `³em³eeb meoesnefJeOee&ves` (38-40) Fefle efleme=efYejep³eb pegnesefle ~

leLee Je´erefn³eJeeÐeVekeÀeceë `³em³eeceVeced` (42) Fl³e=®ee He=efLeJeercegHeefleÿles ~


leLee ceefCeefnjC³eeefokeÀeceë `efveefOeb efyeYe´leer` (44; 45) Fefle Üec³eeb He=efLeJeercegHeefleÿle ~

leLee ÒeeH³eeefHe ceefCeb efnjC³eb Jee ÒeeY³eecesJeesHeefleäles ~

leLee HegefäkeÀecees Je=efäkeÀeues `³em³eeb ke=À<Ceb` (52) Fl³e=®ee veJeesokeÀceefYecev$³e Òee®eceveb mveeveb ®e keÀjesefle ~

leogkeÌleb keÀewefMekesÀve ö`mel³eb ye=nod Fl³eeûene³eC³eeced ~ He½eeoiveso&Yex<eg Keoe³eeb meJe&ngleced ~ efÜleer³eb

mebHeeleJevleceMveeefle ~ le=leer³em³eeefoueë meHleefYeë `Yetces ceeleë` Fefle ef$epeg&nesefle ~ Heed®eeoiveso&Yex<eg

`keÀefMeJJeemleer³e&` efJece=iJejerced Fl³egHeefJeMeefle ~ `³eemles efMeJeeë` Fefle mebefJeMeefle ~ `³e®í³eeveë` Fle

He³ee&Jele&les ~ veJeefYeë `MeefvleJee` Fefle oMec³ee `Goe³eg<ee` Fl³egHeesefÊeÿefle ~ `GÜ³eced` Fl³eglkeÀeceefle ~

`ToerjeCeeë` Fefle $eerefCe Heoeefve Òee*d Jeeso*d Jee Jee¿es veesHeefve<¬eÀc³e `³eeJeÊes Fefle Jeer#eles ~ GVelee®®e ~

Hegjmleeoivesë meerjb ³egÊkeÀcegoHee$esCe mecHeeleJeleeJeefmeáeefue ~ Þee³eespeveeveeceH³e³eë ~ `³em³eeb meoesnefJeOee&ves` Fefle

pegnesefle Jejes ce Þeeieefce<³eleerefle ~ `³em³eeceVeced` Fl³egHeefleÿles ~ `efveefOeb efJeYe´leer` Fefle ceefCeb efnjC³ekeÀeceë ~

`³em³eeb ke=À<Ceced` Fefle Jee<e&ke=Àlem³ee®eeceefle efMejm³eeve³eles ~` (keÀeQ. met. 24~24-41) Fefle ~ Jejes

JejCeer³eesçLeex cece YeJesefol³eLe&ë ~

leLee ûeeceHeÊeveeefoj#eeLe&³evesveevegJeekesÀve ®elegjë Hegjes[eMeeved ÒeMceeslejeved ke=ÀlJee ûeeceeefokeÀesCes<eg efveKeveefle ~ leLee

ûeece ö HeÊeveeefoj#eeLe&cevesveevegJeekesÀve SkewÀkeÀm³e Hegjes[eMem³eesHeefj Hee<eeCeb ke=ÀlJee GYe³eeved mecHeeleJeleë ke=ÀlJee

ûeeceeefokeÀesCes<eg efveKeveefle ~ meJe&$e ÒeefleêJ³eb metÊkeÀeJe=efleë ~

leLee Òeivesje³elevem³e ÒemevleeHe³egkeÌles osMes Me³eeveë SlecevegJeekebÀ peHeefve ~ meJe&$e keÀce&Ceeb efJekeÀuHeë ~

leogkeÌleb keÀewefMekeÀmet$esö`Yeewcem³e ¢eflekeÀceee|Ce ~ Hegje[esMeeved ÒeedceesÊejeved Òevleë m$eefÊkeÀ<eg efveoOeeefve ~

GYe³eevlemebHeeleJeleë ~ meYeeYeeieOeeves<eg ®e ~ ÒemebleeHes p³eesefleje³elevem³ewkeÀleesçv³eb Me³eevees Yeewceb peHeefle`

(keÀew.met. 38, 12-16) Fle ~

`leLee Yetefce®eueves Dem³eevetJeekeÀm³e nesces efJeefve³eesieë ~ `ÒeLe ³e$ewleod Yetefce®euees YeJeefle` Fl³eg$keÀc³eeskeÌleb

keÀewefMekesÀve ö`mel³eb ye=nod` Fl³evesveevegJeekesÀve peg©³eeled ~ mee le$e Òee³eef½eefÊeë` (keÀew.met. 98, 1; 3,4)

Fefle ~

leLee meesce³e%es oeref#eleefve³eces<eg cet$eHegjer<eMeg×d³ele¥ ueesäeoeves Òem³e efJeefve³eesieë ~ leogkeÌleb Jewleeves `mel³eb ye=nod`

Fefle ueesäceeoe³e` (Jewlee. Þeew. met. 12-’)


`leLee `HeeefLe&JeeR metefcekeÀecem³e` (Meeb.keÀ. 17~5) Fefle efJeefnlee³eeb HeeefLe&J³eeb ceneMeevleew Òem³eevegJeekeÀm³e

efJeefve³eesieë ~ leogkeÌleb MeeefvlekeÀuHes ö``mel³eb ye=nod Fl³evegJeekeÀë HeeefLe&J³eeced`` ~ (Meeb.keÀ. 18~8) Fefle ~

meb.Hee.- mel³eb ye=nÎlecegûeb oer#ee leHees ye´¿e ³e%eë He=efLeJeeR Oeej³eefvle ~

mee vees Yetlem³e YeJ³em³e Helv³eg©b ueeskebÀ He=efLeJeer veë ke=ÀCeesleg ~~1~~

HeoHeeþë

mel³eced ~ ye=nled ~ $eÝleced ~ Gûeced ~ oer#ee ~ leHeë ~ ye´ïe ~ ³e%eë ~ He=efLeJeerced ~ Oeej³eefvle ~ mee ~

veë ~ Yetlem³e ~ YeJ³em³e ~ YeJ³em³e ~ Helveer ~ G©ced ~ ueeskeÀced ~ He=efLeJeer ~ veë ~ ke=ÀCeesleg ~~1~~

DevJe³eö ye=nled mel³eced, Gûeced $eÝleced, oer#ee, leHeë, yeńe, ³e%eë (Sles) He=efLeJeer Oeej³eefvle ~ mee veë Yetlemve³e

YeJ³em³e He$eer He=efLeJeer (Fceb) G©b ueeskebÀ veë ke=ÀCeesleg ~

MeyoeLe& ö mel³eced = mel³e, ye=nled= efJeMeue, ceneved, $eÝleced= MeeÞele efve³eced, GÒeced= Òe®eC[, oer#ee= ³e%e

mes HetJe& ³epeeceeve keÀe mebmkeÀej, leHeë= leHem³ee, ye´¿e= ÒeeLe&vee, ye´¿e, ³e%eë= ³e%e, He=efLeJeerced= He=efLeJeer keÀes,

Oeej³eefvle= OeejCe keÀjles nw, mee= Jen, veë = nceejs, Yetlem³e= Yetle keÀer, YeJ³em³e= YeefJe<³e keÀer, He$eer=

jef#ekeÀe, G©ced= efJeMeeue, ueeskeÀced= ueeskeÀ keÀes, He=efLeJeer= He=efLeJeer, veë= nceejs efue³es, ke=ÀCeesleg= keÀjs ~

meb.Yee.ö mel³eb meefle meeOeg mevleceLe&cee³e³eefle Òel³ee³e³eefle Fefle efve©keÌl³ee ³eLeeLe&Yee<eCeced ~ `mel³eb keÀmceeled

melmeg lee³eles melÒeYeJeb Jee YeJeefle` (efve©. 3-3-1) ~ Jeeef®ekebÀ ³eLeeLe&Yee<eCeefceefle mee³eCeë ~ ye=nled cenled ~

mecelmel³eefceefle ~ $eÝleb JeweféekebÀ mel³eb me=äsefve&³eecekebÀ yeueced ~ ceevemeb ³eLeeLe&me¹uHeveefceefve mee³eCeë ~ Gûeced

ÒeYeerÜb leerJećed ~ leHeë leHe½ejCeced ~ oer#ee Je´leefve³eceOeejCeced ~ ye´¿e Jesoë ~ JesoesHeefoäb %eeveb ye´ïe®e³e& ®e ~

`ÒeLeecetleb ye´ïeCees ªHeb ÒeeCe½ee³ecevlejekeÀeMeë ~` (cee.Me. 14~5~3~8) Fefle ye´ïeCeeocetle&ceefHe ~

³e%ees osJeHetpeeme²eflekeÀjCeoeveªHeë ~ DeLeJee Òelcee Jew ³e%eë (cee.Me. $eÝ~2~1~7) FefLe yeéïeCeesÊkeÀë ~

leÊJeev³esleeefve He=efLeJeeR Oeej³eefvle ~ meJewjslewë He=efLeJeer Ie=lee, Dele SJe efmLeje ~ SJebefJeOee mel³eeefoefYeIee&³e&ceeCee

³es³eb He=efLeJeer He=LJeer efMeMeeuee Yetefceë, Yetlem³e HetJe&ceglHeVem³e, leLewJe YeJ³em³e GlHelm³eceevem³e, Jele&ceevem³eeefHe

Jemlegpeelem³e ®e Helveer ÒeYeefJe$eer Heeueef³e$eer Jee, veë DemceY³eced G©b efJemleerCeb He³ee&Hleb ueeskebÀ o=efäce³ee&oeHe³e&vleb

efJeMeeueb YetYeeieb efveJeemeke=Àäeefo³eesi³eb mLeeveb ke=ÀCeesleg keÀjesleg ~ ooeeflJel³eLe&ë ~ ye=nod, ye=n Je=Îew Fl³em³e

`Jele&ceeves He=<eod ye=nod0` (G. 2~84) Fefle efveHeeleë ~ $eÝlecelex efveÿe ~ Gûeced G®³eleerefle ~ T®e meceJee³ees

Fl³emceeod `$eÝp$es0` (G. 2~28) jved Òel³e³eë, ie½eevleeosMeë ~ oer#ee, oer#e ceewC[d³esp³eesHeve³eveeoew cJeeosë

ìel³eLee&keÀcebkeÀ0` (Hee. 3~4~72) Fefle keÀlee|j ÊkeÀë, ìeHed ~ ye´ïe ye=bnleerefle ~ ye=efn Je=×ew cJeeosë


`ye=nsvedx®®e` ~ (G. 4~146) Fefle ceefveved, Oeeleesve&m³e ®eeoeosMeë ~ ³e%eë Fp³eles Devesvee$e Jee~ ³epesë `³epe

³ee®e0` (Hee~ 3~3~90) ve*d ~ He=efLeJeer ÒeLe efJemleejs `ÒeLesë ef<eJeved mecÒemeejCeb ®e` (G. 1~149)

`Hel³egveex ³e%emeb³eesies` (Hee. 4~1~33) Fefle veë *erHed ®e ~ ueeskebÀ ueeskeÀ³ele Fefle ueeskeÀë ~ ueeske=ÀoMe&ves

Ie_ed ~

efn.Deb ö ceneve ³el³e, Òe®eC[ Meeéele efve³ece, oer#ee, leHem³ee, cev$e, Deewj ³e%e (Fme) He=efLeJeer keÀes OeejCe

keÀjles nQ ~ Jen nceejs Yetle Deewj YeefJe<³e keÀer j#ee keÀjves Jeeueer He=efLeJeer (Fme) efJeMeeue ueeskeÀ keÀes nceejs efue³es

keÀjs ~

ENGLISH TRANSLATION —

The great Truth, the terrible Eternal law. the conscraling Rite, penance, prayer, and

Sacrifice (all these) uphold the Earth. May she, the protector of our past and future, the

earth, make this vast world for us.

Notes —$eÝleced —See notes on $eÝlem³e (RV.I.18) ye´ïee – When the word ye´ïee accents the

first syllable it means ‘Prayer’. Oeej³eefvle dhr ‘to hold’, cous. Pres. 3rd. plu. ke=ÀCeesleg Kr

‘to make’ impy. 3rd. sing.

meb.Hee.ö ÒemebyeeOeb ceO³eles ceeveJeeveeb ³em³ee GodJeleë ÒeJeleë meceb yeng ~

veeveeJeer³ee& Òees<eOeer³ee& efyeYe|le He=efLeJeer veë ÒeLeleeb jeO³eleeb veë ~~2~~

He.Hee. - ÒemecedçyeeOeced ~ ceO³eleë ~ ceeveJeeveeced ~ ³em³eeë ~ GledçJeleë ~ ÒeçJeleë ~ mececed ~ yeng ~

veeveeçJeer³ee&ë ~ Òees<eOeerë ~ ³ee ~ efyeYeefle& ~ He=efLeJees ~ veë ~ ÒeLeleeced ~ jeO³eleeced ~ veë ~~2~~

DevJe³e - (³ee) ceeveJeeveeb ceO³eleë DemebyeeOeb (Deefmle); ³em³eë GÜleë ÒeJeleë meceb yeng (ÒeosMeeë meefvle); ³ee

veeveeJeer³ee&ë Dees<eOeerë efyeYeefle&, (mee) He=efLeJeer veë ÒeLeleeced, veë jeO³eleeced ~

MeyoeLe& ö DemebyeeOeced= yeeOeejefnle, ceO³eleë= ceO³e ceW, ceeveJeeveeced= ceveg<³ees kesÀ, ³em³eeë= efpemekesÀ,

GÜleë= Tb®es, ÒeJeleë= veer®es, mececed= meceleue, yeng= yengle, veeveeJeer³ee&ë= DeveskeÀ Heje¬eÀceJeeueer,

Dees<eOeerë= Dees<eefOe³ees keÀes, ³ee= pees, efyeYeefle&= Hees<eCe keÀjleer nw, He=efLeJeer= He=efLeJeer, veë= nces, ÒeLeleeced=

HewÀueeJes, jeO³eleeced= mece=× keÀjs, veë= nceW ~


meb.Yee.- ceeveJeeveeb meleesë mecyeefvOeveeb cevetHeefoäb Oece& ®ejleeb cel³ee&veeb ceO³eleë les<eeb efveJeemeYetleYetÒeosMeosJe,

lewjsJe mececed, ÒemebyeeOeb mebJeeOee efveJeemeefJeOvees ³eLee les<eeb ve YeJeefle leLe ³em³eeë He=efLeJ³ee GÜleë Gef®í^leeë Òeosee

efieefjefMeKejefoªHeeë, ÒeJeleë ojeriegnekeÀvojeÐeeë ÒeOeëÒeosMeeë yeng ÒeefOekeÀefJemleejb, meceb mecemLeueced

DeefvecveesVeleeë meceeë ÒeosMeeë meefvle ~ ³ee ®e He=efLeJeer Yetefceë veeveeJeer³ee&ë efJeefJeOeew<eOeer³eiegCee Òees<eIeerë

uelee*dkegÀjeÐeeë Je=#eJevemHel³eeÐee½e, efyeYeefle& Yetceew Òeª{e Oeej³eefle ~ mes³eb He=efLeJeer `ÒeÒeLele He=efLeJeer` (lew.meb.

2~1~2~3) Fefle Þegl³egÊkeÀe ÒeLeveMeeruee Yetefceë, veë ÒemceY³eb ÒeLeleeced ÒeefOekeÀefJemleeje YeJeleg ~

efveJeemeke=À<³eeefo³eesi³eeveefOekeÀevÒeosMeeved ÒemceY³eb efJelejleg ~ veë ÒemceY³eb ®e jeO³eleeb keÀce&efmeef×oe YeJeleg ~

ÒemecyeeOeced `ÒeJ³e³eerYeeJe½e` (Hee. 2~4~18) Fefle veHegbmekeÀced ~ ceO³eleë ceO³eeled Heáec³eLex leefmeU ~ GÜleë

GogHemeiee&led `GHemeiee&®ívoefme OeelJeLex` (Hee. 5~1~118) Fefle Jeefleë ~ leeved ~ leLewJe ÒeJeleë ~

efn.De.ö (pees) ceveg<³eeW kesÀ ceO³e yeeOeejefnle nw; efpemekesÀ Tb®es, veer®es leLee meceleue DeveskeÀ (ÒeosMe) nw, pees

veevee Heje$keÀceJeeueer Dees<eefOe³eeW keÀes OeejCe keÀjleer nw, (Jen) He=efLeJeer nceW HewÀueeJes Deewj nceW mece=× keÀjs ~

ENGLISH TRANSALATION :-

Among men (who) is unobstructed; whose are mjany high, low and level (plains), who

bears the plants endowed with many variewd powers, may (she) the Earth spread wide

for us and make us prosperous.

Notes – DemebJeeOeced ö ve_ed meced badh ‘too bstruct’, Grifftth takes it to mean ‘not

crowded by the crowd’. – Gotleë, ÒeJeleë ö See Gêlee and ÒeJelee (Rv. 1.35.3). veeveeJeer³ee&–

Having many varied powers. Bahuvrihi compd. Accented on the first member.

efyeYeefle&bhr ‘to bear’ pres. 3rd. sind. not unaccented because preceded by ³ee. Òe³eleebced –

prath ‘to spread’ Atm. impv. 3rd. sing.jeO³eleeced öradh ‘to accomplish’. Atm. Impv. 3rd.

sing; not unaccented because beginning of a sentence.

meb.Hee. - ³em³eeb mecegê Gle efmevOegjeHees ³em³eecevveb ke=Àä³eë meb yeYetJegë ~

³em³eeefceob efpevJeefle ÒeeCeospeled mee vees Yetefceë HetJe&Hes³es oOeeleg ~~3~~


HeoHeeþë

³em³eeced ~ mecegêë ~ Gle ~ efmevOegë ~ ÒeeHeë ~ ³em³eeced ~ ÒeVeced ~ ke=Àä³eë ~ mecedçyeYetJegë ~ ³em³eeced ~

Foced ~ efpevJeefle ~ ÒeeCeled ~ Speled ~ mee ~ veë ~ Yetefceë ~ HetJe&çHes³es ~ oOeeleg ~~3~~

DevJe³e - ³em³eeb mecegêë Gle efmevOegë DeeHeë, ³em³eeced DeVeb ke=Àä³eë mebyeYetJegë; ³em³eeced Fob efJevJeefle, ÒeeCeled,

Speled; mee Yetefceë veë HetJe&Hes³es oOeeleg ~

MeyoeLe& ö³em³eeced= efpemeHej, mecegêë= mecegê, Gle= Deewj, efmevOegë= veoer, DeeHeë= peue, ³em³eeced= efpeme

Hej, DeVeced= DeVe, ke=Àä³eë= ceveg<³e, mebyeYetJegë= melee ceW nQ, mem³eeced= efpemeHej, Foced= ³en meye,

efpevJeefle= Òemeveve neslee nw, ÒeeCeled= mebeme ueslee nw, Speled= efJe®ejCe keÀjlee nw, mee= Jen, veë= nces,

Yetefceë= He=efLeJeer, HetJe&Hes³es= ÒeLece mLeeve ceW, oOeeleg= Òeefleÿeve keÀjs ~

me.Yee. - ³em³eeb Yetc³eeb mecegêë ÒeCe&Jees Jele&les ~ Gle ÒeefHe ®e, efmevOegë veoveoerÒeJeene Jele&vles ~ ÒeeHeë

efvePe&jle[eieeo³eë peueeMe³eeë ®e Jele&vles ~ ³em³eeced GJe&je³eeb #es$eJel³eeced, ÒeVeb Je´erefn³eJeeefokebÀ ceveg<³eeCeeb

Yeesp³eb pee³eles ~ ³em³eeb ®e He=efLeJ³eeb ke=Àä³eë ke=Àef<ekeÀce&kegÀMeuee pevemecetneë mecyeYetJegë HetJe¥ mebYetlee DeOegveeçefHe

mebYeJeefvle ~ ³em³eeb ®e Yetceew Fob ÒeeCeled ÒeeCeJeppeerJepeeleb, Speled ®esäceeveb meled ef¬eÀ³eejleb meled, e fpevJeefle

efJe®ejefle ~ mee Yetefceë ef#eefleë, veë Òemceeved, HetJe&Hes³es HetJexCeeefûecesCe Hes³eced DeemJeeÐeb meescejmeeefokebÀ leefmceved

meesce³eeieeefo<eg meesceHeeveeJemejsçefûeceW ceeveenx Hes³e$keÀces oOeeleg mLeeHe³eleg ~ ³eÜe HetJe¥ YeespeveelHetJe¥ Hes³es

iees#eerjeefoyeengu³esçmceeved oOeeleg ~ Yetcesë Òemeeosve Je³eb ÒeLeceW meesceHeeef³eveë ÒeYetle#eerjHeeef³evees Jee YeJesce ~ mecegêë

mecegveÊeerefle ~ mebHetJee&od Gvoer keÌuesoves ~

efn.Deb- efpeme (He=efLeJeer) Hej mecegê, veoer Deewj peue nw; efpeme Hej DeVe leLee ÒeeCeer meÊee ceW nQ; efpeme Hej ³es

(meYeer) Deeveefvole nesles nQ, meebme uesles nQ leLee efJe®ejCe keÀjles nQ, Jen Yetefce nceW meJe&ÒeLece mLeeve ceW Òeefleefÿle

keÀjs ~

©Oeeosë mHeÀeef³eleefáe. (G. 2~13) Fl³eewCeeefokeÀes jkedÀ-Òel³e³eë ~ efmevOegë m³evovles ÒeeHeë Òeefmceved ~ m³evot

ÒeñeJeCes YJeeosë `m³evosë mecÒemeejCeb Oe½e` (G. 1~11) Fefle Gë Òel³e³eë, ³ekeÀejm³e mecÒemeejCeb om³e ®e

Oeë ~ ÒeVeced DeÐeles leled ~ ÒeÊesë keÀce&efCe ÊkeÀë ~ ke=Àä³eë keÀ<e&vleerefle ke=À<e efJeuesKeves Fl³emceeled `eflkeÀ®eÊkeÀew ®e

meb%ee³eeced` (Hee. 3~3~174) Fefle efÊkeÀ®ed ~ `ke=Àä³e Fefle ceveg<³eveece, keÀce&Jevlees YeJeefvle efJeke=Àäosne Jee`

(efve©. 10~22) Fefle efve©ÊkeÀceefHe ~ efpevJeefle iel³eLe&ë (efveIe. 2~14) ~


ENGLISH TRANSLATION :-

In whom are the ocean, river and waters. In whom are existed the food and the

creatures; in whom are active, breathing and moving; may this Earth place us in first

drink.

Notes –ke=Àä³eë ö Nom. plu. of ke=Àefä from Krs ‘to plough’. Griffith takes it to mean

‘corn – lands’. But in the present context it should be taken to mean creatures, that live

on food. mebyeYetJegë ö meced + bhu ‘to be’ perf. 3rd. pllu.; not unaccented because preceded

by – efpevJeefle ö Jinu ‘to puicken’ pres. 3rd. sing; not unaccented because preceded by -

³em³eeced ÒeeCeled ö Òe + an ‘to breathe’; here Upasarga is not separated by avagraha in the

padatext; because is not used as independent word. Speled - ej ‘to stir’ + Mele=. HegJe&Hes³es ö

Upapada ccompd. Accented on the second member (ieeflekeÀejkeÀesHeHeoemke=Àled Pan. VI.2.139).

meb.Hee.- ³em³ee½eleñeë ÒeefoMeë He=efLeJ³ee ³em³eecevveb ke=Àä³eë meb yeYetJegë ~

³ee efyeYeefle& yengOee ÒeeCeospeled mee vees Yetefceieex<JeH³eVes oOeeleg ~~4~~

He.Hee. - ³em³eeë ~ ®elem$eë ~ ÒeçefoMeë ~ He=efLeJ³eeë ~ ³eçm³eeced ~ ÞeVeced ~ ke=Àä³eë ~ mecedçyeYetJegë ~ ³ee ~

efJeYeefle& ~ yengçOee ~ ÒeeCeled ~ Speled ~ mee ~ veë ~ Yetefceë ~ iees<eg ~ ÞeefHe ~ ÞeVes ~ oOeeleg ~~4~~

DevJe³e ö³em³eeë He=efLeJ³eeë ®elem$eë ÒeefoMeë (meefvle); ³em³eeced DeVeb ke=Àä³eë mebyeYetJegë ³ee ÒeeCeod Speled yengOee

efJeYeefle&; mee Yetefceë veë iees<eg DeVes DeefHe oOeeleg ~

Meyoe.- ³em³eeë = efpemekesÀ, peleñeë= ®eej, ÒeefoMeë= efoMee³eW, He=efLeJ³ee= He=efLeJeer keÀer, ³em³eeced=

efpemeHej, DeVeced= DeVe, ke=Àä³eë= ÒeeCeer, mebyeYetJegë= meÊee ceW nQ, ³ee= pees, efyeYeefle&= OeejCe keÀjleer nw,

yengOee= DeveskeÀ ÒekeÀej mes, ÒeeCeled= mebeme uesvesJeeues keÀes, Speled= efJe®ejCe keÀjvesJeeues keÀes, mee= Jen, veë=

nceW, Yetefceë= He=efLeJeer, iees<eg= iee³eeW ceW, DeefHe= Yeer, DeVes, oOeeleg= OeejCe keÀjs ~

meb.Yee. - ³em³eeë Þem³eeë He=efLeJ³eeë ÒeLeveMeeruee³ee Yetcesë, ®eleñeë ÒeefoMeë YetJe&eÐee cegK³ee efoMe

Þeeives³eeefokeÀesCewë meefnlee Jele&vles ~ efoievleHe³e&vlee ceneefJemleejs³eb He=efLeJeerefle YeeJeë ~ ³em³eeb ®ewlem³eeced ÞeVeb

ceveg<³eejeceenej³eesi³eced, ke=Àä³ees pevemecetne½e leogHeYeesÊkeÀejë mecyeYetJegë mebYetleeë mebYeefJe<³eefvle ®e ~ ³ee ®e


Yetefceë yengOee veeveepeeleer³eceveskeÀÒekeÀejb ÒeeCeled éemeppeerJeled ÒeeefCepeeleced Speled ®esäceeveb efÜHee®®eleg<HeeoeefokebÀ

efyeYee&le Oeej³eefle GojHetjCesve Heg<Ceeefle ~ mee Yetefceë, veë Þemceeved iees<eg oOeeleg, JeeCeer<eg JeeCeerÒe³eesiemeeceL³ex

oOeeleg ~ ÒeLeJee iees<eg #eerefj<eg HeMeg<eg ~ cetcesë ke=ÀHe³ee He³ee&Hleb JeeCeerÒe³eesiemeeceL³e¥ ueYescenerl³eLe&ë ~ `ieewJez JeekedÀ

ieewefJe&je[d ieewefjob meJe&ced` (cew. meb. 4~2~3) Fefle ÞegeflejefHe ~ ³eÜe He³ee&Hleb ieesOeveb ueYescenerefle ~ DeVes ®e

oOeeleg Yetefceefj³eb ÒeYetleceVecemcel#es$es<etlHeeo³eleg ~

efn.De.öefpeme He=æefLeJeer keÀer ®eej osMeeceW nw; efpemeHej De$e leLee ÒeeefCe³eeW keÀer meÊee nw, pees meebme uesvesJeeues leLee

efJe®ejCe keÀjvesJeeues keÀes DeveskeÀ ÒekeÀej mes OeejCe keÀjleer nw, Jen He=efLeJeer nceW iee³ees ceW leLee DeVe ceW Òeefleefÿle

keÀjs ~


Earth of whose are the four quarters; in whom are existed the food and the creatures;

who holds varied may the breathing and moving (creatures) may Earth place us in cows

and also in food.

