18th International Forgemasters Meeting 2011

Contents of Proceedings

1. MARKET & INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Page 1

1:1 The Market and Industry Overview For North America 3

Anthony B. Branch, MBA, Lehigh Heavy Forge Corporation, Bethlehem, PA U.S.A.

1:2 The Open Die Forging Industry in Austria, Germany, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland in

Association With the Steel Institute VDEh 8

Dipl.- Ing. Karsten Letz, Steel Institute VDEh, Dusseldorf, Germany

Dipl.- Ing. Ralf Rech, Buderus Edelstahl GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany

1:3 The British Heavy Forging Industry In 2011 15

G. A. Honeyman, Sheffield Forgemasters International Limited, Sheffield, United Kingdom

1:4 Recent Trends And Developments In The Heavy Open-Die Forging Industry In Japan 20

Yasuhiko Tanaka, The Japan Steel Works, Ltd., Steel Business Division, Tokyo, Japan

1:5 France Market Overview 28

Fabrice Chevaleyre, Technical Coordinator, Association Frangaise de Forge

1:6 Open Die Forging Market and Industry Overview in Korea 32

Seog-Hyeon Ryu, Seok-Hee Ko, Jeog Jeon, Jung-Hoon Lee, and Joong-He Oh

Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd., Korea

1:7 Italian Market & Industry Overview 38

Dr. Mario Gussago, CEO of Fomec S.p.A., Mondovi, Italy

1:8 Forging Industry in Eastern Europe 42

Jiri Filippi, ZDAS, a.s. Metallurgy, Czech Republic

1:9 China Forging Industry 48

Wang Baozhong, China First Heavy Industries

Zhang Jin, Confederation of Chinese Metalforming Industry

1:10 Open Die Forging Industry - India Perspective 51

Ashok Kumar Sharma, L&T Special Steels & Heavy Forgings Private Limited, India

2. METAL FORMING FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT Page 57

2:1 Creusot Forge: Forty Years of Expertise in Nuclear Industry 59

G. Girardin, D. Jobard, F. Perdriset, P. Tollini, AREVA Creusot Forge, France

O. Mahdaoui, I. Poitrault, ARCELORMITTAL Industeel, CRMC, France

2:2 The Most Powerful and Most Modern Open Die Forging Plant 65

Rainer Dango, Managing Director, DANGO & DIENENTHAL Maschinenbau GmbH

Michael Pahnke, Managing Director, Wepuko-Hydraulik GmbH

Ren Qinxin, President, CITIC Heavy Machinery Company Ltd.

Wang Chunming, Vice President, CITIC Heavy Machinery Company Ltd.

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2:3 Installation and Performance of the New 140MN Open Die Forging Press 71

Takayuki Arai, Hidenao Kudo, Yasuyuki Kumagai, and Hiroto Okuno,

Forging Heat treatment Department, Muroran Plant, JSW

Shuji Sato, Mamoru Igarashi, and Hiroyuki Ohgami,Production Management Department, Muroran Plant, JSW

2:4 Power for New Dimensions at Buderus Edelstahl GmbH Wetzlar 77

Dipl.- Ing. Ralf Rech, Buderus Edelstahl GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany

2:5 The Installation of a New 100MN Open Die Forging Press 78

T. Yoshida, Y. Kagawa, H. Takahara, Y. Kauchi, M. Morii, I. Takahashi, H. Morikawa and 0. Matsumoto,

Steel Casting & Forging Division, KOBE STEEL Ltd.

2:6 Installation of Advanced 130 MN Open-Die Forging Press Facility for Gigantic Forgings in JCFC 82

S. Futagoishi, T. Yamasaki, H. Soejima, K. Ono, H. Eguchi, Mitsubishi Nagasaki Machinery Mfg. Co., Ltd.

H. Nagasako, C. Matsumoto, T. Sato, Japan Casting & Forging Corporation

2:7 Creation of a New Open Die Forging Facility on A "Brown-field" Site on Chicago's South-Side 90

John Guliana, Algirdas Underys, Bruce Liimatainen, and David Laurenson, A. Finkl & Sons Co.

2:8 The New 80 MN Open Die Forging Press of Pacific Steel 94

Kazunari Ido, Yoriyasu Futase, Daizo Kobayashi, Pacific Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd. Toyama Works

Yuhei Yamaguchi, Masami Uchida, and Syoushi Morita, Mitsubishi Nagasaki Machinery Mfg. Co., Ltd.

