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Local Commlllittee on Women's Events).arranged by Mrs. Eunice ThomasMiner. New York Academy of Sciences,who will preside; 30 Dec. The address,by Edith H. Quincy, College of Physi-cians and Surgeons. Columbia Univer-sity w ill be on radiation hazards anidwhat is being done about them.

Americani Geophysic(d Utiion. Sym-poSiumL1, cosponsored by Section D-As-tronomy and the Amlerican Astronomi-cal Society: "The Impact of SpaceResearch on the Sciences," arranged bythe Planning Commlllittee on PlanetaryScience of the AGU. Homer E. Newell.National Aeronautics and Space Ad-

ministration, chairman, with Robert Jas-trow, National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration. presiding; 26 Dec. Pa-pers will be presented on the interactionbetween the earth sciences and plane-tary studies (Gordon J. F. MacDonald,University of California, Los Angeles);planetary environments and extrater-restrial lite (Philip Abelson. CarnegieInstitution ot WA'ashington); flying tele-scopes (NMartin Schx arzschild, Prince-ton University).

Scienli/ic ResearchI Society of A mner-ica. The Societv xx ill hold its annualconxention on 29 Dec. On the samZe daythere wvill be a joint luncheon of the

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Society of the Sigmiia Xi and the Sci-entific Research Society, and the an-nual address of the Scicntific ResearchSociety will be presented, with W. J.Coppoc, Texaco, Beacon. N.Y., presid-ing. Coppoc will award the WilliamProcter Prize and Alan T. Watermiian.National Science Foundation, willspeak. The address is open to all whoare interested.

Si-ina Delta Ep,silon. Cosponsor ofthe Third Conference on Wonmen inScience. (For details, see the programof the American Council on Womlenin Science.)

There will be a National Counciland Board of Directors meeting, withEthaline Cortelyou, president of SigmaDelta Epsilon, presiding: 27 Dec.On 28 Dec. there will be a luncheon

for all women in science and an ad-dress, with Ethaline Cortelyou presid-ing. The address, "Petroleum-A Cat-alyst for Progress, w ill be given bvDorothy Quiggle, Pennsylvania StateUniversity.On 29 Dec. there will be a dinner and

grand chapter meeting.Attention is called to the luncheon

and programin ol the AAAS Local Comii-mittee on Womlen's Events, on 30 Dec.(For details, see the program of theAmiierican Council on Women in Sci-ence.)

Society of tlie Signa Xi. There willbe a joint luncheon with the ScientificResearch Socictv of Amlerica, 29 Dec.(For details, see the program of theScientific Research Society of America.)

Thhe Society of the Sigmia Xi will holdits 61st annuIl convention on 29 Dec.The joint address of the Society of theSigma Xi aind the United Chapters ofPhi Beta Kalp)pa will be given on thesame day, wvith Nlina S. Rees, mlemiberof the AAAS Board of Directors, pre-sidin,. The address, by Polykarp KLsch.Colulmlbia University. xxill be on 'Sci-entists and Laymen.

Forthcoming EventsDccesiiber

5-8. American Soc. of Agronomy. an-nual. Chicago, Ill. (L. G. Monthey, ASA,27t)' Mlonrcoe St.. Matdison 5. Wis.)

7-13. American Acad. of Optometry,Sa-n Francisco, Calif. (C. C. Koch, 1506-08 Foshay Tower, Minnieatpolis 2, Minn.)

9-10. The Myocarditum-Its Biochemis-try and Biophysics. New York. N.Y. (A. P.Fishmani, New York Heart Assoc., 10ColUrmbus Circle, New York 19)

9-11. Amrcrican Psychoanialytic Assoc.,New York, N.Y. (D. Beres, 151 CentralParik West, New York 23)

10-/1. Acadeemy of Psychoanalysis, NexvYork, N.Y. (J. H. Merin, 125 E. 65 St.,New York 21 )

11-14. Hot Laboratory and EquipmentConf., 8th, San Francisco, Calif. (J. R.Lilienthal, Los Alamos Scientific Labora-tory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, N.M.)

SCIENCE, VOL. 132

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12-14. American Nuclear Soc. (Isotopesand Radiation Div.), San Francisco, Calif.(O. J. Du Temple, ANS, 86 E. RandolphSt., Chicago 1, Ill.)