mebb.Hee.- ³em³eeb HetJex HetJe&pevee efJe®eefkeÀjs ³em³eeb osJee ÒemegjeveY³eJele&³eved ~

ieJeeceéeeveeb Je³eme½e efJeÿe Yeieb Je®e&ë He=efLeJeer vees oOeeleg ~~5~~

HeoHeeþë

He.Hee. - ³em³eeced ~ HetJex ~ HetJe&çpeveeë ~ efJeç®eefkeÀjs ~ ³em³eeced ~ osJeeë ~ Òemegjeved ~

ÞeefYeçÞeJele&³eved ~ ieJeeced ~ Þeéeeveeced ~ Je³emeë ~ ®e ~ efJeçmLee ~ Yeieced ~ Je®e&ë ~ He=efLeJeer ~ veë ~

oOeeleg ~~5~~

DevJe³e öHetJex mem³eeb HetJe&pevee efJe®eef¬eÀjs, ³em³eeb osJeeë Demegjeved Dec³eJele&³eved; (³ee) ieJeeced Deéeeleeb Je³emeÞe

efJeÿe (Deefmle); (mee) He=efLeJeer veë Yeieb Je®e&ë oejleg ~

Meyoe.ö efJeéeYeje = meyekeÀe YejCe-Hees<eCe keÀjvesJeeueer, JemegOeeveer= Oeve keÀes OeejCe keÀjvesJeeueer, Òeefleÿe=

meyekesÀ Ke[s nesves keÀe mLeeve, efnC³eJe#ee = mJeCe& keÀer Je#emLeue$eeueer, peeleë= mebmeej keÀes, efveJesMeveer=

Deejece osves Jeeueer, Jewéeevejced= Jewéeevej Deefive keÀe SkeÀ veece nw, efJeYe´leer= OeejCe keÀjleer ngF& nw, Yetefceë=

He=efLeJeer, Deefiveced= DeefVe keÀes, Fvê$eÝ<eYee= Fvê Üeje mebjef#ele, He=efLeJeer= He=efLeJeer, vees= Fmes, oOeeleg=

Òeefleefÿle keÀjs ~


meb.Yee.ö ³em³eeb He=efLeJ³eeb, HetJex Hegjeleveeë HetJe&ceglHeVeeë, YetJe&peveeë Demceoer³eeë HetJe&Heg©<eeë, efJe®eef¬eÀjs efJeMes<esCe

veJeveJeeefve Jemletefve GlHeeo³eeceemegë, ³eÜe mebMeesOevesve mebmkeÀejb ÒeeHegë ~ ³em³eeb ®eem³ecesJe He=efLeJ³eeb osJee Fvêeo³eë

Òemegjeved Je=$eeoerved ÒeY³eJele&³eved HejeYeJeved~ osJee½eemegje½e He=efLeJ³eeb DeJemeved ~ `He=efLeJeer n nw meJex<eeb

osJeeveeceeÐeleveced ~` (Me.ye´e. 14~3~2~4) meefle ye´eïeCeceefHe ~ ³ee ®e He=efLeJeer ieJeeb ieJeeoerveeb #eerefjCeiced,

Òeéeeveeb Jeenvecetleeveeb YeejJeeefnveeb ®e HeMetveeb Je³emeë efJenieHeve²eosë meHe#em³e peerJemebcetnm³e, ³emJee

Je³emeesçVem³e ®e efJeÿe efJeMes<esj mLeeveYetlee meJex<eeb efveJeemeYetlee He=efLeJeer veë Òemcem³eb Ye³eced Ssée³e¥ Je®eex

ye´ïeJe®e&mJe ®e oOeeleg ooeleg ~

efn.De. ö Henues HetJe&pees ves efpemekesÀ THej efJe®ejCe efkeÀ³ee Lee; efpeme Hej osJeeW ves Demegjes keÀes Hejeefpele efkeÀ³ee

Lee; (pees) iee³ees, Deéees leLee Heef#e³ees keÀer efveJeeme mLeue nw, (Jen) He=efLeJeer nceW meewYeei³e leLee lespe OeejCe

keÀjeJes ~


On whom, in aforetime, the ancestors, battled; on whom the gods attacked the demons;

(who is) the varied station of cows, horses and birds; may this Earth vouchsafe us

fortune and luster.

Notes :-efJe®eef$keÀjs ö Kr. ‘to make’ Atm. Perf. 3rd. plu.; not unaccented because preceded

by ³em³eeced. Dec³eJele&³evedõ DeefYe +Vrt ‘to turn’ caus, impf. 3rd. plu; not unaccented

because preceded by ³em³eeced. efJeÿe ö efJe + stha to stand + keÀ.

meb.Hee. efJeéebYeje JemegOeeveer Òeefle<edbe efnjC³eJe#ee peielees efveJesMeveer ~

Jewéeevejb efyeYe´leer Yetefcejefiveefcevê$eÝ<eYee êefJeCees vees oOeeleg ~~6~~

HeoHeeþëö efJeéecedçYeje ~ JemegçOeeveer ~ ÒeefleçmLee ~ efnjC³eçJe#eeë ~ peieleë ~ efveçJesMeveer ~

Jewéeevejced ~ efyeYe´leer ~ Yetefceë ~ Òeefiveced ~ Fvêç$eÝ<eYee ~ êefJeCes ~ veë ~ oOeeleg ~~6~~

DevJe³e ö efJeéebceje, JemegOeeveer, Òeefleÿe, efnjC³eJe#ee, peeleë efveJesMeveer, Fvoj$eÝ<eYee Yetefceë Jewéeevejced Deefiveb

efyeYe´leer veë êefJeCes oOeeleg ~


Meyoeõ efJeéeYeje= meyekeÀe YejCe-keÀes<eCe keÀjvesJeeueer, yemegOeeveer= Oeve keÀes OeejCe keÀjvesJeeueer, Òeefleÿe=

meyekesÀ Ke[s nesves keÀe mLeeve, efnC³eJe#ee= mJej& keÀer Je#emLeueJeeueer, peeleë= mebmeej keÀes, efveJesMeveer= Deejece

osves Jeeueer, Jewéeevejced= Jewéeevej Deefive keÀe SkeÀ veece nw, efyeYe´leer= OeejCe keÀjleer ngF& nw, Yetefceë= He=efLeJeer,

Deefiveced= Deefive keÀes, Fvê$eÝ<eYee= Fvê Üeje mebjef#ele, êefJeCes= Oeve ceW, veë= nceW, oOeeleg= Òeefleefÿle

keÀjs ~

meb.Yee- ³ee Yetefceë efJeéebYeje ~ efJeéeb meceûe ®eje®ejb efyeYe´Cee Oeejef³e$eer Hees<eef³e$eer ®e YeJeefle ~ `ceelesJe Jee F³eb

ceveg<³eeved efyeYee|le~` ? (cee. Me. 5~3~1~4) Fefle ye´eïeCeceefHe YeJeefle ~ ³ee ®e JemegOeeveer JemetveeceveOee&Ceeb

jlveeveeb efJeOeeveYetlee, Òeefleÿe Òeiee{eOeejYetlee, efJejC³eJe#eeë Je#eefme megJeCee&oerveeb Oe$eea, peielees ieeflemJeYeeJem³e

peerJepeelem³e ®e mJemJeevegketÀues mLeeves, efveJesMeveer DeeJeemeef³e$eer DeeÞe³eYetlee YeJeefle ~ mes³eb Jewéeevejb efJeéeeved

vejeved mJeOecex ve³evleb Òesj³evleced Òeefiveb JesÐeeb efyeYe´leer Oeej³evleer meleer Fvê$eÝ<eYee YeJeefle ~ Fvêë $eÝ<eYees

jsleëmesÊkeÀe ³em³eemlee¢Meer YeJeefle ~ `³elHepe&v³eë He=efLeJeeW jslemeeçJeefle` Fefle ÞegeflejefHe YeJeefle ~

Hepe&v³esvesvêÒesefjlesve ³ee HeÀueJeleer YeJeleerefle YeeJeë ~ mee Yetefceë veë Òemceeved êefJeCes oOeeleg ~ Òe®egjb

efnjC³eHeéeeefoOevecemceY³eb ooeleg ~ efJeéebYeje efyeYelexë `meb%ee³eeb Ye=l$eÝJe=efpeOeeefj;` (Hee. 3~2~46) Fefle

Ke®ed, `Òe©efÜ&<eod.` (Hee. 6~3~67) Fefle cegced ~ JemegOeeveer Jemeg Oeer³elesçm³eeced ~ oOeelesjefOekeÀjCes u³egìd,

*erHed ~ peieleë iecesë efkeÌJeHed, efÜlJeb legkedÀ ®e ~ efveJesMeveer efveefJeMelesu³eg&ìd, *erHed ~

efn.De.ö meyekeÀe YejCe Hees<eCes keÀjves Jeeueer, Oeve keÀes OeejCe keÀjves Jeeueer, meyekesÀ Ke[s nesves keÀe mJeCe&Je#ee

mLeue Jeeueer, peieled keÀes Deejece osves Jeeueer, Fvê Üeje jef#ele He=efLeJeer Jewéeevej Deefive keÀes OeejCe keÀjleer ngF& nceW

Oeve ceW Òeefleefÿle keÀjs ~


(Who is) all-bearing. store of riches, firm standing-place, gold-breasted and harbouror

of the moving (world); may this Earth, having Indra as her protector. bearing the

universal Agni, place us in wealth.

Notes —JengYeje ö efJeéeb Yejleerefle mee ³ee efJeéebYeje. Tatpurusa compd, accented on the final

syllable (meceemem³e Pan. VI-1.223) JemegOeeveer — Jemeg + dha ‘to put’ + u³egìd + *erHed, efnjC³eJe#ee

— Bahuvrihi compd. accented on the first member, efveJesMeveer — See efveJeMeveerced (Rv.

I.35.1). efyeYe´leer — bhr. ‘to bear’ + Mele= + *erHe accented on the reduplicated syallable


(DeY³emleeveeceeefoë Pan-VI.1.189). Fvê$eÝ<eYee — Bahuvrihi compd, accented on the first

member.

meb.Hee.- ³eeb j#evl³emJeHvee efJeéeoeleeR osJee Yetefceb He=efLeJeerceÒeceeoced ~

mee vees ceOeg efÒe³eb ogneceLes G#eleg Je®e&mee ~~7~~

He.Hee.ö³eeced ~ j#eefvle ~ DeemJeHveeë ~ efJeéeçoeveerced ~ osJeeë ~ Yetefceced ~ He=efLeJeerced ~ DeÒeçceeoced ~

mee ~ veë ~ ceOeg ~ efÒe³eced ~ ogneced ~ DeeLees Fefle ~ G#eleg ~ Je®e&mee ~~7~~

DevJe³e ö ³ee&b He=efLeJeeR Yetefceced DemJeHveeë osJee efJeÞeoeveerced DeÒeceeob j#eefvle mee (He=efLeJeer) veë efÒe³ebceOeg ogneced

DeLees Je®e&mee G#eleg ~

Meyoe.ömeeced= efpemekeÀer, j#eefvle= j#ee keÀjles nQ, DemJeHveeë= keÀYeer ve meesvesJeeues, efJeéeoeveerced= meJe&oe,

osJeeë= osJe, Yetefceced= Yetefce, keÀes, He=efLeJeerced= ®eew[er, DeÒeceeoced= efJevee efkeÀmeer Òeceeo kesÀ, mee = Jen, veë=

nces, ceOeg= ceOegj, efÒe³eced= efÒe³e, ogneced= ®egDeeJes, DeLees= Deewj, G#eleg= efmeefáele keÀjs, Je®e&mee= lespe mes ~

meb.Yee.-³eeb He=efLeJeerb ÒeLeceMeerueecegJeea Yetefceced DemJeHveeë veeefmle mJeHvees efveêe les<eeb les efJeieleefveêe osJeeë ~

`peeûeefle osJeee` (cee.Me. 2~1~4~7), `ve Jew osJeeë mJeHeefvle` (cee.Me. 3~2~2~22) Fefle ye´eïeCecee fHe

YeJeefle ~ lee¢Meeë meleleb peeie=Jeebmees osJee ÐeesleveMeerueeë efJeéeoeveeR meJe&oe, DeLeJee YetceesefJe&Mes<eCeefceoced,

efJeéeeefve mecemeleeefve oeveeefve os³eJemletefve ³em³eemleeb Yetefceced ~ j#eefvle meJe&oe meeJeOeevee DeJeefvle ~ mee Yetefceë veë

Demcelke=Àles efÒe³eb ceveesçvegketÀueb efnb ®e ceOeg #eewêb Jee #eerjeefokebÀ ceOegjb Hes³eb, ceOegjb JeeçVeeefokebÀ ogneced megiOeeced ~

DemceY³eb Òe³e®íeflJelJeLe&ë ~ DeLees DeLe ®e ceOegjenejoevesve menwJe Je®e&mee ye´ïeJe®e&mee yeuesve Jee G#eleg Demceeled

DeefYeef<eáeleg ~ He=efLeJ³ee oÊesve ceOegjsCeeVesve Je³eb Je®ee|mJeveë m³ecesefve~ efJeéeoeveeR efJeéeeled `oeveeW ®e` (Hee.

5~3~18) Fefle oeveerced ~ ogneb ogiOeeced ognsueexefì Dee<e& ªHeced ~

efn.w.ö efpeme efJeMeeue Yetefce keÀer, keÀYeer ve meesvesJeeues osJe meJe&oe Òeceeo jefnle neskeÀj j#ee keÀjles nQ, Jen

(He=efLeJeer)nceW efÒe³e ceOeg ®egDeeJes Deewj lespe mes DeefYeefmeefáele keÀjs ~


The wide and all-giving Earth, whom the gods who never sleep always protect with

ceaseress care, may she pour out for us the lovely mead and sprinkle (ujs) with luster.


Notes —j#eefvle ö raks ‘to protect’ pres. 3rd. sing.; not unaccented because preceded by

³eeced. efJeéeoeveerced -efJeée + da ‘to give’ + u³egìd + *erHed. Sayana takes it as an adverb and

renders by `meJe&keÀeueced` (Sa. On RV.I. 164.40). Griffith following Sayana takes it to

mean ‘always’. According to MWD. efJeéeoeveercedmeans ‘all-giving’, ogneced õduh ‘to

milk’ impv. Atm. 3rd. Sing. See notes on (RV. VI 54.3) G#eleg – uks ‘to sprinkle’ impv.

3rd. sing.

meb.Hee.- ³eeCe&JesefOe meefueueceûe Deemeerled ³eeb mee³eeefYejvJe®ejvceveeref<eCeë ~

³em³ee Ëo³eb J³eesçcevlmel³esveeJe=lecece=leb He=efLeJ³eeë ~~

mee vees YetefceefmlJeef<eb yeueb jeäs oOeeletÊeces ~~8~~

He.Heeõ ³ee ~ DeCe&Jes ~ DeefOe ~ meefueueced ~ Deûes ~ Deemeerled ~ ³eeced ~ cee³eeefYeë ~ DevegçDe®ejved ~

ceveeref<eCeë ~ ³em³eeë ~ Ëo³eced ~ Hejces ~ efJeçDeesceved ~ mel³esve ~ DeeçJe=leced ~ Dece=leced ~ He=efLeJ³eeë ~ mee ~

veë ~ Yetefceë ~ eflJeef<eced ~ yeueced ~ jeä^s ~ oOeeleg ~ Gledçleces ~~8~~

DevJe³ee ö ³ee (He=efLeJeer) Deûes DeCe&Jes DeefOe meefueueced Deemeerled; ³eeb ceveeref<eCeë cee³eeefYeë DevJe®ejved; ³em³eeë

He=efLeJ³eeë mel³esve DeeJe=leced Dece=leb Ëo³eb Hejces J³eesceved (Deeefmle) mee Yetefceë veë GÊeces jeä^s eflJeef<eb yeue

oOeeleg ~

Meyoe.ö ³ee= pees, DeCe&Jes, DeefOe= THej, meefueueced= peue, Deûes= Henues, Deemeerled= Leer, ³eeced= efpemekeÀes,

mee³eeefYeë= keÀceex Üeje, ³ee= Jegef×mes, DevJe®ejved= DevegmejCe efkeÀ³ee Lee, ceveerefHeCeë= Jegef×ceevees ves,

³em³eeë= efpemekeÀe, Ëo³eced= Ëo³e, Hejces= meJeex®®e, J³eesceved= DeekeÀeMe ceW, mel³eesve= mel³eÜeje,

DeeJe=leced= ©keÀe ngDee nw, Dece=leced= mece=le, He=efLeJ³eeë= He=efLeJeer keÀe, mee= Jen, veë= nceW, Yetefceë= He=efLeJeer,

eflJeef<eced= lespe, yeueced= MeefkeÌle, jeäs= jeä^ ceW, oOeeleg= OeejCe keÀjeJes, GÊeces= meJe&Þesÿ ~

meb.Yee.ö ³ee He=efLeJeer Deûes me=äd³eejcYeelHetJe&ced DeCe&Jes DeefOe GoefOeceO³es meefueueb peueªHee peueceivee

Jeeçmeerled ~ `DeefÓë He=efLeJeeR DevJeeYeJeled ~` (keÀeþ. meb. 43~4), DeeHees Jee Foceemeved meefueuecesJe, me

ÒepeeHeefleJe&jenes YetlJeesHev³eceppeled, lem³e ³eeJevcegKeceemeerled leeJeleea ce=ocegonjled, mes³eb (He=efLeJeer) DeYeJeled ~

(keÀeþ. meb. 8~2) Fefle ÞegeflejefHe YeJeefle ~ ³eeb He=efLeJeeR ceveeref<eCees ceveme Fe|<eleejë Òee%ee~ ye´ïejepev³eeo³ees


cee³eeefYeë efJeefJeOewyege|×ÒekeÀ<exë efJeefJeOeeefYeefve&ceefCeef$keÀ³eeefYeë ke=Àef<ekeÀcee&efoefYeë DevJe®ejved efJevelee YetlJee

leecemesJevle ~ ³em³eeë Dem³ee Ëo³eb peerJeYetleb mel³esve $eÝlesve DeeJe=leb meJe&le Dee®íeefoleb megjef#eleced, Dele SJe

Dece=leb cejCeOece&jefnleb Hejces J³eesceved meJe&Þesÿs J³eesefcve efoefJe efmLeleced F&éejs mecee|Heleced ~ mee S<ee cetefceë veë

DemceY³eced GÊeces meJeee|leMeeef³eefve Þesÿs, jeä^s osMes meJe&$e peves<eg; eflJeef<eb HeeJeveb lespeë meeceL³e¥ Jee, yeueb ®e

Me$egOe<e&CeHe³ee&Hleb oOeeleg ³e®íleg ~ DeCe&Jes DeCeee|me peueeefve mevl³e$e ~ `DeCe&mees ueesHe½e` (Jee.

Hee.5~2~109) Fefle Jeë meueesHe½e ~ cee³eeefYeë cee*d ceeves pegnesl³eeosë `ceeíemeefmeY³ees ³eë ~`

(G.4~109) Fefle ³eë, ìeHed ®e ~ cee³ee yegef×ë `cee³ee m³ee®íecyejerye×³eesë Fefle cesefleveer. 116~46 ~

efn.De.ö pees Henues mecegê ceW peue kesÀ ªHe ceW Leer; efpemekeÀe yegef×ceevees ves DeHeveer Jegef× mes DevegmejCe efkeÀ³ee;

efpeme He=efLeJeer keÀe mel³e mes {keÀe ngDee keÀYeer ve cejves Jeeuee Ëo³e meJeex®®e DeekeÀeMe ceW nw; Jen He=efFJeer nceejs

meJe&Þesÿ jeä^ ceW lespe Deewj MeefkeÌle OeejCe keÀjeJes ~


Who at first was water in the ocean; whom the wise ones followed with their powers;

the Earth whose immortal heart, encompassed with Truth, is in the highest heaven; May

she, the Earth, bestow upon our great nation the luster and the power.

Notes – Deemeerled öas‘to be’. Impf. 3rd. sing.; not unccented because preceded by ³ee.

DevJe®ejved ö Deveg + car ‘to move’ imf. 3rd. plu.; not unaccented because preceded by ³eeced.

J³eesçceved – Loc. sing. termination has been dropped (megHeeb meguegkedÀ. -Pan. VII. 1.39). In the

Atharvaveda Sahimta #ewÒemJeefjle if not followed by Udatta, is marked with the sign. (S)

meb.Hee. ö ³em³eeceeHeë Heefj®ejeë meceeveerjnesje$es DeÒeceeob #ejefvle ~

mee vees YetefceYet& efjOeeje He³ees ogneceLees G#eleg Je®e&mee ~~9~~

He.Hee.ö³em³eeced ~ DeeHeë ~ Heefjç®ejeë ~ meceeveerë ~ Denesje$es Fefle ~ DeÒeçceeoced ~ #ejefvle ~ mee ~

veë ~ Yetefceë ~ YetefjçOeeje ~ He³eë ~ ogneced ~ DeLees Fefle ~ G#eleg ~ Je®e&mee ~

DevJe³e ö ³em³eeb (He=efLeJ³eeb) Heefj®ejeë meceeveerë DeeHeë Denesje$es DeÒeceeob #ejefvle; mee-YetefjOeeje Yetefceë veë

He³egë ogneced; De³ees Je®e&mee G#eleg ~


Meyeoe. ö ³em³eeced=efpemeceW, DeeHeë= peue, Heej®ejeë= ®eeje lejHeÀ efJe®ejCe keÀjves Jeeues, meceeveer=

meJe&YeewefcekeÀ, Denesje$es= efove-jele, DeÒeceeoced= Òeceeojefnle neskeÀj, #ejefvle= yenles nQ, mee= Jen, veë=

nceejs efue³es, Yetefceë= He=efLeJeer, YetefjOeeje= DeveskeÀ Oeeje Jeeueer, He³eë= otOe, ogneced= ®egDeeJes, DeLees Deewj,

G#eleg= DeefYeefmeefáele keÀjs, Je®e&mee= lespe mes ~

meb.Yee.- mel³eeb Yetc³eeced DeeHees veoerefveYke&ÀjeefoÒeJeenªHeeë Heefj®ejeë Heefjleë He=efLeJ³eeb ®ejvl³eë ÒeJenvl³eë

mel³eë, ®eleme=<eg efo#eg meceeveerë meceeveªHesCe Jele&ceeveeë, #ejefvle meleleb Jenefvle ~ `mecegêes nerceeceefYeleë efHevJeles

(cee.Me. 7~4~1~9) Fefle ye´eïeCeceefHe ~ ³em³eeb ®e Denesje$es Den½e jeef$e½e DeÒeceeob ÒeceeoesçveJeOeevelee ³eLee

ve m³eeÊeLee, efve³ecesve ³eLeemece³eb #ejefvle Jenefvle He³ee&Jelesvles ~ mee leeo=Meer cetefjOeeje DeveskeÀeefYeë

veoerefveYke&ÀjªHeeefYeOee&jeefYe³egkeÌlee Yetefceë veë Demcec³eb He³ees peueb ke=Àef<eefnleb, He³ees Jee ogvIeb #eerefjCeerveeb ieJeeb

ÜejsCe ogneb ogiOeeb ooeeflJel³eLe&ë ~ DeLees DeLe ®e Hegve½eemceeled Je®e&mee ye´ïeJe®e&mee G#eleg DeefYeef<eáeleg ~

Deespeesçmceemeg oOeeeflJeefle ~

efn.De.ö efpeme (He=efLeJeer) Hej ®eejeW lejHeÀ efJe®ejCe keÀjves Jeeues meeJe&YeewefcekeÀ peue efove-jele Òeceeo jefnle

neskeÀj ÒeJeeefnle nesles nQ; Jen DeveskeÀ OeejeDeeW Jeeueer He=efLeJeer nceejs efue³es otOe ®egDeeJes Deewj lespe mes De-

DeefYeefmeefáele keÀjs ~


In whom the all-moving universal waters day and night unceasingly flow; May she, the

Earth of many streams, pour out for us the milk and sprinkle (us) with luster.

Notes - - #ejefvle ö ksar ‘to flow’, pres. 3rd. plu.; not unaccented because preceded by

³em³eeced Denesje$es – Dvandva compd, accented on the final syllable. Final Syllable is

progrhya; hence, Fefle in the pada-text. YetefjOeeje –Bahuvrihi compd. Accented on the first

member ogneced – See AV. XII 1.7 G#eleg –See AV. XII. 1.7 DeLees – (DeLe + G) a Final Dees is

pragrhya.

meb.Hee. - ³eeceeféeveeJeefceceeleeb efJe<Ceg³e&m³eeb efJe®e¬eÀces ~

Fvêes ³eeb ®e¬eÀ Deelcevesveefce$eeb Me®eerHeefleë ~

mee vees YetefceefJe& me=peleeb ceelee Heg$ee³e ces He³eë ~~10~~


He.Hee. - ³eeced ~ Deeféeveew ~ Deefceceeleeced ~ efJe<Cegë ~ ³em³eeced ~ efJeç®e¬eÀces ~ Fvêë ~ ³eeced ~

®e¬eÀ ~ Deelceves ~ Deveefce$eeced ~ Me®eerçHeefleë ~ mee ~ veë ~ Yetefceë ~ efJe ~ me=peleeced ~ ceelee ~

Heg$ee³e ~ ceW ~ He³eë ~~10~~

DevJe³e ö ³eeb (He=efLeJeerced) Deeféeveew Deefceceeleeb, ³em³eeb efJe<Cegë efJe®e¬eÀces, ³eeb Me®eerHeefleë Fvêë Deelceves

Deveefce$eeb ®e¬esÀ, mee Yetefceë veë He³eë efJeme=peleeced, ceelee Heg$ee³e ces (He³eë efJeme=peleeced) ~

Meyoe.ö ³eeced= efpemekeÀes, Deeféeveew= oesvees DeeféeveerkegÀceejeW ves, Deefceceeleeced= veeHee Lee, efJe<Ceg= efJe<Ceg ves,

³em³eeced= efpeme Hej, efJe®e¬eÀces= keÀoce jKee Lee, Fvêë= Fvê ves, ³eeced= efpemekeÀes, ®e¬esÀ= efkeÀ³ee Lee,

Deelceves= DeHeves efue³es, Deveefce$eeced= Me$egjefnle, Me®eerHeefleë= MeefkeÌle kesÀ mJeeceer, mee= Jen, veë= nceejs

efue³es, Yetefceë= He=efLeJeer, efJeme=peleeced= ÒeJeeefnle keÀjs, ceelee= ceelee, Heg$ee³e= Heg$e kesÀ efue³es, ces= cesjs efue³es,

He³eë= otOe ~

meb.Yee.ö ³eeb Yetefceced Deeféeleew Denesje$es ³eLeekeÌ$eceb He³ee&Jele&ceeves Deefceceelejb Heefjefceleeced F³eÊe³ee efceleeb

kegÀ©leë ~ `Deeféeveew ³eod J³eMvegJeeles meJeb jmesveev³ees p³eesefle<eev³eë.......~ Denesje$eeefJel³eskesÀ ....... (efve©.

