Martin Luther/ Martin Luther King Jr. White German White German Lived in Germany in the 1500s Lived...
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Transcript of Martin Luther/ Martin Luther King Jr. White German White German Lived in Germany in the 1500s Lived...
Martin Luther/Martin Luther King Jr.
White German Lived in Germany in the 1500s Was a Catholic priest who nailed
95 theses on a church door stating that he wanted to debate 95 teachings of the Catholic Church – specifically what is required to “go to heaven”
Was excommunicated and ended up starting his own “Lutheran” Church. His legacy opened the door to others who then also protested against the Catholic Church and started other “Protestant” churches like Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist, etc.
Black American Lived in the United States in the
1900s Was a Baptist preacher who
wanted to debate the issue of racial inequality in the United States
Led the civil rights movement in the United States that brought about significant changes to existing discriminatory policies that had unfairly punished minorities
Martin Luther and the Protestant REFORMATION
(reforming churches – or making new churches)
As a result of the printing press; bibles became available and people started
reading it. Disagreements broke out over what the
Bible really said
Martin Luther: protesting and reforming thinking
about God and church
Martin Luther: was the instigator of the
Protestant Reformation The Protestant Reformation was the religious
movement of the 16th century (1500s) that began as an attempt to reform or improve the Catholic Church but resulted in the excommunication of Luther and the creation of new Protestant churches (Lutheran, Baptist, Methodist, etc.)
Finish these sentences
Luther’s 95 theses were…. Martin Luther believed…. Protestants…. 2 reasons people went with Luther’s church
were…. 2 countries that are predominantly catholic are 2 countries that are predominantly Protestant
are
Finish these sentences
Henry the VIII… England is not Catholic because…
The Protestant Reformation was people protesting against the Catholic Church and starting new non-catholic churches like the Lutheran Church, the Methodist Church, Anglican Church, etc.
Martin Luther was a smart Catholic Priest and university professor who knew the bible really well.
He was mad at many of the teachings and things that the Church was doing
So he wanted to start a debate to help expose the Church’s errors and improve the Church
So he nailed 95 theses (issues) that he wanted to debate the church on to the door of a church in Germany challenging the Church to
a debate
What got Luther mad?
The Selling of Indulgences: indulgences (special prayers prayed by the
church that reduced someone’s time in Purgatory
Purgatory: a place in-between earth and Heaven where Catholics had their bad things beat out of them so that they would be clean to go to heaven
Beliefs of the time Catholic Church Martin Luther
The teachings of the Pope and Church teachings are just as valid as whatever it says in the Bible
Selling indulgences and the doctrine of Purgatory are legitimate because the Church says so
Membership in the Catholic Church, and doing good works is required to go to heaven
You need a priest to teach you – You need to confess your sins to a priest
Reading and interpreting a bible on your own is forbidden
You need the Church to do ‘last rights’ to go to heaven
The Bible is above the Pope and the Church’s teachings – if it’s not in the Bible then It’s not valid
indulgences and Purgatory are not in the Bible so they are not valid
SALVATION: How you get into Heaven
Your faith alone in Jesus Christ – his forgiveness of your sins, gets a person into heaven –not membership in the Catholic Church or the works that you do.
A person can’t buy indulgences as a way to heaven.
You are your own priest – you stand before God on your own – you can read the bible for yourself – confess your own sins
Instead of asking the question, “ are you Catholic or Christian?”
Instead ask
“are you Catholic or Protestant?”
responding to all this, Pope Leo X issued a decree threatening Luther with “excommunication” if he didn’t “Recant”
Luther, didn’t budge one inchInstead, his students cheered as he threw the Pope’s warning into a bonfire
Charles the V – the 20 year old ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) then ordered Luther to stand trial at the German city of WormsThere he also told Luther to “recant”. Again, Luther refused stating,“I am bound by the scriptures and my conscience is captive to the word of God. I cannot and will not retract anything….”