12-14. Water Pollution, natl. conf.,Washington, D.C. (F. A. Butrico, Office ofEngineering Resources, Div. of Engineer-ing Services, U.S. Public Health Service,Washington 25)

12-16. Atomic Industrial Forum, conf.,San Francisco, Calif. (D. J. Scherer, 3 E.54 St., New York 22)

13-15. Eastern Joint Computer Conf.,New York, N.Y. (E. C. Kubie, EJCC,Computer Usage Co., Inc., 18 E. 41 St.,New York 17)

19-20. Statistical Mechanics, conf., Lon-don, England. (Organizing Secretary, Phys-ical Soc., 1, Lowther Gardens, London)

22-2. Panamerican Diabetic Congress,1st, British Honduras. (B. R. Hearst, Di-rector, Diabetic Inst. of America, 55 E.Washington St., Suite 1646, Chicago2, Ill.)

26-30. Inter-American Cong. of Psy-chology, 7th, Havana, Cuba. (G. M. Gil-bert, Psychology Dept., Long Island Univ.,Brooklyn 1, N.Y.)

26-31. American Assoc. for the Ad-vancement of Science, annual, New York,N.Y. (R. L. Taylor, AAAS, 1515 Mas-sachusetts Ave., NW, Washington 5)

27-14. Bahamas Surgical Conf., Nassau.(B. L. Frank, P.O. Box 4037, Fort Lauder-dale, Fla.)

27-29. Conference on Strong Interac-tions, Berkeley, Calif. (A. C. Helmholz,Dept. of Physics, Univ. of California,Berkeley.)

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27-29. Northwest Scientific Assoc. andIdaho Acad. of Science, joint meeting,Moscow. (E. J. Larrison, Dept. of Biologi-cal Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow.)

28. Association for Education in Inter-national Business, St. Louis, Mo. (J. N.Behrman, Univ. of Delaware, Newark,Delaware)

28-30. American Economic Assoc., St.Louis, Mo. (J. W. Bell, NorthwesternUniv., Evanston, Ill.)

28-30. Econometric Soc., St. Louis, Mo.(R. Ruggles, Dept. of Economics, YaleUniv., New Haven, Conn.)

28-29. Linguistic Soc. of America, an-nual, Hartford, Conn. (A. A. Hill, Box7790, University Station, Austin 12, Tex.)

28-30. National Council of Teachers ofMathematics, Tempe, Arizona. (M. H.Ahrendt, 1201 16 St., NW, Washington 6,D.C.)

29-31. American Physical Soc., Berke-ley, Calif. (K. Darrow, APS, ColumbiaUniv., 116 St. and Broadway, New York,N.Y.)

January

3-9. Indian Science Cong., 48th session,Roorkee (Uttar Pradesh), India. (GeneralSecretary, ISC Assoc., 64 Dilkhusa St.,Calcutta 17, India)

8-12. Thermoelectric Energy Conver-sion, symp., Dallas, Tex. (P. H. Klein,General Electric Co., Electronics Lab.,Bldg. 3, Room 221, Electronics Park,Syracuse, N.Y.)

8-13. American Acad. of OrthopedicSurgeons, Miami Beach, Fla. (J. K. Hart,

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116 South Michigan Ave., Chicago 3, Ill.)8-14. Bahamas Conf. on Hypertension,

Nassau. (I. M. Wechsler, P.O. Box 1454,Nassau)

8-14. International Conf. of SocialWork, 10th, Rome. (Miss R. M. William,ICSW, 345 E. 46 St., Room 1012, NewYork 17)

9-11. Reliability and Quality Control,7th natl. symp., Philadelphia, Pa. (R. L.Schwerin, ACF Electronics Div., ACFIndustries, Inc., 11 Park Place, Paramus,N.J.)

9-12. White House Conf. on Aging.Washington, D.C. (Special Staff on Aging,Office of the Undersecretary, Dept. ofHealth, Education and Welfare, Washing-ton 25)

9-13. Society of Automotive Engineers,annual, Detroit, Mich. (SAE, 485 Lexing-ton Ave., New York 17)

10-i1. Conference on Physics of Poly-mers, Bristol, England. (Organizing Secre-tary, Physical Soc., 1 Lowther Gardens,London, S.W.7)

16-18. American Astronautical Soc.,annual, Dallas, Tex. (F. F. Martin, AAS,304 S. Woodstock Dr., Haddonfield, N.J.)

