Martial Bernoux - Ciradcsa2015.cirad.fr/var/csa2015/storage/fckeditor/file/L2.1b Bernoux... ·...

Parallel session L2.1: Developing and evaluating climate‐smart practices

Evaluating agricultural mitigation and scaling up climate‐smart practices

using the FAO EX‐Ante Carbon‐balance Tool

Parallel sessions L2Climate‐smart Strategies

Martial Bernoux

Louis BockelUwe Grewer

Jean‐Luc FrançoisNicolas Rossin

Ademola Braimoh

Evaluating agricultural mitigation and scaling up climate‐smart practices using the FAO EX‐Ante Carbon‐balance Tool

Share of GHG

Adapted from 5th IPCC Assessment Report – WG3 – Chapter 1 (2014)

Total emissions in 2010 (49,5 Billions tons of CO2‐eq)

23%

1%

Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)

Energy (35%)

Transportation (14%)

Construction (6%)

Industries and Waste (21%

Background


Background

Total emissions in 2010 (49,5 Billions tons of CO2‐eq)

23%

AFOLU/LULUCF

Annual average for 2000‐2010

(Billions tons of CO2‐eq)

Agriculture : 5,0 to 5,8

Land‐use change: 4,3 to 5,5

For last décade:

CO2: at least 10% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions

CH4: ~ 50% of anthropogenic CH4 emissionsN2O: ~ 60% of anthropogenic N2O emissions

Adapted from 5th IPCC Assessment Report – WG3 – Chapter 1 (2014) and WG1‐ Chapter 6

AFOLU concerned by all GHGShare of GHG


Background AFOLU is also mitigation

SourcesSinks


Terrestrial Sinks

CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2CO2

CO2CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2

Background


Background

SourcesSinks

How to correctly account for sources and sinks?


Background A full landscape approach is needed

How to double the production?

GHG(tCO2‐eq)

Option A Option B


Background A full landscape approach is needed

How to double the production?Option A Option B

Option A?

or

Option B? ??

Inputs Energy LivestocksLUC

Needs to account for all land‐use changes, managements options, inputs, livestock,…


Background GHG and C‐balance have become essential


Background GHG and C‐balance have become essential

Policy

Research

Private Sector Developpement

Civil Society

Finance


2008 2009 2010

Concept note

Tool design

Pilot desk and field cases:Tanzania, Brazil, Eritrea, Madagascar, China

EX‐ACT v1Tech. GuidelinesUser guides

Peer review

EX‐ACT v2Web site

A simple tool to provide rapid ex‐ante estimations of the impact of agriculture andforestry development projects on GHG emissions and carbon sequestration, butusing data already available (cost‐effective) within classical formulation orevaluation of existing project.

EX‐ACT EX‐ACT was proposed by FAO as a suitable tool


2008 2009 2010

EX‐ACT

One tool, several potentials

Putting forward externalities

Anticipating GHG and carbon impacts of

agriculture and forestry activities in a development

context

Strengthening value chains

Helping to get additional funding

Helping policy decision‐making

A tools for teachers

Scaling up and interaction

EX‐ACT was continuously updated to adapt to the needs


EX‐ACT A Simple tool (Excel® file) and freely available

Grassland LivestockStart Description Land Use

ChangeCrop

productionInputs

InvestmentsLand

degradation

Localization

Soil

Climate

Default agroecologicalzones and EF

and coefficients

Description Default coefficients (tier 1 approach) are from widely accepted methodologies




ChangeCrop

productionInputs

InvestmentsLand

degradation

Localization

Soil

Climate


and coefficients

Description Default coefficients (tier 1 approach) are from widely accepted methodologies

But the user have always use other values either from direct measurements either from other sources




ChangeCrop

productionInputs

InvestmentsLand

degradation

5 major categories

ResultsLocalization

Soil

Climate


and coefficients

2. Land Use ChangeDeforestation Reforestation Other

3. Crop production

Annual crops Perennial crops Irrigated rice

4. Pasture and Livestock

Pastures Livestock

5. Degradation

Forest Organic soils

6. Investment and infrastructureInputs Energy Construction

Matrix of change

Gross and Net balance, results

per ha an average per year

Description


A Simple tool (Excel® file) and freely availableSince 2009, EX‐ACT was used in more than 60 countries

EX‐ACT


But also, since then other tools are availableOthertools


All tools are based on the same methodologies (IPCC), But tools differs according to their aims and scope…

Othertools

But also, since then other tools are available

18 tools


All tools are based on the same methodologies (IPCC), But tools differs according to their aims and scope…

http://ird.t‐t‐web.com/

Othertools

But also, since then other tools are available


Example of application


Example of application

The project concerns 936 micro‐catchments.Total area of lands receiving support for improvedagricultural systems and natural resourcesconservation and management totals 661,000 ha

The Santa Catarina Rural Competitiveness Project (SC Rural)

A wide range of “activities”

Balance over 20 years (positive values are net emissions, negative are sinks or avoided emissions)

With all other activities: A co‐benefit of 0.92 t CO2eq ha−1 yr−1

Improved annual crop mgt: +1.7

C‐sequestration = ‐ 0.5 Mt CO2eqBut inputs = + 2.2 Mt CO2eq


Way forward


Way forward

عورشملا مسا خانم ئفاد لدتعم)فاج(ةراق ايقيرفأ ةدئاسلا ةيميلقإلا ةبرتلا عون ةبرت ةيلمر

تاقفدتلا يلامجإ نزاوتلا نم يرارحلا سابتحالا تازاغ نم لك ةصحنودب ـب نزاوت

نوبركلا ديسكأ يناث ئفاكم نم نط يرارحلا سابتحالا زاغ تاثاعبنا لك CO2

ةيويح ةلتك يباجيإ = ردصم / يبلس =ضوح ةبرت ىرخأ

عورشملا تانوكم


Way forward Inclusion of a “Blue Carbon” module


All material are available on the EX‐ACT websitehttp://www.fao.org/tc/exact/ex‐act‐home/en/


E‐learning module will be released soon

Parallel session L2.1: Developing and evaluating climate‐smart practices

Evaluating agricultural mitigation and scaling up climate‐smart practices

using the FAO EX‐Ante Carbon‐balance Tool

Parallel sessions L2Climate‐smart Strategies

Thank you for the attention

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