Martha Clark Mettler, IDEM Mike Tate, PE EPA...Larger facilities could still have a WQBEL/TBL they...
Transcript of Martha Clark Mettler, IDEM Mike Tate, PE EPA...Larger facilities could still have a WQBEL/TBL they...
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Martha Clark Mettler, IDEMMike Tate, PE ‐ EPA
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Agenda Background/Issues Possible Resolution Options Discussion
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Background/Issues Discussion raised in Boise last December
Increasing pressure to adopt Numeric Nutrient Criteria (NNC) This may disproportionately affect POTWs, particularly small POTWs
The majority of POTWs serve a population (e.g. <3000) where construction and O&M of nutrient reduction technologies may be unaffordable Large number of dischargers, small fraction of the permitted discharge flow
Nutrient reduction strategies remain a high priority for ACWA, states, EPA, environmental NGOs, and municipalities
Are variances for perhaps half or more of POTWs a reasonable solution? How can the NPDES program best accommodate nutrient reduction?
The small group that brought up issue in Boise has met informally Debated the issue a little more/kicked around some ideas
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Large and Small Communities
32%
68%
Percentage of US Cities by Population
Pop >3000 Pop <=3000
93%
7%
Percentage of US Population by City Size
Pop >3000 Pop <=3000
7% of US Population Lives in 2/3 of our Communities
Based on 2010Census Data
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Large and Small POTWs
45% <0.3 MGD
Based on ICIS Data
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Large and Small Communities
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Large and Small POTWs
Based on ICIS Data
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Percentage of POTW
s
Region
Percentage of POTWs by Region with Flows Above and Below 0.3 MGD
% <=0.3 MGD % >0.3 MGD National Avg
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Large and Small POTWs
1.2% of Flow from <0.3 MGD
Based on ICIS Data
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0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
Percentage of C
ities (%
)
Median Household Income (MHI)
Percentage of Cities in MHI RangesAbove and Below 3000 Population Cities
<3K Pop >3K Pop
Based on 2010 Census Data
Income and Small Communities
2% MHI = $67‐$75/mo
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Costs and Small Communities
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000
Cost per Connection
Population Served
Cost for Mechanical Treatment to Reduce NH3/NO3
TetraTech/KDHE
TN only. TP cost from UT Study:
$/MoTP (mg/L) Low High Avg
1.0 0 4.45 1.370.1 0 47.66 14.27
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Costs and Small Communities
FWPCA (inflation adjusted)
$0$100$200$300$400$500$600$700$800$900
$1,000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Cos
t per
Con
nect
ion
($/m
onth
)
Population
Cost Per Household For Biological Nutrient Removal ($/month)
Assumes:100 gal/person/day2.5 persons/householdTN - 6 mg/LTP - 2 mg/L
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Rural/Metro DemographicsNon-Metro Population Change 2010 - 2016
2/3 experiencing population loss
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Are Small Systems an Issue? Is there enough of a potential issue here to pursue further?
If not ‐ we are done. Next speaker! If so, what do we need to look at?
Group came up with five general options for further consideration…
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Option 1 States continue to develop nutrient translators as appropriate
Permitting authority develops permit with technology and/or water quality based limits Limits may be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to meet Expensive for the permittee to comply
Worst Case Outcome: Translators likely challenged by permittee Permittee violates permits, compliance order/enforcement Return to compliance may not be possible Permittees may never achieve necessary reductions to comply
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Option 2 State develops variances for small POTWs
Administratively expensive and time consuming Process needs to be periodically repeated Permitting authority develop permits with limits that may initially be easier to achieve but could get significantly more stringent over time
Worst Case Outcome: State variance process time consuming and likely challenged State permits likely challenged by NGOs Uncertain future for the permittee
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Option 3 Encourage states to consider tiered thresholds in their small POTW permits associated with treatment technology or affordability Use TMDL or other mechanism to establish water quality or technology based limits as appropriate
Encourage/require optimization and long term nutrient reduction plans (LNRPs).
Worst Case Outcome: Inconsistent implementation nationally Two similarly situated facilities in neighboring states treated differently NGO litigation still viewed as a possibility Uncertain future for permittee
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Option 4 Develop national technology based approach (ELG) only for major POTWs with appropriate thresholds considering affordability and cost of technology Addresses the large gap in major POTWs that do not remove nutrients vs. those that do Allow LNRPs Supplements current state efforts (permitting, NNC, trading, variances, etc.) Unaffordability documented for small facilities as a part of rule making. State discretion in how to address these facilities (e.g., a national optimization program informed by POTW survey)
Manageable administratively speaking due to smaller universe of facilities Worst Case Outcome:
National rule will take a long time and will likely get challenged Minor permittees are voluntary
ELG costs for major POTWs may still be viewed as too high Inconsistent implementation nationally for small communities
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Option 5 Develop national technology based approach (ELG) for small POTWs (size to be determined) with tiered thresholds looking at affordability and cost of technology similar to Option 3 Could piggyback off of EPA’s national 2ndary treatment study Incorporate limits and LNRPs into the permits Supplement current state efforts (permitting, trading, variances, etc.) Larger facilities could still have a WQBEL/TBL they would need to meet
Worst Case Outcome: National rule will take a long time and will likely get challenged Costs for facilities may still be viewed as too high Less nutrient reduction might occur
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I’m getting a little verklempt!Don’t worry. It’ll pass….I’ll give you a topic….
Nutrient permitting options at small POTWs
Discuss amongst yourselves!
Coffee Talk with Martha
Linda Richman
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Lets Think Critically About Small Communities
Critical – [krit‐i‐kuh l]Adjective1. inclined to find fault or to judge
with severity, often too readily.2. involving skillful judgment as to
truth, merit, etc.; judicial: a critical analysis.
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Each Table Should Discuss whether there is a potential problem/challenge to be addressed Evaluate the 5 options presented Develop any other options Discuss whether ACWA/EPA should continue to pursue any of the options or other ways to address the problem/challenge
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Options
Feature 1 2 3 4 5Voluntary – AllVoluntary ‐MinorNarrative Translator LimitsTMDL‐Driven GoalsVarianceLong term Nutrient Reduction Plan (LNRP)ELG ‐MajorELG ‐ SmallWQBEL/TBL ‐ LargeWQBEL/TBL ‐All
Options Review
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Feel Free to Mix and Match Parts