16-19. Instrument Soc. of America,winter instrument-automation conf., St.Louis, Mo. (W. H. Kushnick, 313 SixthAve., Pittsburgh 22, Pa.)

22-28. Bahamas Serendipity Conf., 3rd,Nassau. (I. M. Wechsler, P.O. Box 1454,Nassau)

23-25. Institute of the AeronauticalSciences, 29th annual, New York, N.Y.(Meetings Dept., IAS, 2 E. 64 St., NewYork 21)

24-27. American Mathematical Soc.,67th annual, Washington, D.C. (J. W.Green, Univ. of California, Los Angeles24)

24-27. Society for Industrial and Ap-plied Mathematics, Washington, D.C. (G.Kaskey, Remington Rand Univac, 1900W. Allegheny Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.)

24-27. Society of Plastics Engineers.17th annual conf., Washington, D.C.(T. A. Bissell, SPE, 65 Prospect St., Stam-ford, Conn.)

25-27. Mathematical Assoc. of Amer-ica, annual, Washington, D.C. (H. L.Alder, Dept. of Mathematics, Univ. ofCalifornia, Davis)

26-27. Western Spectroscopy Conf., 8thannual, Pacific Grove, Calif. (R. C.Hawes, Applied Physics Corp., 2724 S.Peck Rd., Monrovia, Calif.)

27-28. Royal College of Physicians andSurgeons, annual, Ottawa, Ontario, Can-ada. (T. J. Giles, 150 Metcalfe St.,Ottawa)

28-30. Control of the Mind, symp., SanFrancisco, Calif. (Dept. of ContinuingEducation in Medicine, Univ. of CaliforniaMedical Center, San Francisco 22)

29-3. American Inst. of Electrical En-_gineers, winter meeting, New York, N.Y.(E. C. Day, AIEE, Technical OperationsDept., 33 W. 39 St., New York 18)

30-3. Clinical Cong. of AbdominalSurgeons, Miami Beach, Fla. (B. F.Alfano, 663 Main St., Melrose 76, Mass.)

30-4. American Library Assoc., mid-winter meeting. (Mrs. F. L. Spain, NewYork Public Library, 20 W. 53 St., NewYork, N.Y.)

(See issue of 18 November for comprehensive list)

SCIENCE, VOL. 132

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LettersPlacebos for Relief of Pain

Beecher [Scienice 132, 91 (1960)]presented a thesis that placebos aremore effective for relieving pathologicalpain than for relieving experimentalpain. The approach is very interest-ing, the data presented are clear-cutand convincing; however, I think thatin interpretation one important factoris left out.The data on pathological pain are

hased on observations in average, un-sophisticated clinical patients. The sub-jects for the investigation of experi-miental pain are mostly medical orgraduate students. As far as obser-vation and interpretation of sensoryphenomena are concerned, these stu-dents are surely in a different categoryfrom the average clinical patient. If,in addition, selection is limited to thosevolunteering for pain experiments, thisputs the subjects in a very specialclass.

This was pointed out in several pre-vious publications [J. Appl. Phy.siol. 8,630 ( 1956); Science 128, 303 (1958)].B3eecher actually quotes from the sec-ond of these references, but he leavesout the main thenme-the one indicat-ing that the placebo effect becomes

less pronouLnced with the greater abil-ity of the subject to evaluate painobjectively.

I fully agree with Beecher's con-clusions that placebos work on theanxiety component of pain and onanxiety-induced reflexes. However, Ithink that his own evidence indicatesthat this is largely due to differencesin the psychological characteristics ofthe subjects-differences in degree ofscientific understanding and in theability to make objective evaluation.

FRED B. BENJAMINRepublic A *iation Cor7poratiion,Fari;11ninqdale, Newt Yokt-

I anm pleased, of course, that Ben-ianmin found "the data presentedclear-cut and convincing" and that he"fully agree[s] with [my] conclusionsthat placebos work on the anxiety com-ponent of pain."He is troubled, if I understand him,

because the data on pathological painare based upon the responses of "un-sophisticated clinical patients," andthose on experimental pain, on theresponses of graduate students. Hethen makes a wholly unsupported state-ment; he says, "As far as observationand interpretation of sensory phenom-ena are concerned, these students are

. . in a different category froni theaverage clinical patient."

