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![Page 1: Martin.becker@iese.fraunhofer.de Software Architecture and Technology for AAL Martin Becker Dagstuhl Seminar AAL 16.11.2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d425503460f94a1db54/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Software Architecture and Technology for AAL
Martin Becker
Dagstuhl Seminar AAL16.11.2007
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering
•Kaiserslautern, Germany•180 Employees•Applied Research & TT in Systems & Software Engineering•International Positioning
•USA, Hungary, India, Japan, and Korea
• Innovative Cooperation Model•“Research Labs”
• High International Reputation in “Systems & Software Engineering”
•No. 1 in Europe (JSS, 2005)
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Content
• Ambient Assisted Living (AAL)
• Architectural Considerations
• Promising Technology
• Remarks, Questions & Wrap Up
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Ambient Assisted Living (AAL)
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Ambient Assisted Living (AAL)
Equipment and services for the independent living of people, via the seamless integration of info-communication technologies within homes and extended homes, thus increasing their quality of life and autonomy and reducing the need for being institutionalised [source: www.aal169.org]
Goals:
• Increase quality of life
• Reduce need for external assistance
• Reduce health and care costs for the individual and the society
• Avoid stigmatisation
• Ease human care
Goals:
• Increase quality of life
• Reduce need for external assistance
• Reduce health and care costs for the individual and the society
• Avoid stigmatisation
• Ease human care
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
AAL Landscape
Home
ExtendedHome
Health & Care
Safety, Security &
PrivacyServices & Goods
Social Environment
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
AAL Landscape
Home
ExtendedHome
Health & Care
Safety, Security &
PrivacyServices & Goods
Social Environment
Hospital
EmergencyService
Med. PractitionerHomeCare
Reha
DomoticHousehold
Goods Delivery
Mobility Wellness
Social Interaction
Services
SecurityService
Poor integration in overlapping areas
this time
Poor integration in overlapping areas
this time
Big Bang will failBig Bang will fail
Where to start first?Where to start first?
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Projects: BelAmI
Bilaterial German-Hungarian Collaboration on Ambient Intelligence Systems
Research Activities in- Microelectronics and Sensors: Low power systems,
dynamic sensors networks
- Mobile Communication: Adaptive QoS
- Software Engineering: Dynamic reconfigurable architectures, context awareness, resource optimized programming
- Human Computer Interaction: Usability engineering for flexible and adaptive systems, adaptive HCI
- Safety&Security: Analysis and engineering techniques for safe, secure and dependable AmI applications
- System and Software Integration: Position, activity and vital data tracking technology, integration into AAL system architecture and application
Application domain: Assisted living
- Home care assistance in daily routine + health monitoring
Application domain: Assisted living
- Home care assistance in daily routine + health monitoring
Funding: BMBF, RLP, FhG
Duration: 10.2004 – 09.2008
Partners: Fh IESE, TU-KL, BayAmI, TU Budapest, Uni Szeged
Funding: BMBF, RLP, FhG
Duration: 10.2004 – 09.2008
Partners: Fh IESE, TU-KL, BayAmI, TU Budapest, Uni Szeged
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Assisted Living Lab
• "Demonstrator-driven" research closely related to application
• Integration of partial solutions together with research and industrial partners
• Realistic simulation of the environment
- Requirements elicitation
- Testing of individual technologies (prototypes)
• Pre-studies for field tests
• Evaluation of safety and security, reliability, accuracy, usability, speed, acceptance (before operation)
Partners:• Partners from Industry and Research• Hospital (Westpfalz-Klinkum): Medical
Expertise, User Representative• Nursing Home (Westpfalz-Klinikum):
Users, Real Life• Emergency Medical Service
(Rettungsleitstelle Kaiserslautern): Acute Medical Competence Centre
Partners:• Partners from Industry and Research• Hospital (Westpfalz-Klinkum): Medical
