Maritime and Waterways and Safety Project · Throughout the Bougainville, New Ireland, East New...

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Initial Environmental Examination September 2017

Maritime and Waterways and Safety Project

Pre-Installation Assessment Report for Navaids package 2

Prepared by National Maritime Safety Authority for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). This Initial Environmental Examination (or Pre-Installation Assessment) is a document of the Borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’ Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgements as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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Project Number: 44375-13 Loan Number: 2978-PNG

September, 2017

Papua New Guinea: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project

Pre-Installation Assessment Report for Contract Package No.2 (Bougainville, New Ireland, Manus, East New Britain and West New Britain Provinces)

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The Government of Papua New Guinea (the Government) has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide further assistance in the maritime sector through replacement of existing or previously evident coastal navigational aids (navaids) as well as installation of new navaids. The project was initially scoped to include 132 navaids including replacement (99) and new navaids (33), and for which site surveys and assessments are being undertaken to refine requirements and suitability. The Maritime and Waterways Safety Project, was prepared in 2012 with the project executing agency and implementing agency being the PNG National Maritime Safety Authority (NMSA). 2. It is anticipated by the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of the NMSA that the navaid project will be undertaken through three (3) separate contract packages. Contract Package 1 will involve a total number of 48 navaid installations in Milne Bay and Central Provinces distributed over eight (8) sites. Contract Package 2 navaids will involve a total of 20 navaid installations in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARB), New Ireland, East New Britain and West New Britain Provinces distributed over twelve (12) sites. 3. Contract Package 3 navaids locations will be validated based on future assessments. Separate PIAs for navaid locations under each of these contract packages are required to be prepared and submitted after the conduct of pre-installation site assessments. Contract Package 1 had already been previously prepared and had been tendered. Hence, the preparation of this PIA is for Contract Package 2. 4. The Pre-installation Assessment (PIA) addressed navaid locational requirements for engineering and marine safety, and environmental protection perspectives; habitat and bottom type identification for navaid installation and for setting of anchors to determine specific locations to minimize environmental damage; and pre-installation community awareness. This activity for Contract Package 2 navaids locations took place intermittently from February 20 to April 10, 2016. 5. A Pre-Installation Assessment Checklist had been prepared covering the minimum requirements provided in the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF). The habitat and bottom type identification involved diving and underwater photography, subject to safe sea and environmental conditions. 6. The pre-installation community awareness preparations have been based from the NMSA’s Community Engagement Program but followed the PIUs process ultimately, including particularly the FPIC process that also involved representatives from the Provincial Government, Districts, and the Department of Lands staff. 7. Community awareness meetings resulted in signed FPIC forms that are considered significant outcomes under this PIA because it confirms community agreement and acceptance of the project and permission by the community for the installation of the navaids in advance of the finalization of an appropriate mode of land acquisition (purchase or lease agreement). 8. Majority of the proposed navaids under Contract Package 2 will be monopile type installations and driven into the substrate extending a focal plane height of 6-7m above mean sea level (msl). Signal light, solar power panels, radar reflectors as necessary and day or top marks and related devices will be installed atop the pile which may be wrapped or otherwise protected in order to extend their useful life in the harsh seawater environment. A program of inspections and maintenance will be developed. 9. Throughout the Bougainville, New Ireland, East New Britain and West New Britain Provinces, environmentally sensitive areas that may be jeopardized by installation operations

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include corals and seagrass beds which abound in some identified sites. Whilst there is a network of marine protected areas within the Bismarck Sea, and Kimbe Bay in particular, no marine protected areas, either nationally proclaimed and managed or locally-managed, will be directly affected by the installation activities. Locally-managed areas can be found usually away from these installations. Nevertheless, navaids in marine protected areas would be important support facilities for environmental protection since these will avert incidences of grounding and destruction of important marine habitats in these sensitive areas. 10. For the most part however, there are typically hard reef pavement or sandy patches within these habitats that provide suitable locations for installing both new navaids and replacement navaids. In addition, where navaids are to be installed on land, the preferred option has been to locate the navaid where minimal clearing of terrestrial vegetation is required or to locate it on the adjoining reef with exposed coral communities. 11. Nevertheless, it is important to adhere to precautionary principles and the Navaid Installation Contractor (NIC) will be required to prepare a work method statement and implement an environmental management plan during installation. No mangroves will be directly affected by the navaid installations. 12. The PIA indicates that the installation of the replacement and new navaids in the Bougainville, New Ireland, East New Britain and West New Britain Provinces will result in unavoidable and permanent loss of very small areas of habitat during their lifetime. This physical loss however will be offset by the monopiles in water becoming habitats themselves for various marine organisms. 13. In addition, this physical loss will be offset by the avoidance of vessels running aground on reefs with the potential of extensive environmental damage (oil spill and physical destruction of habitat), as well as possible loss of human lives. Where sea conditions allow for safe underwater inspections, the PIU managed to inspect and identify most underwater substrates to be either sand, sandy patches in coral areas, hard reef pavements, rubbles and hard rocks. On a few number of installations (i.e. Raluana where a unique custom and tradition is observed), sensitive habitats, especially vigorous coral reefs, were identified but will be furthered assessed during NIC pre-installation works to ensure these will not be significantly impacted. 14. The NIC will be required to prepare a work method statement, and an installation environmental management plan (IEMP) to properly manage the required pre-installation and installation processes and ensure avoidance or minimization of negative environmental impacts to the navaid locations. The Navaid Installation Contractor (NIC) is expected to provide a Marine Ecologist, and a Terrestrial Ecologist in its installation team to address potential issues and concerns of both marine-based, and land-based installations. 15. The PIA concludes that potential adverse environmental impacts arising from the replacement of existing or previously evident coastal navigational aids, and installation of new navaids in these provinces can be minimized to insignificant levels by selecting a NIC that will fully comply with the environmental requirements of the project.

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Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 3

ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................... 7

List of Tables and Figures ...................................................................................................... 8

I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 9

A. Project Overview ..........................................................................................................................9

A.1 Scope of the Pre-installation Assessment ...................................................................... 10

A.2 Structure of the Report ....................................................................................................... 11

A.3 Schedule .............................................................................................................................. 12

A.4 Pre-Installation Assessment (PIA) Team ........................................................................ 12

B. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework........................................................................ 13

B.1 ADB Environmental Safeguards ....................................................................................... 13

B.2 PNG Requirements ............................................................................................................ 13

B.3 The National Maritime Safety Authority ........................................................................... 15

B.4 Other PNG Legislation ....................................................................................................... 15

B.5 International Agreements .................................................................................................. 16

II. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ............................................................... 17

A. Physical Environment ............................................................................................................... 17

A.1 Physical Geography and Volcanism ................................................................................ 17

A.2 Climatic Conditions ............................................................................................................. 18

A.3 Seismic Activity ................................................................................................................... 20

B. Biological Environment............................................................................................................. 20

B.1 Biological environmental condition of the navaid locations observed during the pre-

installation assessments ........................................................................................................... 21

C. Marine Protected Areas and Rare and Endangered Species ............................................ 32

D. Socio-economic Environment ................................................................................................. 33

D.1 New Ireland Province ......................................................................................................... 33

D.2 East New Britain ................................................................................................................. 34

D.3 Manus and Bougainville .................................................................................................... 36

III. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES AND MITIGATION MEASURES……………………………………………………………………………………...37

A. Anticipated Impacts on the Physical Environment ............................................................... 37

B. Anticipated Impacts on the Biological Environment during Installation ............................ 39

C. Anticipated Impacts on the Socio-Economic Environment ................................................ 41

IV. CONSULTATIONS WITH THE PROVINCIAL LEVEL-AND LOCAL LEVEL GOVERNMENTS AND COMMUNITIES ........................................................................ 42

A. Stakeholder Consultation......................................................................................................... 42

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A.1 Field Trip Programme ........................................................................................................ 42

A.2 Gender .................................................................................................................................. 43

A.3 Land Acquisition and Resettlement (LAR) ...................................................................... 43

A.4 Findings in Different Communities ................................................................................... 43

V. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ......................................................................... 48

A.1 During construction............................................................................................................. 48

A.2 During Operation................................................................................................................. 50

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................................... 50

A. Institutional arrangements and responsibilities for EMP implementation......................... 51

B. Pre-Installation Impacts and Mitigation Measures ............................................................... 52

C. Community Consultation and Land Acquisition ................................................................... 53

C.1 Community Consultation and Interaction ........................................................................ 53

D. Pre-Installation Assessment and Reporting ......................................................................... 53

E. Installation Phase Activities and Mitigation Measures ........................................................ 54

E.1 Manoeuvring and Stabilizing the Work Barge ................................................................ 55

E.2 Pile Installation .................................................................................................................... 55

E.3 Debris Removal and Clean up .......................................................................................... 56

E.4 Management of Waste and Hazardous Substances ..................................................... 56

E.5. Post installation inspection and audits ........................................................................... 57

F. Operations Phase Activities..................................................................................................... 57

VII. MONITORING AND REPORTING ................................................................................. 57

VIII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................................. 75

IX. LIST OF ANNEXES ....................................................................................................... 77

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ACRONYMS

ADB Asian Development Bank ARB Autonomous Region of Bougainville CAM Community Awareness Meeting CAMM Community Awareness Meeting Minutes CDD Community Development Department (within NMSA) CLC Community Lighthouse Committee CLCO Community and Lands Coordinator CP2 Contract Package 2 CSMA Community Security and Monitoring Agreement CEPA Conservation and Environment Protection Authority EA Executing Agency EARF Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EMP Environmental Management Plan EO Environmental Officer (of NMSA’s PIU) EP Environmental Permit ES Environmental Specialist (International) of NMSA’s PIU FPIC Free, Prior and Informed Consent GCLS Gender, Community and Lands Specialist GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism IEMP Installation environmental management plan IERM Installation Environmental Management Report LIR Land Investigation report MPA Marine Protected Area NMSA National Marine Safety Authority NPW Notification of Preparatory Work NIC Navaid Installation Contractor NGI New Guinea Islands PIA Pre-Installation Assessment PIAR Pre-Installation Assessment Report PIU Project Implementation Unit PLC Provincial Lighthouse Committee PM PIU Project Manager PNG Papua New Guinea QPR Quarterly Progress Report SPS ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) TL Team Leader of NMSA’s PIU WMA Wildlife Management Area

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 18 September 2017) Currency unit – kina (K) K1.00 = $0.31

$1.00 = K3.20 NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.

