Marquez Villanueva - Personajes Y Temas Del Quijote

8/20/2019 Marquez Villanueva - Personajes Y Temas Del Quijote

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Cubierta de AL A NDALUS, sobre foto original del autor.

!"#$, FRANCISCO MÁRQUEZ VILLANUEVATAURUS EDICIONES, S% A%

P&a'a de& Mar(u)* de Sa&a+a-a, #% Madrid./

IS0N1 23.45/.6525.7De89*it: Le;a&1 M% !$/5$.!"#$ Printed in Spain


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A DÁMASO ALONSOC: ad+ira-i9, ;ratitud

< -ari=:%


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>NDICE

PROLO?O%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/

AMANTES EN SIERRA MORENA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%"

LAS NOVELAS EPIS@DICAS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%"PREMISAS LITERARIAS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!!DOROTEA1 DICO Y NO DICO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!$LOS DOS DISCURSOS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!2PENITENCIAS DE AMOR%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%66LOCURAS DE AMOR%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%62EL FIEL CONTRASTE DEL YERMO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4!LA LITERATURA, BLTIMA VERDAD%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%43DOROTEA O LA SENSUALIDAD ACEPTADA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4#ANTE EL MATRIMONIO CRISTIANO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4"EL PERSONAJE CERVANTINO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%% %3$

LEANDRA, ZORAIDA Y SUS FUENTES FRANCO.ITALIANAS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%32

I% LA CA0RA MANCHAA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%32LA LEANDRA DE DURANTE DA ?UALDO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$5EL TEMA MIS@?INO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$3

II% EL TEMA DE LOS CAUTIVOS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$2RUI PREZ DE VIEDMA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/5LA IJA DE A?> MORATO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/6LA LEYENDA MARIANA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/3LA TRADICI@N DE LA MORICA ?ARRIDA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%/#FLORIPS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%#5

III% ISTORIA DE AMORG%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%#6LA FU?A%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%##EJEMPLARIDAD TRIDENTINAG%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%#"LAS FUENTES, UNA VEZ MÁS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%23LE?ADOS Y ORIZONTES%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%22

EL CA0ALLERO DEL VERDE ?A0ÁN Y SU REINO DE PARADOJA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%"4

CERVANTES, ARQUITECTO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%"4SIMI!ITUO OPPOSITO"UM %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%"3EL MARAVILLOSO SILENCIO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%"2ARQUETIPOS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!55LA MORAL ERASMISTA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!56EL EPICURE>SMO CRISTIANO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!5$LA CA0ALLER>A AVENTURERA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %!!5LA AVENTURA DE LOS LEONES%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%!!4REQUESONES EN EL YELMO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!!/QU ES POES>AG%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!!"EL JOVEN DON LORENZO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!64LITERATURA DEL QUERER SER%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%!6$DERROTA IR@NICA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!62EL MUNDO LITERARIO DE LA PARADOJA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!4!LA PARADOJA CERVANTINA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!44EL FINAL DE LA PARADOJA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%!4/EL ?A0ÁN VERDE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!4#

3


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EL MORISCO RICOTE O LA ISPANA RAZ@N DE ESTADO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!34

ISTORIA Y FICCI@N%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!34SANCO Y RICOTE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!3/RICOTE1 REFLEJO Y ECO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!32LA NOVELA MORISCA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!$6

LA E7PULSI@N DE RICOTE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!$3ASTA EL VALLE DE RICOTE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!$2LA CUESTI@N MORISCA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!/5TEOR>A Y PRÁCTICA DE LA E7PULSI@N%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%!/3LA LI0ERTAD DE CONCIENCIA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%!#4LOS MORISCOS DEL PERSILES%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!#2EL MORISCO DEL COLOQUIO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!23CERVANTES O LA OPINI@N MODERADA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%% %!"5LA SECTA DE LOS POL>TICOS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!"2DESENLACE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%65$

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PROLO?O

U &ibr: +H*, :tr: b&:(ue re-i) de*8redid: de& -ati& e i-:r8:rad: a& a&ud *itre;ua i r:tera* de &a bib&i:;raa -erKatia% Y e e*ta :ra di-i& ta te+ida 8:r CerKate*, ;ra arti-e de 8r9&:;:*, -9+: redu-ir e& erK:r de &a tarea a -ira de ua*

8a&abra* *erea*G C9+: tra*8:er:*, de*8u)* de e-:* a &ab:rar e +araKi&&:*:*i&e-i:, a u t:: de Sepan #uantos...$

E au*e-ia de& a+i;: *:-arr9 (ue ua Ke' *a-ara de a8ur:* a CerKate*, : :*(ueda :tra a&teratiKa (ue &a de bu*-ar reu;i: e &a +H* ab*:&uta *i-eridad% Na-e e*te

&ibr:, *i+8&e+ete, de u a-t: de e% De e e &a i*t:ria &iteraria, e* de-ir, e ua de &a*re&i;i:e* :< da +H* i9*8ita* < de*aK:re-ida*% Per*:ae* < te+a*, +eud:*deta&&e* < a+8&ia* tede-ia*, *: a(u e*tudiad:* -:+: a--i9 < rea--i9 de &a +ete-read:ra de CerKate* rete a tradi-i:e*, e*(ue+a* < +ateria&e* a--e*ib&e* 8ara )*tee e& +ud: (ue tuK: a *u a&reded:r% Que e& radi: 8arti-u&ar de a(ue& -r-u&: era

8r:di;i:*a+ete &ar;: e -:tra*te -: &a* Kiea* idea* de& CerKate* po%ero uo&o <de+H* -:*titu


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detr: de )*ta, < (ue t:da :8:rtuidad de -a&ibrar&a *e u*tii-ara 8:r dere-: 8r:8i:detr: de &a i*t:ria de &a e8u&*i9% Per: a *id: a(ue& 8r:89*it: de de*etra=ar u:*tet:*, < : aH de *e;uir &a b:;a a-tua& de &a* iKe*ti;a-i:e* (ue &&a+aiterdi*-i8&iaria*, &: (ue a&& :* :b&i;9 a 8:er ta b:-a arriba e& ai8e i*t9ri-: a&&ad: de& &iterari:%

Persona'es * te&as del Qui'ote. C&ar: e*tH (ue : t:d:*, 8ue* e&&: *u8:dra uatarea -a*i *:breu+aa :, a& +e:*, +u< *u8eri:r a &a* uer'a* de& aut:r de e*te &ibr:% N: *e a itetad: e )& *i: *a-ar a &a &u' -uatr: e*trati;raa* 8ra-ti-ada* -: u -iert:e(ui&ibri:, de +:d: (ue abar(ue 8er*:ae* +a*-u&i:* < e+ei:*, Pri+era <Se;uda Parte, te+a* !6 de diKer*: *i;: < re*:a-ia* ide:&9;i-a* de iter)*re&i;i:*:, &iterari: < 8:&ti-:% Re*u&tad:*G Nue*tra* 8H;ia* *e -:ie*a de*de e*te+i*+: i*tate :rra* de i;ua te*i* de ;ra eKer;adura% N: ata&a


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aea de re-:*truir a*ta d:de *ea 8:*ib&e ta&e* e*(ue+a* +ae*tr:*% La i*t:ria&iteraria 8uede redir:* et:-e* e& Ka&i:*: aui&i: de (ue de*ea dar te*ti+:i: &a*

8H;ia* (ue a:ra *i;ue%La* -uatr: 8arte* (ue ite;ra e*te &ibr: *: ri;ur:*a+ete i)dita*, -: e-e8-i9

de a&;u:* ra;+et:* de &a 8ri+era de e&&a* 6, (ue -:+e'9 8:r *er ua -:ere-ia

8r:u-iada a-e Kari:* a=:* e &a UiKer*idad de Pe*


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AMANTES EN SIERRA MORENA

LAS NOVELAS EPIS@DICAS

Ta& Ke' : ei*ta 8i(ue erudit: (ue *e :* at:e :< ta :-i:*: -:+: e& (ue diKidi9a &:* -erKati*ta* de ata=: a-er-a de& a8&au*: : -e*ura de &a* arra-i:e* e8i*9di-a*iter-a&ada* e &a Pri+era Parte de& Qui'ote!. Y +H* a *i *e tiee e -ueta (ue e&

8r:8i: CerKate* -uid9 de e-are-er&:* a& a8etit: de *u* &e-t:re* a& -:+e'ar &aurdi+bre de &a* diKer*a* :Ke&a* (ue -u&+ia, 8:r :bra de &a 8re*e-ia -ata&i'ad:ra ded: Qui:te, e &a Keta de Sierra M:rea1

Fe&i-*i+:* < Ketur:*:* uer: &:* tie+8:* d:de *e e-9 a& +ud: e& auda-*i+:-aba&&er: d: Qui:te de &a Ma-a, 8ue* 8:r aber teid: ta :r:*a deter+ia-i9 -:+:ue e& (uerer re*u-itar < K:&Ker a& +ud: &a


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tiede a bu*-ar *u* +aatia&e*1 e& T:b:*:, ad:de *e diri;e Sa-: -: *u +i*iKa, &aa&dea +a-e;a, -u


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ada de t)-i-a* de*-ri8tiKa* a &: *i;&: 7I7 < &e ba*ta 8ara e&&: -: e& rea&-ei+e*a+ete a&e;re < terrea& de *u 8er*:ae e+ei:% P:r(ue D:r:tea : e*ada&u'a per a##idens ada &: e* e CerKate*, *i: -are < ;ei: de Ada&u-a/ -:+:*ub*ue&: i+8&-it: de *u -:tetura de 8er*:ae% E*&ab9 e& +H* 8re-iad: e e*a -adeade ada&u'a* lo7anas < ai+:*a* (ue &&e;a, e diKer*idad de 8&a:* < de ;)er:*, a*ta

&a* er:a*, de Va&era, de &:* Quiter: < de L:r-a% !2

PREMISAS LITERARIAS

D: Qui:te tiee e*8e-ia& +a: 8ara traer buea *uerte a &a* 8area* ea+:rada*(ue e-uetra e *u -a+i:


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ab*:&ut:* < ab*tra-t:*1 &a K-ti+a *erH ua d:-e&&a -:+: -ira de idee*i9 ei:-e-ia, e& u*ur8ad:r u a


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Mar 8ud: idetii-ar u &ibr: re-iete, &a bie :&Kidada Historia fa&osa del pr6n#ipedon Poli#isne de ?oe#ia Va&&ad:&id, !/56 de d: Jua de Si&Ka < T:&ed: -:+: uetei+ediata de *u di*-ur*:!5%

L: +H* :tab&e de t:d: e* (ue &a i*t:ria de Mi-:+i-:a : -:*titu


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e& di*ra' Kar:i& a;radar +u-:%

La* a-tri-e* tea a*e;urad: e& a8&au*: -: &a re8re*eta-i9 e trae Kar:i&, tat: 8:r e& br: de &:* 8a8e&e* -:+: 8:r &a :8:rtuidad de &u-ir*e e -a&'a* < a&da +u< -:rta,+:tiK: de e*-ada&i'ada* deu-ia* de*de e& 8&8it: < de &e;i*&a-i9 a Ke-e* rid-u&a <

*ie+8re iei-a'!3

% Para e& 8b&i-: de &a )8:-a &a er:a Ke*tida de :+bre eK:-aba 8:r * *:&a e& +ud: de& teatr:%A 8artir de &a iana e& +:tiK: i+ediat: de& di*ra' Kar:i& e* *ie+8re e& +i*+:%

La &ibertad a8areada -: e& i;id: -a+bi: de *e: 8er+itirH a &a* da+a* a-tuar KiKa'+ete 8ara re-:br: de &a :ra 8erdida : de& ;a&H iie& < -a*(uiKa:% La +uer iKada -: *u ;uerra a+:r:*a e& -a+8: de*;uare-id: de& +ud: +a*-u&i:, d:de

8r:t: re*u&taba Ke-ed:ra% E& teatr: < &a :Ke&a *e &&ear: a* de da+a* (ue *eKue&Ke e*8ada-ie* < d:uae* 0on il de las #al7as %erdes2) ter-era* de *u*i-aut:* < K:&ub&e* ;a&ae* e* e& -a*: de Fe&i*+ea : a*ta *: -a8a-e* de dar*e a &:*e*tudi:* 0El a&or &5di#o de Tir*: < -ur*ar e &a* au&a* uiKer*itaria* 0!a es#olsti#a#elosa de L:8e% La +uer Ke*tida de :+bre Kiee a *er a* &a atte*i* de &a

d:-e&&a +ee*ter:*a de &:* &ibr:* de -aba&&era*, t:ta&+ete 8a*iKa < de8ediete de&-aba&&er: 64 8ara e& &:;r: de *u* 8r:89*it:*% E &a i:Ka-i9 de &a er:a e traeKar:i& &ata *i duda u e+ii*+: i-:-ebib&e 8ara e& e*8ritu +edieKa&1 &a +uer i+8u&*iKa < -a8a' de Ka&er*e e *u* 8r:8i:* e;:-i:* aba de *er *ie+8re ua *arra-ea: re*-atada a 8:r e& a;ua de& bauti*+:%

