AP  Psychology,  Lallemand,  14-­‐15  

History  and  Perspectives  Notes  Organizer                 Name:              AP  Psychology    College  Board  Learning  Objectives  (2-­4%)   Recognize  how  philosophical  and  physiological  perspectives  shaped  the  development  of  psychological  thought.   Describe  and  compare  different  theoretical  approaches  in  explaining  behavior:  

o Structuralism,  functionalism,  and  behaviorism  in  the  early  years;  o Gestalt,  psychoanalytic/psychodynamic,  and  humanist  emerging  later;  o Evolutionary,  biological,  cognitive,  and  biopsychosocial  as  more  contemporary  approaches.  

Recognize  the  strengths  and  limitation  of  applying  theories  to  explain  behavior.   Distinguish  the  different  domains  of  psychology  (e.g.  biological,  clinical,  cognitive,  counseling,  developmental,  educational,  experimental,  

human  factors,  industrial-­‐organizational,  personality,  psychometric,  social).   Identify  the  major  historical  figures  in  psychology  (e.g.  Mary  Whiton  Calkins,  Charles  Darwin,  Dorothea  Dix,  Sigmund  Freud,  G.  Stanley  Hall,  

William  James,  Ivan  Pavlov,  Jean  Piaget,  Carl  Rogers,  B.F.  Skinner,  Margaret  Floy  Washburn,  John  B.  Watson,  Wilhelm  Wundt).*  *Italicized  names  will  be  covered  later  in  the  course.    HISTORY  OF  PSYCHOLOGY  Wave   Memory  Phrase   Perspectives   People   Notes  to  Remember  0   Before  “Psychology”  

was  a  term  None   Socrates  and  Plato  

   Descartes      John  Locke    

 

Structuralism              

 1   What  vs.  Why  

Functionalism              

 

AP  Psychology,  Lallemand,  14-­‐15  

2   More  than  a  Sum  of  its  Parts  

(Gestalt)   Max  Wertheimer        

 

3   The  Commoner’s  Psychology  

Psychodynamic/  Psychoanalysis  

         

 

4   Where’s  the  Science   Behaviorism              

 

5   Current  Day      

  SEE  BELOW  

     7  PERSPECTIVES  OF  MODERN  DAY  PSYCHOLOGY  Perspective   People   Focus   Questions  Humanisitc    

   

         

How  can  we  work  toward  fulfilling  our  potential?  How  can  we  overcome  barriers  to  our  personal  growth?    

Psychodynamic/  Psychoanalytic  

     

         

How  can  someone’s  personality  traits  and  disorders  be  explained  by  unfulfilled  wishes  and  childhood  traumas?    

Biologic/  Neuroscience/  Biophysiological  

             

�How  are  nervous  signals  passed?  What  part  of  the  brain  is  functioning  when?  How  is  blood  chemistry  linked  with  mood  or  motive?  To  what  extent  is  our  personality  or  intelligence  due  to  genes?  The  environment?  

AP  Psychology,  Lallemand,  14-­‐15  

Evolutionary        

         

How  does  evolution  influence  behavior  tendencies?  

Behaviorial        

         

How  do  we  learn  to  fear  particular  objects  or  situations?  What  is  the  most  effective  way  to  alter  behavior?    

Cognative        

         

How  do  we  use  information  in  remembering?  Reasoning?  Solving  problems?    

Sociocultural        

         

How  are  we  alike  as  members  of  one  human  family?  How  do  we  differ  as  a  product  of  our  environment?    

 #8…BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL    

 Meyers,  D.  G.  and  Fineburg,  A.  C.  (2014).  Psychology  for  AP.  New  York,  NY:  Worth.  

AP  Psychology,  Lallemand,  14-­‐15