Martin Frimmer ([email protected]) Photonics Laboratory of … · 2019-08-13 · Welcome! 2 Martin...

Welcome!

www.photonics.ethz.ch 1

Martin Frimmer ([email protected])Photonics Laboratory of Prof. Lukas NovotnyHPP, floor M

Welcome!


Martin Frimmer ([email protected])Photonics Laboratory of Prof. Lukas NovotnyHPP M24

Nano-optics studies light-matter interactions on the sub-wavelength scale. The goal of this course is to quantitatively understand the fundamental concepts of nano-optics, including

• Superresolution microscopy

• Quantum light sources

• Optical antennas

• Optical forces

• …

Administrative details

• Besides lecture, website is most important source of informationwww.photonics.ethz.ch Education Nano-Optics

• Components of course1. Lecture2. Homework problems3. Research/Lab project

• Grading


http://www.photonics.ethz.ch/

Administrative details: Lecture

Lecture

• Lecture slides will be online (just) before lecture

• Ask questions! If there is no time, we’ll let you know.


Nano-Optics

Electromagnetism

Quantum mechanics

Chemistry

Electrical engineering

Mathematics

Biology

Thermodynamics

Mechanics

Administrative details: 4 homework problems


Administrative details: Lab/Research Projects

• Each student is required to do 1 Research or 1 Lab Project

• You will work in teams of 3—5 students

• Lab projects involve lab work (around 3 afternoons at Hönggerberg)

• Research projects are theoretical

• Projects are rounded off by a report

• Projects are supervised by a member of the Photonics Lab

• Projects leave space for your own ideas: Use it!

• Check website for project descriptions

• Send an Email with your 3 preferred projects (in order of preference) to [email protected] until Wednesday, 03 Oct 2018


mailto:[email protected]

Administrative details: Grades

• Exams will take place during first weeks of January


Why nano-optics?

• The energy scale of our interest corresponds to about 1 µm wavelength

• The length scales of scientific and technological interest are approaching the atomic scale Read Feynman’s talk “There is plenty of room at the bottom.”

We need to control electromagnetic fields and their interaction with matter at sub-λ scales.


10 eV1 eV100 meV

kT Ry

ionizing

Thermal noise

LIFE

1 nm 1 m

Size mismatch

On the menu today

• Motivation: Why nano-optics?

• Repetition: electromagnetism

• Optical imaging:

• Focusing by a lens

• Angular spectrum

• Paraxial approximation

• Gaussian beams

• The diffraction limit

• Fluorophores

• Example: Fluorescence microscopy

• Example: STED microscopy

• Example: Localization microscopy

• Example: Scanning probe microscopy


Maxwell’s equation


Oliver Heaviside

• P(E) and M(B) are material properties.




Spectral representation:




For monochromatic fields:

Constitutive relations


For linear, isotropic, non-chiral materials in the absence of spatial dispersion:

The Helmholtz equation and plane waves


Dispersion relation:

Plane waves: Speed of light:

Refractive index:

H

E

k

(E, H, k) are mutually orthogonal for

from

wavelength

period

Phase velocity

follows

from follows

real valued

Evanescent waves


dispersion relation:

for

How do you generate evanescent waves?

On the menu today

• Motivation: Why nano-optics?

• Repetition: electromagnetism

• Optical imaging:

• Focusing by a lens

• Angular spectrum

• Paraxial approximation

• Gaussian beams

• The diffraction limit

• Fluorophores

• Example: Fluorescence microscopy

• Example: STED microscopy

• Example: Localization microscopy

• Example: Scanning probe microscopy


How does focusing by a lens work?


x

Intensity

Boundless.com



x

q1 = ± 45°

kk k

Intensity



x

q1 = 0°, ±45°

kkk

k

Intensity



x

q1 = 0°, ±15°, ±30°, ±45°,

±60°, ±75°+apodization

Intensity

Martin Frimmer ([email protected]) Photonics Laboratory of … · 2019-08-13 · Welcome! 2 Martin...

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