12~1~1) Fefle efve©keÌleced ~ `Denp³exefle<ee J³eMvegles jeef$ejJeM³ee³ewefjefle ogie&ë ~ cegK³eew (Denesje$es (cew.)

Jeeeféeveew (³e%em³e) ~ (cew.meb. 3~4~4) (cee.Mee. 4~1~5~11) Fefle ÞegeflejefHe ~ ³em³eeb ®e He=efLeJ³eeb

efJe<CegefJe®e¬eÀces ~ Jesefä peieefoefle efJe<Cegë met³e&ë, Go³eemlece³eeefo¬eÀcesCe efJe®e¬eÀces efJeMes<esCe ¬eÀcelesçveJejleb

Je³ee&Jele&les ~ ³eÜe efJe<Cevee&je³eCees JeeceveªHesCe yeefueb JemegOeeb ³ee®eceevees ³em³eeb ÒeLecesvewJe Heosve efJe®e¬eÀces

¬eÀec³eved peieeced ~ `efJe<Cegb Jew osJee Deeve³eved Jeeceveb ke=ÀlJee, ³eeJeo³eb ef$eefJe&¬eÀceles leomceekeÀefceefle ~ me Jee

FocesJeeûes J³e¬eÀceleeçLesoceLeeoë æ(He=efLeJeercevleefj#eb efoJeced) ~ (cew.meb. 3~8~3) Fefle ÞegeflejefHe YeJeefle ~1 ³eeb

Yetefceced Fvêë Me¬eÀë Me®eerHeefleë Me®³ee Jee®eë keÀce&Ceë Òe%ee³ee Jee Heefleë, ³eÜe Me®³eeë Heewueesc³eeë Heefleefjvêë,

Deelceves mJeefnlee³e, He=efLeJeerJeeefmevees ceeveJee ³e%esve ceeb YeeJe³evleg Fefle yeg×³ee, Deveefce$eeced Deefce$ejefnleeb

efveëmeHelveeb ®e¬esÀ mee F&¢Meer veë DemceekebÀ ceelee peveveer Hees<eef³e$eer ®e Yetefceë Heg$ee³e DeHel³eYetlee³e ceW ce¿eb

ceef×lee³e He³ees peuecemceekebÀ ke=ÀHesë peerJeveb He³eesçVejmeeefoiees#eerjeefo ®e efJeme=peleeb efJees<esCeeslHeeo³eleg ~ ³eLee

ceelee Heg$ee³e He³eë mlev³eb efJeme=peefle Hees<eCee³e leLewJes³e ceW ceelee Yetefceë meJee&ved jmeeved efJeme=peleg ~ Deeféeveew

ÒeMemlee Deéeeë mevl³eve³eesë `Dele Fefveþveew` (Hee.5~2~115) ~

efn.De.öefpemekeÀes Deeféeveer kegÀceejeW ves veeHee Lee, efpeme Hej efJe<Ceg ves keÀoce jKee Lee, MeefkeÌle kesÀ mJeeceer Fvê ves

DeHeves efue³es efpemekeÀes Me$egjefnle yevee³ee Lee, Jen He=efLeJeer nceejs efue³es, ceelee cegPe Heg$e kesÀ efue³es otOe ÒeJeeefnle

keÀjs ~



Whom the Asvins measured out; upon whom visnu strode; whom Indra the lord of

power, made it foelless for himself; May she the Earth pour out her milk for us, for me

her son.

Notes –Deefceceeleecedöma ‘to meausre’ impf. 3rd. dual; not unaccented because preceded

by³eeced. efJe®e¬eÀcesefJe + kram ‘to stride’, Atm. Perf. 3rd. sing; not unaccented because

preceded by ³em³eeced. ®e¬esÀ – Kr ‘to make’ Atm. Perf. 33rd. sing. Deveefce$eeced – Bahuvrihi

compd. Accented on the second. Member. Me®e erHeefleë– It is a word of double accent (Gces

JevemHel³eeefo<eg ³egieHeled- Pan VI.2.140). me=peleeced ~Sr ‘to emit’impv. 3rd sing.

meb.Hee. - efiej³emles HeJe&lee efnceJevleesçjC³eb les He=efLeefJe m³eesvecemleg ~

yeYe´g ke=À<Ceeb jesefnCeeR efJeMeJeªHeeb Oe´gJeeb Yetefceb He=efLeJeerefcevêiegHleeced ~

Depeerleesnlees De#eleesO³eÿeb He=efLeJeercenced ~~11~~

He.Hee.-efiej³eë ~ les ~ HeJe&leeë ~ efnceçJevleë ~ DejC³eced ~ les ~ He=efLeefJe ~ m³eesveced ~ Demleg ~

yeYe´gced ~ ke=À<Ceeced ~ jesefnCeerced ~ efJeéeçªHeeced ~ Oe´gJeeced ~ Yetefceced ~ He=efLeJeerced ~ FvêçiegHleeced ~

Depeerleë ~ Denleë ~ De#eleë ~ DeefOe ~ DemLeeced ~ He=efLeJeerced ~ Denced ~~11~~

DevJe³e - (ns) He=efLeJeer, les efiej³eë efnceJevleë HeJe&leeë, les DejC³eb (veë) m³eesveced Demleg ~ Depeerleë Denleë

De#eleë Denb yeYe´gb ke=À<Ceeb jesefnCeer efJeéeªHeeb Oe´gJeeced FvêiegHleeb He=efLeJeeR Yetefceced DeefOe DemLeeced ~

Meyoe.ö efiej³eë = Heneef[³eeb, les= legcnejer, HeJe&leeë= HeJe&le, efnceJevleë= efnce³egkeÌle, DejC³eced= pebieue,

les= legcnejs, He=efLeJeer= ns He=efLeJeer, m³eesveced= megKekeÀj, Demleg = nesJes, yeve´gced= Yetjs JeCe&keÀer, ke=À<Ceced=

ke=À<CeJeCe& ¬eÀer, jesefnCeerced= ueue JeCe& keÀer, efJeéeªHeeced= DeveskeÀ ªHees Jeeueer, Oe´gJeced= Deìue, Yetefceced=

He=efLeJeer, He=efLeJeerced= ®eew[er, FvêiegHleeced= Fvê Üeje DeefYeef#ele, Depeerleë= efkeÀmeer kesÀ Üeje ve peerlee

peevesJeeuee, Denleë= efkeÀmeer kesÀ Üeje ve ceeje peevesJeeuee, DeefOe DemLeeced= efmLele ngDee nw, He=efLeJeerced= He=efLeJeer

kesÀ THej, Denced= ceQ ~ De#eleë= efkeÀmeer kesÀ Üeje #ele ve nesvesJeeuee ~


meb.Yee.ö He=efLeefJe ns ÒeLeveMeerues GefJe&, les leJe efiej³ees Deê³eë meewueÒeosMeeë, efnceJevleë G®®eeJe®es<eg Þe=*dies<eg

efnceb leg<eejb Oeej³evleë, HeJe&leeë HeJe&Jevleë MeefKeefjCeë, les lJeoer³ecedDejC³eb ceneJeveb, ®e meJe&cesleomcelke=Àles m³eesveb

megKekeÀjb ceveesçvegketÀueced Demleg YeJeleg ~ yeYe´g efHe²ueJeCee¥, ke=À<Ceeb M³eeceJeCee¥ keÀ<e&Ce³eesi³eeb, jesefnCeerced

DeejkeÌleJeCee¥ Oeev³eJevemHel³eeefojesnCeevegketÀueeb, efJeéeªHeeced DeekeÀej-JeCee&efoefYejveskeÀªHeeb, Oe´gJeeb efmLejece®eueeced

FvêiegHleeced FjeceVecegefÎM³e o=Ceeveve cesIeb efJeoej³elesvêsCeiegHleeb He³ee&HeleJe<e&Cesve jef#eleeb Yetefceb YeJeveMeerueeb,

He=efLeJeeR ÒeLeveMeerueeefceceeb He=efLeJeeR ef#eeflecenb mleeslee, Depeerlees ve kesÀveeefHe HejeYetleë, Denlees ve Mem$eem$eeefovee

Òenleë, De#eleë Mem$eeefopeefvelesve Je´Cesve jefnle½e meved DeO³eÿeced DeefOeefleÿs³eb Jemes³eced ~ mJeeceer YeJes³eced ~

HeJe&leeë `leHed HeJe&ce©YÐeeced` (Jee.Hee. 5~2~122) Fefle leHed ~ DeO³eÿeced DeefOeefleÿlesueg&*d ~

efn.De.ö ns He=efLeJeer, legcnejer Heneef[³eeB, efnce³egkeÌle HeJe&le leLee legcnejs pebieue (nceejs efue³es) megKekeÀj nesJeW ~

efkeÀmeer kesÀ Üeje ve peerlee peeves Jeeuee, efkeÀmeer kesÀ Üeje ve ceeje peeves Jeeuee leLee efkeÀmeer kesÀ Üeje #ele ve ne sves

Jeeuee ceQ He=efLeJeer Hej Yetjer, keÀeueer, ueeue, DeveskeÀ ªHeJeeueer, ®eew[er leLee Fvê Üeje DeefYejef#ele He=efLeJeer Hej

mLele ngDee nt@b ~


O Earth, thy hills, (thy) snowy mountains and thy forest be auspicious. I, unconquered,

unslained and unwounded. Have set foot upon earth brown, black, ruddy, all-coloured.

Firm and protected by Indra.

Notes –efnceJevleëöNom. Plu. of efnceJeled from efnce + celegHed. efJeéeªHeeced - In Bahuvrihi the word

efJeée, though originally accented on the first syllable. Shifts its accent to the final

syllable (yengJe´ernew efJeée meb%ee³eeced ö Paan. VI.2.106). FvêiegHleeced – Bahuvrihi compd. Accented

on the first member. DemLeeced –stha ‘to stand’ root-aorist. 1st. sing.

meb.Hee.- ³eÊes ceO³eb He=efLeefJe ³e®®e veY³eb ³eemle Tpe&mlevJeçë mebyeYetJegë~

leemeg vees Oes¿eefYe veë HeJemJe ceelee Yetefceë Heg$ees Denb He=efLeJ³eeë ~

Hepe&v³eë efHelee me G veë efHeHeleg& ~~12~~

He.Hee. - ³eled ~ les ~ ceO³eced ~ He=efLeefJe ~ ³eled ~ ®e ~ veY³eced ~ ³eeë ~ les ~ Tpe&ë ~ levJeçë ~ mecedçyeYetJegë ~

leemeg ~ veë ~ Oesefn ~ DeefYe ~ veë ~ HeJemJe ~ ceelee ~ Yetefceë ~ Heg$eë ~ Denced ~ He=efLeJ³eeë ~ Hepe&v³eë ~ efHelee ~

meë ~ Tb Fefle ~ veë ~ efHeHeleg& ~~12~~


DevJe³e ö (ns) He=efLeefJe, ³eled les ceO³eb ³eled ®e vec³eb ³eeë Tpe&ë les levJeë meb$eYetJegë leemeg veë Oeesefn, DeefYe veë

HeJemJe, Yetefceë ceelee Denb He=efLeJ³eeë Heg$eë (Deefmce), Hepe&v³eë veë efHelee (Deefmle) me T veë efHeHeleg& ~

Meyoe.ö ³eled= pees, les= legcneje, ceO³eced= ceO³e Yeeie, He=efLeefJe= ns He=efLeefJe, ³eled= pees, ®e= Deewj, veY³eced=

veeefceYeeie, ³eeë= pees, les= legcnejs, Tpe&ë= MeefkeÌle³eeb, levJeë= Mejerj mes, mebyeYetJegë= GlHeVe ngF& nw, leemeg=

Gveces, veë= nceW, Oesefn= Òeefleefÿle keÀjes, DeefYe= Deesj, veë= nceejer, HeJemJe= ÒeJeeefnle keÀjes, ceelee= ceelee,

Yetefceë= He=efLeJeer, Heg$eë= Heg$e, Denced= ceQ, He=efLeJ³eeë= He=efLeJeer keÀe, Hepe&v³eë= Hepe&v³ecesIe keÀe owJeerke=Àle SJeb

ceeveJeerke=Àle ªHe, efHelee= efHelee, meë= Jen, G= ner, veë= nceW, efHeHeleg&= Heej keÀjs ~

meb.Yee.ö ns He=efLeefJe ! ³eled les leJe ceO³eb Yetefceueuem³e ceO³ees Yeeieë ke=À<³evegketÀueë ~ ³eÜe ceO³eb

ieYeerjcevlejeueb, ³eleë ketÀHes<eg peueb m³evoefle ~ ³e®®e ³eoefHe leJe veY³eb veeefYeÒeosMemleÜogJe&jes YetYeeieë ~ ³eÜe

veY³eb veeYemKev³eeefo-ieYeerjeled ÒeosMeppeeleb efnjC³ejlveeefo ~ ³eeë ®e les leJe Tpe&ë Tpe&mJel³eë, yeueÒeoe

Dees<eOeer³eiegCee Oeev³eHeÀueeoerveeb jmeemleJeb levJeë Mejerjeled mecyeYetJegë Depee³evle pee³evles ®e leemeg leJe levet<eg

DeVejmeeefo<eg veë Demceeved Oesefn lJeb efveOelmJe mLeeHe³e ~ Òe®egjceVejmeeefokeÀcemceY³eb osnerl³eLe&ë ~ veë DemceeveefYe

meJe&leë HeJemJe HeeJe³e Heeue³e ®e ~ F³eb Yetefceë ceW ceelee peveveer mebJeOe&ef³e$eer ®e ~ Denb mleeslee ®eem³eeë He=efLeJ³eeë

Heg$eë mevleeveë ~ Hepe&v³ees Je=äd³eefYeceeveer osJees ces efHelee HeeuekeÀë ~ meë Hepe&v³e G me SJe veë Demceeved efHeHeleg&

Hetj³eleg Heeue³eleg Jee ~ Je=äd³ee Oeev³eeefoefve<Heeovesveemceeved Heg<Ceeleg ~

efn.De.ö ns He=efLeJeer, pees legcneje ceO³e Yeeie nw Deewj pees veeefce Yeeie nw pees MeefkeÌle³eeb legcnejs Mejerj mes GlHeVe

ngF& nw, nceW Òeefleefÿle keÀjes; (GvnW) nceejer Deesj ÒeJeeefnle keÀjes ~ He=efLeJeer ceelee nw, ceQ He=efLeJeer keÀe Heg$e ntB; Jener

nceW Heej keÀjs ~


O Earth, set us amid those which is thy cen. Tre, and which is thy navel, which are thy

forces produced by thy body. Make them flow towards us. Earth is mother and I am the

son of Earth; Parjanya is father; May he take us across (i rom the miseries).

Notes –mebJeYetJegë öSee Av. XII. 1.3. Oesefn – dha ‘to put’ impv 2nd. Sing. HeJeKe –Pu to

cleanse, Atm. Impy. 2nd sing. efHeHeleg&– pr ‘to pass’, impv . 3rd. sing.


me.Hee. - ³em³eeb Jesefob Heefjie=Úefvle Yetc³eeb ³em³eeb ³e%eb levJeles efJeéekeÀcee&Ceë ~

³em³eeb ceer³evles mJejJeë He=efLeJ³eecetOJee&ë Meg¬eÀe Deengl³eeë Hegjmleeled ~

mee vees YetefceJe&Oe&³eod JeOe&ceevee ~~13~~

He.Hee. - ³em³eeced ~ Jesefoced ~ Heefjçie=Úefvle ~ Yetc³eeced ~ ³em³eeced ~ ³e%eced ~ levJeles ~ efJeéeçkeÀcee&Ceë ~

³em³eeced ~ ceer³evles ~ mJejJeë ~ He=efLeJ³eeced ~ TOJee&ë ~ Meg¬eÀeë ~ Deçngl³eeë ~ Hegjmleeled ~ mee ~ veë ~

Yetefceë ~ JeOe&³eled ~ JeOe&ceevee ~~13~~

DevJe³e ö ³em³eeb Yetc³eeb Jesefob Heefjie=Úefvle efJeéekeÀcee&Ceë ³em³eeb ³e%eb levJeles, mem³ee He=efLeJ³eeb TOJee&ë ieg¬eÀeë

mJejJeë Deengl³eeë Hegjmleeled ceer³evles, mee Yetefceë JeOe&ceevee veë JeOe&³eled ~

Meyoe.ö ³em³eeced= efpemeHej, ³esefoced = Jesoer keÀe, Heefjie=¿eefvle = Heefjûen keÀjles nQ, Yetc³eeced = He=efLeJeer Hej,

³em³eeced = efpeme Hej, ³e%eeced = ³e%e levJeles = mecHeVe keÀjbles nQ, efJeéekeÀcee&Ceë = osJelee, ³em³eeced = efpeme Hej,

ceer³evles = iee[s peeles nQ, mJejJeë = ³e%eer³e ³etHe, He=efLeJ³eeced = He=efLeJeer Hej, TOJee&ë = TB®es, Meg¬eÀeë =

ÒekeÀeMeceeve, Deengl³eeë = Deengefle kesÀ, Hegjmleeledve = meeceves, mee = Jen, Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer, veë= nceW, JeOe&³eled

= ÒeJe=× keÀjs, JeOe&ceevee = ÒeJe=×e nesleer ngF& ~

meb.Yee.ö efJeéekeÀcee&Cees ³epeceeveeë `JewéekeÀce&Cees ie=¿eles efJeéeev³esJe lesve keÀcee&efCe ³epeceevee DeJe©vOevles ~

(lew.meb. 7~5~4~1) Fefle ÞegefleJe®eveeled ~ les ³epeceevee ³em³eeb Yetc³eeb Jesefob Heefjie=¿eefvle Jesefoefvecee&Cee³e Yetefce

Heefjceer³e ie=¿eefvle ~ ³em³eeb ®e Yetc³eeb ³epeceeveeë ³e%eb levJeles ³e%ekeÀce& efJemleej³eefvle ~ ³em³eeb ®eeefHe Yetc³eeb

³e%eYetceew Deengl³eeë Hegjmleeod ³e%ekeÀce&efCe nesceefve<Heeoveeled HetJe¥ ³e%eMeeuee³eeë HegjesYeeies Meg¬eÀeë OeJeueJeCee &ë

Hegjmleeod ³e%ekeÀce&efCe nesceefve<Heeoveeled HetJe& ³e%eMeeuee³eeëHegjesYeeies Meg¬eÀeë OeJeueJeCee&ë mJejJees ³etHee TOJee&ë

TOJe&cegKee ceer³evles efvenv³evles, efveKev³evles Fl³eLe&ë ~ mee F³eb ³e%eeslLesveeHetJeexCe mJe³eb JeOe&ceevee mece=×e YeJevleer

Yetefceë veë DemceeveefHe JeOe&³eled mece=×eved HegC³eMeeefuevees OeveefJeYeJe³egkeÌleeved keÀjesleg ~

efn.De.ö efpeme He=efLeJeer Hej osJelee Jesoer keÀe Heefjûen keÀjles leLee efpeme Hej ³e%e mecHeVe keÀjles nQ, efpeme He=efLeJeer

Hej TB®es, SJeb ÒekeÀeMeceeve ³e%eer³e ³etHe Deengefle mes Henues iee[s peeles nw Jen HebefLeJeer ÒeJe=× nesleer ngF& nceW ÒeJe=×

keÀjs ~



Earth on whom (the gods) enclose the altar; on whom (they) perform the sacrifice;

Earth on whom the lofty and shining sacrificial stakes are fixed be fore the offering;

may that Earth prospering make us prospar.

Notes - Heefjie=¿eefvle ö Heefj + grah ‘lto seize’ pres. 3rd. plu; not unaccented because

preceded by ³em³eeced. levJeles– tan ‘to stretch’ Atm. Pres. 3rd. plu; not unaccented because

preceded by ³em³eeced. efJeéekeÀcee&Ceë – It is an epithet generally attributed to gods. Griffith

explains it by ‘all-performers’ Bahuvrihi compd. Accented on the first member. See

efJeéeªHeeced – (AV.XII.I.II). ceer³evles –ma ‘to meausre’ pass. Atm. pres. 3rd. plu; not

unaccented because preceded by ³em³eeced. JeOe&³eled –vrdh ‘to grow’ caus. Unangmented

impf. (but impv. In sense) 3rd. sing. JeOe&ceevee –vrdh ‘to grow’ fem. nom. sing.

meb.Hee.- ³ees vees Üs<eled He=efLeefJe ³eë He=lev³eeod ³eesçefYeoemeevcevemee ³ees JeOesve ~

leb vees Yetces jvO³e HetJe&ke=ÀlJeefj ~~14~~

He.Hee.ö ³e! ~ veë ~ Üs<eled ~ He=efLeefJe ~ ³eë~ He=lev³eeled ~ ³eë ~ Deefceçoemeeled ~ cevemee ~ ³eë ~ JeOesve ~

leced ~ veë ~ Yetces ~ jvO³e ~ HetJe&çke=ÀlJeefj ~~14~~

DevJe³e ö (ns) He=efLeefJe ³e~ ve~ Üs<eled ³e~ He=lev³eeled ³e~ cevemee ³e~ JeOesve DeefYeoemeeled (ns) Yetces (ns)

HetJe&ke=ÀlJeefj, leb veë jvOe³e ~

Meyoeö ³eë = pees, veë = ncemes, Üs<eled = Üs<e keÀjs, He=efLeefJe = ns He=efLeJeer, ³egë = pees, He=lev³eeled = Me$eglee keÀe

Dee®ejCe keÀjs, ³eë = pees, DeefYeoemeeled = oeyeeJes, cevemee = ceve mes, ³eë = pees, JeOesve = Mem$e mes, lece =

GmekeÀes, veë = nceejs efue³es, Yetces = ns He=efLeJeer, jvOe³e = veä keÀjes, HetJe&ke=ÀlJeefj = ns HetJe& ke=Àl³ees Jeeueer ~

meb.Yee. ö He=efLeefJe ns JemegvOejs ! ³ees ³eë keÀefM®eled, veë Demceeved Üs<eled Üsefä ~ ³ees Jee keÀef½eled He=lev³eeled

He=lev³eefle, He=leve³eeçmceeveefYeYeefJeleg®íefle, ³eë keÀef½eod Demceeved DeefYeoemeeod DeefYeoeMveesefle efnbmeefle leLee mevemee

efJe®eejcee$esCeeefHe ³eë JeOesve Mem$esCe efnbefmelegefce®íefle ~ leb lee¢MecemceekebÀ Üsäejb ns HetJe&ke=ÀlJeefj ! HetJe¥ keÀjesefle

Me$eesefve&©lmeenoewye&u³eb peve³eefle lee¢Meer lJeb ns Yetces !veë DemceekebÀ Me$egYetleb leb jvO³e veeMe³e ~ DeefYeoemeeled

DeefYeHetJee&od oeme efn&mee³eeb megveesl³eeosMíevomees efJekeÀjCeJ³el³e³eë ~ HetJe&ke=ÀlJeefj `Meer*dkegÀefMe©efn.` (G.

4~114) Fefle keÀjeslesë keÌJeefleHed, `Jevees j ®e` (Hee. 4~1~7) Fefle *eryed jeosMe½e ~ lelmecyeesOeveced ~


efn.De.ö ns He=efLeJeer, pees ncemes Üs<e keÀjs, pees (ncemes) ³eg× keÀjs, pees ceve mes leLee pees Mem$e mes (nceW) oyeeJes

ns He=efLeJeer, ns HetJe&ke=Àl³eeW Jeeueer, GmekeÀes legce nceejs efue³es veä keÀjes ~


Earth, whoever, hates us, whoever wants to fight and subdue us with mind and whoever

with weapon, O Earth, having much as her works of aforetime, destroy him for us.