2:9 New Plant for Vertical Heat Treatment and Spray Quenching of Heavy Forging 99

A. Pola, M. G. La Vecchia, DIMI University of Brescia, ItalyA. Ferrari, and F. Zola, Ofar S.p.A - Visano - Brescia, Italy

2:10 Energy-Efficient Forging Furnaces With Modern HeatingTechnology Using Natural Gas and Process Off-Gases 106Volker Schneider, Jorg Poppenhager, Dieter Bokelmann, Saarschmiede GmbH, volklingen, GermanyMichael Marion, Saarstahl AG, Volklingen, GermanyWolfgang Adler3, Wolfgang Bender, VDEh-Betriebsforschungsinstitut GmbH, DOsseldorf, Germany

2:11 Green Forging - How Reducing Co2 and NOx Emissions Can Positively Affect Profits 110Dave Toocheck, Bloom Engineering Company, Inc. Pittsburgh, PA U.S.A.

2:12 Furnace Control Optimization for Energy Efficiency 115Sargon Guliana and David Laurenson, A. Finkl & Sons

2:13 New Development of Electro-Mechanically Driven Radial-Axial Ring Rolling Mills 120Manfred Brummer and Robert Duser, SMS Meer GmbH, Wagner Banning Ring Rolling Division

2:14 Full Automatic Vertical Ring Rolling Mill (VRRM) for Rolling Rings with Profiled Cross Section 124Eiichi Oka, Ryuuichirou Higashi, and Tomohiro Nomiyama,Mitsubishi Nagasaki Machinery Mfg. Co., Ltd., Japan

2:15 Online Measurement of Radial-Axial Rolled Rings with an Image Processing System 131H. Meier, J. Briselat, T. Husmann, D. Kreimeier,Chair of Production Systems, Institute Product and Service Engineering, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany

2:16 The New GFM Radial Forging Machine RF-100 at BOHLER Edelstahl in Kapfenberg, Austria 136Gerhard Lichtenegger, Bohler Edelstahl GmbH&CoKG, AustriaRupert Wieser, GFM GmbH, Austria

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3. STEEL MAKING AND REMELTING Page 141

3:1 Productivity Improvement by Coherent Burner Lance in Electric Arc Furnace 143

Masataka Tezuka, Tadashi Suzuki, Sou Ueda, Takashi Shibata and Toshifumi Nakajima.Muroran Plant, The Japan Steel Works, Ltd., Japan

3:2 Rise in Productive Capacity by Increase the Facilities in the Melting Shop 148

Takashi Ubukata, Tadashi Suzuki, Akihiro Murayama, Sou Ueda, Toshifumi Nakajima and Takashi Shibata,

Muroran Plant, The Japan Steel Works, Ltd., Japan

3:3 Improvement of Ingot Quality by Applying of Insulating Board 152

Taiichi Ueyama, Shunsuke Hori, Koji Iwanaga.Katsushige Nishiguchi, Motohiro Nagao, and Hikaru Ueta,

Steel Casting & Forging Division, KOBE STEEL, Ltd.

3:4 Production Technologies for Large Forging Ingots 156

Christian Redl, RainerTarmann, Matthias Pfennig, Harald Holzgruber,INTECO Special Melting Technologies GmbH, Austria

3:5 Recent Technological Progress on Large Ingots for Rotor Forgings 160

Yasuto Ikeda, Koji Morinaka, Tomohiro Muraoka, Japan Casting & Forging Corporation, Japan

3:6 Hollow Ingots: Thirty Years of Use to Control Segregation and Quality for Nuclearand Petrochemical Large Shells 164

G. Girardin, D. Jobard, F. Perdriset, P. Tollini, AREVA Creusot Forge, France

I. Poitrault, A. Gingell, ARCELORMITTAL Industeel, CRMC, France

3:7 The Development of Hollow Ingot Technology at Sheffield Forgemasters International Ltd. 169M. Tomlinson, J. Talamantes-Silva, P. Davies, Sheffield Forgemasters International Ltd., United Kingdom

3:8 A Study on the Fabrication of a Large Hollow Ingot by CAE 173Sang-Hun OH and Dong-Hee Lee, POSCO Specialty Steel Co., Ltd, Chang-won, South Korea

