Massachusetts Water Resources Authority Model-Buoy Data ... · 3 Location of buoys and survey...

Massachusetts Water Resources Authority

Model-Buoy Data Comparisonand Other Continuous Monitoring

Evaluations

Wendy Leo

Outfall Monitoring Science Advisory Panel Meeting

September 23, 2014

2

Outline

• Introduction

• Ongoing NERACOOS A measurements

• NDBC 44013 results for 2013

• Can model be used to track conditions near outfall between surveys?

• Can buoy data improve accuracy of model predictions?

• Fluorescence and chlorophyll

3

Location of buoys and survey stations

NERACOOS A (2001-present)

USGS LT-A (1989-2006)

NDBC 44013 (2009-2013)

• water column monitoringstations

4

Related efforts since 2013 OMSAP meetings

• Worked with NERACOOS to secure funding for Buoy A

• Continued 44013 T, S, chl measurements through summer 2013



• Fluorescence and chlorophyll relationship?

5

44013 oceanographic measurements 2013

6

NDBC 44013 results for 2013 surface temperature

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

Tem

pera

ture

(C)

NERACOOS Buoy A (1 m)


NDBC Buoy 44013 (2.4 m, not real-time)

7

NDBC 44013 results for 2013NDBC 44013 results for 2013 surface salinity

28

29

30

31

32

33

Salin

ity (P

SU)



8

NDBC 44013 results for 2013NDBC 44013 results for 2013 surface chlorophyll

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Chlo

roph

yll c

once

ntra

tion

(ug/

l)



survey surface fluorescence near Buoy A

survey surface fluorescence near Buoy 44013

9

NDBC 44013 results for 2013

0

5

10

15

20

25

Chlo

roph

yll c

once

ntra

tion

(ug/

l)


NDBC Buoy 44013 (0.5 or 2.4 m)

WC surveys surface fluorescence near Buoy A

WC surveys surface fluorescence near Buoy 44013

10

Short term events


– capturing relatively brief changes in chlorophyll or changes in DO

that would be missed by ship surveys.

11

Buoy and model results – evaluations completed

Buoy name

Distance from outfall

Depth layer

Depth (m)

Parameters Comparisons to model

44013 12 km shallow 0.5-2.4 Temperature SalinityChlorophyll A

2009-20102009-20102009-2010

A01 23 km shallow 1-3 Temperature SalinityChlorophyll A

2009-20102009-20102009-2010

deep 50-51 TemperatureSalinityDissolved Oxygen

2004-05, 2009-102004-05, 2009-10

USGS(LT-A)

1.2 km deep 30 TemperatureSalinityDissolved Oxygen

2004-20052004-20052003-2005

12

Buoy and model results

Parameter Model similar to buoy? A01 similar to outfall site?

Surface Salinity Strong (except perhaps in summer)

Strong (except spring)

Bottom Salinity Strong Strong

Surface Temp Perfect Perfect

Bottom Temp Strong (with deviations) Good

Bottom DO Good Good (ignoring weekly variability)

Surface Chlorophyll Zero Weak alignment (can satellite data help?)

13

surface temperature – NDBC 44013 – 2010


0

5

10

15

20

25

1-Jan-10 2-Mar-10 1-May-10 30-Jun-10 29-Aug-10 28-Oct-10 27-Dec-10

daily

tem

p (C

)

44013 - 2010Model_ 1m - temp Buoy_1m - temp Survey_1m - temp

14

bottom temperature – NERACOOS A – 2010


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14


daily

tem

p (C

)

A01 - 2010Model_50m - temp Buoy_50m - temp Survey_50m-temp

15


surface salinity – 2009

27

28

29

30

31

32

33


daily

sal

init

y (P

SU)

A01 - 2009Model_ 1m - salinity Buoy_1m - salinity Survey_1m-salinity

27

28

29

30

31

32

33


daily

sal

init

y (P

SU)

44013 - 2009Model_ 1m - salinity Buoy_1m - salinity Survey_1m - salinity

16


surface salinity – 2010

27

28

29

30

31

32

33


daily

sal

init

y (P

SU)

Model_ 1m - salinity Buoy_1m - salinity Survey_1m - salinity 44013 - 2010

27

28

29

30

31

32

33


daily

sal

init

y (P

SU)

Model_ 1m - salinity Buoy_1m - salinity Survey_1m-salinity A01 - 2010

17

bottom dissolved oxygen –NERACOOS A


4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

2-Jan-10 3-Mar-10 2-May-10 1-Jul-10 30-Aug-10 29-Oct-10 28-Dec-10

3-da

y di

ssol

ved

oxyg

en (m

g/L)

A01 - 2010Model_50m - DO Buoy_50m - DO Survey_bottom - DO

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12


3-da

y di

ssol

ved

oxyg

en (m

g/L)