Expertise, User Representative• Nursing Home (Westpfalz-Klinikum):
Users, Real Life• Emergency Medical Service
(Rettungsleitstelle Kaiserslautern): Acute Medical Competence Centre
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
AAL Service Classification
predictiondetection
prevention
drinking eating
cleaning cooking dressing
medication
logistic servicesservices for finding things
infotainment services
predictiondetection
prevention
shopping traveling banking
transportation servicesnavigation services
EmergencyTreatment
AutonomyEnhancement
Comfort
Indoor
Outdoor
• Dependance decreases to the right
• Relevance of a function can change over time (e.g., communication service)
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Assisted Living Lab
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Projects: EMERGE
Funding: EU IST-045056
Duration: 02.2007 – 10.2009
Partners: FhG IESE, Siemens, Westpfalz-Klinikum, NCSR Demokritos, EMIC, e-ISOTIS, AoT, Bay Zoltan, Med. Uni. Graz
Funding: EU IST-045056
Duration: 02.2007 – 10.2009
Partners: FhG IESE, Siemens, Westpfalz-Klinikum, NCSR Demokritos, EMIC, e-ISOTIS, AoT, Bay Zoltan, Med. Uni. Graz
Application domain: Emergency assistance in the home environment
Application domain: Emergency assistance in the home environment
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Projects: AmbiComp
Objective:
Streamline Development of AmI/AAL Solutions
Low cost / high quality solutions
•Development of „AmI Construction Set“:
•Software Engineering Method (Dynamic Integration, Adaptivity, …)
•Software: Development Platform
•Reusable Components
•Development Environment
•Hardware: wireless Nodes with BT/Zigbeeand Infrared Communication
Objective:
Streamline Development of AmI/AAL Solutions
Low cost / high quality solutions
•Development of „AmI Construction Set“:
•Software Engineering Method (Dynamic Integration, Adaptivity, …)
•Software: Development Platform
•Reusable Components
•Development Environment
•Hardware: wireless Nodes with BT/Zigbeeand Infrared Communication
Funding: BMBF-SE2006
Duration: 05.2006 – 12.2008
Partners: Universität Karlsruhe, Beecon GmbH, Alcatel SEL AG, Fraunhofer IESE, Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart
Funding: BMBF-SE2006
Duration: 05.2006 – 12.2008
Partners: Universität Karlsruhe, Beecon GmbH, Alcatel SEL AG, Fraunhofer IESE, Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart
Application domain: Safety and Security (intelligent fire alarm)
Application domain: Safety and Security (intelligent fire alarm)
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Architectural Considerations
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Required QualitiesUsability
Dependability & Privacy
Controlability
Affordability
Extensibility
PersonalizationAnticipatory
Integratability
Changability
Accessability
User Experienc
eSuitability
Relevance to achievement of
user goals?
Relevance to achievement of
user goals?
Quality tradeoffs!Quality tradeoffs!
Quality model required!Quality model required!
Performance
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
HumanCapabilities
perfect
existingdisabilities
normal
critical
time
ht = ft (p1, p2, . . . . , pn)
a
b
c
emergency
Human Capability Model
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Closed Loop Controller
Sensing
Perception
Identification Assisting
Acting
Controlling
Knowledge
Information
Data
Feedback enableslearning!
Feedback enableslearning!
• Information: Activities, Position, Vital Data
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
AAL System – an intelligent environment
AmiNode
User
Interaction
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© Fraunhofer IESE 2007
Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
• Separate the contract from the implementation Loose-coupling
• Allows alternate implementations
• Dynamically discover and bind available implementations
• Based on contract (interface)
• Components are reusable
• Static vs. dynamic binding
Service Contract
Componentprovides
uses
Virtualization!Virtualization! Events?Events? QoS?End-to-End?
QoS?End-to-End?
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
World is changing
watchTV watchTVcontrolhome
monitoractivity
Cost sharing?Cost sharing?
Revenue sharing?Revenue sharing?
1:n
1:1
n:m
n:m
Money is made with services!
Money is made with services!