E& 8er*:ae de& Qui'ote re8re*eta a* ua a+a&;a+a de& ti8: de +ee*ter:*a-: e& de a+ate Ke*tida de :+bre% D:r:tea, (ue -:+ie'a e-arad: e& ti8:&iterari: de +:da, 8a*a a de*e+8e=ar de*8u)* e& 8a8e&, :&Kidad: < ar-ai-:, re(uerid: 8:r &a 8auta de& &ibr: de -aba&&era*% Per: 8uede a-er&: 8re-i*a+ete 8:r *er +uer de;rade* arre*t:* < +u< due=a de *% MH* a, a& i;ir*e +ee*ter:*a e* -uad: +H*a-tiKa+ete e*tH trabaad: e *u re+edi:, 8:r -:tra*te -: *u ir de +a& e 8e:r ba:

e& di*ra' +a*-u&i:% C: D:r:tea 8i*a+:*, 8ue*, de &&e: e& terre: de &a 8arad:air9i-a e (ue CerKate* ;u*ta de *ituar a *u* 8er*:ae* aK:rit:*, a+a*ad:* de-:tradi--i9 < de :8ue*ta* tradi-i:e* &iteraria*, de Edad Media < de Rea-i+iet:, de:Ke&a < de dra+a!$% Se trata de ua t)-i-a (ue 8r:-ede 8:r *te*i* < *u8era-i9, e &a(ue ei*ta, ade+H*, u +ati' de ue;: -: e& &e-t:r, -u


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DOROTEA1 DICO Y NO DICO

La -rti-a!/ a 8ue*t:


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Libr:* deK:t:*G 0ie 8uede *er% Per: +u-:* +e:*, e t:d: -a*:, (ue : &ibr:* de-aba&&era*, *e; *abe+:* (ue *e &e e*-a8a a&;: +H* ade&ate !, 6"% Le-turare8r:bada 8:r Kaa < 8e&i;r:*a e b:-a de d9+ie* < 8redi-ad:re* -: &:* (ue e -iert:+:d: a< (ue e*tar de a-uerd:% C: *u -arH-ter e*-a8i*ta < *u e*8ritu 8r:a:, ut:-: e& trata+iet: a &a Ke' idea&i'ad: < +:rb:*a+ete se3* &a*-iK:, de-a e&

Ca9i;:, &:* &ibr:* de -aba&&era* 8:da *er u re-re: -:+8r:+etid: 8ara -abe'a* 9Kee*, < e e*8e-ia& 8ara &a* +H* ia* < de*8eada*, -:+: *abe+:* 8:r e& te*ti+:i:Kera-*i+: de Sata Tere*a% P:r(ue a(ue&&a ei*te-ia de *u8eri-ie ta (uieta -::-e+:+et:* de *:rda te+8e*tad < D:r:tea -:rrerH a a:;ar etre &a* -uerda* de *u ar8a e&iteri:r de*a*:*ie;: (ue a(ue&&:* 8a*+ar:te* de &ibr:* ada deK:t:* *9&: 8:da ati'ar Kaa+ete% A& i+a;iar ua de &a* +e:re* i;ura* de t:d: e& Qui'ote < u ti8: de +uer (ue arra*tra -:*i;: t:da* &a* ad+ira-i:e*, CerKate* : (uera tra'ar u -arH-ter deua 8ie'a u /5roe i t:+ar*e e& traba: de reKe*tir u *at: de 8a&:%

E& e-uadre a+i&iar de D:r:tea a *id: -uidad: -: +Hi+a ate-i9% E&&a e*ui;)ita < ua de &a* +H* re;a&ada* ia* (ue 8adre* a+H* re;a&ar:, e* de-ir, &a+H* 8ere-ta i=a +i+ada% Su :ri;e e* -a+8e*i: : pe#/ero e t)r+i:* urdi-:*,

8ue* &:* 8adre* *: &abrad:re*, ;ete &&aa, *i +e'-&a de a&;ua ra'a +a&*:ate


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*u;erir&e (ue e&ia e*8:*: 6# e&&a +i*+a etre *u* +u-:* 8retediete*% Y -:+: ta&*:&u-i9 : e*, -: art: +:tiK:, +u< ;u*t:*a 8ara D:r:tea, t:d: ter+ia, < e* -a*:i-: e &a &iteratura de& Si;&: de Or:, e e& +H* *e*at: &&a+a+iet: a& u*: re*8:*ab&ede *u 8&ea &ibertad1 De-a+e +i* 8adre* (ue e *:&a +i Kirtud < b:dad deaba <de8:*itaba *u :ra < a+a% Y e* 8re-i*a+ete e*a K:ta-i9 de -:ia'a &a (ue a-e

i+8:*ib&e 8ara &a de&i-ade'a +:ra& de D:r:tea *e;uir KiKied: ba: e& te-: 8ater: uaKe' (ue *e *abe de*:rada% C:+: di-e de*8u)*, au(ue e*tH 8er*uadida de (ue : tieeada (ue te+er < de (ue *u* 8adre* *e &: 8erd:ara t:d:, i-&u*: &: (ue : 8erd:aba&a *:-iedad e*8a=:&a e a(ue& tie+8:, e e&&a e*tH e& : Ker&e* e& r:*tr: -:

8e*a+iet: (ue e&&:* +ira e& +: ae: de &a :e*tidad (ue de + *e deba de teer 8r:+etida !, 6"%

Per: D:r:tea e*, 8ri+:rdia&+ete, ua +uer ea+:rada% Ea+:rada de *ue*8:*: d: Ferad:% Su re&at: &: -:ie*a -: tata *i-eridad -:+: ;ra-ia <de&i-ade'a% L:* -rti-:* a ad+irad: &a &u-ide' < 8re-i*i9 de& ra':a+iet: de-i*iK:,e-: a * +i*+a -uad: *e e-uetra


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Per: *u a&t: ea+:ra+iet: : re*8:de a i;ua barata a+bi-i9 de Ker*e e-a*e=:ra de Ka*a&&:*, *i: a ua ur;e-ia &e;ti+a de adue=ar*e de *u 8r:8ia Kida,-::r+e a e*a K:&utad de *er -ara-ter*ti-a de &:* ;rade* 8er*:ae* -erKati:*%S9&: (ue e e*te -a*:, tratHd:*e de ua ite&i;e-ia *aa < 8re-&ara, : Ka+:* a

8re*e-iar i;ua &:-ura, *i:, 8:r e& -:trari:, ua re-tii-a-i9 de& :rde a--ideta&

de &a *:-iedad e beei-i: de& :rde e*e-ia& de &a atura&e'a% D:r:tea e* *abia e-::-er*e a * +i*+a < e *u* adetr:* e*tH +u< 8er*uadida (ui) 8:drHre8r:-Hr*e&:G de (ue i *u be&&e'a i *u iura +ere-e e+8&ear*e e +e:* (ue u;ra :b&e% Y de a &a de&i-i:*a Kaidad (ue &e -:rta &a *a&ida H-i& de& +atri+:i: 6"*u;erid: 8:r *u* 8adre*% P:r(ue -9+: iba D:r:tea a e&e;ir e*8:*: etre -a+8e*i:*ri-a-:* : ida&;e&:* de 8ueb&:G A +e:* de trai-i:ar*e a * +i*+a : 8:daetre;ar*e *i: a &:* bra':* de u -aba&&er: 8ri-i8a&, de :+bre ta reiad: < e&e;ate

8:r edu-a-i9 -:+: e&&a &: era 8:r d: ;ra-i:*: de atura&e'a% Pue*ta ate e& +i*+:di&e+a, :tra er+:*a ada&u'a * (ue a-tuarH, *i;&:* +H* tarde, -: arti+a=a < auda-iaKerdadera+ete 8e-a+i:*a*% ViKa )*ta, i;ua& (ue D:r:tea, e u 8ueb&e-i&&: : &ea:de C9rd:ba < *e &&a+aba Pepita Ji&5ne7.

LOS DOS DISCURSOS

D:r:tea *abe +u< bie (ue &a -au*a de *u* i:rtui:* : e* :tra (ue &a bae'a de *ua-i+iet:, 8ue* *i, e Ke' de 8e-er:*, *u* 8r:;eit:re* ubie*e *id: :b&e* i e&&:*tuKiera +H* (ue de*ear i


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tiee, e e& :d:, i; *etid: reK:&u-i:ari:% Ciert: (ue e&&a : e* :b&e, 8er: 8arae*: e*, e -a+bi:, +u< -ri*tiaa Kiea < 8uede &&eKar a& +atri+:i: &a d:te ie*ti+ab&ede ua &i+8ia *a;re de (ue -: de+a*iada re-ue-ia -are-a &a* -a*a* de e-u+brada:b&e'a% P:r :tra 8arte, *ied: +uer < *e; e&&a adu-e e *u aK:r *e a&&a deate+a: i+8edida de (uitar i a=adir e &a tra*+i*i9 de ua :b&e'a (ue *9&: era

de-idida 8:r &a &ea 8atera% Ciert: (ue +atri+:i:* ta de*i;ua&e* : era ada-:+ue* i *:&a e*tar bie Ki*t:*, 8er: ta+8:-: Ki:&aba i &e


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e a(ue&&a* 8H;ia* -erKatia*, ate u ata(ue -:tra &a irre*8:*abi&idad +:ra& de &a:b&e'a :-i:*a, re*erKad: 8ara &:* Du(ue* de &a Se;uda Parte, 8ue* *i d: Ferad:abu*a de *u 8:der:, ta+bi) *e *:+eterH +H* tarde a *u* :b&i;a-i:e* de :+bre de::r < de -ri*tia:% E -uat: a &a &ibertad de +atri+:i: etre :b&e < Ki&&aa, e* bie-&ar: (ue : 8uede -:*tituir i;ua te*i* e &a :Ke&a de D:r:tea 8:r &a *i+8&e

ra'9 de (ue era idea a& i < a& -ab: ad+itida, < CerKate* : iba a a8utar ta ba: ia ;a*tar *u 89&K:ra e *a&Ka*% T:d: ubiera -a+biad: 8ara reKe*tir +Hi+a ;raKedad46 *i *e :* 8re*eta*e a&& e& -a*: -:trari:1 a&;ua i&u*tre da+a di*8ue*ta a i+:&ar *u :b&e'a e &a ui9 -: u :+bre de ba: a-i+iet: : de *a;re : &i+8ia% Per: ae*: : *e atreKi9 e a(ue&&:* *i;&:* i CerKate* i adie63%

La* :Ke&a* de &a Keta *: u ee+8&: 8ere-t: de &a t)-i-a -erKatia dea8&i-ar*e ite;ra&+ete a& e*tudi: < e*tru-tura-i9 de& -arH-ter < ada +H* (ue e&-arH-ter% Di-: (uea-er ei;e &a reu-ia a t:da +:ra&ea, 8r:8a;ada : dida-ti*+:e8&-it:, au(ue *u &:;r: re*-ata detr: de * t:d: u +ud: de re*:a-ia*ide:&9;i-a* de *i;: 8r:b&e+Hti-: e i*:*8e-ad:% D:r:tea : e* i; 8e9 e e&de*8&ie;ue de u te:re+a -:+: &: e*, 8:r ee+8&:, &a 8:bre Le::ra de El #eloso

e3tre&e:o, i ua +era *erie de :ta* *i-:&9;i-a* -:+: tiede a :-urrir -: &:* 8er*:ae* de &a :Ke&a *eti+eta&, *i: (ue KiKe < re*8ira a traK)* de &a i-a 9r+u&aarratiKa -a8a' de e8re*ar, e *u -a*:, t:da &a ;ra-ia < *uti&e'a de (ue a(u)&&a e*tHa+a*ada% A*, a& e*tudiar de -er-a e& di*-ur*: de &a a&-:ba *e adKierte (ue D:r:tea *abe-:+: dar a eteder, *i +e:*-ab: de& 8ud:r i a8ear*e de *u t:: ri;ur:*:, (ue :de*ea *i: a d: Ferad: *i a&;ua de t:da* e*ta* -:*a* (ue e di-: Kiera


21/208

8ie* de& e*8:*: < dea a *u 8re-&ara ite&i;e-ia e& di-tad: de &a* 8a&abra* +H* du&-e* <;eer:*a*, (ue a&-a'a e& :d: -: ua Kibra-i9 de +*i-a < de -ari-ia1

T (ui*i*te (ue


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Per: &: de-i*iK: a(u e* u -:Ke-i:a&i*+: te+Hti-: de a+8&ia -ir-u&a-i9 < re*8e-t:a& (ue CerKate* t:+a, -:+: de -:*tu+bre, *u* di*ta-ia* a &a :ra de *erKir*e de )&%C:+: adKerte-ia < 8ri+er -:tra8ut: ir9i-: 4$ tee+:* &a diKertida etrada e*itua-i9 de d: Qui:te, (ue *e adetra e &a* +:ta=a* 8:r te+:r a &a* -:*e-ue-ia*de *u &ibertad de &:* ;a&e:te*, 8er: rea--i:a e :r+a 8reKi*ib&e a &a *u;ere-ia de u

e*-eari: (ue, 8ara )&, : e* atura&e'a, *i: &iteratura1E& -ua& -:+: etr9 8:r a(ue&&a* +:ta=a* *e &e a&e;r9 e& -:ra'9, 8are-i)d:&e

a(ue&&:* &u;are* a-:+:dad:* 8ara &a* aKetura* (ue bu*-aba% Redu-a*e&e a &a +e+:ria&:* +araKi&&:*:* a-ae-i+iet:* (ue e *e+eate* *:&edade* < a*8ere'a* aba *u-edid: a-aba&&er:* adate*% Iba 8e*ad: e e*ta* -:*a*, ta e+bebe-id: < tra*8:rtad: e e&&a*,(ue de i;ua :tra *e a-:rdaba !, 64%