Notes –Üs<eledödvis ‘to hate pres, subju, 3rd. sing. He=lev³eeod –From denom root prtanya,

pres, subju. 3rd. sing. DeefYeoemeeledö DeefYe +dabh ‘to harm’ pres, subju. 3rd. sing. These

three verbs are not unaccented because they are preceded by ³eë. jvOe³e – radh ‘to make

subject’ impv. Caus. 2nd. Sing. HetJe&ke=ÀlJeeefj – voc. Sing. ofHetJe&ke=ÀlJejer from HetJe&+ kr + efkeÌJeHed

+ JeefveHed + *erHed. Before *erHed Jeved has changed into j (Jevees j ®e - Pan IV. 1.7), Voc. Not

coming in the beginning of a pada is unaccented (Deeceefv$elemJe ®e -Pan VIII 1.19)

meb.Hee. - lJeppeeleemlJeef³e ®ejefvle cel³ee&mlJeb efJeYee|<e efÜHeomlJeb ®eleg<Heoë ~

leJessces He=efLeefJe Heáe ceeveJee ³esc³ees p³eeseflejce=leb cel³exY³e

GÐevlmet³eex jefMceefYejeleveesefle ~~15~~

He.Hee.ö lJeled ~ peeleeë ~ lJeef³e ~ ®ejefvle ~ cel³ee&ë ~ lJeced ~ efyeYeef<e& ~ efÜçHeoë ~ lJeced ~

®elegëçHeoë ~ leJe ~ Fces ~ He=efLeefJe ~ Heáe ~ ceeveJeeë ~ ³esY³eë ~ p³eesefleë ~ Dece=leced ~ cel³exc³eë ~ Gledç³eled ~

met³e&ë ~ jefMceçefYeë ~ Deeçleveesefle ~~~15~~

DevJe³e ö (ns He=efLeefJe,) lJeled peeleeë cel³ee&ë lJeef³e ®ejefvle; lJeb efÜHeoë yesYeef<e&, lJeb ®eleg<Heoë (efyeYeef<eb) (ns)

He=efLeefJe, Fces HeáeceeveJeeë leJe; ³esc³eë jl³exY³eë GÐeved met³e&ë jefMceefYeë Dece=leb p³eesefleë Dee leveesefle ~

Meyoe.ö lJeled = legcemes, peeleeë = GlHeVe, lJeefì = legceceW, ®ejefvle = efJe®ejCe keÀjles nQ, cel³ee&ë = ceveg<³e,

lJeced = legce, efJeYeef<e&= OeejCe keÀjleer ns, efÜHeoë = oes HewjJeeueeW keÀes, lJeced = legce, ®eleg<Heoë = ®eej HewjJeeueeW

keÀer, leJe = legcneje, Fces = ³es, He=efLeefJe = ns He=efLeJeer, HeáeceeveJeeë = meYeer ÒeeCeer, ³esY³eë = efpevekesÀ efue³es,

p³eesefleë = ÒekeÀeMe, Dece=leced = keÀYeer veä ve nesvesJeeueer, cel³exY³eë = cel³e& ÒeeefCe³eeW kesÀ efue³es, GÐeved = Gefole

neslee ngDee, met³e&ë = met³e&, jefMceefYeë = efkeÀjCeeW mes, Deeleveesefle = HewÀueelee nw ~


meb.Yee.ö cel³ee&ë, cejCeOecee&Ce Fces ³es peveeë, lJepedpeelee~ leJe mekeÀeMeeppeelee GlHeVeeë ~ HeeáeYeeweflekebÀ

peerJepeelecegHe®eejeled HeeefLe&Jeeë ~ les ceveg<³eeë lJeef³e ®ejefvle leJeeOeejs efmLeleeë mJemJekeÀcee&efCe kegÀJe&efvle ~ efÜHeoes

efJenieeoerved, ®eleg<Heoes ieJeeéeeoerved ®elegefjefle DeveskeÀeLe&cegHeue#eCeled yengHeoesçefHe peerJeeved, lJeb efyeYeef<e & Oeej³eefme

Hees<e³eefme ®e ~ He=efLeefJe ns efJeMeeueYetces ! Fces Heáe ceeveJeeë òsJeceveg<e³eeCeeb ievOeJee&Hmejmeeb meHee&Ceeáe efJel$eÝCeeb

®ewles<eeb Jee Sleled HeáepeveeveecegkedÀLeefceefle ~` (Ss.yeé. 3~3~) Fle yeéïeCeJe®eveeled Sles ~ DeLeJee ìevOeJee&ë

efHelejes osJee Demegje j#eebmeerl³eskesÀ, ®elJeejes JeCee& efve<eeoHeáecee...... Fl³eewHecev³eJeë ~ (efve©. 3~2~2) Fefle

efve©keÌleeled ievOJee&o³ees yeéïeCeeo³ees Jee ~ DeveJees êg¿eJees ³eoJemlegJe&Meeë HegjJe½esefle HeáeefJeOee $eÝ*dcev$es

($eÝ.1~108~1) JeefCe&lee Fl³eeOegefvekeÀeë~ Heáemeg YetKeC[s<eg efveJemevl³ees ceveg<³epeele³ees Jee ~ le Fces Heáe

ceeveJeeë He=efLeJ³eeb meefvle ³esY³ees cel³eesY³ees cejCeOecexY³ees pevesc³emles<eeceLexç³eced GÐeved Òel³enb Go³ece³eved met³e&ë

meefJelee meJe&m³e peerJepeelem³e ÒemeefJeleeççefol³ees jefMceefYeë peerJeveer³ewmlespeesefYeë Dece=leb p³eesefleë Dece=lelJeoe³ekebÀ

ÒekeÀeMeced Deeleveesefle efJemleej³eefle ~

efn.De.ö (ns He=efLeJeer,) legcemes GlHeVe ÒeeCeer legceHej efJe®ejCe keÀjles nQ; legce oe HewjJeeueeW keÀes leLee legce

®eejHewjJeeueeW keÀes OeejCe keÀjleer nes; ³es meYeer ÒeeCeer ns He=efLeJeer, legcnejs nQ, efpeve ÒeeefCe³eeW kesÀ efue³es Gefole neslee

ngDee met³e& Decej p³eesefle uewueelee nw ~


Mortal creatuses produced from thee, move on thee. Thou holdeest biped and

quadruped. O Earth, all these creatures, for whom the rising sun spreads the immortal

light with his rays, are thine.

Notes –®ejefvle ö Car ‘to move’ pres. 3rd plu. efJeYeef<e&—bhr ‘to bear’ pres. 32nd. Sing.

efÜHeoë, ®eleg<Heoë – See RV. X 121.3. GÐeved - Gled + i ‘to go’ + Mele=; nom. sing. Deeleveesefle öDee

+tan ‘to stretch’ pres. 3rd. sing.; not unaccented because syntactically connected with

³esc³eë.

meb.Hee. - lee veë Òepeeë meb ogÚleeb meceûee Jee®ees ceOeg He=efLeefJe Oesefn ce¿eced ~~16~~

He.Hee. - leeë ~ veë ~ Òeçpeeë ~ meced ~ ogÚleeced ~ mecedçDeûeeë ~ Jee®eë ~ ceOeg ~ He=efLeefJe ~ Oesefn ~

ce¿eced ~~16~~


DevJe³e ö leeë meceûeeë Òepeeë veë meb megÚleeced ~ (ns) He=efLeefJe ce¿eb ³ee®eë ceOeg Oesefn ~

Meyoe.ö leeë = Jes, veë = nceW, Òepeeë = ÒeeCeer, mebogÚleeced = mec³ekedÀ ªHe mes Òeoeve keÀjs, meceûeeë = mecHetCe&,

Jee®eë = JeeCeer keÀer, ceOeg = ceOegjlee, He=efLeefJe = ns He=efLeJeer, Oeesefn = Òe³eesie keÀjes, ce¿eced = cePes ~

meb.Yee.öleeë HeáepeveªHeemlJeef³e He=efLeJ³eeb efveJemevl³eë Òepeeë meceûeeë keÀefáeoefHe peveefJeMes<eceefJene³e meJee&ë

mebogÚleeb #eerjeefoJeppeerJeveesHe³egkeÌleb Jemlegpeelecemceef×lee³e mec³eiegHeve³evleg ~ He=efLeefJe ns JemegOes ! ce¿eb ceoLex

Jee®ees ceOeg Jee®eë melJeªHeb meJex<eeceemJeeÐeeb Ëo³e²ceb ceOegjb Je®eveb Iesefn efveIesefn mecYej ~ meJex<eeb peveeveeb

ÒeereflekeÀjb Jee*dceeOeg³e¥ ce¿eb osnerl³eLe&ë ~ ogÚleeb ogns ueexìd, íevome½e jë ~

efn.De.ö Jes mecHetCe& ÒeeCeer nceW mec³ekedÀ ÒekeÀej mes (megKe) Òeoeve keÀjs ~ ns He=efLeJeer, JeeCeer keÀer ceOegjlee cegPes

Òeoeve keÀjes ~


May all these creatures yield us (blessings). O Earth endow me the sweetness of

speech.

Notes – ogÚleecedödhu ‘to milk’, impv. Atm. 3rd. plu. meceûeeëö ‘All, entire, whole,

complete, each, every, (M W D) ‘in concert’ (Griffith). Oesefn – dha ‘to put’ impv. 2nd.

Sing.

meb.Hee. ö efJeéemJebçceelejcees<eOeerveeb Oe´g Jeeb Yetefceb He=efLeJeeR Oece&Cee Oe=leeced ~

efMeJeeb m³eesveeceveg ®ejsce efJeéene ~~17~~

He.Hee.ö efJeéeçmJeçced ~ ceelejced ~ Dees<eOeerveeced ~ Oe´gJeeced ~ Yetefceced ~ He=efLeJeerced ~ Oece&Cee ~ Oe=leeced ~

efMeJeeced ~ m³eesveeced ~ Deveg ~ ®ejsce ~ efJeéene ~~17~~

DevJe³e öefJeéemJeced Dees<eOeerveeb ceelejb Oe´gJeeb, He=efLeJeeR Oece&Cee Oe=leeced Yetefceb (Je³eb) efJeéene Deveg ®ejsce ~


Meyoe.ö efJeéemJeced = meJekeÀes GlHeVe keÀjves Jeeueer, ceelejced = ceelee, Dees<eOeerveeced = Dees<eefOe³eeW keÀer, Oe´gJeeced

=Î{, Yetefceced = He=efLeJeer kesÀ, He=efLeJeerced = ®eew[er, Oece&Cee = Oece& Üeje, Oe=leeced = OeejCe keÀer ieF&, efMeJeeced =

keÀu³eeCeekeÀeefjCeer, m³eesveeced = megKe Òeoeve keÀjves Jeeueer, Deveg®ejsce = efJe®ejCe keÀjs, efJeéene = meJe&oe ~

meb.Yee. efJeéemJeb efJeéemegJeb meJe&m³e peveveeR, efJeéem³e meJe&m³e Jee mJeYetleeb meJe&mJeYetleeced Dees<eOeerveeb

ueleeJeer©Oeeoerveeb Oeev³eeveeb JevemHeleerveeb ®e ceelejced GlHeefÊeYegJeb, Oe´gJeeced De®eueeb peerJeepeerJeeveeb efmLeeflemeewkeÀ³e¥

³eLee m³eeÊeLee efmLejeb Yetefceb meJe&m³eeÞe³eYetleeb, Oece&Cee OeejkesÀCe mel³eªHesCe Oe=leeb efmLejerke=Àleeb Oecee&Oeejs

efmLeleeefcel³eLe&ë ~ `³ees Jew me Oece&ë mel³eb Jew ueled lemceelmel³eb JeovleceengOe&ce Jeoleerefle Oece¥ Jee Jeovleb mel³eb

Jeoleerefle ~` (cee. Me. 14~4~2~6) `OecexCe meJee|ceob Heefjie=nerleb Oecee&Veeefleog½ejb lemceeodOecex jcevles ~` (lew.

Dee. 10~32~1) Fefle ye´eïeCeceefHe YeJeefle ~ efMeJeeb keÀu³eeCekeÀjeR, m³eesveeb megKeoeb ceveesjceeb, He=efLeJeeR ceneR

efJeéene meJe&oe, Deveg ®ejsce lem³ee DevegketÀueb ³eLee m³eeÊeLee leeb mesJesceefn ~ Oece&Cee Oe=_ed OeejCes YJeeosë ceefveved ~

efn.De.ö me$ekeÀes GlHeVe keÀjvesJeeueer, Dees<eefOe³ees keÀer ceelee, Î{, ®eew[er leLee Oece& Üeje OeejCe keÀer ieF&,

keÀu³eeCekeÀeefjCeer leLee megKe Òeoeve keÀjves Jeeueer He=efLeJeer kesÀ THej (nce) meJe&oe efJe®ejCe keÀjs ~


May we always tread on Earth producer of all, mother of herbs, firm, wide, borne up by

order, auspicious and gracious.

Notes –efJeéemJecedö Acc. Sing of efJeéemet from efJeée + su ‘to generate’ + efkeÌJeHed. It is an

epithet of Earth Yetefceb He=efLeJeerced ö Yetefce andHe=efLeJeer are synonyms. However, to avoid the

repetition He=efLeJeer should be taken as a derivative word meaning ‘wide’®ejsce – car ‘to

move’ opt. 1st. plu.

meb.Hee. - cenled meOemLeb cenleer yeYetefJeLe ceneved Jesie SpeLegJexHeLegäs ~

cenebmlJesvêes j#el³eÒeceeoced ~

mee vees Yetces Òe jes®e³e efnjC³em³esJe mebÎefMe cee vees efÜ#ele keÀ½eve ~~18~~


He.Hee.ö cenled ~ meOeçm³eced ~ cenleer ~ yeYetefJeLe ~ ceneved ~ Jesieë ~ SpeLegë ~ JesHeLegë ~ les ~ ceneved ~

lJee ~ Fvêë ~ j#eefle ~ DeÒeçceeoced ~ mee ~ veë ~ Yetces ~ Òe ~ jes®e³e ~ efnjC³em³eçFJe ~ mecedç¢efMe ~ cee ~

veë ~ efÜ#ele ~ keÀë ~ ®eve ~~18~~

DevJe³eë ö (ns He=efLeefJe,) cenleer (lJeb) cenled meOem³eb yeYetefJeLe; les ceneved Jesieë, SpeLegë JesHeLegë (®e) ~ ceneved

Fvêë lJee DeÒeceeob j#eefle ~ ns Yetces mee (lJeb) meb¢efMe efnjC³em³esJe veë Òe jes®e³e; keÀ½eve veë cee efÜ#ele ~

Meyoe.ö cenled = ceneved, meOemLeced = menemLeeve, cenleer = ye[er, yeYetefJeLe = ngF& neW, ceneved = ye[e, Jesieë =

nue®eue, SpeLegë = ieefle, JesHeLegë = keÀcHeve, les = legcnejs THej, ceneved = ceneved, Fvêë = Fvê, j#eefle = j#ee

keÀjlee nw, DeÒeceeoced = Òeceeojefnle neskeÀj, mee = Jen, veë = nceW, Òejes®e³e = ÒekeÀeefMele keÀjes, Yetces = ns

He=efLeJe³eer, efnC³em³esJe = mJeCe& kesÀ meceeve, mebÎefMe = oMe&ve ceW, cee = ceve, veë = ncemes, efÜ#ele = Üs<e keÀjs,

keÀ½eve = keÀesF& ~

meb.Yee. ö Yetces ns He=efLeefJe ! lJeb mJe³eb cenleer efJeMeeueeçefme ~ lJeb cenled meOemLeb ®eje®ejeCeeb Yetleeveeb ke=Àles cenled

efJeMeeueb He³ee&Heleb meOemLeb menwkeÀ$e JeememLeeveb yeYetefJeOe Yetleeçefme ~ DeeflecenÊJeeodYetcesjmebK³es³eeefve Yetleeefve lJeef³e

megKesvewkeÀ$e Jeemeb kegÀJe&vleerefle YeeJeë ~ lesleJe Jesieë j³eë YetkeÀcHes He=efLeJ³eeë mkeÀesìvepeJeë ceneved

DeefleefJeveeMeeJenë ~ leLewJe les leJe SpeLegë meeOeejCe½eueve-¬eÀceesçefHe ceneved Ye³e¹jë ~ JesHeLegë ceneved keÀcHeesçefHe

les ceneved Ye³eeJenë DeLee&led efJeveeMekeÀjë, ceneefvevêmlJee lJeeced DeÒeceeob ÒeceeoesçveJeOeevelee ³eLee ve m³eeÊeLee

meeJeOeevees YetlJee efJemHeÀesìkeÀcHeeefoefJeveeMeefveefceÊesY³ees j#eefle Heeue³eefle ~ meHelvesY³ees Jee lJeeb j#eefle ~ mee

Slee¢Meer lJeb ns Yetces ! veë Demceeved efnjC³em³esJe megJeCe&m³esJe Yeemegjs ©ef®ejs meb¢efMe meboMe&veªHes Òejes®e³e

jes®eceeveeved kegÀ© ~ lJe³ee Hegäeë mebJeefOe&lee½e Je³eb ªHesCe megJeCe&Jeod oerH³eceevee ³eLee YeJesce leLee kegÀefJe&efle ~ DeLe

®eemceekebÀ menefveJeemeb megªHeced GefÎM³e cee ve~ Demceeved keÀ½eve megKecemceekeÀcemenceeveë efÜ#ele ve Üssdìg ~

DemeHelveevemceeved kegÀefJe&efle ~ meOemLeb ceneLex íevomeë meOeMeyoë ~ menmLeefcel³eLe&ë ~ JesHeLegë ogJesHe= keÀcHeves

YJeeosë `efÜleesçLeg®ed ~ (Hee. 3~3~89)

SpeLegyee&nguekeÀeoLeg®ed ~ meb¢efMe mebHetJe&keÀeod ¢Mesë efkeÌJeHed, leefmceved ~ cee efÜ#ele efÜ<e DeÒeerleew Deoeosë ueg*d ~

cee*d³eesiesç[YeeJeë ~ Jesieë efJeefpejd He=LeiYeeJes pegnesl³eeosYee&Jes Ie_ed ~


efn.De.ö (ns He=efLeJeer) ceneved (legced) efJeMeeue efveJeeme mLeeve ngF& nes; legcnejs THej ceneved nue®eue ö ieefle SJeb

keÀcHeve nw ~ (efkeÀvleg) ceneved Fvê Òeceeo jefnle neskeÀj legcnejer j#ee keÀjlee nw ~ ns He=efLeJeer, Jen (legce) nceW

oMe&ve ceW mJeCe& kesÀ meceeve ÒekeÀeefMele keÀjes ~ keÀesF& Yeer ncemes Üs<e ve keÀjs ~


(Thou) the Mighty one hast become a vast abode. Geart verocity – agitation and

depression is on thee. The great India protects thee with unceasing care. O Earth, thou

as such make us shine as with the splendour of gold. Let none hate us.

Notes –JeYetefJeLeö bhu ‘to be’ perf. 2nd. Sing. SpeLegë – ej ‘to stir’ + DeLeg. JesHeLegë vip ‘to

tremble’ + DeLeg. j#eefle ö raks ‘to protect’ pres. 3rd. sing. – jes®e³e ruc ‘to shine’ caus,

impv, 2nd. Sing. mebÎefMe– Loc. Infinitive, from meced + drs ‘to see’ + F. efÜ#ele ö dvis ‘to

hate’ Atm. ‘sa’ – aorist, inju, 3rd. sing.

meb.Hee.- DeefiveYet&c³eecees<eOeer<JeefiveceeHees efyeYe´l³eefivejMcemeg ~

Deefivejvleë Heg©<es<eg iees<Jeées<Jeive³eë ~~19~~

He.Hee. - Deefiveë ~ Yetc³eeced ~ Dees<eOeer<eg ~ Deefiveced ~ DeeHeë ~ efyeYe´efle ~ Deefiveë ~ DeMceçmeg ~ Deefiveë ~

Devleë ~ Heg©<es<eg ~ iees<eg ~ Deées<eg ~ Deive³eë ~~~19~~

DevJe³e ö Yetc³eeb (³epeceeveeë) osJesc³eë osJesc³eë ³e%eced Dejbke=Àleb nJ³eb (®e) ooefle; Yetc³eeb ceveg<³eeë, cel³ee&ë

mJeOe³ee DeVesve (®e) peerJeefvle mee Yetefceë veë ÒeeCeced Dee³egë oOeeleg ~ He=efLeJeer cee pejoeefä ke=ÀCeesleg ~

Meyoe.ö Yetc³eeced = He=efLeJeer Hej, osJesY³eë = osJeleeDees kesÀ efue³es, ooefle = osles nQ, ³e%eced = ³e%e, nJ³eced=

nefJe, Dejbke=Àleced = De®íer ÒekeÀej mes lew³eej, Yetc³eeced = He=efLeJeer Hej, ceveg<³eeë = ceveg<³e, peerJeefvle = peerefJele

jnles nQ, mJeOe³ee = peue mes, DeVesve = DeVe mes, cel³ee&ë = ÒeeCeer, mee = Jen, veë = nceW, Yetefceë = He=efLeJeer,

ÒeeCeced = ÒeeCe, Dee³egë = Dee³eg, oOeeleg = OeejCe keÀje³es, pejoefäced = Je=×eJemLee, cee = cegPes, He=efLeJeer =

He=efLeJeer, ke=ÀCeesleg = keÀjs ~


meb.Yee.ö Deefivemet&c³eeb Dees<eOeer<eg YeJeefle ~ `DeivesJee& S<ee levet³e&oes<eOe³eë ~` (lew.meb. 3~2~5~7),

Dees<eOe³ees Jee DeivesYeefieOes³eced ~` (lew.meb.5~1~5~9) Fefle ®e ÞegeflejefHe ~ leLee DeeHees peueev³eefive efyeYe´efle ~

DeHmeg cesIes<Jevleefj#esçefiveefJe&ÐegêtHesCe YeJeefle ~ DeHmeg peues<eg Jee ~ `³ee (Deivesë) HeeJekeÀe (levetjemeerled)

DeHemle³ee (ÒeefJeMeled) ~` (keÀeþ. meb. 8~9) Fefle efn ÞegefleYe&Jeefle ~ DeefivejMcemeg Òemlejs<eg YeJeefle ³es<eeb

Oe<e&CesveemHeÀeuevesve Jeeefivepee&³eles ~ Heg©<es<Jevlejefiveë peeþjªHesCe YetkeÌleceVeb HeefjCece³eefle ~ iees<eg DeefiveYeg&keÌleb

le=Ceb #eerjªHesCe HeefjCece³eefle ~ Deées<eg DeefiveJexieceglHeeo³eefle SJe, Deive³eë meJe&$e Yetc³eeefo<eg ceveg<³eHeéeeefo<eg ®e

YeJeefvle efJeefJeOeb ®e HeefjCeceefvle ~ Deedcemeg DeMet*d J³eeHleew mebIeeles ®e mJeeosë `Dev³esY³eesçefHe Îed³evles ~`(Hee.

3~2~75) Fefle ceefveved, les<eg ~

efn.De.ö He=efLeJeer Hej (³epeceeve) osJeleeDeeW kesÀ efue³es ³e%e leLee Deuebke=Àle nefJe Òeoeve keÀjles nQ; He=efLeJeer Hej

ceveg<³e leLee (meYeer) ÒeeCeer peue Deewj DeVe mes peerefJele jnles nQ; Jen He=efLeJeer nceW ÒeeCe Deewj Dee³eg OejCe keÀjeJes,

He=efLeJeer cegPes Je=×eJemLee (Jeeueer Dee³eg) Òeoeve keÀjs ~


On earth (they) offer sacrifice and dressed oblation the gods; on earth men and (other)

mortal creatures live with water and with food; May the Earth bestow on us breath and

life. May Earth give me life of long duration.

Notes – ooefleöda ‘to give’ pres. 3rd. plu. peerJeefvle –Jiv ‘to live’ pres. 3rd. plu. cevegM³ee For

accent see J³eesçceved (Av. XII.1.8) oOeeleg – dha ‘to put’ impv. 3rd. sing.pejoeefäced –Jr. ‘to

waste away Mele= + as ‘to be’ + efkeÌleved. This kind of compd. is called syntactical compd.

It is of the nature of Bahuvrihi, which accents the first member. ke=ÀCeesleg – Kr. ‘to make’

impv. 3rd. sing.

meb.Heb. ö Deefiveefo&Je Dee leHel³eivesoxJem³eesJe&1vleefj#eced ~

Deefiveb celee&me FvOeles nJ³eJeenb Ie=leefHle³eced ~~20~~

He.Hee. - Deefiveë ~ efoJeë ~ Dee ~ leHeefle ~ Deivesë ~ osJem³e ~ G© ~ Devleefj#eced ~ Deefiveced ~ celee&meë ~

FvOeles ~ nJ³eçJeenced ~ Ie=leçefHle³eced ~~20~~


DevJe³e ö (ns) He=efLeefJe, ³eë les ievOeë mebyeYetJe, ³eced Dees<eOe³eë efyeYeéfle, ³ece DeeHeë (efyeYeéfle); ³eb ievOeJee&ë

DeHmejmeë ®e Yesefpejs lesve cee megjefYe ke=À<egë keÀ½eve veë mee efÜ#ele ~

Meyoe. ö ³eë = pees, les = legcneje, ievOeë = ievOe, He=efLeefJe = ns He=efLeefJe, mebyeYetJe, ³eced = efpemekeÀes, efyeYeéfle

= OeejCe keÀjleer nw, Dees<eOe³eë = Dees<eefOe³eew, ³eced = efpemekeÀes, DeeHeë = peue, ³eced = efpemekeÀes, ievOeJee&ë =

ievOeJeex ves, DeHmejmeë = DeHmejeDees ves, Yesefpejs = ÒeeHle efkeÀ³ee ³ee, lesve = Gmemes, cee = cegPes, megjefYeced =

megieefvOele, ke=ÀCeg = keÀjes, vee = veneR, veë = ncemes, efÜ#ele = Üs<e keÀjs, keÀ½eve keÀesF& ~

meb.Yee.- Deefiveefo&Je DeeleHeefle ÐegueeskeÀeled met³e&ªHesCeemecevleeled leHeefle ÒekeÀeMeles ~ osJem³e

Ðeesleceevem³eeivesë G© efyeeeueced Devleefj#eced DeHeebveHeeêtHem³e efveJeemeYetleb efJeÐeles, ³e$e me efnÐegêtHesCe Jemeefle ~

Deefiveb celee&meë He=efLeJ³eeb cejCeOecee&Cees ceeveJeemleceefiveb keÀer¢Meb nJ³eJeenb osJes<eg nefJe<eeb Jees{ejb, Ie=leefHle³eced

Deep³eceengleew oÊeb efÒe³eb ³em³e leb lee¢Meceefiveced FvOeles ³e%es<eg meefceoep³eeefoefYeë ÒepJeeue³eefvle ~ SJeceefivej³eb

efoefJe met³e&ªHesCeevleefj#esçHeebveHeeêtHesCe He=efLeJ³eeb ®e nJ³eJee[dªHesCe efleÿleerefle YeeJeë ~

efn.De.ö ns He=efLeJeer, pees legcneje ievOe GlHeVe ngDee nw, efpemekeÀes Deew<eefOe³eeb leLee efpemekeÀes peue OeejCe keÀjleer

nQ; efpemekeÀes ievOeJeex leLee DeHmejeDes ves ÒeeHle efkeÀ³ee Lee, Gmemes cegPes megieefvOele keÀjes; keÀesF& Yeer cegPe mes Üs<e ve

keÀjs ~


O Earth, scent that has risen from thee, which herbs bear, which the waters, which

Gandharvas and Apsarase have shared; with that (scent) make us scented. Let no body

hate us.

Notes-mebJeYetJe ö meced + bhu ‘to be’ perf. 3rd. sing. not unaccented because preceded by

³eë. efyeYeéfle – bhr. ‘to bear’ pres. 3rd. plu.; not unaccented because preceded by ³eced.