Jung Namkung, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), Po-hang, South Korea

Seog-Ou, Choi, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), In-cheon, South Korea

3:9 ESR of Hollow Ingots. New Approaches to a Traditional Problem 177L. Medovar, A. Stovpchenko, V. Juravel, and D.Bogachev,Paton Electric Welding Institute NAS Kyiv, Ukraine

B. Fedorovskii, Elmet-Roll, Kyiv, Ukraine

3:10 Verification of the Theoretical Considerations Regarding the Design Challengesof Large Sized ESR Plants

133H. Holzgruber, A. Scheriau, M. Knabl, B. Ofner, M. Ramprecht, C. Rust and M. Kubin,INTECO special melting technologies GmbH; Wienerstrasse

3:11 Design of 120t Large Electroslag Remelting Furnace and Its Producing Technology 188Liu Xi-Hai, Jia Wei-Guo, Wang Jun-Qing, Northeatern University, Liaoning, ChinaTang Zuo-Bin, Zhao Lin, Duan Yan-Xiao, First Heavy Industries, Heilongjiang, China

3:12 Defect Seeding for Post-Forging Forensic Investigation 103M. Tomlinson, S. Phillips, Sheffield Forgemasters International Ltd., United KingdomM. Talamantes-Silva, R. Thackray, The University of Sheffield Department of Materials Scienceand Engineering, United Kingdom

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4. POWER GENERATION Page 197

4:1 Experiences in Manufacturing of Forgings for Power Generation Application 199

Guenter Zeiler and Albert Putschoegl, Boehler Edelstahl GmbH &Co KG, Kapfenberg, Austria

4:2 Development of Heat Resistant Ferritic Steels Containing 8.5-11.5% Cr Based on

Long-Term Creep Rupture Strength206

Kazuhiro Miki and Tsukasa Azuma, The Japan Steel Works, Ltd., Japan

Tohru Ishiguro and Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Osamu Tamura abd Ryokichi Hashizume, The Kansai Electric Power Company, Inc.,

Yoshinori Murata and Masahiko Morinaga, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

4:3 Development of Mono-block LP Rotor for Nuclear Power Conventional Island 210

Wang Baozhong, China First Heavy Industries

Jin Jiayu, Gao Jianjun and Cao Zhiyuan, Tianjin Heavy Industries R&D Co., Ltd.

4:4 Freckling Tendencies of A-USC Candidate Ni-based Superalloys 214

Koji Kajikawa, Masaru Tanaka, Shigeru Suzuki, and Hitohisa Yamada

4:5 Largest Steam Turbine Rotor Ever Manufactured From a Nickel Base Alloy 219

Andreas Diwo, Bernhard Donth, Nikolaus Blaes, and Dieter Bokelmann,

Saarschmiede GmbH Freiformschmiede, Volklingen, Germany

Yomei Yoshioka, Shigekazu Miyashita, and Takahiro Kubo,

Toshiba Corporation Power Systems Company, Yokohama, Japan

4:6 Effect of Grain Size and Solution Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Ni-Fe Base Superalloy

for Advanced USC Turbine Rotor Materials 224

Koichi Takasawa and Tatsuya Takahashi, Muroran Research Laboratory, The Japan Steel Works Ltd., Japan

Satoru Ohsaki, Muroran Plant, The Japan Steel Works Ltd., Japan

Shinya Imano and Jun Sato, Hitachi Research Laboratory, Japan

Eiji Saito, Power Systems, Hitachi, Ltd., Japan

4:7 Development of Forgings in Sa508-4N for the Nuclear Industry 229

J. Talamantes-Silva, M. Kearney and P. Bates, Sheffield Forgemasters International Limited, United Kingdom

4:8 Rotor Forgings for Supercritical and Ultra-Supercritical Fossil Power Plants 233

N. Blaes, B. Donth, A. Diwo, and D. Bokelmann, Saarschmiede GmbH Freiformschmiede, Germany

4:9 Manufacturing of Advanced 12% Cr Steel Forgings for Steam Turbines 239

Keita Kawano, Takayuki Miyata, and Takashi Satoh, Japan Casting & Forging Corp., Kitakyushu-city, JapanTakashi Nakano, Shin Nishimoto, Asaharu Matsuo, Yoshikuni Kadoya, and Yuichi Hirakawa,Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Takasago-city, Japan