D: Qui:te *abe +u< bie &: (ue a(ue&&a* ra;:*idade* re(uiere de u -aba&&er:adate -: *u -ate-i*+: bie a8redid:% C: a&arde de +Hi+: Kirtu:*i*+: e &a+ateria, *u 8eite-ia < &:-ura* de a+:r *e rea&i'a, : *9&: *i -au*a i+ediata dei;ua e*8e-ie, *i: +H* (ue ada 8:r(ue e* 8re-i*: dar &: *u


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Pre;ut9:* (ue -uH& 8arte de*ta *ierra era &a +H* H*8era < e*-:dida di+:*&e (ueera e*ta *ierra d:de a:ra e*ta+:*, < e* a* &a Kerdad 8:r(ue *i etrHi* +edia &e;ua +H*adetr:, (ui'H : a-ertar)i* a *a&ir < e*t:< +araKi&&ad: de -9+: ab)i* 8:did: &&e;ar a(u,

8:r(ue : a< -a+i: i *eda (ue a e*te &u;ar e-a+ie !, 64%

E* de :tar ta+bi) (ue &a &iteratura -a-i:eri&, ta :&Kidada :< -:+: -a&&ada+ete

ei-a' e a(ue&&:* *i;&:*, :re-e a*i+i*+: u &id: Ki&&a-i-: a8&i-ab&e a D:r:tea e &ae*-ea de *u e-uetr: 8:r e& Cura < e& 0arber:1

Ni=a de rubi:* -abe&&:*,(ui) :* tra: a a(ue*t:* ue)77VII !"!6, 8% 3!6%

64


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de& ar-: de &:* &ea&e* a+ad:re*, e &a (ue, ade+H* de eter: :+bre < a+a, -:(ui*tae& 8re+i: de &a >*:&a Fir+e% E& de*di-ad: -ae a+:rte-id: ut: a u arr:


25/208

E& te+a de &a 8eite-ia a+:r:*a &e:* de &a -iKi&i'a-i9 : e* ta+8:-: :ri;ia&e e& A+ad* de ?au&a% La aKetura de &a Pe=a P:bre e*, a *u Ke', -&ar: e-: de &ai*t:ria de Tristn e Iseo) u: de &:* :-:* de a(ue&&a Ka*ta +ateria de 0reta=a (ue*uti&+ete &ate t:daKa e e& &ibr: de M:ta&K: 4!% La -:du-ta de A+ad* e*tH a&&-a&-ada *:bre &a de Tri*tH, (ue -:rre a *e8u&tar*e KiK: e &a &:re*ta de M:rr:i* -uad:,

e(uiK:-ada+ete, *e -ree 8:*ter;ad: 8:r &a reia I*e:% a< &a* +i*+a* ida* < Keida*de -aba&&er:* < d:-e&&a* e *u b*(ueda Fer;u*, Pa&a+`de, 0ra;ai etre :tr:*, e&+i*+: 8at)ti-: abad:: de& -aba&&: < &a* ar+a*, &a Kida 8ri+itiKa < 8eada ut: a uauete, e& +i*+: &et: de*-ae-er (ue ee;re-e < Kue&Ke irre-::-ib&e 35 *u r:*tr:46%Per: e*ta aKetura de*e*8erada : a8are-e a*ta &a tarda Ker*i9 e 8r:*a -::-ida-:+: Tristan de !5onois < (ue : *e e&ab:ra *i: e &:* *i;&:* 7III < 7IV, a 8artir de!66$44% L:* Kie:* 8:e+a* de T:+a* < 0er:u&, a* -:+: *u 8erdid: < +araKi&&:*:ar(ueti8:, :re-a u e8i*:di: de *etid: +H* e&e+eta& < 8ur:, :bKi: 8ut: de 8artida

8ara &:* reudid:re* de& !5onois) (ue 8ara :*:tr:* ue Tristn de !eon6s43%C:dead:* a &a :;uera &:* ad&ter:* 8:r e& re< Mar-: de C:rua&&e* 0Mares e &aKer*i9 e*8a=:&a, Tri*tH &:;ra e*-a8ar e e& -a+i: de& *u8&i-i: e I*e:, &a rubia

i-:+8arab&e, Ke -:+utada *u 8ea 8:r &a a +H* :rrib&e de *er -edida -:+: 8r:8iedad -:+ua& a &a &uuria de &:* &e8r:*:* de& rei:% Tri*tH &a &ibera +u< 8r:t: deetre &a ie-ta -aterKa < &:* a+ate* -:rre a reu;iar*e e &a t:rKa *e&Ka de M:rr:i*%A&& a de arra*trar ua ei*te-ia +*era e irau+aa, ara8iet:*, +a& a&i+etad:*


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L:;ue+et 8ar M:rr:i* uiret4$% 3!

A& -:+ie': de a(ue&&a* -:rrera* *e t:8a Tri*tH e I*e: -: e& bue er+ita=: O;ri,-: e& (ue e Ka: de*ea -:e*ar, 8ue* )*te, +u-: +H* *e*ud: < te9&:;: (ue e&-:+8&a-iete Ada&:d de& A&ad6s) : &:* a&&a di*8ue*t:* 8ara re-ibir &a ab*:&u-i9

*a-ra+eta&1O;ri* &i di*t1 Et (ue& -::rtPuet : d:er a :+e +:rtGA**e' e*t +:rt (ui &:;ue+et?i*t e 8e-i), *i& e re8etD:er e 8uet u* e 8eita-eA 8e-e:r *a' re8eta-e%4/

Per: -9+: 8:drH arre8etir*e i ree;ar de *u a+:r &a 8area -a8a' de *:8:rtar tadura 8rueba e ara* de )*teG E& 8:e+a de 0er:u& de*&ida a* e& -arH-ter 8ura+eteer9ti-: de e*a 8eite-ia (ue e& A&ad6s de ue*tr: M:ta&K: e Ka: 8r:-ura :u*-ar

-: *u a-:*tu+brad: bari' 8iad:*:%4#

E*ta+:* a(u 36 ate e& +it: *u8re+: de& a+:r -:rt)*, i;:rate e buea :ra de &a tradi-i9 :Kidiaa < utrid: de u *ub*ue&: de&e


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e8erie-ia de M:rr:i* : de &a Pe=a P:bre i&u*tra t:d: e& :r;u&&: +a*:(ui*ta de &a pasi8n -:rt)*35 rete a& de*8re-iab&e (uerer de &a ;ete -:+, a &a Ke' (ue e&*eti+iet: de itr*e-a :b&e'a *e; a(ue&&: (ue de-a Jua de Mea1

Mi d:&:r e* +a


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Per: *i *e Ka a Ker, e*te +:d: de ar;u+etar re8re*eta e& triu: de &a ra'9 8uradetr: de u terre: 8:r deii-i9 < de*de *ie+8re +u< -erebra&% Ua -&ara Ki-t:ria dee*-:&H*ti-: *:bre A+ad* < Tri*tH (ue, -:+: -riatura* i+8ere-ta*, e-e*itar: de:bet: < -ir-u*ta-ia* de :rde *i-: 8ara dar a& a+:r &: (ue e* de& a+:r%

Para :*:tr:* &:* de& :i-i: *erH *ie+8re ua de&i-ia -:+8r:bar -9+: e& a&tar

8eite-ia& de& 8e=a*-: < e& arr:


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tarda Ker*i9 e 8r:*a de (ue ta+bi) deriKa &a aKetura de A+ad* e &a Pe=a P:bre3/%E e& 3/ ea-erba+iet: de *u +i*atr:8a, Tri*tH &&e;a a&& a e&:(ue-er de& t:d: < ade8eder 8ara *u *u*tet: de& 8a (ue &:* 8a*t:re* &e 8r:8:r-i:a a -a+bi: de ;:&8e* eidi;a* u+i&&a-i:e*3#% Au redu-id: a ta +i*erab&e Kida, Tri*tH da buea -ueta de* e a&;ua* de *u* +H* te+eraria* a'a=a*, ;er+e a *u Ke' de &a* de*a:rada* &:-ura*

de Or&ad:% Fia&+ete e& re< Mar-: &: &&eKa a *u -iudad de Tita;e&, -u


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e tuttaKia *a-e;;ia Ki&&e e -a*e,*e bi*:;: di -ib: aKer *i *etee rutte e -are e 8a, 8ur -e;&i iKa*e,ra8i*-e et u*a :r'a ad :;i ;ete1(ua& &a*-ia +:rt: e (ua& *t:r8iat: &a**a

8:-: *i er+a, e *e+8re ia'i 8a**a%

77I7, #6

Cardei: de*arr:&&a ua K:ra-idad ai+a&, -:+ied: &: (ue &e dier: -:+: 8er*:aat:tada, ta a8rie*a, (ue : daba e*8a-i: de u b:-ad: a& :tr:, 8ue* ate* &:* e;u&&a(ue tra;aba !, 63% E Ari:*t:1

Vera: i -:8ia 8:Kere KiKade,-:Keieti a u 8a*t:ra&e *tat:%Se'a i& 8ae di*-erer da &e ;iade,da& di;iu: e da &i+8et: -a--iat:,&e +ai e i& dete &a*-ic adar di b:tt:i (ue& -e tr:Kc 8ri+a : -rud: : -:tt:%

77IV, !6 32

Y *i Cardei: : *e a&&a de*ud:, *i duda &e a&ta +u< 8:-:1

Yed:, 8ue*, -: e*te 8e*a+iet:, Ki: (ue 8:r -i+a de ua +:ta=ue&a (ue de&atede &:* ::* *e &e :re-a iba *a&tad: u :+bre de ri*-: e ri*-: < de +ata e +ata, -:e*tra=a &i;ere'a% Fi;re*e&e (ue iba de*ud:, &a barba e;ra < e*8e*a, &:* -abe&&:* +u-:* <rebu&tad:*, &:* 8ie* de*-a&':* < &a* 8iera* *i -:*a a&;ua &:* +u*&:* -ubra u:*-a&':e*, a& 8are-er, de ter-i:8e&: &e:ad: +a* ta e-:* 8eda':*, (ue 8:r +u-a* 8arte**e &e de*-ubra &a* -are*% Traa &a -abe'a de*-ubierta < au(ue 8a*9 -: &a &i;ere'a (ue*e a di-:, t:da* e*ta* +eude-ia* +ir9 < :t9 e& Caba&&er: de &a Tri*te Fi;ura !, 64%

E& 8arete*-: de &a de*-ri8-i9 *e dea re-::-er H-i&+ete e e& Orlando furioso$51

Qua*i a*-:*i aKea ;&i :--i e &a te*ta,&a a--ia +a-ra, e -:+e u :**: a*-iutta,&a -i:+a rabuata, :rrida e +e*ta,&a barba :&ta, *8aKet:*a e brutta%

77I7, /5

La* re&a-i:e* *: -&ara* < ta;ib&e*, 8er: au a* Cardei:, e&:(ue-id: 8:r *u 8r:8iati+ide', *e deie -:+: u 8er*:ae 8:-: +e:* (ue at8:da de& 8a&ad ari:*te*-:%L:* 8ut:* de -:i-ide-ia a*u+e e CerKate* u *etid: +u< diKer*:, 8ue* e )& :-:*titu


31/208

:b*erKa u +:der: a-u&tatiK:, e* 8:*ib&e (ue uiatr6a 0ar-e&:a, !"$5, 8H;ia $4%$6 S% ?i&+a -:+eta1 CerKate* a tra*&adad: &a eaea-i9 de u *er 8:)ti-:, de u *er e-: de

8ura ata*a Kerba&, a u 8:bre i: de buea a+i&ia e*8a=:&a% Qu) ;ra 8adra*tr: era, < *:bre t:d:-uad: tea :-a*i9 de a;redir -:tra &a &iteratura -:Ke-i:a& < &a *:-iedad e*tere:ti8ada 0!osin>uisidores literarios de Cer%antes) 88% !".65%

4!