A01 - 2009Model_50m - DO Buoy_50m - DO Survey_bottom - DO

18

USGS LT-A and NERACOOS A, 2005

Buoy results – USGS LT-A near outfall

bottom salinity

bottom temperature

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13


daily

tem

pera

ture

(C)

2005USGS_30m_Temp A01_50m_Temp

28

29

30

31

32

33


daily

sal

init

y (p

pt)

2005USGS_30m_Sal A01_50m_Sal

19

buoy vs. buoy, bottom dissolved oxygenUSGS LT-A and NERACOOS A, 2005

Buoy results – USGS LT-A near outfall

6.5

7.5

8.5

9.5

10.5

11.5


daily

ave

rage

dis

solv

ed o

xyge

n (m

g/L)

2005USGS_30m A01_50m Survey_40m - USGS Survey_30m - USGS Survey_50m - A01

20

Compare two locations, data and model -bottom oxygen


6.5

7.5

8.5

9.5

10.5

11.5


3-da

y av

erag

e di

ssol

ved

oxyg

en (m

g/L)

Buoy v Buoy2005

USGS_30m A01_50m

6.5

7.5

8.5

9.5

10.5

11.5


3-da

y av

erag

e di

ssol

ved

oxyg

en (m

g/L)

Model v Model2005

USGS_30m (model) A01_50m (model)

21


surface chlorophyll –NERACOOS A

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


3-da

y ch

loro

phyl

l-a (

ug/L

)

Model_1m - chla Buoy_1-3m - chla Survey-surf - Chla A01 - 2010

-5

0

5

10

15

20


3-da

y ch

loro

phyl

l-a (

ug/L

)

A01 - 2009Model_1m - chla Buoy_1-3m - chla Survey-surf - Chla

22


surface chlorophyll –NDBC 44013

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


3-da

y ch

loro

phyl

l-a (

ug/L

)

44013 - 2009Model_1m - chla Buoy_1-3m - chla Survey_surf - Chla

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


3-da

y ch

loro

phyl

l-a (

ug/L

)

44013 - 2010Model_1m - chla Buoy_1-3m - chla Survey_surf - Chla

23

Buoy and model and satellite results

Satellite and model chlorophyll imagery for two dates marked by green lines in the time-series chart: May 5, and Aug 30 Buoy locations are depicted with black dots in the images.

A01 and 44013 buoy and model surface chlorophyll data in 2010

Aug 30, 2010May 5, 2010(ug/L) (ug/L)

Satellite Satellite

Model Model

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


3-da

y ch

loro

phyl

l-a (

ug/L

)

201044013 - Model (1m) 44013 - Buoy (1-3m) A01 - Model (1m) A01 - Buoy (1-3m)

24

Buoy and satellite results

A01 buoy and satellite surface chlorophyll data in 2010

44013 buoy and satellite surface chlorophyll data in 2010

Satellite imagery for 4 sample time-points labeled A,B,C,D in time-series charts

.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


3-da

y ch

loro

phyl

l-a (

ug/L

)

2010A01 - Buoy (1-3m) A01 - Satellite

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


3-da

y ch

loro

phyl

l-a (

ug/L

)

201044013 - Buoy (1-3m) 44013 - Satellite

CB

D

C

D

A

A

B

A. Apr 19 C. Sep 4 D. Oct 8B. Apr 24

25


Parameter Model similar to buoy? A01 similar to outfall site?

Surface Salinity Strong (except perhaps in summer)

Strong (except spring)

Bottom Salinity Strong Strong

Surface Temp Perfect Perfect

Bottom Temp Strong (with deviations) Good

Bottom DO Good Good (ignoring weekly variability)

Surface Chlorophyll Zero Weak alignment (can satellite data help?)

26

Outline

• Introduction

• Ongoing NERACOOS A measurements

• NDBC 44013 results for 2013



• Fluorescence and chlorophyll

27

Fluorescence and chlorophyll

Moored fluorescence can indicate:- Bloom timing - Bloom intensity

Not so much:- Precise concentrations- Compare locations or deployments

28


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Chlo

roph

yll c

once

ntra

tion

(ug/

l)



survey surface fluorescence near Buoy A

survey surface fluorescence near Buoy 44013

29


Three examples of deployment-to-deployment transitions in chlorophyll fluorescence and turbidity to assess biofouling

negligible biofouling saturated biofilm frondular biofouling

turb

idity

fluor

esce

nce

30


Example of extreme biological growth on the ECO FLNTU observed upon recovery of deployment 30. This type of biofouling is termed frondular.

Photo credit M. Mickelson.

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Time series of hourly observations from GoMOOS buoy I in February 2009.Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR) is shown in blue.Calibrated chlorophyll fluorescence is shown in red. From Roesler, C. S., and A. H. Barnard. 2013.

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