4:10 Application of High Strength Sa508 Gr.3 CI.2 Steel on an Apr1400 Pressure Vessel in Korea 244Kuk-cheol Kim, Hee-kyung Kwon, Kyong-woon Lee, and Hyun-chul Cho

Corporate R&D Institute, Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction CO, LTD, Korea

Kook-soo Bang, Pukyong National University, Korea

4:11 Manufacturing Technology of Controlling Residual Stress for Large Steel Forgings 248Takayuki Miyata, Yasushi Wakeshima, Michiaki Fukuya and Takafumi Higuchi,Japan Casting and Forging Corporation, Kitakyushu, Japan

4:12 Development of Mono-block Forged Main Coolant Piping for AP1000 253Wang Bao-zhong, China First Heavy Industries

Guo Yi, Zhang Wenhui, Liu Chenghe, Tianjin Heavy Industries R&D CO, LTD

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5. SIMULATION AND MODELING Page 259

5:1 A New Trend in Open Die Forging: The Integration of Laser Based Measurement

Technology and Numerical Simulation (FEM)

Dipl.-Phys. Andreas Tewes and Dipl.-lng. Raif Rech, Buderus Edelstahl GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany

Dipl.-Phys. Stefan Kirchhoff, Minteq International GmbH, Duisburg, Germany

5:2 Hot Forming Simulation and Microstructural Characterisation of Forged Nozzles 266

M. Talamantes-Silva, W. M. Rainforth, The University of Sheffield, Department of Materials Science and

Engineering, Sheffield, United Kingdom

P. Bates, P. Davies, J. Talamantes-Silva, Sheffield Forgemasters International Ltd., Sheffield, United Kingdom

5:3 Evaluation of Hot Ductility In Open-Die Forging by the Hot Upset Test 272

Daisuke Yamabe and Yasunori Kagawa, Steel Casting & Forging Division, Takasago Works, KOBE STEEL, LTD.

5:4 Research and Finite Element Analysis on the Bending Process for Nuclear AP1000 Main Pipe 277

Ren Yunlai and Chen Zhiying, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Dianji University, China

5:5 Researching of Punch Forging Method for Upper Transition Shell of 283

Large-Scale Hydrogenation Reactor

Liu Ying, Zhao De-li and Sun Cheng, Tianjin Heavy Industries Research & Development Co. Ltd.,

Wang Bao-zhong, China First Heavy Industries

5:6 Modelling of the Viscous Behaviour of Steels at Elevated Temperature in Forging Operations 287

T. Coppola, S. Notargiacomo, and M. Paura, Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A.M. Calderini, S. Neri, Societa Delle Fucine S.r.L

5:7 A Study on the Local Flame Heating Method for the Continuous Grain Flow

Forging of Crankshafts 292

Min-Churl Song and Sang-Beom Shin, Materials Research Department, Hyundai Industrial Research Institute

Myoung-gyu Lee, Forging Department, Engine & Machinery Division

Dae-Soon Kim, Hyundai Industrial Research Institute, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., Korea

5:8 On the Controlled Inclusion at Bottom Area in the Bottom Poured Larger Ingot

(Solidification Analysis on the Low Alloyed Steel) 297

Tsuyoshi Ikeno, Satoshi Matsuoka, Hiroki Kushita, and Shoitsu Seo, Pacific Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd. Toyama Works

5:9 Shape Forming Process of a Large Conical Shell for Nuclear Stream Generator 301Sun Lei, Senior Engineer, China National Erzhong Group Co., China

Sun Haiyan, Professor, China National Erzhong Group Co., China

Sun Mingyue Ph.D, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

6. FORGING TECHNOLOGY Page 305

6:1 Design and Technical Features of the 2500/1000 tons Radial-Axial Ring Rolling Machine for Shells and Ring Production $Q7U. Koppers, Wagner Banning Ring Rolling-SMS Meer GmbH

M.Vignola and A.Tintori, Forgiatura Morandini

6:2 Continuous Grain Flow (CGF) Forging of Crankshafts on a Multi-Directional Press 311Manas Shirgaokar, Ph.D, Materials Processing EngineerGerhard Epp, Director of EngineeringJeffrey Nystrom, Sc.D, General ManagerBrian Taylor, President, Ellwood Crankshaft Group, Hermitage, PA U.S.A.