32/208

EL FIEL CONTRASTE DEL YERMO

Fue ta+bi) Madaria;a (uie :b*erK9 (ue Cardei: era ua e*8e-ie de -:trai;urade D:r:tea1 orotea o la liste7a rete a Cardenio o la #obard6a. T:da &a de*;ra-ia deCardei: +aa de ta i+ia -au*a re+:ta -:+: *u ti+ide' ate &a* +euda*

-:+8&i-a-i:e* de urbaidad (ue *: t:d: &: (ue, a& -:+ie':, *e iter8:e ate *u+atri+:i: -: Lu*-ida% Se trata de u :Ke -:rt: de &u-e*, de ti+ide' 8at:&9;i-a $4 <e*e-ia&+ete 8a*iK:, 8ue* *e a&&a -:Ke-id: de (ue -uad: trae &a* de*;ra-ia* &a-:rriete de &a* e*tre&&a*, -:+: Kiee de a&t: aba:, de*8e=Hd:*e -: ur:r < -:Ki:&e-ia, : a< uer'a e &a tierra (ue &a* dete;a, i idu*tria u+aa (ue 8reKeir&a*

8ueda !, 6#% L: 8:-: (ue Cardei: a-e e* *ie+8re a de*tie+8: < *u e*8e-ia&idad-:*i*te e re-:*truir, +:r:*:, &: (ue debera aber di-: : e-: e ta& : -ua&+:+et: e (ue i i': i di: ada% De*8u)* 8a;a -: &:* i:e*iK:* -abrer:* &a-9&era (ue : *e atreKi9 a de*atar ate e& a+i;: traid:r, a -u


33/208

e& de-ir &a -au*a de&&a* a -uat:* :r &a (uiere !, 6#% P:r t:d: e&&: *u +H* :d:te+:r e* e& de re-u8erar &a -:rdura, -: *u* i+8&-ita* re*8:*abi&idade*% Y: : (uier:*a&ud *i Lu*-ida !, 6#, &e* de-&ara, taate, a $6 *u* a+i;:*, -:+: *i )*ta ubierade baar de& -ie&: : a8are-er detrH* de a&;ua 8e=a, (ue e* &: (ue -a*i a &a &etra :-urrede*8u)*, 8:r :bra < ;ra-ia de &a 8er*:a de d: Qui:te%

D:r:tea u


34/208

etre &a* :tra* 8iedra* de& arr:


35/208

8r:te*ta de Lu*-ida -:rre, e ee-t:, a& i&: de ua /o'a) 8er: : de a-er:, *i: de 8a8e&, e (ue tarda+ete < e e& 8e:r +:+et: *i-:&9;i-: +aiie*ta &a Ki:&e-iae-a a *u K:&utad% E &a *itua-i9 a8urada :8ta de*8u)* 8:r de*+a


36/208

a+:*:* o%ille'os !, 6# (ue CerKate* u-a &&a+9 a*/4% T:d: +u< ui:r+e eati&da+iet: < buea e-ura, a &a Ke' (ue e a&ta de ue;: < de aut)ti-a 8er*:a&idad,*ie+8re e &a tra*8are-ia de bue:* +:de&:* ada $# di-i&e* de idetii-ar1?ar-i&a*:, ra< Lui* de Le9, Cetia, a&;: de Le9 ebre: < ;rade* d:*i* de Cr#el dea&or /3%

L:* de*Ke&:* 8:)ti-:* de Cardei: 8eri&a de e*te +:d: ua 8er*:a&idad -read:rae&e;ate < a&ta de erKi:, (ue : 8uede a&&ar*e +H* a-:rde -: &a atura&e'a 8r:udade& 8er*:ae% Cuad: tat: C&e+e- -:+: R:dr;ue' Mar/$ ab:+ia, -: -iertaea;era-i9, de& e*ti&: artii-ia& de& bi&&ete de (uea*, : adKerta e a(ue&&a +a&a

8a*ada *u -&ara ia&idad de 8redi*8:er a& &e-t:r a-er-a de& -arH-ter de Cardei:%I+8u&*ad:, a& +i*+: tie+8:, 8:r e& 8r:-e*: de ;e+ia-i9 de& 8er*:ae e+ei:,CerKate* : a de*-uidad: ta+8:-: e& :re-er:* u -:t:r: &iterari: de &a 8r:8iaLu*-ida% E* )*ta ia e*-rit:ra de -:rre*8:de-ia a+:r:*a < 8arti-i8a e e& de*e&a-ede &a Keta -: u &id: e iei-a' di*-ur*it: de *8&i-a* *u :Ki: Cardei: a8ea* *iabre &a b:-a e a(ue&&a :-a*i9% Ea+ie+:* de -er-a *u a+:*: bi&&ete, e& (ue 8r:du:e d: Ferad: ta de*atetad: arrebat:1

Cada da de*-ubr: e K:* Ka&:re* (ue +e :b&i;a < uer'a a (ue e +H* :* e*ti+e1 < a*, *i(ui*i)rede* *a-ar+e de*ta deuda *i ee-utar+e e &a :ra, &: 8:dr)i* +u< bie a-er% Padrete;:, (ue :* -::-e < (ue +e (uiere bie, e& -ua&, *i :r'ar +i K:&utad, -u+8&irH &a (ue *erH

u*t: (ue K:* te;Hi*, *i e* (ue +e e*ti+Hi* -:+: de-*, < -:+:


37/208

DOROTEA O LA SENSUALIDAD ACEPTADA

De etre t:d: -uat: ab&a D:r:tea, au e& &e-t:r +H* di*trad: re-uerda *ie+8reua ra*e de *i;u&ar ;ra-ia < re&ieKe1 %%% < -: e*t: < -: K:&Ker*e a *a&ir de& a8:*et:

+i d:-e&&a,


38/208

traid:r di*ra'ada de 'a;a&, 8ara &: -ua& a-:+:da e ua uda de a&+:ada e& 8ar-:e(ui8ae de a&;ua* :


39/208


40/208

:r+u&ar a &a Ke' a&;ua re*erKa : 8re*tar *u ate-i9 < *i+8ata a& 8ut: de Ki*ta-:trari:%

E ua de *u* +H* 8r:uda* ru8tura* d:-tria&e* < *i-:&9;i-a* -: &a tradi-i9+edieKa&, Era*+: *e a&'a a 8r:-&a+ar &a* e-e&e-ia* de& +atri+:i: -:+: e*tad: +H*re-:+edab&e 8ara &a i+e*a +aue) 777I !"6", 8H;ia* /3 < **% E e& Persiles !% III, -% VII Periadr:: 8uede *er +H* taate -: e& de*di-ad: 8:&a-: Orte& 0aedre1 Y ia&+ete, (uier: (ue -:*ider)i*(ue Kai* a a-er u 8e-ad: +:rta& e (uitar&e* &a* Kida*, (ue : *e a de -:+eter 8:r t:da* &a* ;aa-ia*(ue &a :ra de& +ud: :re'-a% E* -uri:*: (ue ta *i+8&e e irrebatib&e ar;u+et: tuKie*e ta e*-a*a

:rtua e &a &iteratura e*8a=:&a de& 7VII, *:bre t:d: -: Ca&der9 de &a 0ar-a, a (uie &:* e*uita*aba e*e=ad: tata te:&:;a%

#4 Eras&o * Espa:a) 88% #62.#24%

35


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La di*-re8a-ia de& ueK: -:-e8t: de& +atri+:i: -ri*tia: -: &a te:ra < &a 8rH-ti-a tradi-i:a& *e a-e +u< a;uda e &a -rti-a de &a* ui:e* -&ade*tia*% Era*+:,ViKe* < *u* di*-8u&:* ab:+ia de e&&a* -:+: -au*a de iu+erab&e* d:&:* < abu*:*,

8er: e e*8e-ia& 8:r ir -:tra &a aut:ridad de &:* 8adre* < debi&itar a* e& *etid: erHr(ui-: de &a a+i&ia#3, ta i+8:rtate /$ 8ara &a bur;ue*a < &a :b&e'a% Se+eate*

-e*ura* 8:r uer'a aba de re8er-utir de u +:d: u :tr: e &a &iteratura dei+a;ia-i9, (ue tea e e& +atri+:i: *e-ret: u: de *u* re-ur*:* +H*-:Ke-i:a&e*, < a* *e adKierte, 8:r ee+8&:, e &a* :Ke&a* de Mar;arita de NaKarra#$%CerKate* e*taba *i duda a& -:rriete de ta&e* -:tr:Ker*ia*, (ue aba dead: de *er&:a& a+8arar&a* e& C:-i&i: de Tret: ba: e& +at: de &a :rt:d:ia, < u 8a*ae de&Qui'ote b:da* de Ca+a-: *e a-e e-: de e&&a* e :r+a ab*:&uta+ete t8i-a1

\Si t:d:* &:* (ue bie *e (uiere *e ubie*e de -a*ar \di: d: Qui:te\, (uitara*e &ae&e--i9 < uridi-i9 a &:* 8adre* de -a*ar *u* i:* -: (uie < -uad: debe < *i a &a K:&utad de&a* ia* (ueda*e e*-:;er &:* +arid:*, ta& abra (ue e*-:;ie*e a& -riad: de *u 8adre, < ta& a& (ueKi: 8a*ar 8:r &a -a&&e, a *u 8are-er, bi'arr: < et:ad:, au(ue ue*e u de*baratad: e*8ada-(ue e& a+:r < &a ai-i9 -: a-i&idad -ie;a &:* ::* de& etedi+iet:, ta e-e*ari:* 8ara

e*-:;er e*tad:, < e& de& +atri+:i: e*tH +u< a 8e&i;r: de errar*e, < e* +ee*ter ;ra tiet: < 8arti-u&ar aK:r de& -ie&: 8ara a-ertar&e% Quiere a-er u: u Kiae &ar;:, < *i e* 8rudete, ate* de 8:er*e e -a+i: bu*-a a&;ua -:+8a=a *e;ura < a8a-ib&e -: (uie a-:+8a=ar*e1 8ue* 8:r (u) : arH &: +e*+: e& (ue a de -a+iar t:da &a Kida, a*ta e& 8arader: de &a +uerte, < +H* *i &a-:+8a=a &e a de a-:+8a=ar e &a -a+a, e &a +e*a < e t:da* 8arte*, -:+: e* &a de &a +uer -:*u +arid:G La de &a 8r:8ia +uer : e* +er-adura (ue ua Ke' -:+8rada *e Kue&Ke, : *e true-a :-a+bia 8:r(ue e* a--idete i*e8arab&e, (ue dura &: (ue dura &a Kida1 e* u &a': (ue *i ua Ke' &ee-Hi* a& -ue&&:, *e Kue&Ke e e& ud: ;:rdia:, (ue *i : &e -:rta &a ;uada=a de &a +uerte, : a<de*atar&e 6, !"%

Se dira e*tar e*-u-ad: de-&a+ar a Era*+: : a ViKe*% Per: *erH 8re-i*: &eer et:-e*ua -:dea-i9 de &:* +atri+:i:* -&ade*ti:* e e& -a*: de &:* a+ate* de Sierra

M:reaG A ue*tr: eteder, : a< ada (ue auestion des fe&&es T:u&:u*e,!"4#, 88% 433 < **%

#/ El pensa&iento de Cer%antes) 8% 4#/%

3!


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e*ta+et: -&eri-a&% Laud: -:e&ibatu+ ut e&i-i:re+, 8r:b: +atri+:iu+ ut tutiu*,air+aba Era*+: e *u 8arHra*i* de &a Pri+era E8*t:&a a &:* C:riti:*25, < &a 8a&abrade-i*iKa e )*te -:+: e tat:* :tr:* tet:* *i+i&are* e* a(u tutius) +H* *e;ur:% Per:e e*te +i*+: 8ut: e* d:de Kea a (uebrar u -:-e8t: de& +atri+:i: (ue &:Ka&:raba *9&: -:+: i*tru+et:, -:+: 89&i'a 8ara ua Kida :rdeada < *i *:bre*a&t:*

-: (ue ;raear, ade+H*, e *u da, e& de*-a*: eter:% TrHta*e e e& :d: de ua ideae;:*ta, 8r:*ai-a < bur;ue*a, e (ue &a 8a*i9 : etra e ue;: *i: -:+: e&e+et:di*ru8t:r% E& de*e: *eua& *e;ua *ied: +irad: -: &:* +a&:* ::* -:atura&e* -: e&&e;ad: te:&9;i-: a;u*tiia:% Se; e& +i*+: En#/iridion !$54 &:* e*8:*:* deba

8r:-urar (ua+ +ii+a+ abet tur8itudii*, 8&uri+u+ e-uditati* i u&&: ei+ Kitae*tatu : tur8i**i+u+ e*t *erKare &ibidii2!% Y : *e di;a de *u e*-rit: uKei& 8ara &a*ee(uia* de &a buea *e=:ra 0erta de e


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*:bre t:d:, a +aera de tri-era *:-ia& -: &a (ue adie, < +e:* a &:* 8:eta*,tedra dere-: a t:+ar*e &a +e:r &i-e-ia1 &a de ei;ir&e ta+bi) u +i+: deauteti-idad *eua&, 8:;a+:* 8:r -a*:% Frete a idea* -:+: &a* de Era*+: < ViKe*, aCerKate* : *e &e da ada de &:* +atri+:i:* -&ade*ti:* i &e 8re:-u8a tat: &aaut:ridad 8atera, (ue : era e e& :d: *i: e& i+8eri: de &:* +H* r:* +ateria&i*+:*

*:-ia&e*% Deiede e -a+bi: ua a+8&ia &ibertad e &a e&e--i9 de -9


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e*-ea (ue i&u*tra e& +H* a+8&i: triu: de &a ite&i;e-ia *:bre e& *e:% D:r:tea 8uede*er Ki*ta a* -:+: u ;ra ar;u+et: 8rH-ti-: e aK:r de &:* ra':ab&e* dere-:* de)*te detr: de ua i*titu-i9 (ue, *e; &a idea -erKatia, a de 8r:Keer a &a e&i-idadde :+bre < +uer a& +i*+: tie+8: (ue *irKe de 8uta& < ba&uarte a &a *:-iedad2"%C:+: e*t: : :-urre *i+8&e+ete e3 opere operato < *u8:e u 8r:b&e+a re:Kad:

a*ta e& iiit: e -ada 8area u+aa, e& +atri+:i: e* a* 8ara CerKate* ua tarea,ua 8rueba < ua aKetura e (ue e* 8re-i*: dar buea -ueta de * < -:rrer rie*;:* (ue 8uede *er +:rta&e*, 8ue* a e*tH e& 8at)ti-: Etre+e=: -:+: te*ti;:% P:r &: +i*+:, e&+atri+:i: : 8:drH *er a+H* ;arata de ua Kida *e;ura < a-:&-ada, *e; &:

8itaba Era*+: -)&ibe e*-ru8u&:*: 8:r :tra 8arte% Y de e*te +:d: CerKate* :e+8ua a *u* 8er*:ae* a-ia e& -:ubi: de u +:d: aut:+Hti-: i rK:&:, *i: (ue&:* :b&i;a a *urir ua e*8e-ie de a*-e*i* 8urii-ad:ra (ue &e* 8er+ita abra'ar&: -:*eriedad < a&tura de e*8ritu, *i (ue de*di;a de e*ta &e< e& -a*: +i*+: de D:r:tea%C:+: e& -:-e8t: e* u-i:a& e a+b:* *etid:*, CerKate* a ;u*tad: ta+bi) dee8&:rar e& reKer*:, a& :re-er:* 8ara +edita-i9 e& tri*t*i+: -ur*: < de*e&a-e de+atri+:i:* -:dead:* < #6 ab*urd:*, bie 8:r diere-ia de edade*, -e&:*

+aiHti-:* : e-&u*iKa de8ede-ia de& a8etit: -ara& e& 8:&a-: Orte& 0aedre de& Persiles2. Su* 8er*:ae* +H* i+8:rtate* %an a-ia e& +atri+:i: (ue 8uede *er e&i'-:r:a de *u* Kirtude* : %ienen de )& a;:biad:* 8:r e& ard: de *u* e;:*+:* <err:re*% Cuad: &a 8ere-ta ar+:a e e& a+:r Kirtu:*: : a8are-e u*tii-adau-i:a&+ete, *i: *e da -:+: u *i+8&e *u8ue*t: 8reKi: *e; :-urre -: Periadr:< Auri*te&a, &:* 8er*:ae* (ueda ue-:*, de*Kad:* < i de &e:* a&-a'a a

8are-e+:* -erKati:*%

EL PERSONAJE CERVANTINO

C:&u


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8r:b&e+a : -ua& idea% Su 8r:89*it: e e& ee+8&: (ue e+:* e*tudiad: : e* +H* i+e:* (ue e& de arrar &a i*t:ria *eti+eta& de u:* a+ate* -:+: e8i*:di: e e&&ibr: bur&e*-: de u 8:bre ida&;: &:-:%

CerKate* : *e 8r:8:e a* e*e=ar:* ada, < te;a+:* e -ueta (ue 8ara e&&:a teid: (ue t:+ar -a&-u&ada di*ta-ia de &a e*t)ti-a &iteraria :i-ia& de *u tie+8:% Para

e& -&a*i-i*+: #4 e:ari*t:t)&i-: < trideti: &a &iteratura aba de e*e=ar, < e*e=arera u*ta+ete e*:1 de*arr:&&ar &e--i:e*, *:&: (ue a iKe& de adu&t:* < -: &a er+:*a-:bertura -:+: aui&iar 8eda;9;i-:% La &iteratura -:+: 8retet: 8ara *er+:-i-:* <di*erta-i:e* -:+: &a* (ue a-er-a de ;e:;raa *e8tetri:a& :* 8redi-a e& +i*+:CerKate* e *u traba: Persiles) ua Ke' (ue *e de-idi9 a 8a-tar -: a(ue&&a* idea* a&u*:% Per: e e& Qui'ote : a< 8rete*i9 de dear *i e+8&e: a &:* 8:bre* +ae*tr:* dee*-ue&a, i ei*te e& +e:r iter)* e &&eKar a;ua a i; +:&i:% Cierta+ete : a&+u< de*Ke-iad: de &a E*8a=a :i-ia& de *u tie+8:, 8er: ta+8:-: a& de -ua&(uiera :traide:&:;a deiida < re-::-ib&e% E& u+ai*+: -ri*tia:, +u< 8r:uda+etei-:r8:rad: de*de *u 8ri+era uKetud, : re8re*eta e CerKate* i;ua 8:*turad:-triaria, *i: u -i+iet: 8ara e& 8r:8i: edii-i:, u e*ti&: ite&e-tua& < ua +eta

ai:&9;i-a t:+ada e e& *etid: +H* a+8&i: < &eib&e% C:+: e t:da +ete de &ar;:a&-a-e -read:r, ua deter+iada d:-tria *i;ii-a 8ara )& u :ri':te tra* e& (ue


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e3peri&entable 8ara e& &e-t:r : a< (ue de-ir (ue de u +:d: i&u*:ri:, < a e*tH e&+i&a;r:% L:* 8er*:ae* de& Qui'ote : *: a* &:* de 0:--a--i: i &:* de &a reia de

NaKarra, (ue 8are-e +er:* *erKid:re* a*a&ariad:* de &a a--i9, i ta+8:-: &:**er+:e* b8ed:* de Mate: A&e+H, ta e*8&)did:* < ta :di:*:*% D:r:tea e* &i*ta <Cardei: 8u*i&Hi+e, 8er: : a;:ta e di-a* -ate;:ra* t:da *u ra'9 de *er, < 8:r e*:

: *e 8are-e ta+8:-: a& AKar:, a& Mi*Htr:8: : a& A8re*iK: de M:&iere% L:* +H*a&t:* a&-a-e* ide:&9;i-:* (ue e )& a


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LEANDRA, ZORAIDA Y SUS FUENTESFRANCO.ITALIANAS

I

LA CA0RA MANCHAA

E &:* &ti+:* -a8tu&:* de &a 8ri+era 8arte de& Qui'ote 8r:-ura CerKate* edu&'ar

-: diKer*idad de e8i*:di:* < -:&:(ui:* &a tri*te'a de &a Kue&ta de& -aba&&er:,e-atad: a:ra e &a u+i&&ate -arreta 8:r :bra < ;ra-ia de& -ura Per: P)re' < e& barber: Mae*e Ni-:&H*, uer'a* KiKa* de a(ue&&a a&dea -u


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a e&e;id: -:+: te+a e& +a&de-ir de &a &i;ere'a e i-:*ta-ia de &a* +uere*, (ue Kere&eada ta+bi) e &a* &:-a* aKetura* < e*-a8at:ria* de &a er+:*a -abra Man#/ada)(ue 8:r *er e+bra &a te;: e 8:-:, au(ue e* &a +e:r de t:d: +i a8er: !, $!%

La* breKe* 8H;ia* de &a *e-i&&a :Ke&ita ate*:ra i-:tab&e* 8ri+:re* di;:* de-:+etari:% Per: ate* de -:tiuar -: Leadra < *u* +a&adad:* -a8ri-:*,

-:Kedra : 8a*ar 8:r a&t: -9+: e& 8r:8i: Eu;ei: reKe&a *u -arH-ter a& ab&ar:* dea(u)&&a% P:r(ue e*ta+:* ate :tr: -a*: de &iteratura *ubida a &a -abe'a, &a'ad: de*de utriKia& a*ider: a KiKir -:+: rea&idad e& artii-i: 8a*t:ri&, &:-ura 8ara&e&a a &a -aba&&ere*-ade d: Qui:te < -u


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e*tH *a-ad: +Hi+: 8artid: de u H+bit: -a&-u&ada+ete 8e(ue=: < &a i*t:ria adaiaudita de &a at:adi'a be&&e'a 8ueb&eria :* Kiee -:tada, ade-uada+ete, 8:r uai;ura de :Ke e 8&e: *ara+8i9 &iterari:, a*i:*: de &u-ir *u &abia bie a8redida ded9+ie* < de &a* 8ri+era* -arti&&a* de ret9ri-a%

LA LEANDRA DE DURANTE DA ?UALDO

La i*t:ria de Leadra debi9 *er, *:bre 8:-: +H* : +e:*, ua de &a* +H* re8etida*e &a rea&idad -:tidiaa de a(ue&&a )8:-a, -uad: t:da tr:8a *:&a arra*trar -: *ui+8edi+eta ua -aterKa de e+bra* de diKer*:* 8e&ae*% a*ta e &a a&dea de d:Qui:te *u-eda -a*:* 8:r e& e*ti&:, *e; te*ti+:i: de &a -arta de Tere*a Pa'a a *u+arid:, -: a(ue&&a ;ra-i:*a 8ar:dia de& -ua*i ;)er: -:te+8:rHe: de &a* nue%as :a%isos de -:rte31 P:r a(u 8a*9 ua -:+8a=a de *:&dad:* &&eKHr:*e de -a+i: tre*+:'a* de*te 8ueb&: : te (uier: de-ir (ui) *:1 (ui'H K:&KerH, < : a&tarH (uie &a*t:+e 8:r +uere*, -: *u* ta-a* buea* : +a&a* 6, $6% MH* a, CerKate* 8are-eaber -a8tad:, e &a be&&a < -a8ri-:*a Leadra, u ti8: u+a: ite+8:ra&, 8ue* (u)

8ueb&e-i&&: : (u) barri: : tiee, 8:r &: +e:*, ua LeadraG 0H*te:* re-:rdar, ada+H*, &a 8ue*ta a& da de &a i*t:ria -erKatia e El rapto de Fra-i*-: A


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de&e'ab&e, e+butid: e Keiti-uatr: -at:* reb:*ate* a *u Ke' de aKetura*de*a:rada*% A&-a'9 a 8e*ar de e&&: : ta& Ke' 8:r e&&: idudab&e 8:8u&aridad, 8ue* *e-ata&:;a ua Keitea de edi-i:e*, e *u +a


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di+:*tra e& erir tat: ` ra8it:,di**e i& S:&da: a&&a i;&ia 8ia-ete,;:di, e tri:a de& bar9 8:**ete%

IV, 8% 3#

Leadra *e *irKe de u: de *u* -a+arer:* 8ara de-&arar *u a+:r a Ria&d:, *i bie

)*te, a 8e*ar de *u* buea* 8a&abra*, : *e a&&a de+a*iad: di*8ue*t: a -:+8r:+eter*ede Kera* -: &a *arra-ea% Vue&Ke )*ta a i*i*tir 8ara (ue *u 8adre &a etre;ue e+atri+:i: < *e e-iede -ada Ke' +H* e a+:re* de& -aba&&er:, de& (ue : -:*i;ue+H* (ue a&;u:* be*:* < -ari-ia*% Ua -ita :-tura dea a Leadra -:*u+i)d:*e eKa:, 8:r(ue Or&ad: *er+:ea a Ria&d: 8ara (ue : trai-i:e a Cri*t: -: &a &ida+u*u&+aa1

Di**e [ Ria&d: i& C:te, -u;i +i:;uarda di : adare -: &a da+a,rate& : are i;iuria a& :*tr: Di:,-e e&&a -r:-e i**: tutti -ia+a,tu *ei Cri*tia:, e (ue&&a ` Sara-ia,de ;uarda, -e : a--i ta& ra8ia%

V, 8% $/

L&e;a e e*t: a& S:&dH u +e*aer: de& eter: traid:r ?a:, (ue &e reKe&a &aKerdadera idetidad de &:* 8a&adie*% E& *arra-e: arde et:-e* e de*e:* de Ke;a'a,

8ue* Ria&d: aba +uert: a *u 8ri+:;)it: e :tra* aKetura*% P:r e&&: *e 24a8re*ura a 8arti-i8ar a Leadra e& *e-ret: < a 8edir&e *u -:+8&i-idad 8ara a8:derar*e atrai-i9 de ta te+ib&e* u)*8ede*% Per: &a :Ke *e a8re*ura a 8:er&:* *:bre aKi*: de&

8e&i;r: < urde u 8&a de u;a (ue, tai+ada+ete, brida a *u 8adre -:+: *e;uraa=a;a'a 8ara etre;ar&e a Ria&d: < &:* *u


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i ua r:--a :rte, e be :rita:i adere+:, e -a+8erai &a Kita%

VI, 8% /$

A e*ta ro##a : :rta&e'a *e a-:;e, 8ue*, Leadra < *u* a+i;:*, 8er: *e;uid:* a u=ade -aba&&: 8:r &:* e)r-it:* de& Ke;atiK: S:&dH, (ue &e* 8:e e*tre-: -er-:% Si;ue

iiidad de -ruet:* < uribud:* -:+bate*, (ue 8er+ite a Leadra *a-iar, a& +e:*,*u *ed de Ker rea&i'ar a *u 8a&ad &a* +H* iaudita* 8r:e'a*% Per: -uad: &a ro##a e*iKadida 8:r u 8a*adi': *e-ret:, &:* -aba&&er:* a-e ua *a&ida a &a de*e*8erada < 23Leadra, tra* +a&de-ir *u tri*te *i: < e& a+:r -ara& (ue a&& &a a -:du-id:, *e arr:ade*de &: a&t: de ua t:rre < +uere de*8eda'ada1

-e de &a&+a *ua *:&: i& *H Di:,+a i& i di ta&e a+:r +:&t: ri:%

VI, 8% #6

E& re*t: de& 8:e+a -are-e de t:d: iter)*% Ria&d: < &:* *u


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ua &ea de -a&-u&ad: -:tra*te -uad: *u*titu


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N: *i;ii-a e*t: (ue Durate da ?ua&d: a


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a*ta &a *a-iedad 8:r &:* 8:eta* de -a-i:er:*!3% La +uer -:+: &uuria i*a-iab&e,uete de -ri+e < de -:rru8-i9, Kie*i+: te+a bb&i-:, re:r'ad: e &a Edad Media

8:r e& e*8ritu +:H*ti-:!$ < 8:r 0:--a--i:, -:tra8artida de &a deii-a-i9 i&9;ia de &a&iteratura -:rt)*% La !eandra de Durate da ?ua&d: : e* *i: u: de &:* &ti+:* <+e:* i&u*tre* e*&ab:e* de e*ta &ar;u*i+a -adea%

