Mass-Wasting
description
Transcript of Mass-Wasting
![Page 1: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mass-Wasting
Movement of Large Amounts of Material Downhill under Gravity
![Page 2: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Types of Mass Wasting
• Slow vs. Fast• Wet vs. Dry• Cohesive vs. Fragmented
![Page 3: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Types of Mass Wasting
• Creep• Slow Landslide• Earthflow, Mudflow, Debris Flow• Avalanche• Rockfall• Slump• Complex Landslide
![Page 4: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Factors in Mass Wasting
• Climate• Moisture• Steep Slopes• Weak Rocks• Existing Failure Surfaces
![Page 5: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Soil Creep
![Page 6: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Soil Creep
![Page 7: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Soil Creep
![Page 8: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Soil Creep, California
![Page 9: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Creep, North Carolina
![Page 10: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Colluvium, San Bernardino Mountains, California
![Page 11: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mystery or Soil Creep?
![Page 12: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Four Years’ Mass-Wasting, Bosnia
![Page 13: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Four Years’ Mass-Wasting, Bosnia
• 100*40/2 cm2 = 2000 cm2 (4 years)
• = 500 cm2 /year• Removed from 1 km
slope per year = 500 cm2 /100,000 cm= 1 cm/200 yr= 5000 cm (50 m)/m.y. = 50m /m.y.
• A 1-m (100 cm) soil mantle yields 500 cm2 /year, so movement = 500 cm2 /year/100 cm= 5 cm/year
![Page 14: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Debris Flow, Utah
![Page 15: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Landslide, Wyoming
![Page 16: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Geological Disneyland, Utah
![Page 17: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Landslide, Utah
![Page 18: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Landslide, Wyoming
![Page 19: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Landslide and Slope Control, Wyoming
![Page 20: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Landslide, Wyoming
![Page 21: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Bridge of the Gods, Washington
![Page 22: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Bridge of the Gods, Washington
![Page 23: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Gros Ventre Slide, Wyoming, 1925
![Page 24: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Slide Lake, Wyoming
![Page 25: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Gros Ventre Slide, Wyoming
![Page 26: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Landslide, Pakistan, January 4,
2010
![Page 27: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Landslide, Pakistan, January 4,
2010
![Page 28: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Urban Planning, San Diego
![Page 29: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Martian Landslide
![Page 30: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Active Landslide on Mars
![Page 31: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Active Landslide on Mars
![Page 32: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Rockfalls, Yosemite, California
![Page 33: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Rockfalls, Yosemite, California
![Page 34: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Block Slide, Yosemite
![Page 35: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Rockslide, Yosemite
![Page 36: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Slumps? Baird Creek
![Page 37: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Avalanche Chute, Colorado
![Page 38: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Landslide, Mount Saint Helens
![Page 39: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Aberfan, Wales
• October 21, 1966, a large waste pile from coal mining collapsed
• Village school was in the path of the slide• 144 people killed, 116 of them children• Weathering of coal mine waste liberates
sulfuric acid and weakens waste piles• Seepage beneath pile contributed
![Page 40: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Coal Tip, England
![Page 42: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Inquiry Board, 1967
• the Aberfan Disaster is a terrifying tale of bungling ineptitude by many men charged with tasks for which they were totally unfitted, of failure to heed clear warnings, and of total lack of direction from above. Not villains but decent men, led astray by foolishness or by ignorance or by both in combination, are responsible for what happened at Aberfan.
![Page 43: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Sherman Glacier, Alaska, March 27, 1964
![Page 44: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Sherman Glacier, Alaska,
March 27, 1964
![Page 45: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Blackhawk Landslide, California
![Page 46: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Saidmareh Landslide,
Iran
![Page 47: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Landslide on Iapetus
![Page 48: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Viaont, Italy, October 9, 1963
1800 people died.
![Page 49: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Yungay, Peru, May 31, 1970
![Page 50: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Yungay, Peru, May 31, 1970
![Page 51: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Lituya Bay, Alaska, July 9, 1958
![Page 52: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Lituya Bay, Before and
After
![Page 53: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The Scour Line
![Page 54: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The Highest Wave Ever Recorded
![Page 55: Mass-Wasting](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070417/56815491550346895dc2a328/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Dealing With Mass-Wasting• Proper Land Use – Stay out of Danger• Take warnings seriously• Structural Control– Retaining Structures– Drainage– Terraces
• Warning System• Accept the Risk and Responsibility• Abolish Insurance ?