Yesefpejs – bhaj ‘to divide’. Perf. Atm. 3rd. plu; not unaccented because preceded by ³eced.

ke=ÀCeg – kr ‘to make’ impv. 2nd. Sing. efÜ#ele – see AV. XII. 1.18.

meb.Hee. - DeefiveJeemeeëHe=efLeJ³eçefmele%etefmlJe<eercevleb mebefMeleb cee ke=ÀCeesleg ~~21~~

He.Hee.- DeefiveçJeemeeë ~ He=efLeJeer ~ Deefmeleç%etë ~ mecedçefMeleced ~ cee ~ ke=ÀCeesleg ~~21~~


DevJe³e ö (ns) Yetces, ³eeëles Òee®eerë ³ee Goer®eerë ³eeë les DeOejeled ³eeë ®e He½eeled ÒeefleMeë leeë ®ejles ce¿eb

m³eesveeë YeJevleg ~ YegJeves efMeefÞe³eeCeë (Den) cee efve Hemeced ~

Meyoe.ö ³eeë = pees, les = legcnejer, Òee®eerë = HetJe&, ÒeefoMeë = efoMee³es, ³eeë = pees, Goer®eerë = GlHej

efoMee³eW, ³eeë = pees, les = legcnejer, Yetces = ns He=efLeJeer, DeOejeled = veer®es mes, ³eeë = pees, ®e = Deewj, Heáeeled=

Heerísmes, m³eesveeë = megKeosves Jeeueer, leeë = Jes, ceneced = cesjs efue³es, ®ejles = efJe®ejCe keÀjves Jeeues kesÀ efue³es,

YeJevleg = nesJex, cee = cele, efve HeHleced = veer®es efie©b, YegJeves = ³esJeer Hej, efMeefÞe³eeCeë = efveJeeme keÀjlee ngDee ~

meb.Yee. ö F³eb He=efLeJeer DeefiveJeemeeë ~ DeefiveJee&mees Jem$ecee®íeoveb ³em³eemlee¢Meer YeJeefle ~ Dele SJe

Deefmele%etë Deefmeles M³eeces peevegveer ³em³eeë mee ~ oeJeeefivevee oiOeeveeb JeveÒeosMeeveeb M³eecelJeeled M³eecepeevegë ~

mes³eb He=efLeJeer cee ceeb eflJeef<ecevleb keÀeefvle³egkeÌleb DeespeefmJeveb mebefMeleb megleer#Ceb ®e kegÀMeeûeyegef×b ke=ÀCesleg keÀjesleg ~

Deefmele%etë ve efmeles peevegveer ³em³eeë ~ peevegMeyom³e %egMíevomeë ~

efn.De.ö ns He=efLeJeer, pees legcnejer HetJe&, pees GÊej, pees legcnejer oef#eCe Deewj pees Heef½ece efoMee³ex nw, Jes (He=efleJeer

Hej) efJe®ejCe keÀjves Jeeues cesjs efue³es megKe Òeoeve keÀjves Jeeueer nesJex ~ He=efLeJeer Hej efveJeeme keÀjlee ngDee ceQ veer®es

ve efieªb ~


O Earth, which are thy eastern, which are thy northern, which are thy southern and

which are thy western regions; may all of them be gracious for me, the moving one on

the earth; let me not sturmble.

Notes –®ejles ö Dative sing. of®ejled from car ‘to move YeJevleg – bhu ‘to be’ impv. 3rd.

plu. HeHleced - pat

ÒeLecee

menm$eMeer<ee& Heg©<eë menm$ee#eë menm$eHeeled ~

me Yetefceä meJe&leë mHelJeel³eefleÿÎee²ueced ~~1~~


GJeìYee<³e:öHejceelceefJe%eeveevevoeefoiegCeeO³eelceefve ÒeYetleë Heg©<ecesOees ³e%eëÒepeeHeefleë ueeskeÀkeÀeueeiv³eeefoJeHegë

Heg©<eeslHeefÊeefmLeeflemebËleerveeb neslegë mJeiee&HeJeiezée³e&cees#eoes %eevekeÀce&meceg½e³ekeÀejCeb Mejerjb `³e%ees Jee Dem³eelcee

YeJeleer` efle Þegefleë ~ menñeMeer<ee& Heg©<e Fl³evegJeekesÀve <ees[Me®exveevegägYesve ef$eägyevl³esve ye´ïeCes

yeéïeCeefcel³eeÐeJe³eJe YetleHeg©<eÜejsCeeJe³eJeer mlet³eles ~ FoeveeR mlegl³eLe¥efveJe&®eveÜejsCe ê{ef³elegceen ~ `DeLe

memceelHeg©<ecesOees veevesces nw ueeskeÀeë Hetj³ecesJe Heg©<ees ³ees³eb HeJeles meesçm³eeb Hegefj Mesles lemceelHeg©<eë ~ lem³e ³eos<eg

ueeskesÀ<JeVeb leom³eeVeb cesOemleom³ewleoVeb cesOemlemceelHeg©<ecesOeë` ~ Heg©<emetkeÌlem³e veeje³eCe$eÝef<eë Heg©<ees

osJeleevegägHívoë Devl³ee ef$eäHed cees#es efJeefve³eesieë ~ Dem³e Yee<³eb MeewvekeÀes veece $eÝef<ejkeÀjesled ~ ÒeLeceb efJe®ísoë

ef¬eÀ³eekeÀjkeÀmebyeveOeë meceemeë Òeces³eeLe&J³eeK³esefle meJe&cesleppevekeÀe³e cees#eeLe& keÀLe³eeceemesefle ~ menm$eMeer<ee&

Heg©<eë menm$e#eë menmedefHeeled ~ meë Yetefceced meJe&leë mHe=lJee Deefle Deefleÿled oee²§ueced ~ meë Heg©<eë

veeje³eCeeK³eë meJe&leë YegJevekeÀesMem³e Yetefceb mHe=lJee J³eeH³e oMee²§ueced Del³eefleÿled ~ oMe ®e leeefve De²§ueeefve

oMee²§ueeveerefvê³eeefCe ~ kesÀef®eov³eLee jes®e³eefvle oMee²§ueÒeceeCeb Ëo³emLeeveced ~ DeHejs leg veeefmekeÀeûeb

oMee²§ueefceefle ~ efkebÀYetleesçmeew menñeMeer<ee& Heg©<eë ~ menñee#eë menñeeC³e#eerefCe ves$eeefCe lem³eemeew menñee#eë ~

menñeHeeled Heeoeveece²eveeb menñeeefCe ³em³e me menñeHeeled ~ SleêgCeë Heg©<eë leÐeeH³e Deefle¬eÀc³e efmLele

Fefle ~~1~~

jceekeÀevleb efiejb velJee nsjcyeb efMeJeceefcyekeÀeced ~

SkeÀef$eMesçOegveeO³ee³es JesooerHees efJelev³eles ~~

cenerOejYee<³e :ö èfJe³egkeÌleevye´ïeeefYekeÀäewefle nesle=JeovegJeekesÀve menñeMeer<exefle` (keÀel³ee. 21~1~11)~

Deem³eeLe&ë ~ efve³egkeÌleevyeéïeCeefcel³eeefoHeMetved menñeMeer<exl³evegJeekesÀve <ees[Me®exve Je´ïee medleewefle nesle=Jeefoefle ef$eë

ÒeLeceb ef$enÊeceeefcel³eeÐegkeÌleÒekeÀejsCesl³eLe&ë ~ `$ewOeeleJ³evles meceejes¿eelceVeiveer met³e&cegHemLee³eeYÐeë mebYe=le Fl³eveg

JeekesÀveeveHes#eceeCeesçjC³eb ielJee ve Òel³eJes³eeod ûeeces JeeefJeJelmeVejC³eesë` (keÀe.21~1~17-18) ~ $ewOeeleJeer

GoJemeeveer ³esefäë leovles De³eb les ³eesefveefjl³eûeer Deelceefve meceejes¿e leo<ceeCeceem³ees ÒeJesM³eeYÐeë mebYe=le Fefle

<e[=®esveevegJeekesÀve met³e&cegHemLee³e He½eeoHeM³evJeveb ielJee ûeeceb veeie®ísled ~ JeeveÒemLees YeJesefol³eLe&ë ~ ³eÜeûeeces

Jemlegefce®íved DejC³eesjiveer meceejesH³eekeÀexHemLeeveevevlejb ûeeces ielJee ³e%eevkegÀ³e&eefoefle met$eeLe&ë DeLe cev$eeLe &ë ~

veeje³eCeHeg©<eo=äe peieÜerpeHeg©<eosJel³eeë <ees[Me $eÝ®eë HeáeoeevegägYeë <ees[Meer ef$eägHed ~ ye´ïeCes yeéïeCeefcel³eeÐeeë

Heg©<ecesOeªHem³e HejceelceveesçJe³eJeeë HetJee&O³ee³eevles ÒeeskeÌleemles <eeceJe³eJeer Heg©<eesç$e mlet³eles ~

DeJ³ekeÌlecenoeefoefJeue#eCe½eslevees ³eë Heg©<eë Heg©<eeVe Hejb efkebÀef®e` efol³eeefoÞegefle<eg Òeefme×ë meJe&ÒeeefCemeceefäªHees

ye´ïeeC[osnes efJejepeeK³eesçefmle ~ keÀer¢Meë ~ menñeMeer<ee& menñeMeyoes yenglJeJee®eer ~ mebK³eeJee®ekeÀlJes menñe#e

Fefle efJejesOeë m³eeled ves$emenñeÜ³esve ®e YeeJ³eced ~ leleë menñecemebK³eeefve Meer<eee|Ce efMejebefme ³em³e meë

`Meer<e&®ívoefme` (Hee. 6~1~60) Fefle efMejëMeyom³e Meer<e&VeosMeë ~ efMejesûenCeb meJee&Je³eJeesHeue#eCeced ~

³eeefve meJe&ÒeeefCeveeb efMejebefme leeefve meJee&efCe leÎ;wsvleëHeeeflelJeeled lem³ewJesefleo menñeMeer<e&lJeced` ~ SJeceûesçefHe ~


menñee#eë menñece#eerefCe ³em³e meë ~ Deef#eûenCeb meJe&%eevesefvê³eesHeue#ekeÀced ~ menñeHeeled menmedeE Heeoe ³em³e

`mebK³eemegHetJe&m³e` (Hee.5~4~140) Fefle Heeom³eevl³eueesHeë ~ HeeoûenCeb keÀcexefvê³esHeue#eCeced ~ meë Heg©<ees

Yetefceb ye´ïeeC[ueeskeÀªHeeb meJe&leë efle³e&kedÀ TOJe&ceOe½e mHe=K³ee J³eeH³e ~ mHe=CeesefleJ³ee&efHlekeÀcee& ~ ³eÜe YetefceMeyodes

YetleesHeue#eleë ~ Heáe Yetleeefve J³eeH³e oMee²§ueHeefjefceleb osMeceO³eefleÿled Deefle¬eÀc³eeJeefmLeleë ~

oeMee¹§ueefcel³egHeue#eCeced ~ ye´ïeeC[yoefnjefHe meJe&leesJ³eeH³eeJeefmLele Fl³eLe&ë ~ ³eoJee veeYesë

mekeÀeMeeÎMee²§ueceefle¬eÀc³e Ëefo efmLeleë ~ veeefYele Fefle kegÀlees ueY³eles `keÀlece Deelcel³egHe¬eÀc³e `meesç³eb

efJe%eevece³eë ÒeeCes<eg ËÐevlep³eexefle` efjefle Þeglesë efJe%eeveelcevees ËÐeJemLeeveb keÀce&HeÀueeWHeYeesiee³e Devle³eee|ceCees

efve³evle=lJesve ~ leoglkeÀced `Üe megHeCee& me³egpee meKee³ee meceeveb Je=#eb Heefj<emJepeeles ~ le³eesjv³eë efHeHHeueb

mJeeÜÊ³eveÞeVev³ees DeefYe®eekeÀMeerefle` (cegC[. 3~1~1) Fefle ~ me Heg©<eesç$e osJelee ~ leLee®e Þegefleë `Fces Jew

ueeskeÀeë Hetj³ecesJe Het©<ees ³eesç³eb HegJeles meesçm³eeb Hegefj Mesles lemceelHeg©<eë` (13~6~2~1) Fefle ~~1~~

efÜefle³ee

Heg©<e SJesod*d meJex ³eÓtleb ³e®e®e ceeJ³eced ~

Gleece=lelJem³eseevees ³eoVesveeeflejesnefle ~~2~~

GJeìYee<³e :ö Heg©<e SJe ~ Heg©<eë SJe Foced meJe&ced ³eled Yetleced ³eled ®e YeeJ³eced ~ Gle Dece=lelJem³e F&Meeveë

³eled DeVesve Deeflejesnefle ~ me SJe Heg©<eë HetJe&He³ee&³eefJeMesef<ele SJeMeyoes veev³eë ~ Fob Jele&ceevekebÀ meJe&ced ³e_e®e

Yetleceleerleced ³e®e®e YeeJ³eb YeefJe<³eled lem³e keÀeue$e³em³e F&Meeveë ~ ve kesÀJeueb keÀeue$e³em³e F&DeMeeveë ~ Gle

Dece=lelJem³eeefHe cees#em³eeefHe ~ GleMeyoesçefHeMeyoeLex ~ keÀmceelkeÀejCeeled ~ ³eled DeVesve Dece=lesve Deeflejesnefle

DeeflejesOeb keÀjesefle ~ meJe&m³eséej Fefle ~~2~~

cenerOejYee<³eë ö ³eled Fob Jele&ceeveb peieled lem³eJex Heg©<e SJe ~ ³eled Yetleceleerleb peieled ³e®®e YeeJ³eb Yeefle<³eb

peieled leoefHe Heg©<e SJe ~ ³eLeeefmceved keÀuHes Jele&ceeveeë ÒeeefCeosneë meJexçefHe efJejeìdHeg©<eme³eeJe³eJeeë

leLewDeJeeleerleeieeefceveesjefn keÀuHe³eesê&äJ³eefceefle YeeJeë ~ GleeefHe ®e Dece=lelJem³e osJem³e F&Meeveë mJeeceer me

Heg©<eë ³eled ³emceeled DeVesve ÒeeefCeveeb Yeesi³esveeVesve HeÀuesve efveefceÊeYetlesveeeflejesnefle mJeer³eeb keÀjCeeJemLeeceefle¬eÀc³e

Heefj¢M³eceeveeb peieoJemLeeb ÒeeHleesefle lemceelHeg©<e SJe ~ ÒeeefCeveeb keÀce&HeÀueYeesiee³e peieoJemeLeemJeerkeÀejeVesob

lem³e JemleglJeefcel³eLe&ë ~ ³eÜe meJex Heg©<e½esÊeefn& HeefjCeeceerl³eeMe¹d³een ~ Dece=lelJem³eecejCeOece&m³esMeeveë

cegkeÌlesjerMeë ~ ³ees efn cees#eséejes veemeew efce´³ele Fl³eLe&ë ~ efkebÀ®e ³eled peerJe peeleceVesveeeflejesnefle GlHeÐeles lem³e

meJe&m³e ®esMeeveë ye´ïeeefomlecJeHe³e&vlees Yetleûeece GkeÌleë lem³eeVesvewJe efmLelesë `FleëÒeoeveeefÜ osJee GHepeerJeefvle`

Fefle Þeglesë ~~2~~


le=efle³ee

SleeJeevem³e ceefnceelees p³ee³eeb½e Het©<eë ~

Heeoesçm³e efJeéee Yetleeefve ef$eHeeom³ece=leb efoefJe ~~3~~

GJeìYee<³e :- SleeJeevem³e ~ SleeJeeved Dem³e ceefncee Deleë p³ee³eeved ®e Het©<eë ~ Heeoë Dem³e efJeMeJee

Yetleeefve ef$eHeeled Dem³e Dece=leb efoefJe ~ Dem³e Heg©<em³e HetJeexkeÌleefJeMes<eCeefJeMesef<elem³e SleeJeeved ceefncee SleosJe

cenÊJecem³e ~ Deleë keÀejCeeled p³ee³eeb½e Heg©<eë ceneefvel³eLe&ë ~ keÀmceevcenÊJecee³eeleced ~ ³emeceelHeeoë

SkeÀeWMeë Dem³e Heg©<em³e ~ efJeéee Yetleeefve efJeéeeefve ®elego&MeYegJevememetns ³eeefve ®elegOee& Yetleeefve leev³eskeÀeWMeë ~

ef$eHeelHegveë $e³eeWMeeë Dem³e Heg©<em³e Dece=leced $eÝi³epegëmeeceue#eCeced Deeefol³eue#eCeb Jee efoefJe Ðeesleles

Fefle ~~3~~

cenerOej Yee<³e :ö DeleerleeveeveleJele&ceevekeÀeuemebye×b peieÎeJeoefmle SleeJeevmeJeexçefHe Dem³e Heg©<em³e ceefncee

mJekeÀer³emeceL³e&efJeMes<ees efJeYetefleë veleg JeemleJeb mJeªHeced ~ JeemleJeHeg©<emleg Deleë Demceeled ceefncvee

peieppeeueeled p³ee³eeb½e DeefleMe³esveeefOekeÀë ~ SleogYe³eb mHeäeref¬eÀ³eles ~ Dem³e Heg©<em³e efJeéee meJeee|Ce Yetleeefve

keÀeue$e³eJeleeaefve ÒeeefCepeeleeefve HeeoMe®elegLexeMeë ~ Dem³e Heg©<em³eeJeefMeä ef$eHeelmJeªHeced Dece=leb efJeveeMejefnleb

leled efoefJe ÐeesÜveelcekesÀ mJeÒekeÀeMes mJeªHesçJeeflesdþle Fefle Mes<eë ~ ³eÐeefHe `mel³eb %eevecevevleb ye´ïes` l³eecveelem³e

Hejye´ïeCe F³eÊee³ee DeYeeJeeled Heeo®elegä³eb efveªHeef³elegceMekeÌ³eb leLeeefHe peieefoob ye´ïeªHeeHes#e³eeuHeefceefle

efJeJeef#elelJeelHeeolJeesHev³eemeë ~~3~~

®elegLeea

ef$eHeeotOJe& GowlHeg©<eë Heeoesçm³esneYeJelHegveë ~

lelees efJe<Je*d J³e¬eÀecelmeeMeveeveMeves DeefYe ~~4~~

GJeìYee<³e :- ef$eHeeotOJe&ë ~ ef$eHeeled TOJe&ë Gled Ssled Heg©<eë Heeoë Dem³e Fn DeYeJeled Hegveë ~ leleë efJe<Je*d

efJe De¬eÀeceled meeMeveeveMeves DeefYe ~ ³emceeo³eb Heg©<eë ef$eHeeled $³ebMeYetleë TOJe&ë GHeefjäele Gowled

osoerH³eceeveefmleÿefle ~ Dem³e ®e He©<em³e Heeoë SkeÀeWMeë Fn $ewueeskeÌ³es yeerpeYetleb ®eleg<eg& Yetles<eg DeYetled Yetleced ~

leleë lemceelkeÀejCeeled efJe<Je*d YegJevekeÀesMeb J³e¬eÀeceled GlHeVeefcel³eLe&ë ~ lemceeosJe Heg©<eeled ~ meeMeveeveMeves

DeefYe meeMeveb mJeie&ced DeveMeveb cees#eced meJex peielmJeiex Òeefle cees#eb Òeefle ®e lemceeosJeeslHeVeefcel³eLe&ë ~~4~~


ceefnOej Yee<³e :- ³eesç³eb ef$eHeelHeg©<eë mebmeejmHeMe&jefnleye´ïeªHeë De³ecetOJe&ë Gowled Demceeo%eevekeÀe³ee&led

mebmeejeyoefnYet&leesç$el³ewieg&Ceos<ewjmHe=äë GlkeÀ<exCe efmLeleJeeved ~ lem³eem³e Heeoes uesMees peieêtHeë Fn cee³ee³eeb Hegveë

DeYeJeled me=efsìmebnejeY³eeb Hegveë Hegvejeie®íefle ~ meJe&m³e peieleë HejceelceuesMelJeb YeieJeleeH³egkeÌleced

`efJesdìY³eenefceob ke=ÀlmveceskeÀebMesve efmLelees peieled` (Yeie. 10~42) Fefle ~ lelees cee³ee³eeceeiel³eevevlejb efJe<Je*d

efJe<eg meJe&$eeáeleerefle efJe<Je*d osJeefle³e&ieeefoªHesCe efJeefJeOeë meved J³e¬eÀeceled J³eeHleJeeved ~ efHebÀke=ÀlJee meeMeveeveMeves

DeefYe DeefYeue#³e DeMevesve men Jele&ceeveb meeMeveced DeMeveeefoJ³eJenejesHesleb ®esleveÒeeefCepeeleced DeveMeveb

leêefnlece®esleveb efieefjveÐeeefokeÀced les DeefYeue#³e mJe³ecesJe efJeefJeOees YetlJee J³eeHleJeeefvel³eLe&ë ~~4~~

Heáeceer

lelees efJeje[pee³ele efJejepees DeefOe Het©<eë ~

me peelees Del³eefj®³ele He½eeÓtefceceLees Hegjë ~~5~~

DeJeì Yee<³e : lelees efJejeìd ~ leleë efJejeìd Depee³ele efJejepeë DeefOeHet©<eë ~ meë peeleë Deefle Deefj®³ele

He½eeled Yetefceced DeLees Hegjë ~ lemceeosJe Heg©<eeled efJeéeeslHeefÊeë ~ le$e HegJex efJejeìd Depee³ele ~ efJejepeë DeefOeHet©<eë

ÒeOeeveb lespeë ~ me #es$e%eë ye´ïee me=efäke=Àle peele~ meved Deefleefj®³eles ~ meesçefYeleë He½eeled Demceeled #es$e%eeled

ye´ïeCeë Yetefceë He=efLeJ³eeoew peelee GlHeVee Fefle ~ DeLeesçvevlejced Hegjë MejerjeefCe HegjeefCe ®elegefJe&Oeeefve Yetleeefve

Depee³evle ~ Heg$eeoerefve lesvewJeeslHeeefoleeefve SJeceskeÀeWMeë lesvewJe meJex efJeéeceglHeeefoleefceefle ~~5~~

ceefnOej Yee<³e :- efJe<Je*d J³e¬eÀeceefoefle ³eogkeÌleb leosJe ÒeHeáed³eles ~ leleë lemceeoeefoHeg©<eeled efJejeìd

ye´ïeeC[osnesçpee³ele peeleë ~ efJeefJeOeb jepevles Jemletv³e$esefle efJejeìd ~ efJejepeë DeefOe efJeje[dosnm³eesHeefle lecesJe

osnceefOekeÀjb ke=ÀlJee Heg©<eë leÎsneefYeceeveer SkeÀ SJe Hegceevepee³ele ~ meJe&JesoevleJesÐeë Hejceelcee mJecee³e³ee

efJeje[dosnb ye´ïeeC[ªHeb me=ädJee le$e peerJeªHesCe ÒeefJeM³e ye´ïeeC[efYeceeveer osJeleelcee peerJeesçYeJeefole³eLe&ë ~

Sle®®eeLeJe&ÊejleeHeveer³es mHeäcegkeÌleced `me Jee S<e Yetleeveerefvê³eeefCe efJejepeb osJeleeë keÀesMeeb½e me=ädJee$e ÒeefJeä FJe

efJenjefle` (ve=efmebnlee. 2~1) Fefle ~ efkebÀ®e me peelee efJejeìdHegg<eesçl³eefj®³ele DeefleefjkeÌlees

osJeefle³e&¹veg<³eeefoªHeesçYetled He½eeÎsJeeefopeerJeYeeJeeotOJex Yetefceb memepexefle Mes<eë ~ DeLees Yetefceme=äsjvevlejb les<eeb

peerJeeveeb Hegjë memepe& ~ Het³e&vles meHleefYeOee¥legefYeefjefle Hegjë MejerjeefCe ~~5~~

<eÿer

lemceeÐe%eelmeJe&ngleë mebYe=leb He=<eoep³eced ~

HeMetmleeb½e¬esÀ Jee³eJ³eeveejC³ee ûeec³ee½e ³es ~~6~~


GJeì Yee<³e :ö lemceeÐe%eeleLe ~ lemceeled ³e%eeled meJe&ngleë mebYe=leb He=<eoep³eced ~ HeMetved leeved ®e¬esÀ Jee³eJ³eeved

DeejC³eeë ûec³eeë ®e ³es ~ ³eLee DeefiveäesceeK³eeÊemceeÐe%eelmeJe&ngleë mebYe=leb He=<eoep³eced lesve Jee³eJ³eeved HeMetved

DeejC³ee ûeec³ee½e ³es leeved ke=ÀleJevleë ~ SJeceelce³e%eeled meJe&ngleelHetefjleeled GlHeVesve ³eesefieveë meJee&ved HeMetved

meJeee|Ce Yetlepeeleeefve keÀjueJelHeM³eefvle ~ HeM³eefvle efkeÀue %eevelespemee Yetlepeeleeefve ~~~6~~

cenerOej Yee<³e :- meJex nt³eles ³eefmceved me meJe&ngled lemceelHeg©<ecesOeeK³eeled ³e%eeled He=<eoep³eb oefOeefceÞeceep³eb

mebYe=leb mebHeeefoleced ~ oO³eep³eeefoYeesi³epeeleb mebHeeefoleefcel³eLe&ë ~ Heg©<esCesefle Mes<e~ ~ leLee med Heg©<eë

Jee³eJ³eevJee³egosJeleekeÀeved leevÒeefme×eved HeMetved ®ekesÀ GlHeeefoleJeeved ~ `Devleefj#eosJel³eeë Keueg Jew HeMeJeë` Fefle

Þeglesë ~ Devleefj#em³e ®e Jee³egosJel³elJeelHeMetveeb Jee³egosJelJeced ~ leevkeÀeved ~ ³es ®eejCe³eeë DejC³es YeJeeë

nefjCeeo³eë ~ ³es ®e ûeeceYeJee ieJeeéeeo³emleevHeMetved ®e¬esÀ ~~6~~

meHleceer

lemceeÐe%eelmeJe&ngle $eÝ®eë meceeefve peef%ejs ~

ívoe*defme peef%ejs lemceeÐepegmlemceeopee³ele ~~7~~

DeJeì Yeeä :-lemceeÐe%eeled ~ lemceeled ³e%eeled meJe&ngleë $eÝ®eë meeceeefve peef%ejs ~ ívoebefme peef%ejs lemceeled

³epegë lemceeled Depee³ele ~ lemceeosJe ³e%eelmeJe&ngleë ÒepJeeefueleeled ³eLee $eÝ®eë meeceeefve ³epetbef<e ®e osJee

GlHeeo³eefvle ívobefme ®e ~ SJeceelce³e%es ÒeCeJesve oerefHeles mJe³ecesJe %eeveeoefOeefÿleeefve YeJeefvle ~ SJeb ³esve

Hejceelceefve %ee³eles meJex peiOeeë (?) meJe¥ Jee²e³eb %eeveb YeJeleerefle ~~7~~

cenerOej Yee<³e :- meJe&ngleë lemceeÐe%eeled $eÝ®eë meeceeefve ®e peef%ejs GlHeVeeefve ~ ívoeefme iee³e$³eeoerefve peef%ejs

lemceeÐepegjH³epee³ele ~ $eÝi³epegë meeceefYeMívoesefYe½e efJevee ³e%ee ve efmeO³eefvle ~~~7~~

Deäceer

lemceeoée Depee³evle ³es kesÀ peesYe³eeoleë ~

ieeJees n peef%ejs lemceeÊemceeppeelee DepeeJe³eë ~~8~~~

GJeì Yeeä :- lemceeled ~ lemceeled Deéeeë Depee³evle ³es kesÀ ®e GYe³eeoleë ~ ieeJeë n peef%ejs lemceeled lemceeled

peeleeë DepeeJe³eë ~ lemceeÐe%eele Deéeeë Depee³evle GlHeVee~ ~ leLee³es kesÀ peeéeeefleefjkeÌlee ieo&Yeeo³eesçéeleje½e