But I am not at all sure that I know25 NOVEMBER 1960

what Benjamin's real thesis is. Hewould not hold, presunmably, that thereare anatomical differences between thetwo groups, so he Imlust believe that"conditioning" or "cultural" or eco-nomic differences make for differentresponses.A great anmount of effort has been

devoted to deemonstrating the presenceor absence (according to the investi-gator's bias) of differences in painthreshold among Indians, Eskinios,Negroes, White subjects, North Eu-ropeans, South Europeans, men, woIml-en, the y'oung, the alged, trained anduntrained subjects, adapted and un-

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adapted subjects, and so on. Theenthusiast can "prove" about anythinghe wants to from this vast array ofdata [for references, see H. K. Beecher,Mea.s uremnent of Sutbjective Re.spon.ses:Quanttitative Efjecrv of Drugs (OxfordUniv. Press, 1959)]. It seems signifi-cant that no great difTerences havebeen uncovered and confirmed. Neithe.rare the data aLs constant as others wouldlike us to believe. Such differences asthere are, are not great ones. In thestudy discussed in my report in Scienice,the difference between the two groupswas tenfold. I am not at all certain howmuch faniiliarity Benj.amnin has with

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GET YOUR ADVANCE COPYof the General Program of the

AAAS New York Meetingby first class mail - early in December

The General Program of the 127th Meeting of the AAAS in New York, 26-31 December1960, will be available to you, at cost, writhin the first wveek in December-wvhether you can attenldthe Mleeting or not.

Program Coi1. The two-session AAAS General Symposium, "Moving

Frontiers of Science V"-Speakers: Edward Anders,H. W. Magoun, George Wald, and H. H. Goldstine;Thomas Park, presiding.

2. The "Challenge to Science" evening with Sir Charles P.Snow, Theodore MI. Hesburgh, and W. 0. Baker; War-ren Weaver, presiding.

3. On "AAAS Day," the three broad, interdisciplinary sym-posia-Plasma: Fourth State of Matter; Life under Ex-treme Conditions; and Urban Renewal and Develop-ment, arranged by AAAS Sections jointly.

4. The Special Sessions: AAAS Presidential Address andReception; Joint Address of Sigma Xi and Phi BetaKappa by Polykarp Kusch; the Tau Beta Pi Address;National Geographic Society Illustrated Lecture; and thefirst George Sarton Memorial Address by Rend Dubos.

5. The programs of all 18 AAAS Sections (specialized sym-posia and contributed papers).

6. The programs of the national meetings of the AmericanAstronomical Society, American Nature Study Society,American Society of Zoologists, History of Science So-ciety, National Association of Biology Teachers, ScientificResearch Society of America, Sigma Delta Epsilon, So-ciety for General Systems Research, Society for the Studyof Evolution, Society for the History of Technology,

Society of Systematic Zoology, and the Society of theSigma Xi.

7. The multi-sessioned special programs of the AmericanAssociation of Clinical Chemists, American Astronauti-cal Society, American Geophysical Union, AmericanPhysiological Society, American Psychiatric Association,American Society of Criminology, Association of Ameri-can Geographers, Ecological Society of America, Myco-logical Society of America, National Science TeachersAssociation, New York Academy of Sciences-and stillothers, a total of some 90 participating organizations.

8. The four-session program of the Conference on Scien-tific Communication: The Sciences in CommunistChina, cosponsored by the AAAS, NSF, and ten so-cieties.

9. The sessions of the Academy Conference, the Confer-ence on Scientific Manpower, and the conference ofthe American Council on Women in Science.

10. The sessions of the AAAS Cooperative Committee onthe Teaching of Science and Mathematics, and of theAAAS Committee on Science in the Promotion of Hu-man Welfare.

11. Titles of the latest foreign and domestic scientific filmsto be shown in the AAAS Science Theatre.

12. Exhibitors in the 1960 Annual Exposition of Scienceand Industry-103 booths-and descriptions of their ex-hibits.

Advance RegistrationAdvance registration has these decided advantages: (1) You avoid delay at the Registration Center upon arrival; (2)

You receive the General Program in ample time to decide, unhurriedly, which events and sessions you particularly wish toattend; (3) Your name is posted in the Visible Directory as the Meeting opens.

The following coupon may be used both by advance registrants and by those who wish onlythe advance copy of the General Program.

----------THIS IS YOUR COUPON FOR AN ADVANCE COPY OF THE GENERAL PROGRAM-------la. O Enclosed is $3.50 for my advance Registration Fee which brings me the General Program, Convention Badge, and

all privileges of the Meeting (50¢ is for first-class postage and handling).lb. O Enclosed is $2.50 for onlv the General Program. (It is understood that, if I should attend the Meeting later, the

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(May be added later, after arrival)Please mail this Coupon and your check or money order for the total amount to the

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE1515 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington 5, D.C.