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6:3 Experimental Approach to Simulating the Closure of Centerline Defects in Hot Open-Die Forging 318

J. Blackketter and P. Nash, Thermal Processing Technology Center, NT, Chicago, IL U.S.A.

6:4 Fabrication Experience of 2.25CM Mo-V Steel Heavy-Wall Petroleum Pressure Vessels 321

Hironobu Arashima, Rinzo Kayano, and Yuji Shimaki, The Japan Steel Works, Ltd.

6:5 New Technologies of Forging of Ingots and Blanks by Four Dies In Open-Die Forging Presses 326

Viktor Lazorkin, Tyazhpressmash JSC

Yuriy Mel'nykov, Technonova

6:6 Premium Forged PipesTM on a GFM Forging Machine 333

Dr.-lng. Andreas KneiRler, Project Manager Forging, Vallourec & Mannesmann Deutschland GmbH, Germany

Ing. Rupert Wieser, General Manager Technology, GFM GmbH, Austria

Dr.-lng. Rolf Kummerling, Director Rolling Technology, Vallourec & Mannesmann Deutschland GmbH, Germany

6:7 Dimensional Control During Forging: Innovative 3D Laser Measuring System 337

Eddy Libralesso, Tecnogamma S.p.A. (MERMEC Group) - Steel and Industrial Applications

Giorgio Vassena, University of Brescia, Department DICATA

Matteo Sgrenzaroli, GEXCEL S.r.L, University of Brescia Spin Off

6:8 The Development of an Optimum Forging Pass Schedule for Open-Die Forging 342

A. Kishimoto, T. Arikawa, H. Kakimoto, T. Yoshida, and Y. Kagawa,

Steel Casting & Forging Division, KOBE STEEL Ltd.

6:9 Investigation on the Open-Die Forgeabilities of 304 Stainless Steel 347

Hyae Kyung Yi, Dong Kwon Kim, Hyeon Dong Yeo, Un Hak Seong,

Corporate R&D Institute, Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd., Korea

Young Hoon Moon, Pusan National University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea

6:10 Forging System Technology to Support Energy Supply for the Future 351

Uwe Konnerth, Sales Director Forging, Schuler SMG GmbH & Co. KG

6:11 Effect of Strain During forging of S355NL Steel (paper not available in this print)

Yong-Nam Kwon, Korea Institute of Material Science

Kook Ju Kim; Jin Mo Lee; Hi Sang Chang, TAEWOONG

6:12 Process-Integrated Powder Coating by Rolling of Rings (paper not available in this print)T. Husmann, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum

/. QUALITY AND NDT Page 357

7:1 Automated Ultrasonic Inspection of Heavy Forgings 359

Jiirgen Meiser, Nikolaus Blaes, and Dieter Bokelmann, Saarschmiede GmbH Freiformschmiede,

Volklingen, Germany

7:2 Development of Automated Periphery UT System for Rotor Forgings 366

Katsuyuki Koga, Kenichi Mitsui, and Hiroshi Okabe, Japan Casting & Forging Corp. Kitakyushu, JapanFrank Gatazka, Gary A. Lamberton, Jr., GE Energy, New York, U.S.A.

7:3 Development and Field Application of Integrated Automatic NDA Sytem for

Steam Turbine Rotor Bore 371

Jae-seok Park, Joon-soo Park, Un-hak Seong, andSung-Woo Ryu, Doosan Heavy Industry and Construction

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7:4 Installation of a System for the Mechanized UT Inspection of Forgings- from the Purchase Order to Integration into the Production Process 377

Klaus Leupoldt, Bernd Irzik, and Willibald Meister, Cegelec Deutschland GmbH, Germany

Hubert Fiebig, Volker Knobloch, and Kay Drewitz, Schmiedewerke Groditz, Germany

7:5 Latest Development in the Automated UT Inspection of Large Forgings 381

Dr. P N. Marty, AREVA NDE-Solutions Germany, intelligeNDT Systems & Services GmbH - Bau 62

Paul Gossenstrasse, 2100 - 91052 Erlangen, Germany

7:6 Study & Use of the Small Sample Size Statistics for Heavy Forging Quality Control 388

Zuoyu Qi and Yachen Lv, Shanghai Heavy Machinery Plant Co. Ltd.