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List of Tables and Figures

Tables Table 1 Distribution of Sites and Navaid Locations for Contract Package 2 ................................................... 9 Table 2 Pre-installation Assessment (PIA) Schedule - Contract Package 2 ................................................. 12 Table 3 Pre-Installation Assessment (PIA) Team for Contract Package 2 .................................................... 12 Table 4 Average Monthly and Annual Rainfall Summary ................................................................................. 18 Table 5 Temperature Summary for the CP2 provinces .................................................................................... 19 Table 6 List of Navigational Aids for Installation in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville ..................... 21 Table 7 List of Navigational Aids for Installation in New Ireland Province ..................................................... 25 Table 8 List of Navigational Aids for Installation in East New Britain Province. ............................................ 29 Table 9 List of Navigational Aids for Installation in West New Britain ............................................................ 31 Table 10 Economic Breakdown for New Ireland Province ............................................................................... 33 Table 11 Economic Breakdown for East New Britain Province ....................................................................... 35 Table 12 Economic breakdown Manus and Bougainville ................................................................................. 36 Table 13 Main Outcomes of Activities in Communities .................................................................................... 44 Table 14 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (Near-shore/off-shore Navaids Installations) ......... 59 Table 15 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (Land-based Navaids Installations) ........................ 66

Figures Figure 1 Location of Navaids in the Buka Passage. ................................................................................. 22 Figure 2 Location of Navaid in Cape Hanpan. .......................................................................................... 23 Figure 3 Location of Navaids in Carola Harbour. ..................................................................................... 24 Figure 4 Location of Navaid in Nissan Island. .......................................................................................... 25 Figure 5 Location of Navaid at Feni Islands. ............................................................................................ 26 Figure 6 Location of Navaid at Tanga Islands. ......................................................................................... 26 Figure 7 Location of Navaid in Tench Island. ........................................................................................... 27 Figure 8 Location of Navaid in Emirau Island. .......................................................................................... 28 Figure 9 Location of Navaid in Tingwon Island. ........................................................................................ 29 Figure 10 Location of the site at Pidgeon Island. ..................................................................................... 30 Figure 11 Location of Navaid sites in Blanche Bay, Rabaul. .................................................................... 31 Figure 12 Location of Kimbe Navaids. ...................................................................................................... 32 Figure 13 District Profile for Kavieng. ....................................................................................................... 34 Figure 14 District Profile for Namatanai. ................................................................................................... 34 Figure 15 District Profile for Rabaul. ......................................................................................................... 35 Figure 16 District Profile for Kokopo. ........................................................................................................ 36 Figure 17 District Profile for North Bougainville. ....................................................................................... 37 Figure 18 Flow Chart Outlining Grievance Redress Mechanism .......……………………….….…………. 49

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I. INTRODUCTION

A. Project Overview

1. The Government of Papua New Guinea (the Government) has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide further assistance in the maritime sector through replacement of existing or previously evident coastal navigational aids (navaids) as well as installation of new navaids. 2. The project was initially scoped to include 132 navaids including replacement (99) and new navaids (33), and for which site surveys and assessments are being undertaken to refine requirements and suitability. The Maritime and Waterways Safety Project was prepared in 2012 with the project executing agency and implementing agency being the PNG National Maritime Safety Authority (NMSA). 3. It is anticipated by the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) that the navaid project will be undertaken through three (3) separate contract packages. Contract Package 1 will involve a total number of 48 navaids installations in Milne Bay Province and Central Province. Contract Package 2 will involve a total number of 20 navaids installations in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARB), New Ireland, East New Britain and West New Britain Provinces distributed over the following sites1 as shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Distribution of Sites and Navaid Locations for Contract Package 2

Province and Sites No. of Sites

Replacement Installations

New Installations

Total No. of Navaid Locations

Bougainville 4 5 3 8

New Ireland 5 0 5 5

East New Britain 2 0 3 3

West New Britain 1 4 0 4

Total 12 9 11 20 Source: PIU-NMSA

4. Of these total number, 9 are replacement installations while 11 are new installations. Most of the replacement installations will be placed within the same 10-15m radius from the identified GPS coordinates to minimize negative environmental impacts both for land-based and on water. 5. Majority of the proposed navaids under Contract Package 2 will be monopile type installations and driven into the substrate extending a focal plane height of 6-7m above mean sea level (msl). Signal light, solar power panels, radar reflectors as necessary and day or top marks and related devices will be installed atop the pile which may be wrapped or otherwise protected in order to extend their useful life in the harsh seawater environment. A program of inspections and maintenance will be developed.

6. Contract Package 3 navaids locations will be validated based on future assessments. Separate PIAs for navaid locations under each of these contract packages are required to be prepared and submitted after the conduct of pre-installation site assessments. Contract Package 1 had already been previously approved and had been tendered. 7. The preparation of this PIA is for Contract Package 2.

1 Under the Project, ‘sites’ refer to the general area in which navaids will be located/installed, several navaids can be clustered or

located within one site. For sector project purposes a site is a subproject and can include up to 30 navaid locations (EARF).

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A.1 Scope of the Pre-installation Assessment 8. The Pre-installation Assessment (PIA) addressed navaid locational requirements for engineering and maritime safety, and environmental protection perspectives. This included pre-installation community awareness and identification of the type of sea bed material for both navaid installation and anchor points to determine specific locations that will minimize environmental damage. 9. During the inspections, a handheld GPS was used to accurately determine the site location coordinates for plotting on the relevant maritime chart. Post inspection, plotting of the identified positions was undertaken and minor corrections, were made in consultation with the NMSA Senior Geographical Information Officer. In the Navigation Aids Review and Site Investigation Report and Recommendations, the type and light characteristics of the navaid are determined in accordance with the IALA (A) Buoyage system (please refer to separate report). 10. A Pre-Installation Assessment Checklist was prepared to identify the minimum requirements provided in the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF). Duly accomplished and signed PIA Checklists for each of the navaid locations form part of this report (Please refer to Annex 1). Community awareness activities comprised land acquisition and resettlement screening which incorporated documentation for Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) was also conducted during the PIA activities (please refer to separate CD team report). Similarly with Contract Package 1, the signed FPIC forms for Contract Package 2 are considered significant outcomes under this PIA because they confirm community agreement and acceptance of the project together with community permission for installation of the navaids prior to the finalization of an appropriate mode of land acquisition (purchase or lease agreement). 11. The habitat and sea bed type identification involved diving and underwater photography, subject to safe sea and environmental conditions. Various sea conditions were encountered during the voyages to the proposed navigational aid locations and these conditions ranged from relative calm to the presence of large swells and currents. Safety of the team was of utmost consideration during the assessment. This was given emphasis and importance where each member of the PIA Team were given briefing on Cardno’s Project HSEQ Plan and associated Safe Work Method Statements for the field trip and diving activity. 12. The proposed navaid locations assessed are the most suitable locations based on the following considerations:

The locations and proposed aids to navigation provide the safest outcome for passing

marine traffic, both large vessels and those of the workboat and dinghy fleets.

The locations and proposed aids to navigation direct marine traffic away from areas of

danger such as outlying reefs and shoal areas.

The locations and proposed aids to navigation provide the best arc of visibility for marine

traffic passing the aid in either direction.

Particular attention was paid to aids to navigation to be sited on corners in open water

channels whereby the corner would be well marked for marine traffic travelling in each

direction passing the aids to navigation.

Ease of access to ongoing maintenance.

Distance from the low water mark on the shore was also considered with a view to the

prevention of vandalism.

Material types for pitching and driving of piled navaids.

Engineering purposes (i.e. lower wave energy where possible, shallower areas to reduce

need for larger beacons.

Avoidance and/or minimization of impacts to terrestrial vegetation/habitats.

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13. More justifications are provided in the report on Navigation Aids Review and Site Investigation Report & Recommendations (see separate report). 14. The pre-installation community awareness preparations followed NMSA’s Community Engagement Program but followed the PIU’s process ultimately, including particularly the FPIC process that also involved representatives from the Provincial Government, Districts, and the Department of Lands staff. This is fully described in a separate report.

