Mass Depopulation & Euthanasia Avian Euthanasia Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Mass...

Mass Depopulation & Euthanasia

Avian Euthanasia

Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia (2015)

• Euthanasia– Transitioning painlessly and stress-free

as possible

• Mass Depopulation– Large numbers, quickly and efficiently

– Consideration to welfare as practicable

• Terms used interchangeably here

USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian

Euthanasia and Depopulation

• May be practiced during an animal health emergency

• Goals of Euthanasia – Provide humane treatment

– Select acceptable method

–Minimize negative emotional impact

– Safeguard food chain

– Prevent or mitigate disease spread


Euthanasia and Depopulation

• Goal: Humane Treatment• Decrease animal stress, excitement• Competent, trained and experienced

personnel• Restrain without undue

injury or pain• Handle animals quietly

FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE- Avian

Handling

USDA APHIS and CFSPH

• Acceptable (noninhalant)• Conditionally acceptable• Adjunct• “Other”• Consider disease agent

when choosing method– Zoonotic potential


Euthanasia Methods

• Injectable barbituates• Barbituate derivates


Noninhalant Injectables

• Conditionally acceptable– Carbon dioxide

– Carbon monoxide

– Nitrogen

– Argon


Inhalant

• Conditionally acceptable– Cervical dislocation

– Decapitation

– Electrocution

– Gunshot

– Percussive stunning/Captive bolt

–Manually applied blunt force trauma


Physical Methods

• For mass/emergency depopulation–Water-based foam for land-based poultry

and waterfowl

– Ventilation shut down


Additional Methods

– Potassium chloride or magnesium sulfate • IV or Intracardiac

– Exsanguination (consider biosecurity)

– Bird MUST be unconscious


Adjunct Methods

• Small number of birds, companion birds

• Intraperitoneal injection– Nonirritating euthanasia agent

– Restrain with Ketamine hydrochloride, if necessary

– Death is prolonged when compared to intravenous methods


Injectable Chemical Agents

• CO2– used extensively

– Heavier than air, will remain near floor

• Nitrogen, argon– Specific gravity similar to air

– Does not sink

–Must be used in a completely closed system


Types of Gaseous Agents

• Should only be performed by well-trained individuals

• Only practical if:– Small birds

– Small number to be euthanized

– Tissues collection

• When learning technique, sedate or anesthetize birds first


Physical- Cervical Dislocation

• Not recommended in mass depopulation situations– Risk of disease spread

– Offensive

– Stressful to birds and responders

– Inefficient

–Welfare concerns


Physical- Decapitation

• Cash Poultry Killer (CPK)– Chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese

– Cartridge-powered • New cartridge for each use

• May overheat with continuous use

– Air-powered• Intended for production slaughter


Physical- Percussive Stunning

• Successfully used with poultry• Mobile electrical water bath systems– On-farm stunning, euthanasia

– Sufficient to kill without need for adjunct method

– Requires individual handling and leg-shackling necessary

• No existing electrocution mass depopulation systems in the U.S.


Physical- Electrocution

• Acceptable for small number of feral/wild birds that cannot be moved, trapped– Use appropriate shot size

• Acceptable for large birds or ratites


Physical- Gunshot

• Advantages:– Decreased labor

– Little/no bird handling

– Decreases dust

• Disadvantages:–Water supply

– Birds must be on floor


Water-Based Foam

• Confirmation of death can be difficult– Sustained lack of heartbeat and

respiration

– Rigor mortis

– Evaluate by competent, experienced personnel


Confirmation of Death

• FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia (MDE) (2015)– http://www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprep

• MDE web-based training module– http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/


For More Information

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprep

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprep

https://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/

Authors (CFSPH):• Reneé Dewell DVM,MS• Nichollette Rider, Veterinary Student

Significant contributions to the content were provided by USDA APHIS VS:• Lori P. Miller, PE• Darrel K. Styles, DVM, PhD


Guidelines Content

Acknowledgments

Development of this presentation was

by the Center for Food Security and

Public Health at Iowa State University

through funding from the USDA APHIS

Veterinary Services

PPT Authors: Dawn Bailey, BS; Kerry Leedom Larson, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPM

Reviewers: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM: Cheryl L. Eia, JD, DVM, MPH, Patricia Futoma, BS, Veterinary Student, Reneé

Dewell DVM,MS

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