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Peer-To-Peer
• peer-to-peer computer network exploits diverse connectivity
• cumulative bandwidth of network participants
• equal peer nodes
• ad hoc networking
• interesting qualities: robustness, performance
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Other Relevant Styles
• Event Driven Architecture
• Multi Agent Systems
• Enterprise Service Bus
• Service Area Networks
• Service Oriented Device Architecture (SODA)
QoS managementwill be central
QoS managementwill be central
Some of these styles will converge
Some of these styles will converge
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Conceptual Organisation
AssistedPerson
1..*
1..*
3 provide assistance
1..*
1..*
3 provide assistance
Doctor
EMS
1..* 1..*
3 provide assistance
1..*1..*provide assistance4
1..*1..*provide assistance4
AssistedPersonAssistant
DoctorAssistant
EMSAssistant
Structure systemlike real world!
Structure systemlike real world!
Easy to understand!
Easy to understand!
AAL System
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Context-Awareness
• “…Context is any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity. An entity is a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between a user and an application, including the user and application themselves.”
• “…Context-awareness is a property of a system that uses context to provide relevant information and/or services to the user, where relevancy depends on the user’s task.” [Anind Dey]
• Types: Device, User, Physical Context is key!Context is key!
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Context-Awareness
ContextManager
ContextProvider
ContextListener
ContextAggregator
-provider
*
-listener
*
ContextAdmin
ContextAccess
Component
registeraccess
Contextmanages
«meta»ContextModel
1
*
defines
• All components can provide/use context• Context can be exchanged between Nodes information distribution• Processed information can be considered as context• Context Manager Information broker
Some kind of blackboardcan be realized!
Some kind of blackboardcan be realized!
Meta-model required!AAL concept model?
Meta-model required!AAL concept model?
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Context-Awareness
• Any data flow can be realized
• Access of data can be controlled by context management
• Context will become very important
• Quality of context has to be considered: precision, reliability, cost
P
A
L
P P
A L
Standard formats?Standard formats?
What is context?What is context?
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Adaptation Support
• Support external and self-adaptation (adaptivity)
• Treat adaptation / adaptivity as an aspect (orthogonal)
Component AdaptationModel
0..1
AdaptationManagerConfigurator
0..*
AdaptationAdmin
register
ApplicationReconfiguration
configures
ContextListenerGlobal optimization!Global optimization! Consistentoptimization!
Consistentoptimization!
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Promising Technology
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Middleware
• provide complete decentralized communication among components
• provide extensibility and exchangeability
• provide conflict resolution
• Technologies: RMI, Corba, HAVi, Jini, JXTA, UPnP, OSGi, …
Hardware
OS
Middleware
Application
Node
Hardware
Device
Platform := Hardware + OS
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
JXTA
• open source, peer-to-peer protocol
• by Sun Microsystems in 2001
• set of XML messages
• any device connected to a network can exchange messages and collaborate independently of the underlying network topology
• most mature general purpose P2P framework
Conflict Management?Conflict Management?
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
UPnP – Universal Plug and Play
• a set of computer network protocols
• offers an easy way to connect electronic devices on a local network
• without any user configuration
• simple control possibilities for the services of the networked devices by a Control Point
• an ISO standard
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
UPnP features
• Service discovery
• Media and device independence
• Operating system and programming language independence
• Internet-based technologies (IP, TCP, UDP, HTTP, and SOAP, XML)
• Extensibility Conflict Management?Conflict Management?