A.2 Structure of the Report 15. The preparation of this PIA Report is guided by the requirements contained in the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) agreed between the Asian Development Bank (ADB), and the National Maritime Safety Authority (NMSA) in May 2015. To the extent possible, information provided complies with the EARF if these are readily available from site assessments and secondary sources. Otherwise, these are indicated as gaps requiring further work before actual installation activities by the NIC. 16. The PIA Report includes the following:

I. Introduction. This provides brief information about the project, scope of the pre-installation assessment and schedule, identification of the Team, and the description of the structure of this report.

II. Baseline Environmental Condition. This provides the general description of the sites and

detailed description of the proposed navaid locations which incorporate engineering and marine safety locational assessment; and secondary information from various sources and attributed as appropriate.

III. Anticipated Impacts of the Installation Activities at each location. This identifies the

anticipated impacts to the physical and biological environment of the sites based on information gathered during the assessment as well as secondary information.

IV. Consultations with the Community. This incorporates results of community engagement

and consultations during the community awareness meetings conducted for each of the communities that were visited.

V. Grievance Redress Mechanism.

VI. Environmental Management Plan. This discusses the mitigation and management measures to be taken during project implementation prepared as the IEMP based on the template provided in the EARF and updated accordingly by being less prescriptive to allow NIC the flexibility to use appropriate equipment and work methodology that will achieve the desired positive environmental outcomes.

VII. Monitoring, Reporting and Disclosure Requirements.

VIII. Conclusion and Recommendations.

IX. Annexes. These pertain to the PIA Checklists, and Photographs (Underwater and above

water). 17. The report structure generally responds to the EARF requirements, and builds on secondary information readily obtainable from the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) which was prepared for two sites under the PPTA. This secondary information includes physical and

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biological environments, environmental management plan, and many more relevant information required for the pre-installation assessment. These are used generously with editing where appropriate, and updated with location-specific baseline environmental conditions.

A.3 Schedule 18. The assessment of the proposed navaid locations in Bougainville, New Ireland, East New Britain, and West New Britain Provinces were conducted on the following actual dates:

Table 2 Pre-installation Assessment (PIA) Schedule - Contract Package 2

Province Dates

Bougainville February 20-24, 2016

April 4-6, 2016

New Ireland February 25-March 2, 2016

East New Britain March 14-16, 2016

West New Britain March 20-22, 2016

April 8-10, 2016 Source: PIU-NMSA.

A.4 Pre-Installation Assessment (PIA) Team 19. The PIA Team is composed of both International and National Specialists of the PIU-NMSA as shown in the table below:

Table 3 Pre-Installation Assessment (PIA) Team for Contract Package 2

Province Dates Members of the PIU-NMSA Assessment Team

Bougainville February 20-24, 2016

Daniel Ngala – PIU Project Accountant

John Ellyett – Maritime Safety Specialist

Claudia Strier – Gender and Community Lands Specialist

Fabiola Atbo – Community and Lands Coordinator

Priscilla Piandi – Environment Officer

April 4-6, 2016 Eric Petrus – PIU Project Manager


New Ireland February 25-March 2, 2016



Claudia Strier – Gender and Community Lands Specialist

Fabiola Atbo – Community and Lands Coordinator


East New Britain

March 14-16, 2016 Eric Petrus – PIU Project Manager


Scott Keane – Team Leader


Joselito P. Losaria – Environment Specialist

Marion Kila – Community and Lands Coordinator

West New Britain

March 20-22, 2016 Eric Petrus – PIU Project Manager


Scott Keane – Team Leader

Joselito P. Losaria – Environment Specialist


Florence Laupu – Administrative Officer

April 8-10, 2016 Eric Petrus – PIU Project Manager

John Ellyett – Maritime Specialist



Florence Laupu – Administrative Officer

Source: PIU-NMSA.

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B. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

B.1 ADB Environmental Safeguards 20. This Pre-installation assessment builds on information from the IEE that has been previously carried out to ensure that potential adverse environmental impacts are addressed according to the SPS. The objectives of the SPS are to ensure the environmental soundness and sustainability of projects and to support the integration of environmental considerations into the project decision-making process. Environmental safeguards are triggered if a project is likely to have potential environmental risks and impacts. 21. ADB uses a classification system to reflect the significance of a project’s potential environmental impacts. A project’s category is determined by the category of its most sensitive component, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts in the project’s area of influence. Each proposed project is scrutinized as to its type, location scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. Projects are assigned to one of the following four categories:

o Category A. A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger that the sites ort facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required.

o Category B. A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse

environmental impacts are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

o Category C. A proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal

or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed.

o Category FI. A proposed project is classified as category FI if it involves investment of

ADB funds or through a FI. 22. The purpose and objectives of the SPS have been applied to classify the subproject as a category B project, which requires development of an IEE for identified subprojects, and the EARF to guide subprojects prepared during project implementation.

B.2 PNG Requirements 23. Environmental impact assessment and management in PNG is addressed by the Environment Act of 2000, the Environment (Amendment) Act of 2002, their accompanying regulatory instruments including the Environment (Prescribed Activities) Regulation of 2002, and the Guideline for Conduct of Environmental Impact Assessment and Preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement, 2004. These Acts and regulations are administered by the Conservation and Environment Protection Authority (CEPA), previously the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC). CEPA was established under the Conservation and Environment Protection Act 2014 (CEPA Act) and takes over the role formerly undertaken by the DEC as PNG’s environmental regulator. The objective of the Environment Act and amendments is to enhance the sustainable management of biological and physical components of the land, air, and water resources of the country.

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24. The CEPA is responsible for administration and enforcement of the Environment Act and its regulatory structure. As the government’s environmental management agency, the mission statement of CEPA is: “To ensure PNG’s natural resources are managed to sustain environmental quality, human well-being and support improved standards of living.” The department consists of three divisions:

Environment Protection, responsible for environmental approvals;

Sustainable Environment Management; and

Policy Coordination and Evaluation 25. The Environment Protection Division is the government entity to which NMSA must submit Notifications of Preparatory Work (NPW) concerning the 20 new navaid locations to determine whether EPs will be required. 26. PNG’s Environmental (Prescribed Activities) Regulation of 2002 (Section 48) requires parties intending to carry out preparatory work in relation to Level-2 or Level-3 activities to register that intention with the Director of Environment. “Preparatory Work” is defined as work associated with:

Undertaking a feasibility study, or

Carrying out other studies relevant to environmental issues, or

Applying for approval under the Investment Promotion Act 1992 to carry out an activity, or

Applying for an approval or a permit or license under another Act in relation to a proposed activity.

The NPW consists of 15 required components:

Name of the proponent

Name of proponents authorized contact and spokesperson

Address of principal address in PNG DEC Corporate Plan 2009-2012.

Company registration details

Site address: address where the proposed activity will be conducted

Details of site ownership

Statement concerning whether the proponents has negotiated and signed an agreement with GoPNG in relation to the proposal

Other government departments or statutory bodies approached

Other formal government approvals that are required

Status of negotiations with relevant landowner/resource owner groups

Estimated cost of works (in Kina)

Scope and description of the proposed activity or works

Description of project site

Applicant’s assessment of whether proposed activity is a Level 2 or Level 3 activity

Timeline or schedule for the proposed activity 27. While NPWs are generally required for only larger or more intrusive projects (defined as Level-2 and Level-3 Projects), as described by PNG Statutory Instrument No. 30 of 2002 (See References) which excludes the navaid program from inclusion in the more intrusive categories, the PIU previously sought a confirmation advise from Mr. Pawa Limu, Environmental Expert, NMSA, as was previously recommended during the Technical Assistance for this project. The NMSA then submitted NPW for new construction locations under Contract Package 1 for which Contract Package 2 is similarly conditioned. The CEPA had responded to this submission in its letter of acknowledgement indicating that the works contemplated under this project is not a prescribed activity.

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28. Despite the above procedures, the NMSA or the Contractor may require, depending upon the specific nature of their equipment, facilities and operational procedures, waste disposal permit(s) from the CEPA, which may include offshore disposal of collected sewage as well as land disposal of waste and scrap. The CEPA (then DEC) has issued several guidelines, including the Guideline for submission of an application for an environmental permit to discharge waste, GL Env/03/2004. The Contractor selected for this work will be required to obtain permits relevant to solid wastes, sewage and gray water discharges, and other wastes the operation will be reasonably anticipated to generate. 29. CEPA operates at the national level from its office in Port Moresby. It does not have offices or personnel in the provinces. All environmental approval is currently centralized. As part of the GoPNG’s decentralization policy, it is incumbent on CEPA to work in close consultation with provincial governments through the respective provincial administrations to ensure implementation of environmental legislation at the provincial level. Some environmental management and monitoring functions are delegated to provincial administrations if and when they have adequate resources and capacity to conduct these activities. 30. The Environment (Prescribed Activities) Regulation of 2002 provides a protocol for determining whether a project must be classified as a Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 category. Levels 2 and 3 require an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Any activity not explicitly defined as Level 2 or Level 3 is by default categorized as Level 1, which requires no EIS. The Project is defined as a Level 1 activity, and therefore does not require an EIS under PNG statutes and regulations. As per the requirements of the EARF any IEEs or in this case the Pre-installation assessment report prepared for sites will be submitted to CEPA, along with ADB, for review.