P:r *u 8arte, CerKate* a e-: ta+bi) de *u Leadra e& t8i-: e8i*:di: +i*9;i:detr: de& ;ra re8ert:ri: te+Hti-: de& Qui'ote. Leadra, *e a di-:, e* ee+8&: de &a+a&a e&e--i9!/% "5 Y e ee-t:, *u -:du-ta e* ea-ta+ete &a (ue d: Qui:te

u';aba i+8:*ib&e -uad: re-::-a (ue *i &a* ia* *e ubiera de -a*ar *i -:*e: de*u* 8adre*, ta& abra (ue 8reirie*e a& (ue Ki: 8a*ar 8:r &a -a&&e, a *u 8are-er, bi'arr: <et:ad:, au(ue ue*e u de*baratad: e*8ada- 6, !"%

N: e* :tr:, 8ue*, e& *etid: de& a-er-a+iet: *i+b9&i-: de Leadra a ua -abra,ai+a& 8r:Kerbia&+ete &uuri:*: < a&t: de +:&&era!#% Ua -abra, 8ara -:&+:,

Man#/ada@ Ma* (u) 8uede *er *i: (ue *:i* e+bra, < : 8:d)i* e*tar *:*e;ada (ue+a& a


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&iteraria de *u )8:-a% Y -: t:d:, : e* e*te e-:, a& i < a& -ab: ta detr: de &::r+a&, &: +H* Ka&i:*: (ue :* a


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e* &: (ue e& aut:r (ui*: a-er de*i&ar *:bre *u e*tre-: < 8ri+itiK: tab&ad:1 &ade8reda-i9 8irHti-a de u 8ueb&: -:*ter: e*8a=:&, e*-ea* de& -autiKeri: ar;e&i:


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Zara, (ue *9&: era :8:rtuidad 8ara *a-ar a &a* tab&a* e& -uadr: de u -a*a+iet:a+ei'ad: -: da'a* a &a +:ri*-a e*-ea de )it: *e;ur:% P:r e& +i*+: -a+i:, e&-:*tad: re&i;i:*: 8ierde *u* +aie*ta-i:e* de ee-t: H-i& < (ueda redu-id: a& +i+:e*e-ia&% De*a8are-e &a* e*-ea* de +artiri: < -: e&&a* *e Ka ta+bi) &a 8r:*ai-a

8er*:a&idad *u;erida 8:r e& :+bre de Juaa de Retera, di&uida a:ra e &a ieb&a de

u:* re-uerd:* de i=e' < de ua* a8ari-i:e*% E& te+a de &:* *uri+iet:* de &:*-autiK:* *e redu-e ta+bi) a& re-uerd: de &a &e;edaria -rue&dad de A'H A;H, tade*+etida de*8u)* 8:r *u -&e+e-ia -: u *:&dad: e*8a=:& &&a+ad: ta& de SaaKedra!, 35%

La tra*:r+a-i9 de &a -:+edia e :Ke&a : *e &:;ra, *i e+bar;:, e Kirtud deua 9r+u&a a8&i-ada -: ui:r+idad% La -arta de Zara.Z:raida, a&;: &ar;a < 8re+i:*ae !os ba:os de Argel) e8eri+eta ua *abia 8:da ite*ii-ad:ra, (ue &e da u aire detradu--i9 de& arHbi;: < e*, 8:r * *:&a, e& +e:r retrat: de &a da+ita1 i+a;e dei:-e-ia < auda-ia, a&;: 8a;ada de * +i*+a < :b*e*a -: &a idea de 8i*ar tierra-ri*tiaa% Per: e& re-ur*: de &a -:rre*8:de-ia *e de*arr:&&a a *u Ke' +u-:, < Z:raidae*-ribe ua *e;uda -arta, +u< e-e*aria 8ara +:*trar&a e a-t: de a*u+ir &a* rieda*

de &a a--i9, tra'ad: -: ra bri&&ate' t:d: e& 8&a de &a u;a% Se a *u8ri+id: +u-:* "$ 8er*:ae* iti&e* de &a -:+edia, 8er: *e -rea u ti8: ueK: de Ree;ad:,

8ara (ue de )& de8eda &a ee-u-i9 +ateria& de& 8&a% N: a< e*-ea* de +artiri:* de br:-a ;:rda, < e -a+bi: *e i-e de 8ura e+:-i9 re&i;i:*a e& +:+et: -etra& de &a:Ke&a, -uad: ua b&a-a +a: *a-a de &a Ketaa ua -ru-e-ita e-a de -a=a*,+araKi&&:*: 8&a: -ie+at:;rHi-:,


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e*tre&&a (uiere (ue -ai;a 8ri*i:er: e &a +i*+a :rada de Le8at:, da de bi&: 8ara&a -ri*tiadad% Si;ue e *u re&at: ua e8erta reKi*i9 -rti-a de &:* e-:* +H* :tab&e*de &a 8:&ti-a +editerrHea e*8a=:&a e &:* a=:* (ue *i;uier: a& ;ra triu: aKa&, <-u


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de ri(ue'a*% La i*t:ria de& CautiK: re*8:de a u -&ar: 8&a tri8artit:, -u


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de a+:r < du&'e +e+:ria,< e* bie (ue Kerdad < i*t:riaa&e;re a& etedi+iet:%Y au :< *e a&&arH e e&&a Ketaa < e& ard%Y a(u da e*te trat: i,

(ue : &e tiee e& de Ar;e&6/

%

E*ta* 8a&abra* de& -autiK: d: L:8e de-&ara, 8ue*, -:+: :ri;e de &a :bra -iert:-uet: de a+:r +u< -::-id: e Ar;e&, < J% O&iKer A* a e+8e=ad: *u ;ra *aber de :rieta&i*ta e &a tarea de aKeri;uar -uH& e* e*a Kerdad < i*t:ria a (ue *e reierea(u CerKate*% Su ru-tera iKe*ti;a-i9 a-&ara (ue A;i M:rat: a


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T:d: e*te ra':a+iet: tiede, ua Ke' +H*, a-ia &a -ara-ter*ti-a i-:+8re*i9de& e9+e: &iterari:


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u t:ta& de Keite i-&uue de C/arle&agne) 88% 42/ < **% M% Me)de' Pe&a


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% Va;aa< -:rri;i9 8:-: de*8u)* e& e*tudi: de Cir:t e e& *etid: de :re-er 8rueba* de (ue &a &e


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L: +H* :tab&e e e*te -a*: e* (ue CerKate* -::-a ta+bi), *i duda, &a* -:8&a*de e*ta Mori#a garrida (ue, arta de r:dar, aba dad: ta+bi) -: *u* ue*:* e0erbera% Pre-i*a+ete e !os ba:os de Argel e& i=: Fra-i*(uit: utur: +Hrtir *e

bur&a de& ur:r -: (ue -iert: Cad *:d:+ita trata de a&ear&: de *u Kirtu:*: 8adre e&-i*te ba*tate burd: a&ude a &a* tri&&ada* -:8&a* < e* a-:;id: -: e*8at: 8:r e&

er+a: Juai-: < red: 8:r e& +:ra': Caura&1

(ran. Va&a+e Di:*, (ue a&teradae*tH &a +:ra ;arrida

Juan. Ca&&a, er+a:, 8:r tu KidaCau. E& tiee ;ra-ia e*tre+ada

II, 8% 6"6

F% L98e' E*trada a e*tudiad:, -: ee+8&ar di&i;e-ia, &a* re&a-i:e* de &a* -:8&a* de !a &ori#a garrida -: &a tradi-i9 de &a *errai&&a, -: e& te+a de &a +a&+aridada, -:u de#ir de Fra-i*-: I+8eria& < -: e& a+:*: r:+a-e de Va&d:Ki:*% P:r(ue e*te

Va&d:Ki:*, )r:e -ar:&i;i: 0aud:i*, ta+bi) tuK: *u aKetura -: ua +:ri-a (ue*e K:&Ki9 -ri*tiaa 8:r *u* a+:re*1

Ta -&ar: a'e &a &ua-:+: e& *:& a +edi:da,-uad: *a&e Va&d:Ki:*de &:* -a=:* de SeKi&&a%P:r e-uetr: *e &a uK:una &ori#a garrida)< *iete a=:* &a tuKieraVa&d:Ki:* 8:r a+i;a%Cu+8&i)d:*e *u* *iete a=:*Va&d:Ki:* (ue *:*8ira%

\S:*8ira*te*, Va&d:Ki:*,a+i;: (ue ues Pari*, !"$5, I, 88% 66".633%

/2


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&a Pe*u&a, e*8:*a de& re< ?uite-& de &:* *a:e*, (ue 8ara 0:de& era ta+bi)+u*u&+ae*% Ea+:rada de &a Ka&eta de& ;uerrer: ra-:, e* e&&a +i*+a &a (ue &e da-ita e e& 8r:8i: -a+8a+et: de *u e*8:*:, 8ara &: -ua& a de atraKe*ar -: ;ra 8e&i;r:e& Ri, -9+:da+ete redu-id: a &:* -a=:* de SeKi&&a -a=:* de Car+:a 8araue*tr: Va&d:Ki:*% Su-e*iKa* -ita* de &:* a+ate* *irKe 8ara e&:dar +H* < +e:r a&

re< *a9 e *u 8a8e& de +arid: ab:rre-ib&e < +ere-ida+ete bur&ad:% P:r i Car&:*+ata e -:+bate *i;u&ar a ?uite-&, 0aud:i* < Sebi&e *e -a*a -:+: -ri*tia:* <KiKe e&i-e*, au(ue : 8:r +u-: tie+8:, e &a -iudad de Tre+:i*%

Ei*te, 8ue*, :bKi: < *i;ii-atiK: 8arete*-: etre &a* -:8&a* de !a &ori#a garrida) e& r:+a-e de Va&d:Ki:* < &a &eaa C/anson des Saines) 8ue* &a reia SeKi&&ae* ta+bi) :tra +a&+aridada% E& e*tudi: de ua de &a* tradi-i:e* bH*i-a* (ue a;raKitad: *:bre &a -rea-i9 -erKatia Kue&Ke a* a de*e+b:-ar de &&e: e e& Ka*t:de89*it: de &a* ;e*ta* -ar:&i;ia*% E& te+a de &a* *arra-ea* (ue u


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(ue -ir-u&aba e Ar;e&, -uueste du grant ro* C/arle&aigne) -u


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*u* d:-e 8are*% Quiere de*8u)* &a +a&a *uerte (ue O&iKer:* < -uatr: -:+8a=er:* -ai;a 8ri*i:er:* de& 8adre de FierabrH*, 0a&a e& A&+irate de E*8a=a, e *u -a8ita& de A;ua*Muerta* Ai;re+:re e e& :ri;ia& ra-)*% L:* 8a&adie* *: *e8u&tad:* e uaedi:da +a'+:rra, < *u* &a+et:* de*8ierta &a -uri:*idad de &a er+aa de FierabrH*,&a be&&a F&:ri8)*% E*ta *e a&e;ra +u-: de *aber (ue *: a+i;:* de ?u< de 0:r;:=a, de

(uie *e aba ea+:rad: a& Ker&e -a+8ear e ua* u*ta* -e&ebrada* e R:+a% LaatreKida 8ri-e*a &:* &ibera 8:r *u -ueta < rie*;: de &a dura 8ri*i9% F&:ri8)* e*, de*dea:ra, e& 8er*:ae 8r:ta;:i*ta, -u


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da *i;uiete 0a&a 8er*i*te e *u :b*tia-i9, u:* 8e:e* &e da +uerte e +edi: de&-a+8:% F&:ri8)* *e bauti'a < de*8:*a -a9i-a+ete -: ?u< de 0:r;:=a% Su-:Ker*i9 Ka *e;uida de &a de t:d: e& rei:, (ue *e diKide etre e&&a < FierabrH*%

F&:ri8)* re*u&ta *er, *i duda, e& 8er*:ae +H* de*ta-ad: de &a *e;uda +itad de& 8:e+a &a 8ri+era e*tH -etrada e e& Ke-i+iet: de FierabrH*% Se trata de ua er:a

id9+ita < terrib&e, a &a Ke' (ue 8:*e*a de ua *e*ua&idad de*-arada+ete tH-ti&% Ua*:&a 8ea &&euarH +i Hi+a a& *a&ir de &a* -are*, 8:r : auer -::*-id: a ?u< de0:r;:=a, di-e a& -reer 8erdid: a )*te e u: de &:* +a&:* +:+et:* de& -er-:% E&-:&i-t: -: *u 8adre e* de ua :di:*a -rude'a < ta+bi) e+:* de Ker -9+: )*te *e+e**9 &a* barba* +a&di'ied: &a :ra e (ue &a e;edrara% F&:ri8)* e* u 8er*:ae dee+iidad e&e+eta& e i-&iad: a &a Ki:&e-ia +H* a*e*ia% La d:-e&&a *arra-ea +ata

8ri+er: a 0ruta+:te, e& -ar-e&er: de &:* 8a&adie*, -: e& ;arr:te (ue :-u&ta ba: *u*utu:*: Ke*tid:% Pre-i8ita de ua a':tea a *u Kiea :dri'a, (ue *e di-e di*8ue*ta adeu-iar a 0a&a &a trai-i9 (ue *e urde e &a -H+ara de *u ia% De*8a-a de*8u)* deu a-a': a& 8ri+er a*a&tate (ue e*-a&a e& t:rre9, < 8arti-i8a e &a dee*a arr:ad:;rue*a* 8iedra* a& rete de *u* da+a*% Cuad: &a *itua-i9 *e Kue&Ke de*e*8erada,