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
• Problems of nowadays:
- Increased functionality, software complexity
- Shortened product cycles
- Different manufacturers, interoperability problems
• The solution:
- OSGi technology is the dynamic module system for Java™ universal middleware
provides the standardized primitives for the collaborative components
change the composition dynamically without requiring restarts
provides a service-oriented architecture
enables these components to dynamically discover each other for collaboration
OSGi
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
The buildup of the OSGi system
• System services
• OSGi Framework
• Bundels
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
OSGI framework
• provides a standardized environment to applications (called bundles)
• The layers:
- L0: Execution Environment
- L1: Modules: defines the class loading policies
- L2: Life Cycle Management
- L3: Service Registry
• Founds the basis of Eclipse IDE
- no model break
- enables continuous, holistic engineering
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Dagstuhl Seminar AALDagstuhl
Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
OSGI Framework
• Allows applications to share a single Java VM
• Classloading
• Isolation/Security
• Communication & Collaborations between applications
• Life cycle management
• Policy freeHardware
BundleBundleBundleBundle
BundleBundle
Operating System
OSGi
Java VM
Bundle (Application)Bundle (Application)
Driver Driver Driver
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
BELAMI OSGI Platform/Overview
• dynamic reconfiguration
• model based adaptation
TCP/IPOSGi
R-OSGi
BELAMI Platform
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
AMIGO
• usability of a networked home system
• developing open, standardized, interoperable middleware
• service discovery and service composition strategies
• each component is responsible for the application of such strategies
• strategies are not public or transparent to the application developers
• semantic description of services
• some components will be publicly availableNice documentation!Nice documentation!
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
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AMIGO
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
DynaMITE
• component topologies, which are determined by a data flow model
• components: multimodal input and output, dialogue, strategy components, actuators. The different
• semantic channels:
- define specific strategies for distributing messages
- enable the cooperation of components and the fragmentation of messages into sub-messages
• strategies can be implemented in a distributed way across the software infrastructure
Output
OutputEvents
Input
InputEvents
Dialoge Strategy Actuator
Goals Actions
QoS?QoS?
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
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Other Middleware Approaches
• AlarmNet, EASY-LINE+, I2Home, I-LIVING, INHOME, INTERPLAY, LARES, MONAMI, MPOWER, NETCARITY, OASIS, OLDES, Oxygene, PERSONA, SENSACTION-AAL, SOPPRANO …
• Specific qualities
• No One-Size-Fits-All
• Middleware should be an open standard
Cope with several middlewares!
Cope with several middlewares!
Be prepared for change!Be prepared for change!
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Sementic Web Models
• Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• data interchange formats
• RDF Schema (RDFS)
• Web Ontology Language (OWL)
- formal description of concepts, terms, and relationships within a given knowledge domain
If not applicable, at least some concepts can be used!
If not applicable, at least some concepts can be used!
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Context Models
• Standard Ontology for Ubiquitous and Pervasive Applications (SOUPA)
- Person, Policies, Agent & Belief-Desire-Intentions, Time, Space, Events
• Context Ontology (CONON)
- RDF based
- computational entity, location, person, and activity
• …[conon]
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Context Management Systems
• u2m.org [PhD Heckmann]
- manages information about users, about their contexts and the, situation in general
• SOCAM
- rapid prototyping of context-aware services based on CONON
• AMIGO
- well defined interfaces
• …
[Amigo]
quality is oftenunclear
quality is oftenunclear
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Remarks, Questions& Wrap Up
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Some remarks
• Clearly separate architecture and technology
- it should be possible
• Separate function (service) and data (context)
- they evolve differently
• Separate between devices and services
- greater flexibility
- ease integration, better interoperability
• Providing technology is not enough
- specifications (function, quality), proof of value are required
• Go for standardized interfaces and information exchange
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Some Questions
• How to get a sound domain/feature model of AAL?
• Who architects the holistic AAL system?
- we will provide only components to it
- we would profit from standardized interfaces
• Who manages the architecture?
• Who assesses the suitability of technology
We could as a Community do some!
We could as a Community do some!
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Wrap up
• Promising technology is available
- its applicability is unclear (context dependence, quality)
• Integration of solutions is possible
- but at what quality (effort)?
• Personalized infomation will be key
- how to keep in control of it
• From devices to services
- new business models required
• Proposal: set up a interdisciplinary AAL network with a clear shaped mission
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
AAL Innovation Model
[ www.aal169.org]
We can to matchboth worlds
We can to matchboth worlds
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
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Stand der Dinge
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Software Technology: Challenges and Opportunities
16.11.2007
Thank you for your attention
Any Questions
or Comments