Charles V then declared Luther a heretic, ordered his writings to be burned and made it against the law for anyone to give him food or shelter
The Inquisition Church courts
that investigated and prosecuted persons accused of heresy
Many times they used torture to get accused persons to ‘recant’ or take-back what they had said or taught
Heresy or heretics
People who taught things that were different from official church teaching
Heretics were taken before the Inquisition and given opportunities to recant – many times tortured
If they did not recant they were declared a heretic – (devil/witch) and burned at the stake
Knowing that it was only a matter of time before Luther would be tried and burned at the stake;Frederick the Wise of Saxony (a German province)
had a group of hooded men capture (rescue) Luther hide him away in Frederick’s castle. Luther was in hiding for over a year. There he translated the New Testament from Latin into German so that regular people could start reading it
Eventually a war broke out in Germany over the Martin Luther issueThe war pitted those provinces (states) who remained loyal to the Catholic Church VS.the provinces who wanted to break with the Catholic Church and go with Luther’s religion
Those princes whose provinces protested against the Church were called “protestants” The war lasted over 15 years and the Catholics won.
The two sides finally sat down at the peace table – The Peace of Augsburg allowed each province to choose the Church that it wanted in it’s province:The Catholic Church or Luther’s Church (Lutheran)
The Spread of Protestantism
Reasons certain rulers chose Protestantism
#1. They agreed with Luther’s interpretation of the Bible – things like you are your own priest, etc
#2. other rulers chose to go with Protestantism so that they wouldn’t have to follow the Pope and Bishops or pay tithes (10%) to the Catholic church
Spread of Protestantism
This new wave of Lutheranism spread northward into Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
Because Luther stood up to the Catholic Church and wasn’t burned as a heretic
this created a whole “protestant” movement throughout Europe
Soon you had John Calvin starting another church in Geneva, Switzerland.
John Knox took his thinking to Scotland where they became the Presbyterian Church.
Anabaptists were a totally new sect that began springing up all over Germany and France.
The Spread of Protestantism
Because of all this fighting between Catholics and Protestants – many groups began thinking about moving to America where they could be thousands of miles away from Rome and start over doing church without all the religious drama.
One of the first groups to follow their dreams were the “Pilgrims”/or Puritans
England/Great Britain/United Kingdom (U.K)
King Henry the VIII (8th) Strong Catholic Hates Martin Luther Wants a son! His wife Catherine (Catholic from
Spain) gave him a daughter but can’t get pregnant again
Henry asks the pope for an “anulment” (softer than a divorce) – pope refuses
So Henry quits the Catholic Church and starts the Church of England (Anglican Church)
Henry the VIII of England Henry wants a son (heir) and
Catherine is 42 and not cooperating.
The pope won’t give Henry an annulment (divorce) – so ….
He creates a Church of England (Anglican Church) and makes the monarch of England over it so that he can get a divorce
England is not Catholic because Henry the VIII wanted a divorce and the pope wouldn’t give it to him
Wives of Henry the VIII Catherine of Aragon (Mary’s
reign 1553-1558) Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth’s reign
1558 -1603) Jane Seymour (Edward’s reign
1547-1553) Anne of Cleaves Catherine Howard Catherine Parr
Mary
Elizabeth
Edward
Elizabeth I
Daughter of Anne Boleyn
Never married (Virgin queen)
Kept England Protestant
Defeated the Spanish Armada
Loved in England
The Spread of Protestantism
Assignment: read pages 492-493 and answer this question:
Write at least 1 paragraph explaining
Why is England protestant and not Catholic?
The Catholic or “counter reformation”
Furious about Martin Luther and all these “protestants” leaving the Catholic church
The Catholic Church decided to FIGHT BACK
This Catholic reformation was begun by Ignatius Loyola
He developed a system of daily religious exercises: things like meditation, prayer and study.
Over the next couple of years he gained a great deal of followers.
Later the Pope created a religious order of “super Catholics” or Jesuits
Strong in mind and duty-many missionaries were Jesuits
The Church decided a few official doctrines during this time:
1. The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final. No individual person could interpret the Bible
2. Christians needed faith and good works to get to heaven (Luther had said faith alone saves people)
3. The Bible and Church teaching were equal authority
4. Selling indulgences was o.k. They also banned and burned many
books and stopped people from printing bibles so people would not read them
Inquisition or church “torture” courts were put in every country
Catholic ChurchMission / Priests
SPANISH MISSIONS