F&:ri8)* -a8itaea *u e+ei: 8e&:t9, ar+ad: de a-a*, e e& &u;ar de +H* 8e&i;r:%Su 8a*: 8:r e& 8:e+a Ka (uedad: a&:ad: de -ad[Kere*, < a& ia& &e a&ta 8:-: 8araa=adir e& de *u 8adre a &a &u-tu:*a *erie% Si a&;: de t:da e*ta +:rtera be&i-:*idad 8:daa8are-er e e& *i;&: 7II -:+: &:ab&e -:ta;i: de e*8ritu -aba&&ere*-:, : deaba !!3de *u*-itar, -:+: Kere+:*, -ierta -:-ie-ia e*-ru8u&:*a e &a ree&ab:ra-i9 de Ni-:&H*de Pia+:te%

III

ISTORIA DE AMORG

La i*t:ria de& CautiK:, -:tada -: ta e&e;ate *:briedad, : e-e*ita de (uea* ie-are-i+iet:* a& r:+Hti-: +:d: 8ara i+8:er:* *u de: de ite*a +e&a-:&a% E&re&at: : -:tiee ua *:&a :ta (ue di*-re8e de &a terura du&-e.a+ar;a -: (ue &eKe+:* &&e;ar a &a Keta, arra*trad: t:daKa e& Ke*tid: < &a tri*te'a de& -autiKeri: <*:&-it: -u*t:di: de &a er+:*a :Ke (ue 8:dra *er *u ia, *irKi)d:&a


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*i bie +H* &&eKad:* de &a ier-ia de a&*i&&a* -:Ke-i:a&e* !!$ (ue de ua re-ta-:+8re*i9 de &a* 8H;ia* -erKatia*% Per: &: -iert: e* (ue e*ta+:* ate ua :Ke&ade -autiKeri:, e &a (ue t:d: &: de+H* e* a--ideta& < d:de e& a+:r a *id: tratad: -::tab&e ria&dad% E& re&at: de& CautiK: : e* ua *i+8&e e*-eii-a-i9 de& -uet: dea+:r < du&'e +e+:ria, i +e:*, -:+: &a -:+edia de !os ba:os de Argel) u ;rat:

eer-i-i: (ue a&e;re a& etedi+iet:% T:da e*ta diere-ia de ;)er:, e*ti&:


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ta arrie*;ada aKetura, < : a-e ta+8:-: &a +e:r +e-i9 e *etid: +atri+:ia& ia+:r:*:% E& re&at: de& Ca8itH a:ta, *i e+bar;:, ua ueKa 8r:+e*a 8:r *u 8arte1Ore-+e&e de ueK: de *er *u e*8:*:% !, 35% Y 8:-: de*8u)* re-ibe 8:r e&e8ediete de &a -a=a &a e:r+e *u+a de d:* +i& e*-ud:*%

CerKate* -uida e& 8ri+er e-uetr: de& CautiK:, Z:raida < A;i M:rat: -: u ti:

reiad: (ue -:tra*ta -: &a Ku&;aridad de &a e*-ea -:rre*8:diete e !os ba:os de Argel. E& Kie: +:r: a8are-e 8:r 8ri+era Ke' e 8er*:a


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dad: -&ara* *e=a&e* < +ue*tra* (ue *e de*+a


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QuHd: e Kerte arH* (ue Keai +i* te+:re* < e::*G

III, 8% 44#%

Y &: +i*+: -uad: *e e-uetra e &a 8&a


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+e&a-9&i-a 8a*iKidad de *u de*ti: a-e8tad: < e &a 8re*e-ia de &a +uer (ue &ea-:+8a=a e e& a*i&&:%

LA FU?A

La :Ke&a de& CautiK: -u&+ia *u* e+:-i:e* e ua rH8ida *u-e*i9 de aKetura*(ue arra-a de &a +i*+a 8&a


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&a* buea* :r+a*, 8:r(ue &a ir+e e;atiKa de& Ree;ad: : *u*-ita rea--i9 a&;ua e(uie *e Ke


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\O ia+e +:'a < +a& a-:*eada +u-a-a Ad9de Ka*, -ie;a < de*atiada, e 8:der de*t:* 8err:*, atura&e* ee+i;:* ue*tr:*G Ma&dita *ea &a :ra e (ue


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&aberti-a < dud:*a$3% AdKi)rta*e (ue Z:raida : +ueKe a+H* u ded: 8:r &a-:Ker*i9 de *u 8adre% N: *e ereta -: )& e i; terre: de -ree-ia*, < 8:r e&&:i *i(uiera iteta 8er*uadir&e de &a Kerdad -ri*tiaa% Z:raida < A;i M:rat: : *e a&&a*e8arad:* 8:r i; 8r:b&e+a re&i;i:*:, *i: 8:r ua ab*:&uta diKer;e-ia de *i;:Kita&1 -etrad: )& e *u a+:r de 8adre < e&&a e e& de Le&a Mari) : e& de& CautiK:%

Ua :bKia :8:*i-i9 e e& terre: 8*i-:&9;i-: e*a-a, ade+H*, e*a i*ura1 )& e*ae-tu:*:, &ea&, -:iad: e&&a e* ite&i;ete, ra, di*i+u&ad:ra% Padre e ia *:, 8ara-:&+:, *ere* e(uiK:-ad:* e *u +utua a8re-ia-i9% A;i M:rat: Ke e Z:raida, :u*-ad:

8:r *u terura, ua *u+a de 8ere--i:e*% IKer*a+ete, e&&a tiee a-er-a de *u 8adre &aidea 8e


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CerKate* *e a 8ue*t: +u< 8:r de&ate de *u* -:te+8:rHe:* a& a8reder, u*ta+ete e *u -autiKeri: ar;e&i:$/, (ue !62 : a< te:&:;a -a8a' de de*arrai;ar ua -ree-ia < (ue, de a-uerd: -: u radi-a& 8au&ii*+:$#, a &:* :+bre* a< (ue

u';ar&:* 8:r *u* a-t:* < : 8:r *u* -:Ki--i:e*% Y a(u *: &a* :bra* de Z:raida &a*(ue *u*-ita *eria* re*erKa* < : &a* de *u 8adre% Fe 8:r e :* i+8re*i:a tat: : +H* &a

de A;i M:rat:, (ue : *e d:b&e;a ate e& *i: de &a +H* tri*te Kee' < (ue, *:bre t:d:,: a e-: de *u re&i;i9 a':te de u *er i:-ete < (uerid:% Z:raida : e* u 8er*:ae idead: -:+: 8aradi;+a ee+8&ar $2, < : e* 8re-i*: i*i*tir e (ue a *e !6"a&&a *u atura&e'a -erKatia < *u +a


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+H* e&e+eta&e* < -ruda* e+:-i:e* 8ara 8re*etHr:*&a e a-t: *:bera: de -errar&e*&a* 8uerta* de *u *atuari: iteri:r% P:r -:tra*te -: e& Ca8itH, a : ree-: detata* e+:-i:e*, &a* i-ide-ia* de &a terrib&e :di*ea : *: 8ara Z:raida *i: u :&eae(ue r:+8e e e*8u+a a *u* 8ie*% E u: de *u* +a


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+u-: a+:r, di-i)d:&e1 S, *, Mara, Mara% Y e&&a a de re+a-ar, -: +Hi+:)a*i*, ua Ke' +H*1 S, *, Mara, Z:raida &a#ange\ (ue (uiere de-ir no4 !, 4#%

Z:raida *e a-redita de e*ta :r+a -:+: u: de e*:* 8er*:ae* (uitae*e-ia&+ete-erKati:* (ue a-e de& a-t: de t:+ar *u* Kida* e &a* +a:*, +:&deHd:*e a *+i*+:* e e& t:r: -etru;: de&


84/208

)ti-:*% Z:raida e* a* u +araKi&&:*: 8er*:ae -u


85/208

-:*i*te e ua uida *e+brada de terrib&e* 8e&i;r:*, e &u-a -:tra u 8:der +a&)i-:< &a +a&di-i9, e e*te -a*:, de &a S:&daa +adre, (ue 8er*i;ue a &:* u;itiK:* < &e*ubiera dad: -a'a -: *u aKe, a : *er 8:r &:* :bet:* +H;i-:* -: (ue *abedeeder*e &a ia% La :Ke&a de& alateo tiee -iert:* ;rade* ra*;:* de -:ta-t: -: &ade& CautiK: -erKati:, 8er: e*, -: t:d:, u re&at: *i+8&i*ta < 8:-: +H* (ue u -uet:

iati&%E* 8re-i*: t:+ar ta+bi) e -ueta ua no%ella de& &:reti: A;:&: Fire'u:&a!3"4.!$34 -u


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M:rat:, a* -:+: &a +a&di-i9 de )*te, a 8artir de &a :*ti&idad de &a S:&daa e &a:Ke&a de& alateo espa:ol /#%

Si a&;u:* e&e+et:* de a+ba* :Ke&a* a


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*i (ue re-iba e& *at: ba8ti*+:% Y e&&a &e di:% N: -rea* er+a: (ue : +e 8e*e de &a+uerte de +i 8adre, < de &a 8erdi-i: de *u ai+a, +a* *e de -iert: (ue au(ue 8:r Kue*tr:*rue;:* e i+8:rtua-i9 re*-iba ba8ti*+:, (ue a+a* *era bue -ri*tia: % 777V, r%%

La a-u*a-i9 de 8r:-eder i+8u&*ada de &uuria, -ertera e tat:* -a*:* < *:*8e-adata+bi) a& 8ri-i8i: 8:r e& 8adre de Z:raida, a8are-e a*i+i*+: e b:-a de& A&+irate,

a& Ker a *u ia reu;iada e &a t:rre -: &:* d:-e 8are*1

O F&:ri8e* +i ia, ;rade ue tu &uuria1 (uad: 8:r e&&a dea*te a tu* di:*e*1 <Kedi*te a tu 8adre < a t:d:* tu* 8ariete*, +a* *e< -ierta (ue +u< 8re*t: te are dear e&a+:r de& -ri*tia: (ue tat: (uiere*1 -a e&&:* < tu *ere


88/208

a--e*:ri:* < triKia&e* e t:d: e& 8:e+a ita&ia:% E& S:&dH 8adre de Leadra -:i-ide-: e& A&+irate e *er u Kie: t:'ud: e irra-i:a&, *i (ue ada i adie &:;re a-er&ede*i*tir de *u* 8r:89*it:* de -ie;a Ke;a'a% Per: ta+8:-: dea de *er :tab&e -9+: &ade*a*trada +uerte de *u ia &e *u+e de*8u)* e &a +H* d:&:r:*a de*e*8era-i91

I& +i*er: S:&da ;etta &a *tridaii: a& -ie& -ia+ad: &a :rtua, 8er-e &adra :rtua : +K--ide, 8er-e &a Kita +ai atta *i brua, 8ia;ea i& S:&da, di-ed: [ &a i;&ia,d:ue *: ;&i :--i tu:i d:ue &e -i;&ia%VII, 8% #3%

E*te &&at: 8:r &a ia -:-ede a& S:&dH a&;u:* 8ut:* de Ketaa *:bre e&uribud: A&+irate -ar:&i;i:% Per: a 8e*ar de e*ta i-i8iete -:+8&eidad : ab*urd:,*e; *e +ire *e;ui+:* e*tad: ate u 8er*:ae de -aarri9, -u


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-ar:&i;ia*, 8:r -:tra*te -: &:* e-:* a+:rti;uad:* (ue de e&&a *e dete-ta etre &:*no%ellieri : e &a* &e


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La tarea de CerKate* a& -rear &a :Ke&a de& CautiK: : a *id: :tra, e &: e*e-ia&,(ue de*arr:&&ar ta&e* ;)r+ee* de 8r:b&e+ati-idad a*ta u iKe& de idea 8&at9i-a% A&&&e;ar -iert: +:+et: e& aut:r a debid: Ki*&u+brar, -:+: ba: u re&H+8a;:, &a*

8:*ibi&idade* (ue a u arte ueK: 8:da bridar e& 8aradi;+a de e*ta* a;ridu&-e* < 8e&i;r:*a* e+bra*, &e;ada*


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barr:-:.tridetia, ta &9;i-a e -uat: a8&i-a-i9 de& +)t:d: i*t:ri-i*ta, *9&: 8uedea-reditar*e a(u -:+: e;re;ia+ete iade-uada% P:r a&;: e*8eraba a& Qui'ote *i;&:* dei-:+8re*i9%

A*ediad:* 8:r tata* < ta di-i&e* i-9;ita*, &:* e*tudi:* -erKati:* tiee u:de *u* rar:* 8ut:* de &u' e e*ta d:b&e e&ab:ra-i9 de ua +ateria de a*-ede-ia bie

-::-ida e &a -:+edia de !os ba:os de Argel < e &a :Ke&a de& CautiK:% E* ua bieKeida :8:rtuidad de -:tra*tar 8r:89*it:*, re*u&tad:* < +:d:* de traba: (ue, edeter+iad: +:+et:, *e eri;e a *u Ke' e ata&a