B.3 The National Maritime Safety Authority 31. The NMSA was established by an Act of the PNG Parliament in 2003, and it began operations in January 2006 as a not-for-profit public body on a self-sustaining basis, reporting to the NMSA Board and the Minister for Transport. The General Manager runs day-to-day operations through a corporate structure of divisions headed by Executive Managers, who report directly to him. 32. NMSA’s mandate is to ensure:

(i) Compliance with Maritime Safety Standards (ii) Marine Pollution Prevention and Coordination of Cleanups (iii) Maritime Search and Rescue Coordination

33. As a result of NMSA’s mandate to ensure that maritime safety risks are effectively monitored and controlled, NMSA will be the lead PNG agency for this project. NMSA will be responsible for Contractor monitoring and assuring compliance with the EMP.

B.4 Other PNG Legislation 34. The following legislation will also apply to the project:

(i) The Employment Act, 1978. An act relating to employment of nationals and non-citizens. The act covers recruitment and conditions of employment, as well as health and safety issues. It is administered by the Department of Labor and Employment (DLE). Conditions of the Act are relevant to the health and safety of workers employed during construction.

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(ii) The Public Health Act (1978) Chapter 368 protects the general public by regulating and controlling the unplanned disposal of any environmental contaminants such as domestic or industrial waste and/or refuse that has the potential to impact the lives of people.

(iii) Drinking water quality standards for both freshwater and marine aquatic life protection

are provided in the Environment (Water Quality Criteria) Regulation 2002, and are listed in Table 1 of Act, Sec. 133(2); Reg., Sec. 2. Ranges of criteria are provided for some parameters including turbidity.

B.5 International Agreements 35. Papua New Guinea is a signatory to the following international agreements with environmental and conservation implications:

International Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, 1992

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa

Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)

Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques

Basel Convention on the Control of Trans boundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Islands Countries of Hazardous Wastes and Radioactive Wastes and Control the Trans-Boundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region (Waigani Convention)

Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Waste and Other Matter (London Convention)

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)

International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, Brussels, 1969

RAMSAR Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially Waterfowl Habitat, 1971

Convention on the World Cultural Heritage and Natural Heritage, 1972

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

International Convention on the Conservation of Nature in the South Pacific, Apia, 1972

Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region and related Protocols (SPREP, 1986)

Protocol on Biosafety (Cartagena Protocol)

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs Convention)

Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (Rotterdam Convention)

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985)

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II. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 36. The following discussion describes general physical, biological and socio-economic background information for Bougainville, New Ireland, Manus, East New Britain and West New Britain Provinces; followed by more specific baseline information for the sites and navaid locations based on pre-installation assessments conducted for the candidate locations. 37. In addition, site descriptions are supplemented with secondary information as applicable including the general description of the marine environment where the navaids may be located during its entire operational life.

A. Physical Environment A.1 Physical Geography and Volcanism 38. All the sites for Contract Package 2 (CP2) except the sites in Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARB) are within the same physical geography of the Bismarck Archipelago characterised by very similar environmental conditions. These include the sites of the New Ireland, Manus and the East and West New Britain provinces. The archipelago is full of reefs and almost every type of reef and Reef Islands are present. The region also contains a great variety of volcanic landforms. There are two chains of volcanoes in the Bismarck Sea which together contain the largest number of active, dormant and extinct volcanoes in Papua New Guinea. 39. Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARB). The Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARB) of Papua New Guinea is also known as Bougainville Province consisting of the main island of Bougainville which includes the adjacent island of Buka separated by about 300 m wide passage, and several outlying islands.The Buka Island (second largest island in the ARB) and adjoining smaller islands are where the navaids will be located. The Buka Island is a relatively flat island where its east coast is the windward side for most of the year and is characterized by a coastal cliff that rises close to the ocean, leaving only a narrow beach. A coral reef rings the entire island and it is narrow on the east coast, where it is battered by oceanic winds and large waves. 40. New Britain. New Britain is the largest island in Melanesia other than New Guinea. Much of the shoreline is bounded by coral reefs. Along the coast there are a number of protected bays and harbours and beaches. Other parts of the shoreline are cliff-lined and still others are under mangrove swamps. Many active volcanoes are present on the northern side of the island. Associated with these are crater lakes, beaches of black sand, hot springs and geysers. 41. New Ireland. New Ireland with New Hanover as its northern extension is a little over 350 km long, but never more than 50 km across. It has a mountainous spine that broadens out in the south to a plateau rising to 2400 metres. On the west side mountains rise steeply from the coast and there is little flat land. A coastal plain is more in evidence along the east coast, with mountains rising fairly sharply at its western limit. There are limited stretches of reef along the east coast. Four substantial island groups, Tabar, Lihir, Tanga and Feni (Anir), lie in a chain to the east of New Ireland. All four are volcanic, with some fringing reef. 42. The Mussau or St Matthias group is located about 100 km north of New Ireland and 230 km east of Manus. The largest island of the group, Mussau, has a volcanic core remnant rising to 650 m. There are eleven small upraised coral islands clustered south of the main island. Eloaua and Emananus together form the east and west sides of an atoll with extensive fringing and barrier reefs which enclose a lagoon.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea

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A.2 Climatic Conditions 43. This presents information about the physical environment of the provinces where the sites and navaid locations of Contract 2 Package are located.

A.2.1 Rainfall

44. Summary rainfall information were acquired from Climate-Data.Org and were chosen for locations within each of the provinces and nearest to the navaids installations. The information indicated variabilities in rainfall amount and periodic distribution between and within provinces. The average monthly and annual rainfall summary is presented in Table 4 below. 45. The average annual rainfall recorded in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville varied from location to location and ranged from 2525 mm (lowest in Kubu) to 2555 mm (highest in Kokopao). Highest averages varies each location but have been recorded during the month of January while the lowest averages have been recorded during the month of June. The rainfall summary for the province is presented in Table 4. Table 4 Average Monthly and Annual Rainfall Summary

Province Location

Month/Precipitation (in mm) Annual Total (mm) Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Autonomous Region of Bougainville

Buka 298 283 316 262 177 134 179 147 146 174 206 223 2545

Kokopao 300 285 315 264 176 131 182 149 147 174 207 225 2555

Hutjena 298 283 316 263 177 138 177 151 146 172 204 224 2549

Kubu 294 281 314 261 176 135 176 147 144 172 203 222 2525

New Ireland

Kavieng 316 269 344 297 249 224 223 199 167 239 256 326 3109

Namatanai 348 326 398 279 196 139 173 183 153 190 208 367 2960

Konos 297 273 392 271 167 195 217 228 152 167 244 338 2941

East New Britain

Kokopo 185 188 209 191 124 139 167 154 130 127 156 217 1987

Rabaul 240 259 294 224 134 114 121 124 112 126 188 265 2201

West New Britain

Kimbe 465 587 568 393 204 92 141 120 142 170 277 386 3545

Buluma 529 586 571 370 197 130 162 137 151 161 256 390 3640

Source: PIU Tabulation of information from http://en.climate-data.org2

46. The average annual rainfall recorded in New Ireland varied from location to location and ranged from 2941 mm (lowest in Konos) to 3109 mm (highest in Kavieng). Highest averages were recorded during the month of March while the lowest averages were recorded during the month of September. The rainfall summary for the province is presented in Table 4. 47. The average annual rainfall recorded in Manus is 3509 mm and the highest average was recorded during the month of July while the lowest average was recorded during the month of September. The rainfall summary for the province is presented in Table 4 above. 48. The average annual rainfall recorded in East New Britain varied from location to location and ranged from 1987 mm (lowest in Kokopo) to 2201 mm (highest in Rabaul). Highest averages were recorded during the month of December while the lowest averages were recorded during the month of May (for Kokopo) and during the month of September (for Rabaul). The rainfall summary for the province is presented in Table 4.

2 Climate-Data.org is based on two data sources: a) Climate-Model by Climate-Data.org. All of our climate data comes from a climate

model. The model has more than 220 million data points and a resolution of 30 arc seconds. The model uses weather data from thousands of weather stations from all over the world. This weather data was collected between 1982 and 2012. This data will also be refreshed from time to time. b) Location Data by OpenStreetMap.org. All of the location data for the cities is based on data from the OpenStreetMap project. OpenStreetMap is open data, licensed under the Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL). The map tiles are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 license (CC BY-SA). The OpenStreetMap data has not been modified. This data is refreshed regularly to quickly reflect any changes in the data of the OpenStreetMap project (Climate-Data.org).

http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

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49. The average annual rainfall recorded in West New Britain varied from location to location and ranged from 3545 mm (lowest in Kimbe) to 3640 mm (highest in Buluma). Highest averages were recorded during the month of February while the lowest averages were recorded during the month of June. The rainfall summary for the province is presented in Table 4 above.

A.2.2 Temperature

50. Based from the summary provided in Table 5 below, average annual temperatures of the CP2 provinces also varies ranging in average of from 26.50C (lowest in Buluma and Kimbe of West New Britain) to 27.30C (highest in Buka of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville. Generally, temperature ranges within each of the province does not vary significantly.