GYe³eeoleë GYe³eesYee&ie³eeso&vlee ³es<eeb les GYe³eoleë ~ íevomeb oerIe&lJeced ~ TOJee&OeesYeeie³eeso&vle³egkeÌleeë meefvle

lesçH³epee³evle ~ leLee n mHegÀìb lemceeÐe%eeled ieeJeë ®e peef%ejs ~ efkebÀ®e lemceeÐe%eeled DepeeJe³eë Depeeë DeJe³e½e

peeleeë ~ veefn HeMegefYeefJe&vee ³e%eë efmeO³esled ~~8~~

cenerOej Yee<³e :ö lemcee%eeled Deéeeë Depee³evele GlHeVeeë leLee ³es kesÀ ®eeéeeefleefjkeÌlee ie&oYeeo³eesçéeleje½e

GYe³eeoleë GYe³eesYee&ie³eeso&vlee ³es<eeb les GYe³eoleë ~ íevomeb oerIe&lJeced ~ TOJee&OeesYeeie³eeso&vle³egkeÌleeë meefvle

lesçH³epee³evle ~ leLee n mHegÀìb lemceeled ³e%eeled ieeJeë ®e peef%ejs ~ efkebÀ®e lemceeÐe%eeled DepeeJe³eë Depeeë

DeJe³e½e peeleeë ~ ve efn HeMegefYeefJe&vee ³e%eë efmeO³esled ~~8~~

veJeceer

leb ³e%eb yeefn&ef<e Òeew#evHeg©<eb peeleceûeleë ~

lesve osJee De³epevle meeO³ee $eÝ<e³e½e ³es ~~9~~

GJeì Yee<³e :- leb ³e%eced ~ leced ³e%eced Jeefn&ef<e Òeew#eved Heg©<eced peeleced Deûeleë ~ lesve osJeeë De³epevle meeO³eeë

$eÝ<e³eë ®e ³es ~ ³eLesvêsCe le$e ³e%es DeefiveäesceeK³ees Jeefn&<ee Òeesef#eleë Heg©Mes peeleë ~ leÜoelce³e%es Jeefn&<ee

HedeCee³eecesve oerefHelesve leefmcevHeg©<ees peeleë ~ %eeveceglHeÐeles efoJ³eced ~ Deûeleë ÒeLeceleë ~ lesve osJee Fvêeo³eë

meeO³ee½e $eÝ<e³e½e ³eLee De³epevle ~ leLee osJee ³eesefieveë keÀefHeueeo³e½e meeO³ee½eHejs $eÝ<e³eë ~ $eÝ<e³e½eeH³eslesvewJe

ÒeCeJeeefOeefÿlesve Heg©<esCeelce³e%eb ke=ÀleJevle Fefle ~~9~~

cenerOej Yee<³e :- ³e%emeeOeves ³e%eMeyoë ~ ³e%eb ³e%emeeOeveYetleb leb Heg©<eb HeMeglJeceeYeeJ³e ³etkesÀ ye×b

yeefn&ef<eceevemes ³e%es Òeew#evÒeesef#eleJevleë Òees#eCeeefoefYeë mebmkeÀejewë mebmke=ÀleJevleë ~ keÀer¢Meced ~ Deûeleë me=äsë HetJex

peeleb Heg©<elJesveeslHeVeced ~ Sle®®e ÒeevesJeeskeÌleced lemceeefÜje[pee³ele efJejepees DeefOe Het©<e Fefle ~ lesve Heg©<eªHesCe

HeMegvee osJee De³epevle ceeveme³eeieb efve<HeeefoleJevleë ~ kesÀ les osJee Fl³e$een ~ ³es meeO³eeë me=efämeeOeve³eesi³eeë

ÒepeeHeefleÒeYe=le³eë ~ ³es ®e leovegketÀuee $eÝ<e³eë cev$eêäejë les meJexçH³e³epevle ~~9~~

oMeceer

³elHe©<eb J³eoOegë keÀefleOee J³ekeÀuHe³eced ~

cegKeb efkeÀcem³eemeereflkebÀ yeent efkeÀcet© Heeoe G®³esles ~~10~~


GJeì Yee<³e :- ³elHeg©<eced ~ ³eled Heg©<eb J³eoOegë keÀefleOee J³ekeÀuHe³eved ~ cegKeced efkeÀced Dem³e Deemeerled efkebÀ yeent

efkeÀced Tª Heeoew G®³esles ~ ³elHeg©<eced osJee Fvêeo³eë leefmceved ³e%es J³eoOegë ke=ÀleJevlees ³eLee ~ leÜled ³esefieveë

Deelce³e%es Heg©<eb %eeveced ³eled %eeveevleb lelke=ÀleJevleë keÀefleÒekeÀejb efJekeÀefuHeleJevleë ~ lem³ewJebefJeOel³e efkebÀ cegKeced

keÀew yeent keÀew Tª Heeoew G®³esles G®®evleeefcel³eLe&ë ~ yeéïeCe#eef$e³eJewM³eMetêeë efmLelee Fl³eLe&ë ~~10~~

cenerOejYee<³e : ÒeMveesÊejªHesCe yeéïeCeeefome=efä JekeÌlegb ye´ïeJeeefoveeb ÒeMvee G®³evles ~ HejpeeHelesë ÒeeCeªHee osJe

³eled ³eoe Heg©<eb J³eoOegë keÀeuesveesoHeeo³eved leoe keÀefleOee keÀefleefYeë ÒekeÀejwJ³e&keÀuHe³eved efJeefJeOeb keÀefuHeleJevleë ~

Dem³e Heg©<em³e cegKeb efkeÀceemeerled efkebÀ yeent Tª ®eemleeced ~ efkebÀ®e Heeoew G®³esles HeeoeJeefHe

efkeÀceemleeefcel³eLe&ë ~~10~~

SkeÀeoMeer

yeéïeCeesçm³e cegKeceemeerÜent jepev³eë ke=Àleë ~

Tª leom³e ³eÜwM³eë HeÓd³ee*d Meêes Depee³ele ~~11~~

DeJeì Yee<³e :- yeéïeCesçm³e ~ yeéïeCeë Dem³e cegKeced Deemeerled yeent jepev³eë ke=Àleë ~ Tª lele Dem³e ³eled

JewM³eë HeYÐeeced Metêë Depee³ele ~ Dem³e me%eeslHeVem³e Heg©<em³e ³es kesÀef®eêeïeCeeë les cegKeced Deemeerled ~ ³es

#eef$e³eeë les yeentke=Àleeë ~ ³es JewM³eeë les Dem³e ªª ke=Àleeë ~ ³es Metêeë les HeYÐeece Depee³evle Fefle keÀuH³evles

leom³eeslHeVeleJeeefoefle ~ SJeceslesçJe³eJeeë efMejëÒeYe=le³eë Heg©<em³e efJeÐevles veev³es Fefle ~~11~~

cenerOej Yee<³e :- HetJeexkeÌleÒeMveesÊejeC³een ~ ye´ïeCeë ye´ïelJepeeefleefJeefMeäë Heg©<eesçm³e ÒepeeHelesceg&Keceemeerled ~

cegKeeoglHeVe Fl³eLe&ë ~ jepev³eë #eef$e³elJepeeefleefJeefMeäes yeent ke=Àleë yeentlJesve efve<Heeefoleë ~ leled leoeveercem³e

ÒepeeHelesë ³eled ³eeJetª leêtHees JewM³eë mebHeVeë ~ T©Y³eeceglHeeefole Fl³eLe&ë ~ leLeemleg HeYÐeeb

MetêlJepeeefleceevHeg©nesçpee³ele GlHeVeë ~~11~~

ÜeoMeer

®evêcee cevemees peele½e#eesë met³eex Depee³ele ~

Þees$eeÜe³eg½e ÒeeCe½e cegKeeoefivejpee³ele ~~12~~


GJeì Yee<³e :- ®evêcee cevemeë ~ ®evêceeë cevemeë peeleë ®e#eesë met³e&ë Depee³ele ~ Þees$eeled Jee³egë ®e ÒeeCeë ®e

cegKeeled Deefive~ Depee³ele ~ lem³ewJebefJeOem³e ³e%eeslHeVem³e Heg©<em³e ~ ®evêceeë cevemeë ®eslemeë peeleë

Depee³elesefle keÀuHevee ~ ceve SJe ®evêceeë ~ ®e#eesë ves$eeY³eeb met³e&ë ~ ves$es SJe met³e&ë ~ ³e~ ÒeeCees peerJeë me SJe

Jee³egë Þes$eled Depee³elesefle keÀuH³eles Þees$ecesJe Jee³egë ~ ³eesç³eceefiveë me cegKeeled Depee³elesefle keÀuH³eles

cegKecesJeeefiveë DeMeesHleVelJeeefoefle ~~12~~

cenerOej Yee<³e ö³eLee oO³eeefleêJ³eeefCe ieJeeo³eë HeMeJeë $eÝieeefoJesleeë ye´eïeCeo³ees ceveg<³ee½e lemceeoglHeVeeë

SJeb ®evêeo³ees osJee DeefHe lemceeosJeeslHeVee Fl³een ~ cevemeë mekeÀeMee®e®evêceeë peeleë ~ ®e#eesë ®e#eg<eë

mekeÀeMeelmet³e&ë Depee³ele ~ Jee³egë ÒeeCe½e Þees$eelkeÀCee&opee³ele ~ cegKeeoefivejpee³ele ~~12~~

$e³eesoMeer

veeY³ee Deemeerovleefj#e*d Meer<eex Ðeewë meceJele&le ~

HeÓd³eeb Yetefceefo&Meë Þees$eeÊeLee ueeskeÀeB Mee DekeÀuHe³eved ~~13~~

DeJeì Yee<³e :- veeY³ee Deemeerled ~ veeY³eeë Deemeerled Devleefj#eced Meer<Ce&ë Oeewë meced DeJele&le ~ HeVÐeeced Yetefceë

efoMeë Þees$eeled leLe ueeskeÀeved DekeÀuHe³eved ~ lem³ewJebefJeOem³e Heg©<em³e ³ee veeefYeë leosJeevleefj#eb veYeë ~ ³ee Ðeewë

leled Meer<e¥ efMejë ~ meceJele&leesefle keÀefuHeleced ~ Heeoew YetefcejsJe ~ Þees$es ÞeJeCeew efoMeë ~ Þees$eeJe³eJeeë ³emceeefÎMeë

ye´ïeCees peeleeë leLewJe meJee&ved ueeskeÀeved Heg©<em³eeJe³eJeYetleeved DekeÀuHe³eefoefle ~~13~~

cenerOejYee<³e :- ³eLee ÒepeeHelesce&veëÒeYe=le³e½evêeoervekeÀuHe³eved leLee vleefj#eeefoueeskeÀeefvel³een veeY³eesefle ~

ÒepeeHelesë veeYesë mekeÀeMeled Devleefj#eceemeerled ~ Meer<Ce&ë efMejmeë Ðeewë mJeie&ë meceJele&leeslHeVee ~ Dem³e HeYÐeeb

HeeoeY³eeb Yetefce©lHeVee ~ Þees$eeefÎMeë GlHeVeeë ~ leLee lesveeskeÌlesve efJeefOevee ueeskeÀevYetjeoerved ÒepeeHelesë

mekeÀeMeeokeÀuHe³eved keÀefuHeleJevleë ~ HeÀueeoeveeslmegkeÀeë keÀeuee Fefle Mes<eë ~~13~~

®elego&Meer

³elHeg©<esCe nefJe<ee osJee ³e%ecelevJele ~

Jemevleesçm³eemeeroep³eb ûeer<ce FOceë Mej×efJeë ~~14~~


GJeì Yee<³e :- ³elHeg©<esCe ~ ³eled Heg©<esCe nefJe<ee osJeeë ³e%eced DelevJele ~ Jemevleë Dem³e Deemeerled Deep³eced

ûeer<ceë FOceë Mejled nefJeë ~ keÀLeceVesveeefOejesnefle ~ ³eled ³emceelkeÀejCeeled Heg©<esCe nefJe<ee nefJeYet&lesve osJee

Fvêeo³eë ³eLee ³e%eced DelevJele efJemleeefjleJevleë ~ leLee ³eesefieveesçefHe Heg©<esCewJeece=leYetlesve oerefHelesveelcevee

Deelce³e%eb meceefOeke=ÀleJevleë ~ De$e ³e%es Jemevleë De-ep³eceemeerled ûeer<ceë FOceë Mej×efJeefjefle ~ Flej³eeies

JemevleMeyosve meeeflJekeÀes iegCe G®³eles ~ ûeer<ceMeyosve jepemeë ~ Mej®íyosve leecemeë ~ $e³ees efn

iegCeemle$eelce³e%es ³eesefieves peg»leerefle ~~14~~

cenerOej Yee<³e :- ³eled ³eoe YetJeexkeÌle¬eÀcesCe osJeMejerjs<eg melceg osJeeë GÊejme=efäefmeOÐeLex

yeeïeêJ³em³eeveglHe3VelJesve Heg©<emJeªHecesJe cevemee nefJeädJesve mebkeÀuH³e Heg©<esCe Heg©<eeK³esve nefJe<ee ceevemeb

³e%ecelevJeleeleefve<ele leoeveercem³e ³e%em³e Jemevleë $eÝlegjsJeep³eceemeerled ~ Deep³elJesve mebkeÀefuHeleJevle Fle³eLe&ë ~

SJeb ûeer<ceë FOceë Deemeerled ~ ûeer<cecesJesOcelJesve mebkeÀefuHeleJevleë ~ leLee Mejled nefJeë Deemeerled ~ MejocesJe

Hegjes[eMeeefonefJeädJesve mebkeÀefuHeleJevleë ~ HetJe& Heg©<em³e nefJeë meeceev³eªHeleJesve mebkeÀuHeë Devevlejb

Jemevleeoerveeceep³eeefoefJeMes<eªHelJesve mebkeÀuHe Fefle êäJ³eced ~ (1) leleë lemceeÐe%eeefoefle (6) efleñeë

¬eÀcesCewJe ~ leleë meHleem³eemeefVeefle (15) ¬eÀceesçHesef#eleë ~~14~~

HeáeoMeer

meHleem³eemevHeefjOe³eefñeëmeHle meefceOeë ke=Àleeë ~

osJee ³eÐe%eb levJeevee DeyeOe´vHeg©<eb HeMegced ~~15~~

DeJeì Yee<³e :- meHleem³eemeved ~ meHle Dem³e Deemeved HeefjOe³eë ef$eëmeHle meefceOeë ke=Àleeë ~ osJeeë ³eled ³e%eced

levJeeveeë DeyeOe´ved Heg©<eced HeMegced ~ osJee Fvêeo³eë ³eLee ³e%eb Heg©<ecesOeeK³eb efJemleej³evleë Heg©<eb HeMegced DeyeOe´ved

nveJevleë Dem³e Heg©<ecesOe³e%em³e meHle mecegêeë HeefjOe³eë Deemeved ~ Yeejles efn Je<ex ³eeieë ÒeJele&ves ~ ef$eëmeHle

ívoebefme iee³e$³eeoerefve meefceOeë ke=Àleeë Deelce³eeies HeefjefOeMeyosve He=efLeJ³eeHemlespeesJee³egjekeÀeMeb ceveesyegef×efjl³esles

HeefjOe³eë keÀuH³evles ~ ef$eëmeHle meefceOeë ~ HeáeceneYetleeefve He=efLeJ³eeoerefve ~ Heáelevcee$eeefCe ªHeeoerefve ~ Heáe

yeg×erefvê³eeefCe ÞesVeeoerve ~ Heáe keÀceXefvê³eeefCe HeeC³eeoerefve ceve½e Sleeë ef$eëmeHele meefceOeë keÀuHe³eefvle ~ leLee

osJee oerH³eceevee %eevesve ³eesefieveë meceeO³eeK³eb ³e%eb levJeevee efJemleej³evleë ~ Heg©<eb %eeveb

Heg©<ecesOeHeMegªHesCeeJeefmLeleced DeyeOe´ved Deie=Úved ~~15~~

cenerOej Yee<³e :- ³eled ³eoe osJeeë ÒepeeHeefleÒeeCesefvê³eªHeeë ³e%eb levJeeveeë ceevemeb ³e%eb kegÀJee&Cee~ Heg©<eb

HeMegceyeOe´ved efJejeìdHeg©<ecesJe HeMeglJesve YeeefJeleJevleë ~ SleosJeeefYeÒesl³e HetJex (14) Heg©<esCe nefJe<esl³egkeÌleced ~


leoe mebkeÀefuHelem³e ³e%em³e meHle iee³e$³eeoerefve ívoebefme HeefjOe³e~ Deemeved SsefäkeÀm³eenJeveer³em³e $e³e~ HeefjOe³e

DeewÊejJesefokeÀeë $e³eë Deeefol³eë meHleceë HeefjefOeë ÒeefleefveefOe©Heë leLee ®e Þegefleë `iegHl³ew Jee DeefYeleë HeefjOe³ees

YeJevl³eLewlelmet³e&cesJe HegjmleeêesHleejb keÀjesefle` Fefle ~ lele Sles Deeefol³emeefnleeë meHle HeefjOe³ees$e

meHle®ívoesªHeeë ~ ef$eëmeHle ef$eiegCeeë meHele SkeÀefJeMeeflemebK³eekeÀeë meefceOeë ke=Àleeë `ÜeoMe ceemeeë

Heáele&Jeñe³e Fces ueeskeÀe DemeeJeeefol³eë` Sles SkeÀefJebMeeflejskeÀefJebMeefleoe©³egkeÌlesOcelJesve YeeefJeleeë ~ ³eÜe meHle

mecegêeë #eerjesoeo³eesçm³e ³e%em³e HeefjOe³eë Deemeved ~ YeejleKeC[s ³eeiee YeJevleerefle mecegêeCeeb HeefjefOelJeced ~ ef$eë

ef$eiegCee~ meHle OevoesJeiee&ë meefceOeë ke=Àleeë iee³e_³eeoerefve meHle Deeflepeiel³eeoerefve meHle ke=Àl³eeoerefve

meHlesefle ~~15~~

<ees[Meer

³e%esve ³e%ece³epevle osJeemleeefve Oeceee|Ce ÒeLeceev³eemeved ~

les n veekebÀ ceefnceeveë me®evle ³e$e HetJex meeO³eeë meefvle osJeeë ~~16~~

DeJeìYee<³e :- ³e%esve ³e%eced ~ ³e%esve ³e%eced De³epevle osJeeë leeefve Oecee&efCe ÒeLeceeefve Deemeved ~ les n veekeÀced

ceefnceeveë me®evle ³e$e HetJex meeO³eeë meefvele osJeeë ~ ³eLee Fvêeo³ees osJeeë ³e%esve p³eesefleäesceeK³esve ³e%eHeg©<eb

JeemegosJeced efJeefOevee De³epevle ~ ³eleë leeefve ³epeveªHeeefCe Oecee&efCe ÒeLeceeefve Deemeved les n ceneYeei³e³egkeÌleeë veekebÀ

me®evle mJeie¥ mesJevles ~ ³e$e HetJex meeO³eeë ÒeLeces megjeë meefvle efJeÐevles osJeeë lespemee osoerH³eceeveeë ~ SJeb

³eesefieveesçefHe oerHeveeÎsJee ³e%esve meceeefOevee veeje³eCeeK³eb %eeveªHeced De³epevle ~ ³eleë leeefve meceeefOeªHeeefCe

Oecee&efCe ÒeLeceev³eemeved les leg veekebÀ mevekeÀeoerveeb mLeeveb ie®íefvle ~ ³es leg ³eesefievees cenefceeveë pevceevlejwefve&Oet&leiegCeeë

Meg×eë les veeje³eCeeK³eb Heg©<eceeefJeMeefvle ~ cegefkeÌleb ie®ívleerl³eLe& ~ ~~16~~

cenerOej Yee<³e :- HetJe&ÒeHeáeveeskeÌleceLe¥ mebef#eH³een ~ osJeeë ÒepeeHeefleÒeeCeªHee ³e%esve ³eLeeskeÌlesve ceevemesve

mebkeÀuHesve ³e%esve ³e%eb ³e%emJeªHeb ÒepeeHeeflece³epevle HetefpeleJevleë ~ lemceelHetpeveeled leeefve Òeefme×eefve Oecee&efCe

peieêtHeefJekeÀejeCeeb OeejkeÀeefCe ÒeLeceeefve cegK³eeefve Yetleeefve Deemeved ~ SleeJelee me=efäÒeefleHeeokeÀmetkeÌleYeeieeLe&

GkeÌleë ~ DeLeesHeemevelelHeÀueevegJeeokeÀYeeieeLe&ë mebie=¿eles ~ ³e$e ³eefmceefvJejeìdÒeeefHleªHes veekesÀ HetJex meeO³eeë

Hegjeleveeë efJeje[gHeeefOemeeOekeÀeë osJeeë meefvle efleäefvle leb veekebÀ efJejeìdÒeeefHleªHeb mJeie¥ n SJe les ceefnceeveë

leogHeemekeÀe cenelceeveë me®evle me®evles meceJe³eefvle ÒeeHlegJeefvle ~ De[YeeJe Dee<e&ë ~ me=äsë ÒeJeenefvel³eleeb

OeMe&³eefle ~ leogkeÌleced `met³ee&®evêcemeew Oeelee ³eLeeHetJe&cekeÀuHe³eled` Fefle ~~16~~


UNIT IV: ATHARVA VEDA: RASTRABHIVARDHANAM SUKTA & KALA SUKTA


4.2. TEXT: Rastrabhivardhanam.

4.2. a - Introduction.

4.2. b – Mantra-vyakhya.

(06 Mantras with Notes & Explanation).

4.3. TEXT: Kaala.

4.3. a. - Introduction.

4.3. b. – Mantra-vyakhya.

(10 Mantras with Notes & Explanation).

4.4. Model Question:

4.5. Further Reading:



Vision of the Vedic Seers about the well-being of a Kingdom.

Concern of the Atharvaveda in relation to the growth of both the ruler and

the subjects.

Concept of Time and its Analysis in Atharvaveda.

4.2. TEXT: RASTRABHIVARDHANAM. (1ST KANDA, 29th SUKTA.)

A- INTRODUCTION:

In the 1st kanda of the Atharva Veda there are 6 Anuvakas and 35 Suktas, in

total. This is the 1st Sukta of the 6th Anuvaka. There are 6 hymns in this sukta.

The first four mantras of this sukta speak about the procedures to be followed for

the betterment of the kingdom, if, oppressed by the enemy.

The Cakranemimani is to be made and tied after invoking with prayers. The

center or the Nabhi, made of gold, is coated with iron, lead, silver and copper.

Then, it is to be kept in a pot filled with curd and honey for Three days,


continuously, from the Thirteenth day. Thereafter, it is placed on the pious grass.

Along with performing the sacrifice, it is tied on the body uttering the mantras

from ‘abhivartena’ sukta.

These prayers are invoked to ‘Brahmanaspati’ for the over-all growth of the

kingdom. Typical to Atharva Veda, mention of a miraculous amulet (मषण) is

found here, which gives protection and prosperity to the state. Being tied on the

chariot, it moves in a circular motion to give power and prowess. Indra used it

for his success and sovereignty. Since then it is moving to bestow kingly

prowess. From the 2nd hymn onwards, the over-powering gem has been invoked

and requested to help in getting destroyed the enemies and rivals. The mani can

move above the Sun to protect the worshippers, who wish to be both ‘असपतनः’ and

‘सपतनSहा’. The invoker wants to reign over the powerful fighters as well as the

subjects of his kingdom.


सा.भा. – षषठ अनरवाक सपत सकतातन । तर “अभीरवतन” इतत पररथम सकतम । असय आदयाशभशचतसशभरण गभः िरमरदणतराषटराशभरवदधय ररथचकरनशममणर सकतोकतलकषर कतरवा सपातय अशभमनतय ‘उदसौ सयणः’ (1.29.5,6) इतत उततमाभया बधनीयात । तरथा च कौशिकः । ‘अभीरवतनतत ररथनशममणरम अयःसीसलोहरजततामररववित हमनाशभ रवाशसत बधनातत सरोत बरहणवष कतरवा सपातरवनतत परतयचम अभीरवतोततमाभयाम आचततत’ इतत ( कौ.2.7.)

‘माहनती राजयकामसय अदभतोतपवततवरवकारष च’ इतत (न.क.17) वरवरहताया माहनतरया महािानततौ ररथनशममणरबनतधन एतत सकतम। तरथा च नकषरकप। ‘अभीरवतनतत ररथनशममणर माहनतरयाम’ इतत (न.क.18.) ।।

4.2. (B) MANTRAS


सा.भा. – षषठ अनरवाक सपत सकतातन । तर “अभीरवतन” इतत पररथम सकतम । असय आदयाशभशचतसशभरण गभः िरमरदणतराषटराशभरवदधय ररथचकरनशममणर सकतोकतलकषर कतरवा सपातय अशभमनतय ‘उदसौ सयणः’ (1.29.5,6) इतत उततमाभया बधनीयात । तरथा च कौशिकः । ‘अभीरवतनतत ररथनशममणरम अयःसीसलोहरजततामररववित हमनाशभ रवाशसत बधनातत सरोत बरहणवष कतरवा सपातरवनतत परतयचम अभीरवतोततमाभयाम आचततत’ इतत ( कौ.2.7.)


