Mass Media and Holocaust Memory. Examples of the “Holocaust Metaphor”
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Transcript of Mass Media and Holocaust Memory. Examples of the “Holocaust Metaphor”
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Mass Media and Holocaust Memory
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Examples of the “Holocaust Metaphor”
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El Periódico, 2000
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Communicative Memory – everyday communication, temporal horizon of eighty to hundred years, strongly influenced by contemporaries of the remembered events. SHORT TERM MEMORY.
Cultural Memory – “body of reusable texts, images, and rituals specific to each society in each epoch, whose ‘cultivation’ serves to stabilize and convey that society’s self-image.” LONG TERM MEMORY. - (Equivalent to Tradition).
Source: Jan Assmann, “Collective Memory and Cultural Identity,” New German Critique 65 (1995), p. 132
Jan and Aleida Assmann
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“It is not the literal past that rules us. It is images of the past”
George Steiner
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How did commercial mass media influence Holocaust memory?
1959 1979 1991
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HOLOCAUST is an insult to
those who perished, and
those who survived. The
Holocaust has to be
remembered but not as a TV
Show.
Elie Wiesel (Survivor)
1979
SCHINDLER’S LIST is one of the most powerful films of all time, capturing the true horror of the Holocaust.
Anna Bergman (Survivor) 2013
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ARE ALL GENRES APPROPRIATE?
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Class debate: HOLOCAUST MADE IN HOLLYWOOD?
POSITIVE (Optimists) vs. NEGATIVE (Apocalyptics)
Further questions for discussion:
- Is there a “memory industry”? (Critical Theory)- Is there a serious memory vs. a trivial memory? - Is there true vs. false memory?- What are the effects of these representations? - Relation between comunicative memory and
cultural memory.- Do these products energize discourses of traumatic memories or block insight into specific and other histories (Huyssen).
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UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM
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“Even if the Holocaust has been endlessly commercialized, that does not mean that
all commercialization inevitably trivializes it as a historical event.
There is no pure space, existing outside the culture of commodities, no matter how
much we would like for it to exist. Thus, a great deal depends on the specific strategies
of representation and commercialization and the context in which both are
staged”
Andreas Huyesen
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POST-MEMORY Marianne Hirsch
Memory can be transmitted to those who were not actually there to live an event.
Post-memories are memories in their own right.
Post-memory marks a particular turn-of-century moment, marked by looking backward rather than ahead and defining the present in relation to a troubled past rather than initiating new paradigms.
Post-memory is a consequence of traumatic recall but (unlike post-traumatic stress disorder) at a generational remove.
Relationship to the formative events of the XX century has been defined by the powerful but mediated forms of knowledge