1568 SCIENCE, VOL. 132

"clinical patients" in a large Americanmedical center of today. Certainlythey are unlike those of his nativeGermany and unlike those of Kashmir,India, where he practiced (dentistry).Since those days he has largely spenthis tinme in physiological laboratories(according to the recent edition ofAmolerican Men of Scien1ce). This is byno means to question his scientificstaltus. This information is merelyrelevant to the question he raised. IfBenjamin is trying to imply that theclinical patients are insensitive peas-ant types (if such exist), he is quitex,rong. They are familiar with life'sadv.aIntages and "sensitive" to them.While economiiic brackets are only oneitem in placing a man, I can point outthat these television-owning, auto-mlobile-driving clinical patients arecharged S27.00 per day for their bedsand they actually pay 70 percent ofthis, or $18.90 per day. It is impossibletfor me to believe that the tenifolddifference I showed could be explainedby any such nebulous possibility asSUggested by Benjamin.

There is an extraordinary constancyin the average response to morphineand to placebos, for exanmple, if onedleals wxith rather large groups of pa-tients, notwithstanding diverse back-grounds. Houde and Wallenstein, study-ing chronic pain in cancer patients.tound in 67 patients that 10 milligramsof morphine satisfactorily relieved ("re-lief" was carefully defined) 65 percent.Lasagna and Beecher found in groupsof postoperative patients of a similarsize in different years that 65.8 and69.3 percent, respectively, were relieved(relief" was carefully defined herealso) by 10 milligranms of morphine.Houde and Wallenstein found that aplacebo satisfactory relieved 42 per-cent of their patients: Lasagna andBeecher's figure was 39 percent. Hereare renmarkably similar results in groupsmx hose past experience, present situa-tion, aind future tare highly different.If the response to "observation andinterpretation of sensory phenomenon"are as labile as Benjamin believes, onewould have expected the lability toshow up in a comparison of theset\xo disparate groups. It did not.The "active" drugs aspect of my

report is pertinent to the present dis-cuLssion. The universal effect of mlor-phine in relieving more or less com-pletely the pain of a wound, in grad-Uate students as well as in all others(sophisticated or unsophisticated, itmlakes no difference), has been demiion-strated. But some 15 groups of investi-gators have now utterly failed todlemonstrate any dependable effective-ness of morphine on the experinmen-tally produced pain threshold in(usually) sophisticated subjects. Herewe find effectiveness in one instance25 NOVEMBER 1960

and lack of it in the other, in groupsof graduate students, depending onwhether or not the pain was of patho-logical origin or was experimentallycontrived. Benjanmin's thesis breaksdown here, for the effectiveness of themorphine was not determined by "dif-ferences in the psychological charac-teristics of the subjects differences indegree of scientific understanding andin the ability to make objective evalu-ation."To turn to another aspect of the

problem, Javert and Hardy found thatpain thresholds in clinical patientswere normal, in comparison withthresholds in v'olunteers in their ex-perinmental studies, for a group ofwomen before labor, during labor, andpost partlum. M4any other data couldbe cited to indicate that the differencepostulated by Benjamin has no support.

Benjamiiin speaks of the "ability ofthe subject to evaluate pain objec-tively." Pain is a subjective experience,subjectively evaluated. He refers againto "the ability to make objective evalu-ation," in his last sentence. I do notknow what he means by these state-ments and therefore cannot discussthemii.One can erect a thousand straw men

in this field, but if the tenfold differenceI showed in a very large number of in-dividuals is to be explained on anysuch vague basis as "psychologicalchairacteristics of the subjects differ-ences in degree of scientific understand-ing and in the ability to make objec-tive evaluation" (wxhatever that lastphrase means), there must be moreevidence than Benjamin has yet pro-duced to show, first, that these char-acteristics exist as determinants and,second, that they are relevant to thepresent study. I have indicated aboveseveral kinds of data to indicate thatthey are not of much importance, ifany, in the present connection.