‘माहनती राजयकामसय अदभतोतपवततवरवकारष च’ इतत (न.क.17) वरवरहताया माहनतरया महािानततौ ररथनशममणरबनतधन एतत सकतम। तरथा च नकषरकप। ‘अभीरवतनतत ररथनशममणर माहनतरयाम’ इतत (न.क.18.) ।।

Mantra 1

meb. Hee. -

DeYeerJelexve ceefCevee ³esvesvoesve DeefYeJeeJe=Oes~

lesveem³eevJe´ïeCemHelesefYe jeäê³e JeOe&³es~~1~~

He.Hee. -

DeefYeçJelexve ~ ceefCevee ~ ³esve ~ Fvês: ~ DeefYeçJe®eOes ~~

lesve ~ Demceeved ~ yeńdæ{: ~ Heles ~ DeefYe ~ jeäê³e ~ JeOe&³e~~1~~

MeyoeLe& - DeYeerJelexve - ®eejeW lejHeÀ DeÒeeflenle ieefle mes Ietceves, ceefCevee - ceefCe mes, ³esve - efpememes, Fvê: - Fvê,

DeefYeJeeJe=Oes - meËo³e, lesve - Gmemes, Demceeved - nce ueesieeW keÀes, ye´ïeCemHeles - ns ....., jeäê³e - jeä^ keÀer mece=ef×

kesÀ efueS, DeefYe JeOe&³e - mece=× keÀjes~

mee. Yee. -³esve mece=ef×meeOevelJesve Òeefme×sve DeYeerJelexve~ DeefYelees Jele&les ®e¬eÀced Devesvesefle DeefYeJeleex vesefYe:~ Je=leg Jele&ves~

Demceeled ’DekeÀle&efj ®e keÀejkesÀ meb%ee³eeced“ (Hee.met. 3.3.16) Fefle keÀjCes He_ed~ GHemeie&m³e Ie_³eceveg<³es yengueced

(Hee.met. 6.3.122) Fefle oerIe&:~ LeLeIe_keÌleepe%eef$ekeÀeCeeced (Hee.met. 6.2.144) Fefle GÊejHeoevleesoeÊelJeced~

De$e keÀe³ex keÀejCeMeyo:~ ®e¬eÀvesefceefveefce&lees ceefCe:~ ³eÜe DeefYele: meJe&le: Hejjeäêoew DeÒeeflenleieefle Jele&les Heg©<e Fefle

DeYeesJeeJe=Oes - DeefYele: meJe&le: ÒeJe=×esçYegled~ Hejcewée³eexHesleefKeueeskeÀerHeefleye&YetJesl³eLe&:~ Je=Oeg Je=×ew~ Demceeled efueefì

legpeeoerveeb oerIeexçY³eemem³e (Hee.met. 6.1.7) Fl³eYeemem³e oerIe&:~ Òel³e³emJejsCe DevleesoeÊel³eced~ ³eodJe=ÊeeefVel³eced

(Hee.met. 8.1.66) Fefle efveIeeleÒeefle<esOe:~ ns ye´ïeCemHeles JesojeMesjefOeHeles ...HeefleHeg$e (Hee.met. 8.3.53) Fefle

efJemepe&veer³em³e melJeced~ megJeeceeqv$eles Heje²Jeled mJejs (Hee.met.2.1.2) Fefle <eÿîevlem³e Heje²JeÓeJeeled

<eÿîeeceeqv$elemecegoe³em³e Deeceeqv$elem³e ®e (Hee.met. 8.1.18) Fefle DeDeäefcekebÀ meJee&vegoelelelJeced~ Slelme%ekeÀ osJe

lesve YeeieefoefjleceefnceesHeslesve ceefCevee Demceeled Me$egefYe: Heeref[leeved jeäê³e~ leeoL³ex ®elegLeea~ mJejeäêefYeJe=×îeLe&ced

keÀefjlegjieOeveeefoefYe: mece=×eved kegÀ©~ lJelÒemeeoeled mece=×sjmceeYeer jef#eleb jeä^b Me$egYe³ejefnleb ³eLee DeefYeJe=×b YeJeefle

leLee kegÀ© Fl³eLe&:~~


efnvoer DevegJeeo -®eejeW lejHeÀ (DeÒeeflenle ieefle mes) IetcevesJeeueer efpememes Fvê Je[e ngDee nw, ye´ïeCemHeefle, Gme

(ceefCe) mes nceueesiees keÀes jeä^ (keÀer mece=ef×) kesÀ efue³es Je{eDees~

English Trans.-With the all conquering ampoul (mani), with which

the sick patient (Indra) gains strength, O Lord of Sciences

(knowledge), may you strengthen us for the sake of our nation.

Note -DeYeerJelexve - uå with DeefYe to go towards. Sayana takes it to mean

‘rim’ DeefYelees Jele&les ®e¬eÀced Devesvesefle DeceerJeleex vesefYe:.He also proposes an alternative

explanation -Deefcele: meJe&le: Hejjeäeoew DeÒeeflenleieefle JeÊe&les Devesve Heg©<e Fefle DeYeerJeleex ceefCe:.Second

syllable is lengthed (Ath,prat. III.12; GHemeie&m³e Ieáeceveg<³es yengueced - Päë. VI

3.122). Compounds having in Ie_ed etc. as second member, accent the

final syllable or the second member (LeeLeIe_keÌleepeye$ekeÀeCeeced- Päë. VI.2.144)

DeefYeJeeJe=Oes - DeefYe + uådh ‘to grow’. perf. 3rd. sing.; not unaccent because

preceded by ³esve (³eod Je=Êeeefvlel³eced -Päë., VIII.1.66); reduplicated by syllable

is lengthened (legpoerveeb oerIeexçY³eemem³e - Päë. VI.1.7). ÅV. (X.174.1) has DeefYeJeeJe=Êes

instead of DeefYeJeeJe=Oes. ceefCevee - ÅV. readsnefJe<ee for ceefCevee ye´ïeCemHeles -For accent see

ogefnleefo&Je: (ÅV.I.48.1).

meb. Hee. -

DeefYeJe=l³e meHelveeveefYe ³ee vees Dejele³e:.

DeefYe He=lev³evleb efleÿeefYe ³ees vees ogjm³eefle~~2~~

He.Hee. -

DeefYeçJe=l³e ~ meçHelveeved ~ DeefYe ~ ³ee: ~ ve: ~ Dejele³e:~

DeefYe ~ He=lev³evleced ~ efleÿ ~ DeefYe ~ ³ee: ~ ve: ~ ogjm³eefle ~~2~~

MeyoeLe& -DeefYeJe=l³e - ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes Iesj keÀj, meHelveeved - ÒeefleHeef#e³eeW keÀes, DeefYe - ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes (Iesj keÀj),

³ee: - pees, vej: - nceejs, Dejele³e: - keÀceer oeve ve osvesJeeueeW keÀes, DeefYe - ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes (Iesj keÀj), He=lev³evleced -


³eg× keÀer F®íe keÀjvesJeeues keÀes, DeefYeefleÿ -Hejeefpele keÀjes, DeefYe - Hejeefpele keÀjes, ³e: - pees, ve: - ncekeÀes,

ogjm³eefle - ogJ³e&Jenej keÀjlee nw~

mee. Yee. -ns DeefYeJeÊe& ceves lJeb meHelveeved ~ meHelveerJe meHelvee menpeMe$eJe:~ Demceoer³eebmleeved Me$egved DeefYeJe=l³e

DeefYecegKeb He³ee&Je=l³e efleÿsefle - Je#³eceeCeef¬eÀ³ee De$eeefHe mecyeO³eles lJecesJe ÒeefleHe#eer YetlJee leevkegÀ© Fl³eLe&:~ leLee ³ee:

ve: DemceekeÀced Dejele³e: Deoeleej: Demceoer³eb jeä^OeveeefokeÀced DeHeËl³e Mee$eJeb kegÀJee&Cee Jee¿ee: Me$eJe: leeveefHe~

DeefYeFl³egHemeie&ÞeJeCeeled efleÿefle mebyevOe:~ DeefYecegKeb efleÿ~ leLee He=lev³evleced ³eg×eLe& He=leveeb -mesveeced Deelceve

F®ívleced~ He=leveeMeyoeled megHe Deelceve: keÌ³e®ed (Hee.met.3.1.8) Fefle keÌ³e®ed~ keÀJ³eOJejHe=levem³eef®e& ueesHe:

(Hee.met.7.4.36)~ Fl³eekeÀjueesHe:~ ³eg×esvecedgKeceefHe Me$egved DeefYeefleÿ~ leLee ³e: Me$eg: ve: DemceekebÀ ogjm³eefle

ogäced DeefYe®eejeefoªHe #egêb keÀce& keÀÊeg&ced F®íefle ~ ogjm³egê&efJeCem³egJe=&<ev³eefle efj<eC³eefle~ leLeeefJeOeceefHe Me$egced

DeefYeefleÿ~ MeeqHleHees: efHeÊJeeod DevegoeÊelJes keÌ³e®mJejsCe ceO³eesoeÊced~ ³eÜ=ÊeefVe³eced (Hee.met.8.1.66) Fefle

efveIeeleÒeefle<esOe:~~

efnvoer DevegJeeo -efJeHeef#e³eeW keÀes ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes Iesj keÀj, pees ncekeÀes veneR osvesJeeues nw (GvekeÀes Yeer IesjkeÀj) leLee pees

ncemes) ³eg× keÀer F®íe keÀjves Jeeues nw( GvekeÀes Yeer Iesj keÀj) Hejeefpele keÀjes, pees ncemes ogJ³eJenej keÀjlee nw (GmekeÀes

Yeer Hejeefpele keÀjes)~

English Trans.Conquering our rivals, conquering those enemies

who do not pay our dues, and conquering those who invade us,

may you defeat him who reviles us.

Notes -DeefYeJe=l³e - Gerund in ³e from DeefYe + uå to turn +u³eHed; Sayana takes it

here to mean DeefYecegKeb He³ee&Je=l³e, but in the Rgveda (X.174.2) he

understands it as Deefcelees ieceef³elJe; Whitney takes it to mean ‘rolling-over’.

He=lev³evleced - Him who desire to gight; derived from the stem He=levee with the

suffix keÌJe®ed (³e) causing the final.


meb.Hee. -

DeefYe lJe osJe: meefJeleeefYe meescees DeJeerJe=Oeled~

DeefYe lJee efJeéee Yetleev³eefYeJeelees ³eLeemeefme~~3~~

He.Hee. -

DeefYe ~ lJe ~ osJe: meefJelee ~ DeefYe ~ meesce: ~ DeJeerJe=Oeled ~

DeefYe ~ lJee ~ efJeéee ~ Yetleeefve ~ DeefYeçJele&: ~ ³eLee ~ Demeefme~~3~~

MeyoeLe& -lJee - legcekeÀes, osJe: - osJe, meefJelee - meefJele, meesce: - meesce, DeefYe DeJeerJe=Oeled - ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes mece=×

efkeÀ³ee nw, DeefYe - ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes (mece=× efkeÀ³ee nw), lJee - legcekeÀes, efJeéee - mecHetCe&, Yetleeefve - ÒeeefCe³eeW ves,

DeYeerJe³e&: - ®eejeW lejHeÀ OetcevesJeeues, ³eLee - efpememes, Demeefme - ³eves ³enes~

mee. Yee. -ns ceves lJee lJeeb osJe: ÐeesleveelcekeÀ: meefJelee meJe&m³e ÒeeefCepeelem³e ÒesjkeÀ: Slelmeb%ekeÀes osJe:~ DeefYe

Fl³egHemeie&ÞeJeCeeod DeJeerJe=Oeled Fefle ef¬eÀ³ee De$eeefHe mebJeO³eles~ DeY³eJeerJe=Jeled - DeefYele: mece=×ced DekeÀe<eealed~ Je=Oeg

Je=×ew~ Demceeled C³evleeled ue=*ef* ®eef[ iegCes ÒeeHles efvel³eb ívoefme (Hee.met. 7.4.8) Fefle GHeIe$eÝJeCe&m³e

$eÝkeÀejeosMe:~ leLee meescees osJe: Dey³eJeerJe=<eled~ J³eJeefnlee½e (Hee.Met.1.4.82) Fefle GHemeie&m³e J³eJeefnleÒe³eesie:~

leLee ns ceCes lJee lJee efJeéee -efJeéeeefve, efveefKeueeefve~ MesMíveoefmeyengueced (Hee.met.6.1.70) Fefle MesueexHe:~

Yeerleeefve YeJeefvle meÊee ueYevle Fefle Yetleeefve ®eje®ejelcekeÀeefve~ keÌleesçefOekeÀjves ®e Oe´esJ³eieefleÒel³eJemeeveeLe&YeDeeîe:

(Hee.met.3.4.74) Fefle YeJeles: keÀLe7efj keÌle Ò³e&³e:~ GHemeie&ÞeJeCeeod De$eeefHe Òeke=Àleef¬eÀ³eemebyevOe:~

DeY³eJeerJe=Oeled~ DeefYeJeOe&vee efJeef<eied Deen ³eLee ³esve ÒekeÀejsCe ns ceCes lJeced DeefYeJele&: lJe×ejef³eleg: Heg©<em³e DeefYele:

mJejeä^Hejjeä^oew Jele&vemeeOeveYetle: Demeefme YeJeefme leLee lJeeced DeJeerJe=Oeled Fefle HetJexCe mebJevOe:. DemeYegefJe~ yengueb

ívoefme (Hee.met.2.4.73) Fefle MeHees uegieYeeJe:~ ³eeJeÐeLeeY³eeced (Hee.met.8.1.36) Fefle efveIeeleÒeefle<esOe:~~

efnvoer DevegJeeo -meefJele= osJe ves legcekeÀes ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes mece=× efkeÀ³ee nw, meesce ves legcekeÀes ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes mece=× efkeÀ³ee

nw, mecHeCe& ÒeeefCe³eeW ves legcekeÀes ®eejeW lejHeÀ mes mece=× efkeÀ³ee ns, leeefkeÀ legce ®eejeW lejHeÀ IetcevesJeeues Jeves jnes~

English Trans.-The Divene Creator Lord has strengthened you and

so has the Blissfull Lord. All the elements have strengthened you so

that you have become all conquering.


Notes - DeJeerJe=Oeled - udh ‘to grow’, red-aorist, 3rd. sing. ÅV. readsDeJe=Je=leled

for Demeefme - as ‘to be’ pres. subju.2nd sing; not unaccented because

preceded by ³eLee (³eeJeLeeLeeY³eeced -Päë. VIII.1.36)

meb. Hee. -

DeefYeJeleex DeefYeYeJe: meHelve#e³eCees ceefCe:~

jeäê³e ce¿eb yeO³eleeb meHelvesY³e: HejeYegJes~~4~~

He.Hee. -

DeefYeçJele&: ~ DeefYeçYeJe: ~ meHelveç#e³eCe: ~ ceefCe:~

jeäê³e ~ ce¿eced ~ JeO³eeleeced ~ meçHelvesY³e: ~ HejeçYegJes~~4~~

MeyoeLe& -DeefYeJele&: - JeejeW lejHeÀ IetcevesJeeueer, DeYeYeJe: -Hejeefpele keÀjvesJeeueer, meHelve#e³eCe: - efJeHeef#e³eeW keÀe

mebnej keÀjvesJeeueer, ceefCe: - ceefCe, jeäê³e - jeä^ keÀer mece=ef× kesÀ efue³es, ce¿eced - cesjs ceW, yeO³eleeced - IeIes,

meHelvesY³e: - efJeHeeqkeÌn³eeW keÀes, HejeYegJes - Hejeefpele keÀjves kesÀ efue³es~

mee.Yee. -DeefYeJele: - DeefYeJele&vemeeOevemetle:~ le$e nslegced Deen - DeefYeYeJe: Me$egCeeced DeefYeYeefJelee~ DeefYeYeJeveb

efJeefMeveefä - meHelve#e³eCe: He meHelveeveeb Yeéle=J³eeJ³eeCeeb #e³ekeÀj:~ ³ele SJeced Dele: DeefYeJele& Fl³eLe&: lee¢MeesceefCe:

ce¿eced~ cece yeO³eleeced~ yevOe yevOeves~ keÀce&efCe ueesìd~ ceefCeyevOeveÒe³eespeveced een - jeäê³e jeäêefYeJe=×³es~ le³ee

meHelvesY³e:~ HetJe&Jeled~ <eÿîeLe& ®elegLeea~ Yeéle=J³eeCeeb HejeYegJes HejeYeJevee³e HejeHetJee&od YeJeles: mebHeoeefoue#eCees YeeJes

eqkeÌJeHed~ yeO³eceeveesç³eb ceefCe: HetJe¥ Me$egefYe: Heeref[lem³e mJejeä^m³e DeefYeJe=ef×b JeeOekeÀeveeb Me$egCeeb veeMeveb ®e keÀjesleg

Fl³eLe&:~~

efnvoer DevegJeeo -®eejeWlejHeÀ IetcevesJeeueer, Hejeefpele keÀjvesJeeueer leLee efJeHeef#e³eeW keÀe mebnej keÀjvesJeeueer ceefCe, jeä^

(keÀer mece=ef×) kesÀ efue³es leLee efJeHeef#e³eeW keÀes Hejeefpele keÀjves kesÀ efue³es cesjs ceW JebOes~

English Trans. -All conquering, all-subduing and the destoryer of

rivals, let this music (of mine) be injected with the fluid from and

ampoule. These vaccines are in our nations interest. They are the

cures against epidemic disasters.


Notes - JeO³eleeced - bandh ‘to bind’ passive, impv. 3rd. sing HejeYegJes - From

bhü with prefix Heje ‘to perish’, dative infinitive in S.

meb.Hee. -

Gomeew met³eez Deieeogefoob ceecekebÀ Je®e:~

³eLeenb Me$egnesmeev³emeHe#e: meHelvene~~5~~

He.Hee. -

Gled ~ Demeew~ met³e&: ~ Deieeled ~ Gled ~ Foced ~ ceecekeÀced ~ Je®e:~~

³elee ~ Denced ~ Me$egçn: ~ Demeeefve ~ DemeHelve: ~ meHelveçne ~~5~~

MeyoeLe& -Demeer - ³en, met³e&: - met³e&, Gled Deieeled - THej ie³ee nw, Gled - THej, Foced - ³en, ceecekeÀced - cesje, Je®e:

- ceve´, ³eLee - efpeme ÒekeÀej, Denced - ceW, Me$egn: - Me$eg keÀes ceejvesJeeuee, Demeeefve - nesTB, DemeHelve: - efJevee

ÒeefleHe#eer keÀe, meHelvene - ÒeefleÜvoer keÀes ceejvesJeeuee~

mee.Yee. -Demeew veYees ceC[ues Heefj¢M³eceeve: met³e&: meJe&m³e ÒeeCeerpeelem³e ÒesjkeÀes osJe:~ jepemet³emet³e&

(e.met.3.1.114) Fl³eeefovee keÌ³eefHe efveHeel³eles~ Goieeled GefoleJeeved FCed ieleew~ FCees iee uegef* (Hee.met.2.4.45)

Fefle ieeosMe:~ ieeeflemLee (Hee.met.2.4.77) Fefle efme®ees uegkedÀ~ efkebÀ®e ceecekeÀced ceoer³eced Foced DeOegvees®®ee³e&ceeCeb

Je®e: Deelcevees pe³eeMebmeelcekebÀ Me$etCeeced DeefYeYeJeÒeefleHeeokebÀ ®e JeekeÌ³eced~ ³eÜe pe³eesÎsMesve Òe³egp³eceeveb cev$eelcekebÀ

JeekeÌ³eced~ Gled Fefle GHemeie&ÞeJeCeeled Òeke=Àleef¬eÀ³eemebyevOe:~ Goieeled ~ ceecekeÀced Fefle ~ Demce®íyoeled lem³esoced

(Hee.met. 4.3.120) Fle³eCed~ leJekeÀcecekeÀeJeskeÀJe®eves (Hee.met.4.3.3.) Fl³emceoes cecekeÀeosMe:~ met³e¥efo³em³e

JeeiJ³eJenejm³e ®e Òeefmeefoleb melJesçefHe efJeMes<elemlelkeÀLevem³e Òe³eespeveced Deen - Denced DeefYeJele&ceefCeOeejkeÀ: ³eLee ³esve

ÒekeÀejsCe (Me$egn: Me$egCeeb nvlee Demeeefve-YeeJeefve~ nve efnbmeeiel³ees:~ DeeefMeef<e nve: (Hee.met~ 3.2.46) Fefle

[Òel³e³e:~ Demlesueexefì Dee[gÊecem³e efHe®®e (Hee.met.3.4.82) Fefle Dee[eiecee~ ³eeyeÐesLeeY³eeced

(Hee.met.8.1.36) Fefle efveIeeleÒeefle<esOe:~ efceefHe efHelJeeod DevegoeÊJes Deeiecee DevegoeÊee: (Hee.ce. 3.1.3) Fefle

DeeìesçefHe DevegoelelJes OeelegmJejsCe DeeÐeoeÊelJeced~ ³eLee- Denced SJeb YeJeeefve lelee Goieeod Fefle HetJexCe mebyevOe:~

ceefCeÒeYeeJeeled DeÐelevemet³eexo³e: DeOegveeÒe³egp³eceeveJe®e½e Me$egnveveevegketÀueced DeYegod Fl³eLe&:~ ³ele SJeced Dele: Denced

DemeHelve: Me$egjefnle SJe~ ³eefo ®e meHelvee YeJes³egmleefn& meHelvene meHelveeveeb Me$etCeeb nvlee Deeqmce~ nvles: eqkeÌJeHed ®e

(Hee.met. 3.2.73) Fefle eqkeÌJeHed~~


efnvoer DevegJeeo -³en met³e& THej ®euee ie³ee nw, cesje ³en cev$e (Yeer) THej (ie³ee nw), leeefkeÀ ceW Me$eg keÀes ceejves

Jeeuee, ÒeefleÎer-jefnle leLee ÒeefleÜefvo³eeW keÀes ceejves Jeeuee nesTB~

English Trans. -Lo, the sunhas gone uphigh and high has gone up

thisword (väcas) of mine, so that I may be slayer of enemies, slayer

of rivals, no rival would be spared from my side.

Notes - De²eled - gä ‘to go’, ‘root’-aorist, 3rd. sing. Demeeefve - as ‘to be’, pres,

subjn, 1st sing., not unaccented because preceded by ³eLee, DemeHelve: -

Having no rival i.e. without enemy; Bahuvrihi compd. accented on

the second member (vecmegY³eeced - Päë. VI.2.172).

mebHee. -

meHelve#e³eCees Ie=<eeefYejeä^es efJe<eemeefn:~

³eLeences<eeb JeerjeCeeb efJejepeeefve pevem³e ®e~~6~~

He.Hee. -

meHelveç#e³eCe:~ Je=<ee ~ DeefYeçjeä^:~ efJeçmemeefn:~~

³eLee ~ Denced ~ S<eeced ~ efJejeCeeced ~ efJeçjepeeefve ~ pevem³e ~ ®e ~~6~~

MeyoeLe& -meHelve#e³eCe: - ÒeefleÜvoer keÀes veä keÀjvesJeeuee, Je=<ee - F®íe keÀes Hetje keÀjvesJeeuee, DeefYejeä^: - DeHeves

meeceL³e& mes jeä^ keÀes HeevesJeeuee~ efJememeefn: - peerlevesJeeuee, ³eLee - efpeme ÒekeÀej, Denced - cesb, S<eeced - Fve Me$egDeeW

kesÀ, JeerjeCeeced - JeerjeW keÀe, efJejepeeefve - Meemeve keÀ©B, pevem³e - DeHeveer ÒepeeDeeW keÀe, ®e - Deewj~

mee.Yee. -GÊejJeekeÌ³es ³eLesefle ÞeJeCeeled HetJe&JeekeÌ³esçefHe DeLee&led leLesl³eO³eeefÛ³eles~ meHelve#e³eCe: meHelveeveeb Me$etCeeb

veeMekeÀ:)~ ef#e #e³es~ veefvoûeefnHe®eeefoY³e: (Hee.met.3.1.134) Fefle keÀÊe&elu³egÒel³e³e:~ Dele: Je=<ee Òepeeveeced

FäHeÀuem³e Je<e&keÀ:~ Je=<e mes®eves keÀefvev³egJe=ef<e (Hee.G.1.154) Fl³eeefovee keÀefVeÒel³e³e:~ Dele SJe DeefYejeä^:-

mJejeä^b Hejmeä^b ®e DeefYeiele: DeefOeHeeflelJesve ÒeeHle:~ Del³eeo³e: keÀevleeÐeLex efÜleer³e³ee (HeeJee. 1.4.71.2) Fefle

Òeeefomeceeme:~ Delees efJe<eemeefn: efJeefJeOeb Hegve: Hegve: Hejs<eeb mees{e DeefYeYeefJelee~ Jen DeefYeYeJes~ Demceeod ³e*vleeled


meefnJeefn®eefueHeefleY³ees ³e*dvlesY³e: efkeÀefkeÀveew JekeÌleJ³ees (HeeJee. 3.2.171.2) Fefle efkeÀÒel³e³e:~

DeleesueesHe³eueesHeew~ ceefCeOeejkeÀ: ³eLee ³esve ÒekeÀejsæ{ S<eeced Me$egmebyeefvOeveeb HetJe&ced Deelcevees JeeOekeÀeveeb JeerjeCeeced

Me$egYeìeveeb pevem³emJekeÀer³em³e HejkeÀer³em³e ÒeeefCepeelem³e ®e efJejepeeefve~ jepeeflejwée³e&keÀcee&~ efve³evlee YeJeeefve~ leLesefle

HetJexCe mebyevOe: GoerefjleiegCeesHesle: meved ceefCeÒeYeeJeeled Me$egÒeYe=leerveeb meJexneb Meeefmelee YeJeeceerefle YeeJe:~ ³eÜe

GkeÌleiegCeesHesle: meved Denb JeerjeCeeb pevem³e ®e ³eLee efJejepeeefve ns ceCes lJelÒeYeeJeeled lelee Yet³eemeced Fefle Mes<e:~~

efnvoer DevegJeeo -ÒeefleÜvoer keÀes veä keÀjvesJeeuee, (ÒepeeDeeW keÀer) F®®ee keÀes Hegje keÀjvesJeeuee, jeÔì^ keÀes meeceL³e& mes

ÒeeHle keÀjvesJeeuee leLee peerlevesJeeuee (nesTB), leeefkeÀ ceW (Me$egHe#e kesÀ) Fve JeerjeW keÀe leLee (DeHeves SJeb Heje³es) ueesieeW

keÀe MeemekeÀ Jevet~

English Trans.-May I be destroyer of rivals, full of strength,

conqueror of Nation and having sway over subjects, so that I may

rule over these heroes. (Viran) or brave sons and the people.

Notes - efJe<eemeefn: - Victorious; derived from the perfect base sash ‘to

conquer’+ F is a noun-making termination. The red. syllable is

lengthend, efJejepeeefve - efJe + raj ‘to rule over’. subju.1st. sing; not

unaccented because preceded by ³eLee~

4.3. TEXT: कालः (Kaalah)

4.3.a- Introduction:

There are 68 Suktas, in total, figured in 7 Anuvakas in the 19th Kanda. Out

of which 53rd & 54th suktas are dedicated to Kala.

In the 19th kanda of Atharva Veda there are 10 hymns in the 53rd sukta;

whereas the 54th sukta contains 5 hymns, only, all dedicated to KAALA.

The time or Kala is like a horse, which moves carrying several cakras (चकर).

Bhrgu says Time is supreme for it can create, regulate and destroy the past,

present and future. Everything sprung from the Kala gets manifested in


due course of time. The Sun makes light and the Earth emerges because of

Kala. The father, the son, the people are created as per the wish of Kala.

Praana, manas, tapas, naama, prajaa, nandanam (happiness); to the

extant, paramesthin, prajapati are the menifestations of Kala. Air (रवात)

moves, water(आप) oozes out, yajnas(यजञ) are performed, Hymns(ऋचा) are

recited, Apsaras and Gandharvas appear; all because of Kala. Kala creates

the sky and the earth. Atharvan and Angiras are also here because of Kala.

Kala overtakes everything. Kala is infinity.

The Kavi ascends the ‘chariot-like’ Kala, like a vipascita. The kavi can

traverse in the universe with the kala.

The Kala has been personified as a Primordial power. This is Cosmogonic

and Theosophic by nature.

[{Cosmogonic – षरवशवोतपषतः ।

Theosophic – अधयातमषरवदयाषरव यकम । (any of various forms of philosophical or

religious thought teaching about God and the World, based on a mystical

or intuitive insight into the divine nature.)