Table 5 Temperature Summary for the CP2 provinces

Province Location Month/Temperature (in 0C)

Annual Ave. Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

ARB

Buka

Ave. 27.7 27.6 27.6 27.4 27.4 27.2 26.7 26.7 27.0 27.3 27.3 27.5 27.3

Min 24.3 24.2 24.3 24.2 24.2 24.0 23.5 23.5 23.6 23.8 23.9 24.1 24.0

Max 31.1 31.0 30.9 30.6 30.7 30.4 29.9 30.0 30.5 30.9 30.8 31.0 30.7

Kokopao

Ave. 27.7 27.6 27.6 27.4 27.4 27.2 26.7 26.7 27.0 27.3 27.3 27.5 27.3

Min 24.3 24.2 24.3 24.2 24.2 24.0 23.5 23.5 23.6 23.8 23.9 24.1 24.0

Max 31.1 31.0 30.9 30.6 30.7 30.4 29.9 30.0 30.5 30.8 30.8 31.0 30.6

Hutjena

Ave. 27.5 27.4 27.4 27.2 27.2 27.0 26.5 26.5 26.8 27.1 27.3 27.3 27.1

Min 24.1 24.0 24.1 24.0 24.0 23.8 23.3 23.3 23.4 23.6 23.8 23.9 23.8

Max 30.9 30.8 30.7 30.4 30.5 30.2 29.7 29.8 30.3 30.7 30.8 30.8 30.5

Kubu

Ave. 27.6 27.5 27.6 27.4 27.2 26.7 26.7 26.7 27.1 27.4 27.4 27.4 27.2

Min 24.3 24.2 24.3 24.2 24.2 24.0 23.5 23.5 23.6 23.9 24.0 24.1 24.0

Max 31.0 30.9 30.9 30.6 30.7 30.4 29.9 30.0 30.6 30.9 30.9 31.0 30.7

New Ireland

Kavieng

Ave. 27.0 27.1 27.1 27.0 27.0 26.5 26.4 26.4 26.7 27.0 27.1 26.9 26.9

Min 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.6 23.4 22.8 22.8 22.7 23.0 23.3 23.6 23.5 23.3

Max 30.6 30.6 30.6 30.4 30.6 30.3 30.1 30.2 30.5 30.7 30.7 30.4 30.5

Nmatanai

Ave. 26.6 26.8 26.8 26.9 26.9 26.6 26.2 26.5 26.9 27.2 27.1 27.1 26.8

Min 23.8 23.9 23.9 23.8 23.8 23.7 23.2 23.3 23.5 23.7 23.9 24.0 23.7

Max 29.5 29.7 29.8 30.1 30.1 29.6 29.3 29.8 30.4 30.7 30.4 30.2 30.0

Konos

Ave. 27.2 27.1 27.3 27.4 27.4 27.0 26.7 26.8 27.0 27.3 27.7 27.4 27.2

Min 24.1 23.9 24.1 24.3 24.2 24.0 23.8 23.7 23.9 24.3 24.4 24.4 24.1

Max 30.3 30.4 30.6 30.5 30.6 30.1 29.6 29.9 30.1 30.3 31.0 30.5 30.3

Max 31.2 31.2 31.2 30.9 31.4 30.6 30.5 30.5 31.3 31.7 31.8 31.3 31.1

East New Britain

Kokopo

Ave. 27.0 27.0 27.0 26.9 27.2 27.0 26.5 26.5 27.1 27.2 27.4 27.1 27.0

Min 23.4 23.3 23.5 23.3 23.6 23.4 23.1 23.0 23.3 23.3 23.5 23.4 23.3

Max 30.7 30.8 30.6 30.6 30.8 30.6 29.9 30.1 31.0 31.0 31.3 30.8 30.7

Rabaul

Ave. 26.9 27.0 26.9 27.0 27.1 26.8 26.4 26.5 27.0 27.2 27.2 27.0 26.9

Min 23.3 23.3 23.4 23.4 23.5 23.3 23.1 23.0 23.2 23.3 23.3 23.3 23.3

Max 30.6 30.7 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.4 29.8 30.1 30.9 31.2 31.2 30.7 30.6

West New Britain

Kimbe

Ave. 26.9 26.8 26.8 26.6 26.6 26.4 25.8 25.8 26.4 26.6 26.8 26.8 26.5

Min 23.4 23.4 23.3 23.0 23.2 23.0 22.8 22.4 22.7 23.0 23.0 23.3 23.0

Max 30.5 30.2 30.3 30.2 30.0 29.8 28.9 29.2 30.2 30.2 30.7 30.3 30.0

Buluma

Ave. 27.0 26.8 26.7 26.6 26.6 26.4 25.7 25.8 26.4 26.6 26.9 26.7 26.5

Min 23.4 23.4 23.2 23.2 23.2 22.9 22.7 22.4 22.7 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.0

Max 30.6 30.2 30.3 30.2 30.1 29.9 28.8 29.2 30.2 30.2 30.7 30.3 30.1

Source: PIU-NMSA Tabulation of information from http://en.climate-data.org

A.2.3 Climate Change

51. Climate change information specific for Bougainville, New Ireland, Manus, East New Britain, and West New Britain Provinces have not been accessed (except for anecdotal and secondary information for Lou Island presented in the location description elsewhere in this report). 52. The Pacific Climate Futures project however has projected minimum temperature increases of 1.1°C by mid-century for PNG. Globally, emissions are tracking at the upper emissions scenarios. The location of PNG near the Equator and its landforms contribute to high levels of variation in climate among various regions of the country.

http://en.climate-data.org/

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53. This climate variation means that accurate assessments of potential climate change impacts in PNG require regional context. However, at the national level, recent studies indicate that PNG’s climate is indeed changing. For example:

(i) Annual and seasonal ocean and land surface temperatures have increased by 0.6°C to 1.0°C since 1910;

(ii) Since the 1970s, decadal average temperature has increased by 0.3°C to 0.5°C. (iii) Significant increases have been observed in the annual number of hot days and warm

nights, with significant decreases in the annual number of cool days and cold nights.

A.3 Seismic Activity 54. Of the CP2 provinces, Bougainville, East New Britain and West New Britain provinces are among the areas in PNG that are volcanic. According to the PNG National Disaster Centre, these are the provinces prone to earthquakes together with Morobe, Madang, East and West Sepik, Southern Highlands, and Oro Provinces.

B. Biological Environment 55. The information about the biological environment in the country presented in this section has been adopted from the PNG State of the Coral Triangle Report. Baseline biological environment conditions of the project sites are discussed separately based on pre-installation assessments conducted by the PIU. 56. Papua New Guinea is located in the Coral Triangle region that is known to be the world’s hot spot for marine biodiversity. The country is vested with complex marine habitats such as coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, sand and mud shore and intertidal flats, barrier dunes and their associated lagoons like the rocky shorelines, reef walls and drop-off areas. Marine organisms are associated with this array of habitats and therefore are important components of the rich marine biodiversity of Papua New Guinea (PNG Marine Program on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security, 2010-2013). 57. PNG’s principal marine and coastal ecosystems include 13,840 km2 of coral reefs, 4,200 km2 of mangrove swamp forests, and extensive seagrass beds. The country is home to at least 500 species of stony coral, 1,635 reef-associated fish species, 43 mangrove species, and 7 seagrass species. 58. Most of PNG’s coral reefs are of the fringing or patch type, with extensive barrier reefs occurring only along the country’s southern coast (e.g., the Motuan coastline), the Louisiade Archipelago, and around the East Cape on the eastern coast. Fringing and patch reefs predominate along the northern coast (e.g., Madang) and the New Guinea islands (PNG State of Coral Triangle Report, 2014). 59. While PNG’s extensive coastal reefs and offshore patch reefs show a high degree of biodiversity, information on the country’s reef environment is limited due to limited research, monitoring, and management capacity. Nevertheless, some monitoring data are available from non-government sources. 60. Coral diversity is typically very high in Papua New Guinea’s reefs and this is globally significant. In Kimbe Bay of West New Britain, a total of 345 species of coral were reported. This number compares favourably to that of other detailed surveys conducted in Australia, Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines and elsewhere in Papua New Guinea and at the time was amongst the highest ever reported from such a small area. Two thirds of the coral reefs surveyed had high levels of live reef cover (greater than 50 %), and many individual sites had extensive areas of

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very high coral cover (greater than 75 %) indicating the near pristine state of the coral reefs at those locations (PNG State of Coral Triangle Report, 2014). Such reports confirm the global environmental significance of the coral reefs and marine environment in Papua New Guinea. 61. Nearly all the sites covered in this pre-installation assessment are located in the Northern Bismarck Sea. The Bismarck Sea is one of the richest marine environments in the world, inhabited by many thousands of marine plant and animal species. Highly diverse communities live in the ecosystem complexes of coral reefs, lagoons, seagrass beds and mangroves. The biodiversity of the Northern Bismarck Sea remains in relatively good condition, and this region is of high value for marine conservation (TNC, 2009).

B.1 Biological environmental condition of the navaid locations observed during the pre-installation assessments

B.1.1 Autonomous Region of Bougainville Navaids Locations

62. A total of eleven (11) navaids were initially proposed to be installed within the Autonomous Region of Bougainville. Due to landowner disputes only eight (8) out of the eleven (11) navaids will be installed. Their individual locations and general characteristics, and light requirements are presented in Table 6 and indicated in Figures 1 to 4. Underwater and above water photographs are provided for reference in Annex 2.

Table 6 List of Navigational Aids for Installation in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville

S.N.