HENRY K. BEECHERHariard Medic(il School,MassIacIhu.e/tts Getiercil HoIspital,Bo.s ton, MVassachusuetts

Sterilization of InterplanetaryVehicles

[he article by Phillips and Hoffman[Scienice 132, 991 ( 1960)] about thesterilization of interplanetary vehiclesposes some interesting and difficultproblenms as regaris one "comlponent"thalt will be engaged in space travel-namaely, man hiniself. Perhaps it is timethait thought and investigation be givento the production of germ-free hunmanbeings.

JACK DE MENTDe Menit Laborcatories,Por tland, Oregon

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No need to labor over glass balljoints or other intricate fittings orconnectors with the new BeckmanVari-Grip* Teflon Tube Fittings.Simply insert glass or metal tubinginto fitting and tighten nut for aperfect compression seal. Fittingdesign permits considerablevariation in tube size. Since Teflonis more inert than glass it isunaffected by most liquids andgases. A complete listing oftime-saving Beckman Vari-GripFittings by size, type, and price isavailable from authorized BeckmanlaboratorY apparatus dealers.Or write for Data File 38-48-09

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|||||||||||||POSITIONS WANTEDl||||||||||||Bacteriologist, M.S., 30-year-old male, 2 years ofindustrial experience. Desires industrial, re-search, or teaching position. Available imme-diately. Box 214, SCIENCE. X(a) Biochemistry Ph.D., bacteriology M.A. de-grees; clinical supervising, radioisotope and medi-cal experience; available for clinical or researchadministration appointment. (b) Zoology Ph.D.with radioisotope training and major interests inecology and hydrobiology; desires teaching orresearch appointment. S11-4 Medical Bureau,Inc., Science Division, Burneice Larson, Chair-man, 900 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago. XPlant Genetics, Ph.D., 1956; plant pathologyminor. Desires research and/or teaching position.Available upon reasonable notice. Box 215,SCIENCE. X

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ORGANIC CHEMIST recent Ph.D. Welloriented in organic synthesis. Small phar-maceutical research group. $8,000 start.

BIOCHEMIST recent Ph.D. with ability inenzyme chemistry, with isolation of pro-teins from natural sources. $8,000 start.

Write: Personnel Dept., Schieffelin and Co.,16 Cooper Square, New York 3, N. Y.

1570

PHYSIOLOGISTSOne of America's leadingmissile-space firms requiresthe services of physiologistsfor research in mannedspace systems. Qualifica-tions: Ph.D. or M.D., withspace medicine backgroundinvolving psychophysiologyof stress. Previous experi-ence necessary.

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(a) Biochemist; Ph.D. preferred, M.S. consideredto supervise busy section, laboratory directed bytwo pathologists; 300 beds, facilities for 500; to$12,000; residential city near university center;Mideast. (b) Bacteriologist; M.S., experiencedhospital bacteriology; new 350-bed general hos-pital; vicinity $6000; California coastal city. (c)Bacteriologist; M.S. to supervise department fullyapproved 300-bed general hospital; residentialcommunity near Chicago. (d) Biochemist; Ph.D.capable independent work; to $9600 and (e)Pharmacologist; Ph.D. experienced investigationautonamic drugs; supervisory opportunity; to$12,000; laboratory near Los Angeles. (f) Bac-teriologist; B.S., M.S., to head very busy de-partment; 500-bed general hospital; $6000 up;Ohio. (g) Biochemist; Ph.D., M.S., to head veryactive laboratory, 700-bed general hospital; South-west; to $10,000. Science Division, WoodwardMedical Bureau, 185 North Wabash, Chicago. X

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PHYSIOLOGISTExcellent opportunity for college graduate with courses in biochemistryand/or physiology who will engage in research in the physiology and phar-macology of the central nervous system. Position offers opportunity foradvancement and provides further training in experimental procedures.Good salary plus superior benefit program. Please send resume of jobs held,salaries earned, expected salary, and personal data or apply in person to:

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Writers-Medical EditorsAbstracters-Coders

Career opportunities with leading drug manu-facturer in rapidly expanding Medical Com-munications Department.REQUIREMENTS: Medical or scientific back-grounds, ability to compile, analyze, interpretand present clinical and scientific data withclarity and accuracy, retrieve informationmechanically.LOCATION: Lovely suburban community, 20miles from New York City.Send complete resume to: Mr. L. H. Taylor

LEDERLE LABORATORIESAmerican Cyanamid Company

Pearl River, New York-

YOU NEED THIS FREECATALOG FOR YOUR FILESSerums, antiserums and bloods -qof all kinds for technicians and tissue l

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