Primordial - परिम-जात-मौषलक-शषतः ।}]

b- Mantra-vyakhya

काणडम – 19 (अनरवाकः – 6) सतम – 53 (अषटमसतम) दरवता – कालः

कालो अशवो रवहषत सपतरषशमः सहसराकषो अजरो भरररताः ।

तमारोहषनत करवयो षरवपषितसतसय चकरा भरवनाषन षरवशवाः ।।1।।

सपत चकरान रवहषत काल ए सपतासय नाभीरमत नरवकषः ।


स इमा षरवशवा भरवनानयञजत कालः स ईयत परिमो न दरवः ।। 2।।

पणाः कमभोSषधकाल आषहतसत रव पशयामो बहधा न सनतम ।

स इमा षरवशवा भरवनाषन परतयङ काल तमाहः परम वयोमन ।।3।।

स एरव स भरवनानयाभरत स एरव स भरवनाषन पयत ।

षपता सननभरवत पि ए ा तसमाद रव नानयत परमषसत तजः ।।4।।

कालोSम षदरवमजनयत काल इमाः पषिरवीरतः ।

काल ह भत भवय चष त ह षरव षतषठत ।। 5।।

कालो भषममसजत काल तपषत सयाः ।

काल ह षरवशवा भताषन काल चकषषरवा पशयषत ।।6।।

काल मनः काल पराणः काल नाम समाषहतम ।

कालन सरवाा ननदनतयागतन परजा इमाः ।।7।।

काल तपः काल जयषठ काल बरहम समाषहतम ।

कालो ह सरवासयशवरो यः षपतासीत परजापतः ।।8।।

तनष त तन जात तद तषसमन परषतषषठतम ।

कालो ह बरहम भतरवा षबभषता परमषषठनम ।।9।।

कालः परजा असजत कालो अगर परजापषतम ।

सरवयमभः कशयपः कालात तपः कालादजायत ।।10।।

{This portion is not there in the course. It is given for reference and general

information. It will help the learners to find out the role and characteristics of

Kala, in general.}


सकतम – 54 (19.6.9)

कालादापः समभरवत कालाद बरहम तपो रदिः ।

कालनोदतत सयणः काल तन वरवित पनः ।।1।।

कालन रवातः परवत कालन पथरथरवी मही ।

दयौमणही काल आरहता ।।2।।

कालो ह भत भवय च परो अजनयत परा ।

कालादचः समभरवन यजः कालादजायत ।।3।।

कालो यि समरयददरवभयो भागमजञकषतम ।

काल गनतधरवाणपसरसः काल लोकाः परततवषठताः ।।4।।

कालSयमङथगरा दरवोSरथरवाण चाथध ततषठतः ।

इम च लोक परम च लोक पणयाशच लोकान वरवधतीशच पणयाः ।

सरवाालोकनशभगजतय बरहमरा कालः स ईयत परमो न दरवः ।।5।।

कालः – (19th Kanda/53-54 Sukta.) (19th Kanda/6th Anuvaka/8-9Sukta.)

सा. भा. – एकोनवरवि काणड सपतानरवाकाः । षषठानरवाकसय अिम नरवम च सकतदवय काल-

परततपादकतरवात कालसकतम इतयचयत । ‘कालो अशवो रवहतत’ इतत सकतदवयसय सौरवरणभशमदान आजयहोम वरवतनयोगः । अनन सकतदवयन सरवणजगतकाररभतः कालरपः परमातमा सतयत । तर पररथमतया कालोSशवातमना रपयत । अरथरवा अशविबदन आरदतय उचयत। तरथा च यासकः – ‘एको अशवो रवहतत सपतनामा । आरदतयः’। यदवा रगममिबदन चछनतदासयशभधीयनतत गाययादीतन चछनतदाशस यसय । त कालातमक सया वरवदवासः अथधगतपरमारथाणः आ रोहगनतत सयणमणडल शभतरवा उपगचछगनतत । यदवा सरवातमभारवन अथधततषठगनतत ।


कालो अशवो रवहतत सपतरगममः सहसराकषो अजरो भरररताः ।

तमारोहगनतत करवयो वरवपगशचतसतसय चकरा भरवनातन वरवशवाः ।।1।।

िबदारथणः – अशवः – अ(न) शवः(भवरवषयः) (अशत वयापनोतत भतभवरवषयदवततणमानकालरवततीतन रवसतनीतत अशवः – सायरः) रवहतत – परापयतत(सरवारोहकान अशभमत दि - सायरः), सपतरगममः – सपतसखयकाः रममयः रजजरवो यसय सः(सपतरवराणः(सयणसय) सपतगतयः(रतरवः (कालसय) सपतततणः एकक रतमाणसदवयातमकः सपतमसत रयोदिो मासः – सायरः)[Seasons6x2months+1 month=13months), सहसराकषः – सहसरलोचनः सहसर-सखयकः अकषः (न ऊ वयापतौ) - धरी- चकरधाररदारभदः(अर अजञकषिबदन रदनातन रारयशच उचयनतत, सहसरसखयाकाहोरारयकतः – सायरः), अजरः – जराररहतः तनतययरवा न जरः( नागसत जरा असय)(न जीरययणतत कषीयत)(ज-अच) (न. तत.)(सरवणदा एकरपः – सायरः) भरररताः – भरर(बह) रतस(बल, पराकरमः) परभतरवीयणः, । त – काल (ररथ), आरोहगनतत – आरोहर करवणगनतत(सरवाधीन करवणगनतत, सरवाधीनकाला भरवनततीतयरथणः – सायरः), करवयः (करानततदशिणनः) – धीमनततः वरवदवासः िातननः, वरवपगशचतः – वरवपरकि चततत थचनोतत थचनततयतत रवा(वरव + पर + थचत + गकरवप)(वरविष पमयतत) पगणडतः(अशवारोहरारवरोहरारदष किलाः अशविासतरतनषराताः - सायरः), तसय – कालाशवररथसय, चकराः – (चकराणर)(चङकरमराचचकरम इतत यासकः । तन.4.27.) ररथाङगातन, भरवनातन – (गनततवयातन सरथानातन) लोकाः, वरवशवाः- (वरवशवातन भरवनातन) बरहमाणडम ।।

भारवारथणः - काल एरव अशवः । यसय शवोभारवः न वरवदयत। कालः भतः भवरवषयः रवा न भरवतत यतः एषः पररवहमानोSगसत । परथीवया कालः सयाणनसार पररवहतत । सयणसय सपतरममयः सपतरवराणः सपतगतयः रवा सगनतत। अशवसय सपतरममयः परगरहा एरव। यरथा परगरहाः ररथसय अशवसयावप रवग तनयनतरयगनतत तरथरव लोक कालसय तनयामकः सयणः । परनतत काल-रपसय ररथसय गततः न करवल लोकष अवपत वरवशव परचलतत । तसय ररथः बरहमाणड वरवचरन अवप न जीरययणतत न च रत(बल)-हीन यातत। अनतयतत शभनतनष शभनतनष भरवनष वरवचरतः कालसय ररथाङगातन सहसरारीतत उकतम । िातननः मनन-परवणकम एतत िातरवा कालसय वयापकतरव सरवीकतय एरव तप ररथमारोहगनतत ।

English Explanation: Time is very powerful. It can rotate the entire Galaxies.

The time changes as per the planets and stars. It never stops nor deviates. It is


continuous. Knowing this the seers ride on the ‘Time Chariot’ and travers around

the Universe.

The adjectives, used in this hymn, say in a metaphor that the Time is like a

horse, which makes the chariot move. The word ASVA itself is symbolic, which

means ‘devoid of SVA’ or future. Time is ever running or flowing; so, it does not

have past or future. Even it is not static in present. His chariot has innumerable

Axes for which he never stops or slows down. In the Earth, the seven coloured

Sun is accepted as the regulator of time. It is highly charged with Energy. /1/

सपत चकरान रवहतत काल एष सपतासय नाभीरमत नतरवकषः ।

स इमा वरवशवा भरवनानतयञजत कालः स ईयत पररथमो न दरवः ।। 2।।

सा.भा. – अनया सरवतसररपकालचकर रवणयणत । तसय सरवतसरकालसय चकराणर एक रीणर पञच षट सपत दवादितत तर तर आमनायत । सपतचकराणर सपत रतन अन अनकरमर रवहतत धारयतत । असय सरवतसरसय सपत नाभीः नाभयः। नहयत नाशभः । अकषबनतधकातन मधयगचछाणर सपत रतसथधकालाः । असय अकषः तन सतत सकषमम अमतम अमररधमणकम अवरवनशवर तततरवम । सः पररवोकतसरवतसररपः पररथमः सरवणसय आरदभतो दरवः दयोतमानः तनतयिानरपः कालः परमातमा इमा इमातन नामरपातमना वयाकतातन वरवशवा वरवशवातन भरवनातन भरवनरवगनतत चराचरातमकातन जगगनतत सरवाणणर पराणरजातातन अञजत पररयन ईयत तततरवििाणयत । वयकतीकरवणन सरवन कालन अरवगचछनतनातन करवणन उतपादयन सः सयतत सहरतीतत सः। सहरशच ईयत गचछतत वयापनोतत सरवणम आरवतय रवतणत । ईयत - इर गतौ कमणणर यक परतययः । निबदः परशसदधौ ।

िबदारथणः – सपत चकरान – सपत-सखयकान चकरान, रवहतत – रवहन करोतत, कालः – कालाखय-दरवता, एषः – कालः, सपतासय – सपत+असय, नाशभः - ररथचकरसरथवपणड(चकरसय मधयािः)(नह इञ), अमत – अलौककक, न – (अवयय)(वरवकप) नदतत नौतत रवा, अकषः – चकर-कनत-सरथलम, । स कालः, इमा वरवशवा – इमातन वरवशवातन , भरवनातन – जगत, अञजत – अञजन, कालः सः – कालाखयः दरवः, ईयत – ईङ गतौ ईधातोः आतमनपदी, पररथमो – अरदवतीयः, न – अवयय वरवकप, दरवः – कालः ।


भारवारथणः – तततरविाः काल पररथम परमातमन सरवतसररपम अनभरवरवदयशमतत जानगनतत । तसय सकषमिरीर अमत-अकषरपक भरवतत । नामरपातमक चराचर जगत तसमात जायत तगसमनरव लीयत । परनतत सरवा सहरन अवप सरवय सरवणगसमन वयापय गसरथरगसतषठतत । सरवगनतयष, तषा वरवषयषरववप वयापतगसतषठन सः ददणिणः सकषमरपर थचतसरवरपातमकः रवततणत। सः सरवाणन पराणरनः पररयतत उपसहरतत च ।

English Explanation:

Kala is the first of all Gods, who moves in circular motions. Because of his non-

stop rotations the World and the Universe are created and also get destroyed in

due course of time. The seven wheels of Kala rotate around the seven center

points. Hence, the Nabhis or axis of the cakras are said as immortal, that never

ceases circulating. They are active since time immemorial and keep rotating

always. The stars, planets and the entire Galaxies come out of the Time and are

gulped by the same Time again and again, repeatedly. /2/

परणः कमभोथध काल आरहतसत रव पमयामो बहधा न सनततः । स इमा वरवशवा भरवनातन परतयङ काल तमाहः परम वयोमन ।।3।।

सा.भा. – परणः सरवणर वयापतः कमभः कमभरवत कमभः अहोरारमासतणसरवतसरारदरपः अरवगचछनतनो जनतयः कालः आ रहतः तनरहतो रवततणत । सरवणसय कायणसय सरवकाररSरवसरथानात । अर वरवदवदनभरवशरतत परमारयतत । त जनतय काल सनततः सतपरषा बहधा नानापरकारम अहोरारारदभदन पमयामो न अनभरवामः खल । अरथरवा त जनतय कालाधार परमातमान बहधा बहशभः शररवरमननतनरदधयासनः पमयामः साकषातकमणः । सनततः सपबरहमोपासका रवयम । रवनिबदौ परशसदधयरथौ । स कालः इमा इमातन पररदमयमानातन वरवशवा वरवशवातन वयापतातन भरवनातन भतजातातन परतयङ परतयञचनः अशभमखाञच नः आवयापनरवन भरवतत । त काल परम उतकि सासाररकसखदःखारददवनतदवदोषररहत वयोमन वयोमतन आकािरवगनतनलप सरवणगत वरववरवध रकषक परमाननतदपरदायक सरवसरवरप रवतणमानम आहः वरवदवासः ।

िबदारथणः – सपिम । अथध – अथधिबदः सपतमयरथाणनरवादी/ परतयङ – परतयञचतीतत । परतत + अनच + गकरवन ( पगशचमरदक पगशचमदिः पगशचमकालः) रदकदिकाल, अशभमखः ।/ वयोमगनतनतत – वयोमतन (सपा सलक इतत सपतमया लक) ।

भारवारथणः – सः कालः परणकमभ इरव सरवणदा सरवणर पररवयापतगसतषठतत । यरथा कमभ पर सतत तदभयनततर जलन परा पररवयापतञच भरवत तरथरव कालः रदरवा-रायारदक वरववरवधरपमाथशरतय


परमातमनः सरवरपतया सरवणर तनरहतः भरवतत । अतः वरवदवासः सरवोपलबधयनसार सरवसरवाशभमखयन च काल (सया रवा) पमयगनतत ।


The wise accept the Kala as per their perception. So, Kala is like a filled water-

pot. We cannot see the inside of the pitcher still we assume it to be filled

completely with water; as a full pitcher is meant to be filled with water only.

Likewise, we see the Sun and assume it to be the regulator of Kala i.e. day,

night, seasons, years etc. We do not see the real Kala in its entirety. Kala or

Time existing prior to space (sky) is called the Supreme or Omni Kala. /3/

स एरव स भरवनानतयाभरत स एरव स भरवनातन पयत ।

वपता सनतनभरवत पर एषा तसमाद रव नानतयत परमगसत तजः ।।4।।

सा.भा – स एरव कालः भरवनातन भतजातातन सम आ अभरत आहरत आहरतत उतपादयतत । सरवनोतपारदतातन भरवनातन समनतताद पषरातत । स एरव कालः भरवनातन स पयत समयक पररगचछतत वयापनोतत। स एरव वपता एषा भरवनाना जनकः सन एषा परोभरवत भरवतत । काल एरव वपततरवन परतरवन च वयरवररिययत । यः परवणजनतमतन वपततरवन जातः स एरव अगसमन जनतमतन परतरवन वयरवररिययत अरवचछदककालाधीनतरवात सरवणसय । अरथ रवा एकगसमन जनतमनतयरव वपतः परतरवम आमनायत । तसमात सरवोतपादकात सरवणगतात परारदरपर भवरवषयतशच तसमात कालाद अनतयत परम उतकि तजो नागसत । रविबदः परशसदधौ । तजो नासतीतत तनषधात सरवसयावप तजोरपतरवम अरथणशसदधम ।

िबदारथणः – सपिम । अभरत – हगरहोभणः । यदवा भञ भरर । भौरवारदकः ।/ पयत – इर गतौ । परर ऐत ।

भारवारथणः – यरथा परः वपतः हदयाद उतपदयत, तसयाङगाद च परकरितः भरवतत, तरथरव पराणरनः कालादतपदयनतत । कालः तान पषरातत च । अतः काल इरव तजोमयः ककमवप नागसत ।


The Omni present Kala creates all i.e. the Sun, the Earth, the Worlds, whether

living or non-living, manifested or not. In fact, Kala is said as the Father of all.

After they get created by Kala they calculate and measure the time according to

the Sun in the Solar System. In the same manner, different planets and stars of

the Galaxies have their own calculation of time. As a matter of fact, Kala now


becomes the son or controlled by them who are born from Kala. So, whether it

creates or is being created, Kala remains atop. /4/

कालोSम रदरवमजनयत काल इमाः पथरथरवीरतः । काल ह भत भवय चवषत ह वरव ततषठत ।। 5।।

सा.भा – कालः परमातमा अम वरवपरकिा रदरवम दयलोकम अजनयत उतपारदतरवान । उत अवप च इमाः पररदमयमानाः सरवणपराणयाधारभताः पथरथरवीः । वयतययन बहरवचन ककषाभदन रवा । तरथा च मनतररवरणः । हिबदः एरवारथ । काल एरव भतम भतकाल आधार अवरवगचछनतन भवयम भवरवषयचच इवषतम इिम इषयमार रवतणमानकालारवगचछनतन च जगद वरव ततषठत वरविषर आथशरत रवतणत ।

िबदारथणः – सपिम ।

भारवारथणः – कालः दयलोक पथरथरवीञच अजनयत । भत-भवरवषय-रवतणमान-रप-तररकालसयावप कालः आधार अगसत।


Without Kala nothing is possible. We divide the Kala into three phases like Past,

Future and Present. This is the proof that Kala exists. /5/

कालो भततमसजत काल तपतत सयणः ।

काल ह वरवशवा भतातन काल चकषवरवण पमयतत ।।6।।

सा.भा – कालः कालरपः परमातमा भततम भरवनरवजजगद असजत । काल पररक सतत सयणः आरदतयः तपतत जगत परकाियतत । काल एरव आशरय वरवशवा वरवशवातन भतातन रवतणनतत काल चकषः।

उपलकषरम एतत । चकषरादीगनतयाणर वरव पमयतत । इदमवप उपलकषरम । दिणनारद कमाणणर करवणगनतत । यदवा चकषः । चकषःिबदो लपतमतरवरथीयः । चकषषमान सरवगनतयाथधषठाता वरव पमयतत सरवसरवगनतयवयापार करोतत ।

िबदारथणः – सपिम । असजत - सज वरवसग तौदारदकः । वयतययन आतमनपदम ।

भारवारथणः – कालन एरव जगत सजयत । कालसय पररकः सयणः जगत परकाियतत । पराणरनः काल आथशरताः ततषठगनतत । सरवषाम इगनतयाराम अथधषठाता कालानसारम इगनतय-वयापार कारयतत ।



Kala is so dominant that the Sun illuminates the entire world. By which, we with

our eyes see that world and keep seeing. Our sensory organs perform, being

influenced by the Kala. Kala is the creator of the World, the Creatures and even

the Galaxies. The word ‘Bhuuti’, here, means the ‘Jagat’. /6/

काल मनः काल परारः काल नाम समारहतम । कालन सरवाण ननतदनततयागतन परजा इमाः ।।7।।

सा.भा – काल परमातमतन मनः जगगतससकषातनशमततभत मनो रवतणत । तगसमनतनरव परारः सरातमा सरवणजगदनततयाणमी रवतणत । अनततयणमनोपाथधकतरवन काल रवतणत इतत आधारवयपदिः । यदवा मनः। जातयकरवचनम । सरवषा पराणरना मनाशस । परारः पञचरववततकः परारा अवप परमातमनतयरव रवतणनतत । तरथा नाम नामधय सरवषा रवसतना सिा अवप तररव समारहतम । सतरीपरषारदसिाशभः काल एरव उचयत इतयरथणः । यदवा सरवषा रपाणर कतरवा तषा नामानतयवप सरवयमरव वयरवहरतीतयतदशभपरायर काल नाम समारहतम इतयकतम । कालन रवसनततारदरपर आगतन सरवाण इमाः परजाः ननतदगनतत सतषयगनतत सरवसरवकायणशसदधः ।


भारवारथणः – कालसय हतोररद नामरपातमक जगत परकामयत । जगतः सजनसय इचछा तसय परमातमनः मनशस रवतणत । जगदपरततषठापकाः पञचपरारा अवप तगसमन रवतणनतत । अररव सरवाणः परजाः रवसगनतत । सरवसरवनामातन गहीतरवा सरवसरववयापार साधयनततः कालमततरवाहयन साननतद ततषठगनतत परजाः जगतयगसमन ।


Life emerges and ceases to appear at the will of the Kala. The Manas, the Prana

and the Nama are the manifestations of Kala. Our mind is controlled by the Kala.

So also, five types of air, on which we are dependent and live, are being

regulated by the Kala. The cosmic breath is also established by the Time

Supreme. The Nama i.e. name and fame, in this earth, is promoted by the Kala.

The form and behaviour of the species change according to the Kala. /7/


काल तपः काल जयषठ काल बरहम समारहतम ।

कालो ह सरवणसयशवरो यः वपतासीत परजापतः ।।8।। सा.भा – काल परमातमतन तपः जगतसजणनवरवषय पयाणलोचनम । “तप पयाणलोचन । असमाद असन” । “तपसा चीयत बरहम” (म.1.1.8.)। इतयादौ तपः िबदः पयाणलोचनारथणतरवन वयाखयातः । यरथा जयषठ सरवणसय आरदभत रहरणयगभाणखय तततरव रवतणत । तरथा बरहम साङगो रवदसततपरततपादकः समारहतम समयगारहतः । यदवा तपः कचरचानतायरारदकम । ततफलपरदाततरवात तररव रवतणनम । एकः कालिबदो यौथगकः कलतयतरर काल जयषठ बरहम रहरणयाखयम । “जयषठ बरहम शरषठ बरहम” इतत रह शरतयनततरम । हिबदः अरवधारर । कालः सरवणसय जगत ईशवरः सरवामी । यः कालः परजापतः परजाना सरिशचतमणखसय बरहमरः वपता जनक आसीत ।


भारवारथणः – काल एरव जगतसरचनातमक तपः वरवदयत । आरदसरवरप रहरणयगभणरप तततरव जयषठमवप तर तनरहतमगसत । तरथा रवदाङगः सह रवदाः तगसमनरव परततवषठताः सगनतत ।


The Tapas, Jyestha, Brahma, IIsvara, Prajapati - all are ruled by Kala. The

penances and austerities, we do, are regulated by the Kala. Jyestha according to

Sayana is Hiranyagarbha, who is considered as the progenitor of all. Brahman is

attained through the Vedas and their Supplementary Books. Isvara is the Master

or the Ruler of the creation. Prajapati is the four-headed father figure, who gives

birth to all the subjects on the earth. Ultimately, the control of all of them is in

the hand of Kala. /8/

तनवषत तन जात तद तगसमन परततवषठतम । कालो ह बरहम भतरवा तरबभवततण परमवषठनम ।।9।।

सा.भा – तन कालन इवषतम इि सरवा सरिवय जगत । काशमतम इतयरथणः । तीष सह इतत इडागमः ।तनरव जातम उतपारदत जगत । तत ततजगत । उिबदः अरवधारर । तगसमनतनरव काल परततवषठतम । कालो ह काल एरव बरहम दिकालारवगचछनतन सगतचतसखतयतरसम अबाधय परमारथणतततरव भतरवा परमवषठनम परम सरथान सतयलोक ततषठनतत चतमणखबरहमार तरबभतत ण ।

िबदारथणः – इवषत – इि (इष कमणणर कत)अशभलवषत ,/ परमवषठन – परमवषठन - परम वयोमतन थचदाकाि बरहमणर रवा ततषठतत(परम ‘ककचच उरा*’ इतन अलक समासः ‘सरथागसरथ -नतसरथराम’ षतरवम) चतमणख बरहमणर |


भारवारथणः – जगरदद कालन एरव सिम । पनशच काल एरव तत परततवषठत ततषठतत । यतः (सरिवय) सजनयोय जगत कालन इि काशमत रवा भरवतत । सगचचदाननतदः परमकाररः बरहसरवरप-कालः सतयलोकसरथ परमवषठन चतमणखबरहमार धारयतत ।


Even, before any creation, Kala was active and is working constantly. That,

which appears or manifests, is the form of Kala and remains established in that

Kala. Brahman is the subtle form of Kala, who supports the four faced

progenitor Brahma, residing in the Satyaloka. Kala is the ancient one. /9/

कालः परजा असजत कालो अगर परजापततम । सरवयमभः कमयपः कालात तपः कालादजायत ।।10।।

सा.भा – कालः अगर सषटयादौ परजापततम बरहमारम असजत उदपादयत । कालः परजाशच असजत । सरवयमभः सरवयम आतमना भरवतीतत सरवयमभः । कालवयततररकतकालानततरतनषधकः सरवयिबदः । कमयपः आरोगभराजारदसपतसयाणपकषयाअिमः सयणः ।*’कमयपोिमः स महामर न जहातत इतत शरतयनततरम’(त.आ.1.7.1. )*। कमयपिबदतनरवणचन यासकन एरव कतम । *’कमयपः पमयको भरवतत यत सरवा पररपमयतीतत सौकषमयात’ इतत (त.आ. 1.8.8.)* । तादिः सरवणसय िा सयणः तपः सतापक तजशच कालाद अजायत ।

िबदारथणः – सपिम । कमयपः – पमयकः(सयणः) अिमसयणः (यासकः)।

भारवारथणः – सिः पराक काल आसीत । ततपर कालः परजापतत परजाशच असजत । अतः कालः सरवयमभरगसत । कालादरव जातः, सरवाणन पमयतत यः सयणः, सः िा, कमयप-नामना अिमो सयणः भरवतत । सयणसय तजोSवप कालादजायत ।


The Time Supreme induced its force to create Prajapati, in the beginning. From

Prajapati came the Prajas. The eighth Sun, namely Kasyapa, came into being

with the heat, from the Kala. Ultimately, Kala is self-born or Svayambhu. /10/

Next, in the 54th sukta, in 5 hymns the Sage speaks that the celestial water came

into being. The yajna, Tapas and Dik(directions) were produced by Kala. The

Sun rises and sets in time, abiding the law of Kala. The flow of the Air, the

Earth, the Sky, the Hymns, the Yajus, the Gandharvas, the Apsaras are the

manifestations of Kala. The triumphant auspicious Kala comes here with

Brahman. The sages Atharvan and Angirasa also reside here in this pious earth

being blessed by Kala.



4.5.1. अतिदीरघोततरमलक-परशनाः । 15X2

1. राषटराशभरवदधणनसकतसय सार शलखत । 2. कालसकतसय रवशिषटय परततपादयत ।

4.5.2. दीरघोततरमलक-परशनाः । 10X4

सायररीतया वयाखया करत । 1. मनतरसखया – 1 (राषटराशभरवदधणनसकतसय) 2. मनतरसखया - 4

3. मनतरसखया – 6

4. मनतरसखया – 1 (कालसकतसय) 5. मनतरसखया - 3

6. मनतरसखया – 6

4.5.3. सकषिपतोततरमलक-परशनाः । 05X4

मनतरसय अरथा शलखत । 1- मनतरसखया – 3 (राषटराशभरवदधणनसकतसय) 2- मनतरसखया - 5

3- मनतरसखया – 2 (कालसकतसय) 4- मनतरसखया - 5

5- मनतरसखया – 10

4.5.4. अतिसकषिपतोततरमलक-परशनाः । 02x5

सायरभाषय आलोथचताना पदाना रवरदकवयाकररदषटया तनरवणचन करत। (सकतदवय परदतत सायरभाषय िवयम).


1.The New Vedic Selection, Part.।।, Telanga & Chaubey, BharatiyaVidyaPrakashan,

Varanasi,1976.

2. Hymns of the Atharva-Veda, (Trans.) Maurice Bloomfield, Sacred Books of the East,

vol.42,1897.

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