Site Name

Location Name Water Depth

Substrate type AtoN Description

1 Cape Hanpan

Cape Hanpan 2.0 m at high water

Mixture of hard reef pavement (dry reef at low water) and rock

Monopile in water, Landfall light, 10 NM range, white

2 Buka Passage

Beacon No.2 3.0– 4.0 m Pavement with sand patches (encrusting corals all around)

Monopile in water, Port Lateral 5 NM range

3

Carola Harbour

Carola Landing Beacon No.6

0.5– 1.0 m Rubble/sand Monopile in water, White Light, 3 NM range

4 Hetau Passage Beacon No.1

2.0 m Rubble/Sand with sparse algae cover

Monopile in water, Starboard Lateral 3 NM range

5 Hetau Passage Beacon No.2

1.0m Hard bottom with encrusting corals

Monopile in water, Port Lateral 3 NM range

6 South Channel Beacon No.3

2.0m Rubble/sand with sparse coral/algae cover

Monopile in water, Starboard Lateral, 3 NM range

7 South Channel Beacon No.1

5.0 m Rubble/sand with rocks and coral patches

Monopile in water, Starboard Lateral 3 NM range

8 Nissan Island

Nissan Island South Point

2.0 m at high water

Hard reef with dense algae cover

Monopile in water, South Cardinal, 10 NM range

Source: PIU Pre-installation Assessment, February to April 2016.

B.1.1.1 Buka Passage

63. Buka Passage is located between the main island of Bougainville and Buka Island, the two main Islands of the Autonomous Regain of Bougainville. Buka Passage is deep and narrow ranging from about 300 to 1,070 metres wide. It is the main passage connecting nearby coastal communities of Bougainville and Buka Islands and is also the entrance into Buka town. The main wharf at Buka is also located next to the passage. Therefore, local traffic of small craft using this main passage is always high.

22

64. Several small Islands and reefs are found along Buka Passage. Beacon 2 will be used to reference a small reef patch along the passage. Beacons 1 and 4 will be situated next to fringing reefs adjacent to Buka island shores while Beacon 3 marks the reef adjacent to the small Minan Island. Three of the piles in the middle of the passage still have visible remnants. Only Beacon 1 at the south entrance of the passage showed no remnants. 65. Due to site ownership disputes by the neighboring communities, three of the four beacons initially proposed to be installed in Buka Passage were assessed (Beacons 2, 3 and 4) but will no longer be installed under this contract package. Only Beacon 2 shown in Figure 1 will be installed. 66. A community of sea urchins (Crown of Thorns) were found attached to the hard reef substrate where Beacon No.1 would be located. Also noted of the area were presence of various sea stars and few scattered corals. No other marine communities and organisms were readily observable for the other sites within the passage during the brief visit. 67. There is a good extension of mangrove forest covering the coastlines surrounding Buka Passage but this will not be directly affected by any of the proposed replacement installations. The Islands have shores made up of dark sandy beaches largely due to the prehistoric volcanic origin of the Bougainville Islands and later the oceanic influences and formation of fringing and barrier reefs. 68. All piles will be located in shallow waters of not more than 4 m depth. They will all be situated on hard bottom reef substrates with surrounding sandy patches except Beacon 3 which will be located on a sandy patch.

Figure 1 Location of Navaids in the Buka Passage. Source: Chartlet – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment, February to April 2016.

69. The above water and underwater photos of the site at Buka Passage are presented in Annex 2.

B.1.1.2 Cape Hanpan

70. Cape Hanpan is located at the northern tip of Buka Island, at the outermost point of the fringing reef extending outwards to deeper seas as shown in Figure 2. The navaid will be located on hard bottom reef substrate and is about 2.0m deep at high water.

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71. The landfall light that will be installed will mark the safe waters ahead of the Island. The land edge next to the reef presents a steep slope lookout to the point. There is thick vegetation cover with trees (presumably endemic to the area) extending to the shoreline. Heavy swell on the adjacent reef below is typical of this site.

Figure 2 Location of Navaid in Cape Hanpan. Source: Chartlet – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment, Feb - April 2016.

72. Above water photos of Cape Hanpan navaid location are presented in Annex 2.

B.1.1.3 Carola Harbour

73. Carola Harbour currently has four old existing navaids that are in very poor condition requiring replacement. One of the proposed replacements for this harbour, Beacon No.2 (Carola Landing Beacon) is no longer in existence. No remnants or traces of it were found during the visit and as such this site could well be a new replacement installation. This site is in close proximity to the community and is located on the reef just offshore from where the main community is, of about 100 m distance. 74. The substrate is entirely made up of rubbles and sand. Parts of the reef flat become exposed at low tide showing many star fishes all across the reef with a few bêche-de-mer observed. The site has no coral presence but only sparse algae cover. Nevertheless, precautionary principles apply to minimize adverse impacts to these organisms. 75. The other replacement piles are situated on reef patches within Carola Harbour. The underwater substrate is similar for all sites. A mixture of sand and rubble substrates with little to no coral cover was consistent for three sites except one; the Hetau Passage Beacon No.1 which has hard bottom substrate with encrusting corals. The depth at the sites range from 1.5 m to 5 m. 76. Two of the standing piles in the harbour have big masses of live corals attached and growing on the piles. This indicates that the pile can also aid in providing additional surface area for coral growth at the reef.

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77. A total of five (5) navaids will be installed within this passage. Their individual locations are presented in Table 5 above and indicated in Figure 3 below. Underwater and above water photographs are presented in Annex 2.

Figure 3 Location of Navaids in Carola Harbour.

Source: Chartlet – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment, February to April 2016.

B.1.1.4 Nissan Island South Point

78. The proposed light on Nissan Island will be located at the southern end of the island. It is the point furthest out on the reef facing Buka Island. A light placed there would easily be detected by people travelling from Buka. 79. The reef flat extends several kilometres across the shores of the southern end of the island to the eastern shores of the island. This fringing reef is exposed to the open sea and as such experiences great wave action on a regular basis. The hard reef flat was visually observed to host algal growth covering the whole reef. A readily observable marine lifeform at the location was bêche-de-mer occurring in very small numbers and scattered over the entire reef. Gathering of this marine resource during installation by NIC personnel shall be strictly prohibited. The substrate at the chosen installation location is hard reef pavement and is close to the reef edge where the waves break. The whole reef flat including the selected location becomes dry at low tide.

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Figure 4 Location of Navaid in Nissan Island. Source: Chartlet – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment, Feb to April 2016.

80. Above water photos of Nissan Island South Point are presented in Annex 2.

B.1.2 New Ireland Navaid Locations 81. A total of five (5) navaids will be installed within the waters of New Ireland Province mostly in the outlying Islands. Their individual locations and general characteristics, and light requirements are presented in Table 7 and indicated in Figures 5 to 9. Underwater and above water photographs are provided for reference in Annex 2.

Table 7 List of Navigational Aids for Installation in New Ireland Province

S.N. Site Name

Location Name

Water Depth Substrate type AtoN Description

1

New Ireland

Feni Island 2 m Hard reef with sparse algae cover

Monopile in water, West Cardinal, 10 NM range

2 Tanga Islands 1.5 m Hard reef with sparse algae cover

3 Tench Island 0.5 (at Low water) to 1.5 m (at high water)

Aggregated rocks with algae cover

4 Emirau/Eloaua Island

1.5 m at high water

Hard reef pavement with sparse coral/algae

Monopile in water, East Cardinal, 10 NM range

5 Tingwon Island 1–2 m


B.1.2.1 Feni Islands

82. The reef description at Feni Island is very similar to that of Nissan Island South Point. There are reefs all around the island and the western part has an extensive fringing reef adjacent to shore. The light will be situated at the western tip of the island as shown in Figure 5 where it will be able to provide position fixing for vessels travelling from both the north and south vessel voyages. The reef flat zone dries up at low tide and appeared completely bare when observed during the visit. No corals or lifeforms were seen for the selected location which showed a uniform substrate as per the rest of the reef – that of a hard reef pavement substrate.

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Figure 5 Location of Navaid at Feni Islands. Source: Chartlet – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment, Feb to April 2016.

83. Above water photos of Feni Island navaid location are presented in Annex 2.

B.1.2.2 Tanga Islands

84. Tanga Island is located north of Feni Island and south-east of Kavieng town. The light at Tanga Island will be situated on a fringing reef at the western end of the island as shown in Figure 6. This will warn traffic travelling north, south and from the west of the existence of the reef and adjacent land. Similar to Feni and Nissan Islands, the substrate at the site is all hard reef pavement with little sandy patches on the reef flat zone. The reef flat had scattered corals with few invertebrates like bêche-de-mer and some unique crustacean species (unidentified) that were observed in the area during the site visit. Algal cover was noted as being present throughout the reef.

Figure 6 Location of Navaid at Tanga Islands.

Source: Chartlet – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment, Feb to April 2016.

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85. Above water photos of Tanga Island navaid location are presented in Annex 2.