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EL CA0ALLERO DEL VERDE ?A0ÁNY SU REINO DE PARADOJA

CERVANTES, ARQUITECTO

Cabe air+ar (ue : ei*te :< 8ar-e&a a&;ua de& Qui'ote (ue : *u*tete uaete*a bib&i:;raa < : a


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&e-t:r -u&t: < aKi*ad:% Su a+bi;edad! +i*+a : e* i; br:te de e*t)ri& ii&i*+:,*i: u re8udi: de &a* Ku&;aridade*, de &a* +:da* < de t:d: e*ti&: d:;+Hti-:% La a-titud-erKatia e* e e*t: u 8ur: a-t: de *i-eridad 8ara -: e& &e-t:r, a (uie *e e*ti+u&a a

8e*ar 8:r * +i*+: ate ua : Karia* 8er*8e-tiKa* -uaada* de re&atiKidade*% L: (ue *re(uiere CerKate* e* &a etre;a e i-:r8:ra-i9 de e*e &e-t:r a *u 8r:8ia +aera de Ker

< de +aear !32 &a* rea&idade* u+aa*, &: -ua& (uiere de-ir u K:t: de -:ia'a ee& terre: de& arte, < : e& bauti*+: e i;ua *e-ta deter+iada% Quie de*eeeteder&e abrH de *e;uir&e, -:iad: 8:r eter: e *u e8erta ;ua, 8:r(ue i;ua& (ue e&+arier: de& r:+a-e, e& aut:r de& Qui'ote *9&: -ata t:da *u -a-i9 8ara (uie-:+i;: Ka% A-titud ad+i*ib&e < &e;ti+a 8re-i*a+ete 8:r(ue *abe+:* a priori (ue: *ere+:* -:du-id:* a i;ua e-err:a ide:&9;i-a, 8:r(ue *9&: *e 8r:8:e ue*tr:;:-e < : *irKe a *e;uda* ite-i:e* de& aut:r%

CerKate* e* -:+8&e:, 8er: : ab*tru*: i i*:dab&e, : a& +e:* : e +a


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ea;erada a*ta e& 8ut: de -:rrer*e ta+bi) a &a +:tura, -:iere a& 8er*:ae uaidetidad de*ta-ada < +::-:rde, 8&ea+ete +ateida e *u de*arr:&&: 8:*teri:r%De*8u)* de t:d:, e& ;u*t: 8:r ta KiK: -:&:r : e* ada -:+, i 8are-e 8r:8i: de &a-i-uetea edad ta+bi) de d: Qui:te e i-ur*a e &a a-iaidad 8ara a(ue&&:*tie+8:*, t:d: &: -ua& a -:tribuid: a e*ti+u&ar &a -uri:*idad de &a -rti-a3% E& -aba&&er:

adate, de*:rietad: a& 8are-er 8:r !$5 &a bri&&ate idu+etaria, : e Ka:-:+ie'a 8:r &&a+ar&e *e=:r ;a&H, -:+: *i *e tratara de a&; :Ke'ue&:%Per*:a -:+edida e ;rad: *u+:, e& de& Verde ?abH trata de re8ri+ir *u etra=e'a

< de*e: de *aber *:bre a(ue&&a ata*+a a (uie da a&-a-e e *u -a+i:% Per: e* d:Qui:te !$! (uie : *iete -:rtedad a&;ua 8ara *:&i-itar *u -:+8a=a, e*tab&e-ied:de*de e*te 8ri+er i*tate ua ii-iatiKa (ue 8re*idirH &a re&a-i9 etre a+b:* 8:r t:d:e& tie+8: (ue 8er+ae'-a ut:*% Otr: de &:* :tab&e* ra*;:* de )*ta *e deie de*8u)*-: &a -a8a-idad de d: Qui:te 8ara adiKiar < &eer e& 8e*a+iet: de *u ueK: a+i;:,a& ati-i8ar*e a dar ra'9 de * < de *u* etra:rdiari:* eer-i-i:* -aba&&ere*-:*%

E* *a&udab&e -:*e: e (ue ate* (ue *e e+bar(ue a;a a&;ua r:8a de Ke*tir (ue *ea re'ia < a:rrada,

+H* 8r:ue-:*a (ue Ki*t:*a1 -: (ue *i &H*ti+a *e 8ueda a**etar e -rua, e-ar e &a* Ka&&e*tera*,arri+ar*e e 8:8a, *a&ir a tierra, deeder*e de& -a&:r, a+8arar*e de& a;ua < au 8ara teer a &a :-e 8:r -a+a1 8:r(ue &a* Ke*tidura* e ;a&era* +H* a de *er 8ara abri;ar (ue : 8ara :rar !ibro de losinuentores del arte del &arear * de &u#/os traba'os >ue se passan en las galeras) e !as obras del illustre se:or don Antonio de ue%ara Va&&ad:&id, !$3$, % 6!4 r%

3 E E*8e-ia& V% A% Ca+ber&i < Ja-W Xeier, C:&:r S


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C:rte*+ete :r'ad: a a-er &: +i*+:, e& -aba&&er: de& Verde ?abH *e aut:rretrata ee*t:* t)r+i:*1

\Y:, *e=:r Caba&&er: de &a Tri*te Fi;ura, *:< u ida&;: atura& de u &u;ar d:deire+:* a -:+er :


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D: Qui:te < d: Die;: e-ara a* e& +H* ab*:&ut: -:&i-t: ai:&9;i-:$% Caba&&er:*,-i-uet:e* < +a-e;:* a+b:*, !$4 8er: e& u: andante < e& :tr: estante. C)&ibee &u;ar de 8adre de a+i&ia% Ca'ad:r e*:r'ad: < : irri*:ri: +ai8u&ad:r deai+a&i&&:*% Patri+:i: e+8e=ad:, e Ke' de a-ieda 8r9*8era% er+:*a


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ade+H*, ua de-i*i9 ir+e de : re=ir !$3 8:r ada de& +ud: -: a(ue& 8er*:aede ua 8ie'a, a& (ue a8arta de &a -:tr:Ker*ia -: u e)r;i-: < -:+edid: (u)de*e e*t:a(u%

EL MARAVILLOSO SILENCIO

E& -aba&&er: de& Verde ?abH e* *:+etid: 8:r CerKate* a u e*tudi: eau*tiK:% Se-a8ta a* 8ara ue*tr: ;:-e tat: &a 8re*e-ia *i-a de *u -a*a, e &a (ue &a a--i9 *edetiee 8:r -uatr: da*, -:+: e& t:: de *u :;ar < &a* te*i:e* itera* de &a a+i&ia%A8arte de d: Qui:te < Sa-:, : a< 8er*:ae e8&:rad: +H* a :d: e t:da &a:bra% CerKate* : (uiere dear -ab:* *ue&t:*


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adate &a* d:-e&&a* de& &a;: e-atad: !, $5, ad+ira d: Qui:te < Sa-: a &a*er+:*a* 8a*t:ra* de &a i;ida Ar-adia 6, $" < *: de*8u)* *iie*tra+ete a8re*ad:*

8ara &a &ti+a bur&a de &:* Du(ue* 6, /2% E )& 8er*eKer9 t:da *u Kida ?a*aba&,ee+8&ar e*-uder: de d: ?a&a:r !, 65% F:d: de &ara%illosa >uietud reia e &aKeta 8ara &:* +a&:* 8a*:* de Marit:re* !, 6/, d:r+id: e sosegado silen#io *e a&&a

E& T:b:*: e :-a*i9 de &a Ki*ita :-tura de& -aba&&er: < *u -riad: 6, ", -: silen#ioad&irable 8e&&i'-a -rue&+ete a d: Qui:te e e& -a*ti&&: de &:* Du(ue* 6, 32 < t:d: sepultado en silen#io a-e Sa-: *u* 8re8aratiK:* de +ar-a tra* aber dad: a& tra*te*u ;:bier: 6, $4% E& -:tiu: bu&&ir de& Qui'ote da *i;u&ar re*a&te a e*t:* +:+et:*de tra*i;urad: *i&e-i:#, e (ue 8are-e *u*8eder*e !$/ e& -ur*: KiKa' de &a :bra <*e *iete -aer u Ke&: de +i*teri:% Se tra*&u-e a(u, ade+H*, e& ab:rre-i+iet: a& ruid:,ee+i;: +Hi+: de &a tarea -read:ra, (ue ub: de a*ediar a CerKate* a &: &ar;: de &a*

8er8etua* e*tre-e-e* de *u Kida% Per: e& e;re;i: tribut: a& *i&e-i: de &a -a*a de d:Die;: : *e a;:ta e ua e8&i-a-i9 ta *e-i&&a% N: a< (ue :&Kidar (ue e a(ue&+:+et: e*8a=:& e& te+a de& *i&e-i: 8ertee-e 8:r eter: a& d:+ii: de &a &iteraturaa*-)ti-:.+*ti-a, < *i d: Qui:te *e e*tre+e-e a& *etir*e eKue&t: 8:r a(ue&&a (uietud,

*e debe a &:* ar+9i-:* (ue Kibra e e& :d: -:te+8&atiK: de *u e*8ritu2% Lad:-tria de& *i&e-i: +*ti-: a e-: *u *:&e+e a8ari-i9 e e& Ter#er abe#edarioespiritual !$6# de ra< Fra-i*-: de O*ua, e& ;ra +ae*tr: de &a e*8iritua&idadra-i*-aa de& re-:;i+iet:"% Para e*te e(ui*it: -atad:r de& &ara%illoso #allar !5 )-:*tituue) IV !"64, 8% !4/%

"2


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aKa de :r i; ruid:1 a* e e*te te+8&: de Di:*, e e*ta +:rada *u


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ARQUETIPOS

Cuad: e& Ca9i;: de &a Pri+era Parte e*a&'a &a a+8&itud -read:ra (ue a u*a':ad: i;ei: :re-era, e i89te*i*, e& 8ere-t: &ibr: de -aba&&era*, e-are-ee8re*a+ete &a :8:rtuidad de 8itar a&& &a i;ura de u -aba&&er: -ri*tia:, Ka&iete <

-:+edid: !, 3#% Au(ue +H* -:+edid: (ue &: :tr: < a&;: etre+:*: e *u 8redi&e--i9 8:r -iert: -:&:r, d: Die;: 8are-e e-aar a 8ri+era Ki*ta e di-: ue-: 8rede*tiad:% !$" Per: e& Verde ?abH : re*8:de, 8:r :rtua, a i;u: de &:*r;id:* ar(ueti8:* ei;id:* 8:r e& ari*t:te&i*+: -:*erKad:r de& Ca9i;: t:&eda:%D: Die;: e+er;e -:+: u 8er*:ae KiK: < : -:+: *i+8&e re-e8tH-u&: de aburrida*

8ere--i:e*% E& -:iar&: a ta e*tre-: e*8a-i: *era 8:-: +e:* iu*t: (ue *ut:rtura e a(ue& 8:tr: de &:* +:de&:* KiK:* a (ue : a e*-a8ad: -a*i i;u: de &:*abitate* de& Qui'ote.

C:Kiee K:&Ker a& aut:rretrat: de d: Die;: de Mirada% La a+:*a 8H;ia-erKatia a8are-e re*8a&dada, e 8ri+er t)r+i:, 8:r ua reere-ia &iteraria ba*tate:bKia1 *i;ii-a u br:te e +iiatura de a(ue&&a -rea-i9 de ar(ueti8:* ta 8r:8ia de&

;ra *i;&: de& u+ai*+: (ue a-ababa de ee-er% Era u ue;: ra-i:a&i*ta < ar-i-u&t:a -:*truir u +:de&: 8ere-t: e -uat: -ira de u deter+iad: idea& u+a: *i+8&e

b*(ueda, e e& :d:, de ua +aera +H* a;radab&e de 8re*etar e& tratado de*ie+8re% Si : di*8u*i)ra+:* +H* (ue de ta& aut:rretrat:, d: Die;: 8:dra *er -:&;ad:, a ttu&: de Caballero #ristiano) e &a +i*+a ;a&era d:de *e a&&a El #ortesano) El pr6n#ipe) El es#olsti#o : e*tudiate idea& < &a (oe&ina #/ristiana 0!a

perfe#ta #asada e* *9&: e*tu-e 8ara re-:rte* bb&i-:* < eer-i-i:* de 8redi-ad:r (ue ade u*ti;ar,


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ar(uet8i-a de& u*t: +edi: ari*t:t)&i-:!$% Otr:* &: Ke *:&e+e+ete reKe*tid: 8ara+ar-ar &a :r+a )ti-a de t:da &a :Ke&a, udada e idea* e*t:i-a* (ue CerKate*-:+8artira -: etu*ia*+:!/% Para J% Ca*a&duer: re8re*eta a(ue&&a i;ura u e(ui&ibri:ar+9i-: etre e& :+bre de& Rea-i+iet: < e& de& 8ri+er 0arr:-:!#, a &a Ke' (ue e&triu: i-i8iete de u e*ti&: de Kida etre ari*t:-rHti-: < bur;u)*, bie -a8tad: uera

de E*8a=a 8:r &a 8itura de iteri:re* de Ver+eer < :tr:* +ae*tr:* :&ade*e*% !/! P:r *u 8arte, P% a'ard!2 i*ia e e& Verde ?abH u ati-i8: i*8a: de& /onnte/o&&e de Ni-:&H* Faret% E&am

Marquez Villanueva - Personajes Y Temas Del Quijote

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Transcript of Marquez Villanueva - Personajes Y Temas Del Quijote