Zhonghai Yu, Shanghai Dian Ji University 200240

7:7 New Standardized Method for FATT Determination 393

Dr. Ingo Steller, Stahlinstitut VDEh, Dusseldorf, Dpt. Materials TechnologyDr. Nikolaus Blaes, Saarschmiede Freiformschmiede, Volklingen

Dr.-lng. Bora Kocdemir, Siemens AG Energy Sector, Mulheim/Ruhr

Dipl.-Math. Jens Brandenburger, VDEh-Betriebsforschungsinstitut, Dusseldorf

8. ROLLS Page 399

8:1 Manufacturing Process Of Mill Rolls With High Wear Resistance 401

Kyohei Ota, Nobuyuki Fujitsuna, Hiroki Nakashima, Takahiro Nakada, Masahiro Nomura,

and Yasuhiko Yasumoto, Steel Casting & Forging Division, KOBE STEEL, Ltd., Takasago, Hyogo, Japan

8:2 Contact Fatigue Phenomena Influence on Back-Up Rolls Rolling Campaign Duration

and Grinding Operations 406

M. Paura, Centra Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A., Terni, Italy

A.Di Schino, D. Stocchi, S. Lionetti, Centra Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A., Roma, Italy

M. Calderini, S. Neri, S. Locci, R. Coletti, Societa delle Fucine, Italy

9. NICKEL BASED AND STAINLESS Page 411

9:1 Development and Manufacturing of Ni-Based Superalloy "DSA760" with High Hardness

and Excellent Corrosion Resistance 413

Shuji Narita, Shigeki Ueta and Yoshito Suzuki

9:2 Development of Open Die Forging Process for Alloy 706 Turbine Disk Using DigitalEngineering System 417

Shingo Sakurai, Takeshi Hatta, Takuma Okajima, and Toshimitsu Kimura,Research and Development Lab., Daido Steel Co., Ltd., Nagoya, JapanSatoshi Nishizawa, Shibukawa Plant, Daido Steel Co., Ltd., Shibukawa, Japan

9:3 Long-term Creep Properties and Microstructural Evolution of IN718 Prototype Forged Disk 422

A. Di Gianfrancesco and D. Venditti, Centra Sviluppo Materiali, Rome, ItalyM. Calderini, Societa delle Fucine, Terni, ItalyL. Foroni and R. Montani, Acciaierie Foroni, Gorla Minore, Varese, Italy

9:4 The Most Common Failures of Hot Forging Process of Stainless Steel and Ni-Alloys 429

Tiziano Ceccon, Valbruna Slater Stainless, Inc. / Acciaierie Valbruna S.p.A.

9:5 Ti-5AI-5Mo-5V-3Cr Property Uniformity Through Improved Forging Controls 434

Andrew Hodges, Weber Metals, Inc.

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10. PHYSICAL METALLURGY Page 439

10:1 Redistribution of Alloying Elements in High Nitrogen Steel Ingot 441

Jongho Shin, Myungreyl Lee, Youngdeak Kim, and Jongwook Lee,

Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd., Korea

10:2 The Effect of Forging Practice and Sulfide Inclusions on the Mechanical Propertiesand Fatigue Performance of Large Steel Crankshafts 448

John R. Paules, William P. Edwards and W. H. Clay Beringer, Ellwood City Forge Company, U.S.A.

10:3 The Effect of Austenitization Cooling Rates on Tempered Cr-Mo-V And Ni-Cr-Mo-V Steels 454

Roger N. Wright, Ademola Akinlalu, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Michael Manning, Jason Parolini, J. R. Wood, Gary Schaner, GE EnergyJohn R. Paules, William P. Edwards, Dan Drinan, Ellwood City Forge

10:4 Effect of Heat Treatment Condition on the Mechanical Properties of Ni-Cr-Mo Forged Steel 460

Seung-Hyoun Nam, Ji-Hoon Yoo and Young-Cheol Yoon, Material Research Department,

Hyundai Industrial Research Institute

Myoung-Gyu Lee, Forging Department, Engine & Machinery Division, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., Korea

10:5 Developing Data Bases for the Modeling of Decarburization in Steel 463

Rebecca D. Cioffi and Roger N. Wright, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Stephen Mayott, General Dynamics Electric Boat

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