B.1.2.3 Tench Island

86. Tench Island is a very small island surrounded by reefs located in the Pacific Offshore Bioregion. The atoll island encompasses small area of shallow water rising from a very deep seafloor and is subjected to very strong disturbance regimes and oceanic influences from the Western Pacific Ocean. The reefs around the island are rich in lifeforms of different corals serving as habitat for invertebrates and reef fishes. The locals have reported giant eels living within the reef adjacent to their beachfront. These eels come out only at night to feed on food scraps that the locals let into the sea. There were also a good number of turtles of the species Chelonia mydas (Green Turtle) encountered there during the site visit. 87. The Island itself is home to many sea birds. Several different species were seen flocking together on the trees at the shore. Some had wing span as wide as 1 m apart. The high diversity of marine life on the reef is a result of local conservation measures. The local community does not over harvest food from the reef. For instance, they don’t hunt turtles but only get fish and certain shells from the reefs. They protect their reefs by not allowing outsiders to disturb the reef. This practice must be strictly observed by NIC personnel during installation works in this location.

Figure 7 Location of Navaid in Tench Island. Source: Chartlet – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment, Feb to April 2016.

88. The light will be situated on the reef at the western end of the island as shown in Figure 7. It will warn traffic travelling north, south and from the west of the existence of the reef and adjacent land. The reef substrate at the selected site is made up of aggregated rock pavement and algal cover.

89. Above water and under water photos of Tench Island Navaid Location are presented in Annex 2.

B.1.2.4 Emirau Island

90. The Emirau group of islands consists of large Islands and coral atolls that experience oceanic influences both from the Bismarck Sea and the West Pacific Ocean. The light will be located on the southern fringing reef of one of the small Musau/Emirau islands called Eloaua Island as shown in Figure 8. This group of islands are in the calm protected waters of the Bismarck Sea which experience little oceanic influence and no major currents. White sandy beaches dominate the inner sheltered shores where the water is calmer.

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Figure 8 Location of Navaid in Emirau Island. Source: Chartlet – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment, Feb to April 2016.

91. The proposed light will be situated on the reef flat and will provide unrestricted coverage to vessels travelling from the North, East and South. This reef flat is composed of hard reef pavement with sparse coral/algae cover. It becomes barely submerged at low tide and is 1.5 meters below water at high tide. 92. There were unique species of singular/free living corals and colourful molluscs seen at this reef. A good number of bêche-de-mer were also noted for the site. An edible seaweed grows annually at the site which the local community harvests each year. They expressed concern that the installation process may disturb or damage the seaweed harvesting site. The seasonal occurrence of the seaweed production during installation works shall be strictly observed in consideration of the community’s concern. A few kilometres from the site towards the western shores of Eloaua Island is a turtle nesting site but this site is not locally conserved. Precautionary principles will continue to apply to ensure that this nesting site is not disturbed during installation works by the NIC. 93. Above water and under water photos of Emirau Island navaid location are presented in Annex 2.

B.1.2.5 Tingwon Island 94. Tingwon Island is located north-west of New Ireland Province and is within the West New Ireland Bioregion. This region is known to have narrow fringing reefs in calm protected waters of the Bismarck Sea, experiencing little oceanic influence and no major currents. The light will be located at the north end of the island where it will provide unrestricted light to the north, east and south passages.

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Figure 9 Location of Navaid in Tingwon Island. Source: Chartlet – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment, Feb to April 2016.

95. The reef where the light will be located at the eastern tip of the island has typical reef zones as shown in Figure 9. From the shore, seagrass bed covers the reef flat zone all the way to the reef crest just before the drop. The light will be installed at the reef crest on a substrate of hard reef pavement and sand. The area remains submerged at low tide. Reef crest zones experience moderate to high wave action and as such not much corals and other lifeforms apart from small reef fishes were seen at the site. White sandy beaches extend all along the shore with mangroves and coconut trees, all of which will not be directly affected by the installation works. 96. Above water and under water photos of Tingwon Island navaid location are presented in Annex 2.

B.1.3 East New Britain Navaid Locations

97. A total of three (3) navaids will be installed within the province. Their individual locations and general characteristics, and light requirements are presented in Table 9 and indicated in Figures 10 and 11. Underwater and above water photographs are provided for reference in Annex 2.

Table 8 List of Navigational Aids for Installation in East New Britain Province.

S.N. Site Name

Location Name

Water Depth Substrate type

AtoN Description

1

Rabaul

Pidgeon Island On land Rock (presumably corraline limestone)

Monopile on land, South Cardinal or land fall light, 10 NM range

2 Vulcan Point 2.0 – 3.0 m Sand and sparse coral seabed

Monopile in water, Sector Light, 6 NM range with separate white light, 2 NM range

3 Raluana Point/Tagirgir Point

3.0+ m Coral with sandy patches

Monopile in water, Port Lateral or landfall, 5 NM range


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B.1.3.1 Pidgeon Islands

98. The Pidgeon Islands are located east of Blanche Bay and are composed of Nanuk (Pigeon Island), and Palakuvur (Big Pigeon Island). The navaid in Pidgeon Island will be located at the easternmost tip of Big Pigeon Island where the foundation will be of rock, presumably coralline limestone. Whilst the headland is vegetated, the installation will be located in an area where only a coconut tree will be directly affected by installation activities.

Figure 10 Location of the site at Pidgeon Island.

Source: Chartlet – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment (PIA), February

to April 2016. 99. Above water and underwater photos of Pidgeon Island navaid location are presented in Annex 2.

B.1.3.2 Blanche Bay/Simpson Harbour

100. The Rabaul site was initially proposed to include three (3) navaids installations, all to mark the entrance from Blanche Bay to Simpson Harbour. The first installation site will be at Raluana Point on reef waters of more than 3 meters depth where albeit characterized to have vigorous coral growths, has sandy patches where the navaid can be installed. The Point is also a sacred traditional ceremonial site for the people of Raluana. It is where they initiate their young males into manhood and as such the site is used for the landing of the “dukduks” by canoe from the sea. No females are allowed to go near or to that Point on any day. The NIC will be required to strictly observe precautions during the installation activities in this area due to the coral growths, and also the customs and traditions of the community which holds Raluana Point with very high respect. 101. The second installation site will be at Vulcan Point in the vicinity of the previous installation also on reef waters of between 2 to 3 meters in depth on sandy and sparse coral seabed. 102. The third installation site will be at the Matupit Island on either the sandy or volcanic substrate waters or on the shore a few meters away from the first location which is also of sand or volcanic deposits. 103. Two locations in this site have disputes concerning site ownership rights and underwent mediations. These were the locations at Raluana and Matupit. These disputes were resolved for

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Raluana whereas Matupit was removed later from Contract Package 2 (CP2) when disputes could not be resolved.

Figure 11 Location of Navaid sites in Blanche Bay, Rabaul.

Source: Chartlets – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment (PIA), February to April 2016. 104. Above water photos of the navaid locations in Blanche Bay are presented in Annex 2.

B.1.4 West New Britain Navaid Locations

105. A total of four (4) navaids will be installed within the province. All installations will be within Kimbe Bay. Their individual locations and general characteristics, and light requirements are presented in Table 9 and indicated in Figures 12. Above water photographs are provided for reference in Annex 2.

Table 9 List of Navigational Aids for Installation in West New Britain

S.N. Site Name

Location Name Water Depth

Substrate type AtoN Description

1

Kimbe

Beacon 2 (3) 10 m Sand Monopile on water, Starboard Lateral, 5 NM Range

2 Beacon 3 10 m Sand Monopile in water, Starboard Lateral, 5 NM Range

3 Beacon 5 <10 m Sand Monopile in water, Port Lateral, 5 NM Range

4 Beacon 6 (2) <10 m Sandy patches in corals and rocks

Monopile in water, Port Lateral, 5 NM Range

Source: PIU Pre-installation Assessment, February to April 2016. Numbers in parenthesis are the new numbers to be adopted consistent with maritime-recognized systems.

B.1.4.1 Kimbe Bay

106. The navaids installations in Kimbe are located within the Kimbe Port limits and are replacement installations for better visibility in guiding approach towards the port. These complement other existing navaids marking reefs that are dispersed over a wide area along the bay.

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107. Three (3) of these navaids will be located in deeper waters on sandy substrate while the other will be located in a reef of corals and rocks in shallower waters.

Figure 12 Location of Kimbe Navaids. Source: Chartlet – NMSA GIS; AtoN locations: PIU Pre-Installation Assessment, February to April 2016.

108. Above water photos of Kimbe Bay navaid locations are presented in Annex 2.

C. Marine Protected Areas and Rare and Endangered Species 109. None of the sites in CP2 will be located within a National designated Marine Protected Area. However, some of the sites are located in areas known to be locally protected and managed by the local communities. These includes the sites at the Tench and Emirau/Musau Islands. The reefs surveyed show viable healthy corals that are intact. Clam shells of all size range were sighted during the inspection at Musau Island. The reefs were seen to have high populations of turtles, reef fishes and sea birds. Tench islanders practice reef closures allowing harvesting only at certain times of the year during special occasion. They don’t harvest turtles, and as such the number of these sea turtles observed per single dive survey of the site was higher than anywhere else observed. Bêche-de-mer is an important commercial species also common in the waters of the Bismarck Sea. Most local communities in the New Ireland Province know of its value and are mindful of its conservation and management. Sea cucumbers were seen in all the sites visited. 110. PNG is known to support a large variety of rare and endangered marine species that exists all throughout PNG waters, including:

14 species of mammals, primarily whales and dolphins but also including the Dugong (Dugong dugon)

309 species of corals, jellyfish and sea anemones

54 species of fish

2 species of clams, including the Giant Clams (Tridacna gigas) 111. For this project only the sessile and semi-sessile species are likely to be affected. These includes the corals, sea anemones and invertebrates. The migratory species like the reef fishes and dolphins sighted en-route to Pidgeon Islands won’t be harmed by installation activities as

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they will just move away from where there will be disturbances on site. Coral habitats within the direct vicinity may be affected but re-growth and repopulation albeit may take time will occur afterwards and the habitat will eventually recover to its natural state. 112. Whilst a network of marine protected areas had been identified and proposed for development around the waters of these provinces, no light installations have been confirmed to be located directly into these areas. But even if such will be confirmed at a later time during NIC pre-installation activities, these will benefit from the light installations and complement conservation activities of the communities and organizations by marking these sensitive locations from the dangers of vessel groundings and resulting negative impacts of oil spills.

D. Socio-economic Environment 113. This section is derived from two in-house reports prepared by the project consultants. These reports are:

1. Analysis of the Socio-Economic Survey for Package 2 Communities (New Guinea

Islands) -- Community and Lands Specialist;

2. PNG 2017 Field Note; Financial - Economic 2 -- Economist Consultant

Detailed Socio Economic baseline information of the communities can be derived from the full Survey Report by the Community and Lands Specialist. Similarly the Financial Economic analysis report by the project Economist Consultant will also be made available for reference once it is finalized. However, for the purpose of this section as per ABD’s requirements, some baseline information made available through these reports are presented. Also presented are District Profiles of CP2 communities taken from the report on “PNG District and Provincial Profiles”.

D.1 New Ireland Province 114. New Ireland Province has two districts where navaids are planned for installation. Most people living on the main island are able to earn relatively good incomes from the sale of surplus copra, cocoa, oil palm, fish and other food products. However, toward the south of the island and the island groups offshore, the ability to earn incomes is low. Wage earning opportunities are best in Kavieng, where relatively good incomes are available from wages and royalties from the Lihir Goldmine. Moderate to high incomes can be earned in both the Namatanai and Kavieng Districts from the sale of commodities such as copra, cocoa, betel nut, fish and food from across each District. Table 10 and Figures 13 and 14 below presents some basic data on this Province and the Districts of interest.

Table 10 Economic Breakdown for New Ireland Province

Category Province New Ireland

Districts Namatanai Kavieng

Population (est) 118,000 65,000 53,400 Population/sq. km 12.4 9.9 17.9 Literacy rate 77.4 77.9 76.9 Life Expectancy 57.9 - - Main Economic Activity Food crops Food crops Food crops Coconut Betel Nut/Coconut Coconut.

Source: PIU-NMSA

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Figure 13 District Profile for Kavieng. Source: Report on PNG District and Provincial Profiles.

Figure 14 District Profile for Namatanai. Source: Report on PNG District and Provincial Profiles.

D.2 East New Britain 115. East New Britain is the other Province in which navaids will be installed in two of its Districts. Generally speaking, relatively decent incomes can be earned in the area around the Gazelle Peninsula from the surplus sale of cocoa, betel nut, copra and food. Non-agricultural income can be derived from the many businesses and plantations operating around Kokopo and Rabaul. Incomes are much less in the south, although some incomes and royalties can be earned from forestry near Pomio.

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116. One of the Districts where the navaids will be installed is Kokopo. This is a small, semi-urban District and because of its proximity to larger populated areas, incomes are relatively good across the District, derived mainly from the surplus sale of cocoa, betel nut, fresh food, copra and fish. It is also one of those Districts where wage employment can be obtained in the businesses and plantations around Kokopo town and Rabaul. 117. As is the case with Kokopo District, Rabaul is a small semi-urban district where incomes are also relatively good from similar commodity sales and wage employment from businesses and plantations in the area. Table 11 and Figures 15 and 16 below present some basic data on this Province and the Districts of interest.

Table 11 Economic Breakdown for East New Britain Province

Category Province East New Britain

Districts Kokopo Rabaul

Population (est) 220,100 58,400 27,000 Population/sq. km 14.4 143.0 284.7 Literacy rate 81.6 89.4 95.3 Life Expectancy 57.1 - - Main Economic Activity Food crops Coconut Food crops Betel Nut Food crops Coconut.

Source: PIU-NMSA

Figure 15 District Profile for Rabaul. Source: Report on PNG District and Provincial Profiles.

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Figure 16 District Profile for Kokopo. Source: Report on PNG District and Provincial Profiles.

D.3 Manus and Bougainville 118. The Provinces of Manus and Bougainville all have one District in each where navaids will be installed. Moderate incomes are available in those areas with good access to markets. However, as is the case elsewhere, people in remote areas earn lower incomes. In some areas, remittances serve as the basic income. Table 12 and Figure 17 below present some basic data on Manus and Bougainville and the District of interest.

Table 12 Economic breakdown Manus and Bougainville

Source: PIU-NMSA

Category Manus Province & District

Bougainville Province

District of North Bougainville

Population (est) 43,400 175,200 73,100 Population/sq. km 21.7 18.7 24.3 Literacy rate 85.8 76.7 79.8 Life Expectancy - 59.6 - Main Economic Activity Coconut Coconut Coconut Food Crops Food Crops Food crops

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Figure 17 District Profile for North Bougainville. Source: Report on PNG District and Provincial Profiles.

119. Cash income from local market surplus sales varies in each of the above Provinces from a low of Kina 153/market day in New Ireland to a high of K280/market day in East New Britain. Income from surplus sales in regional and town markets is much higher, with a low of K377 in Manus to a high of K1125 in East New Britain.

III. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES AND MITIGATION MEASURES

120. This identifies the anticipated impacts to the physical, biological and socio-economic environment of the navaid locations based on information gathered during the assessment as well as secondary information.

A. Anticipated Impacts on the Physical Environment

A.1.1 Meteorology and Climate 121. The Project (and all the proposed aids to navigation) that will be installed will have no impact on meteorology or climate. The navaids will however, be subjected to meteorological and climatological variations from which the monopile and associated equipment to be installed will have sizes and focal heights among others considered in NICs design and installation requirements.

A.1.2 Rainfall 122. The Project (and all the proposed aids to navigation) will have no impact on rainfall patterns. The navaids will however, be subjected to variations in rainfall for which the equipment will have to be designed to adopt to these variations.

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A.1.3 Temperature 123. The Project (and all the proposed aids to navigation identified during the assessment) will not affect area or regional temperatures. The navaids will however, be subjected to variations in rainfall for which the equipment will have to be designed to adopt to these variations.

A.1.4 Climate Change 124. Impacts on this project caused by climate change are considered negligible. The navaids are designed for a 20-30 year lifetime. Sea level is forecasted to increase by 9-30 cm between now and year 2055. The monopiles will be installed to a focal plane height of 6-7m above mean sea level (msl), greatly exceeding the anticipated sea level rise. For land-based installation, no impact will be anticipated as these are all well above the sea level elevations atop the headlands. 125. Climate change is expected to decrease the number of cyclones in the country but will increase their intensities over this period. Monopiles proposed for this program are designed to withstand 100-year storms, incorporating safety factors exceeding conditions anticipated due to climate change (ADB. Feb 2012. Papua New Guinea: Community Water Transport Sector Project – Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment ADB TA Consultant Report, TA-6420).

A.1.5 Seismic Activity

126. The Project will have no effect on local or regional seismic or volcanic activity. However, seismic movement or volcanic eruptions could have a seriously destructive effect on installed navaids most especially for aids to navigation located in Bougainville, East New Britain and West New Britain where active volcanism occurs.

A.1.6 Noise 127. The only potential noise that will occur during construction is if the NIC uses a Vibratory hammer or a drop hammer/hydraulic hammer/diesel hammer while setting the monopole into the hard reefs or seabed; and the use of drills (only when appropriate as construction methods to adopt) in hard rock bottoms particularly in the headlands of Sovorani Reef, and Pidgeon Island. The resulting pounding, or drilling may be loud, but should last less than one hour for each installation in most bottom types. 128. Hard or intractable bottom materials may cause extended noise duration such as those in the following: New Irelands Sites, Lou Island in Manus Province; and Pidgeon Island in East New Britain. But while noise levels are not expected to be a nuisance to communities’ farther inland, NIC workers shall be provided with ear protection (personal protective equipment) to reduce the impact of elevated noise levels to their health. 129. If the Contractor uses a vibratory hammer, the noise generated will be far less. None of the proposed navaids will include bells, whistles, horns, or any other noise generator although top marks could cause some wind noise with probably no more than communities already experience from palm fronds and the like. A.1.7 Flashing Lights

130. Given the close proximity of the lights to some of the nearshore communities, flashing navaid lights may become a nuisance to these communities. The Contractor will need to put in place practical mitigation measures such as light shields to limit/address flashing light disturbances unto the surrounding communities. For CP2 only one community is expected to be disturbed by the light from the selected site - the Raluana Community in the East New Britain Province.

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A.1.8 Aesthetics 131. As previously reported during the PPTA, the Project is not expected to generate public disfavor regarding navaid appearance or other aesthetics. Public response to previous navaid installation programs in PNG has indicated overwhelming approval by the public and local communities. This is further confirmed during this pre-installation assessment where all communities given project awareness readily signed free and prior informed consent (FPIC) forms.

B. Anticipated Impacts on the Biological Environment during Installation 132. All navaid installations except those land-based installations in the Sovorani Reef, Matupit Island and Pidgeon Islands earlier identified above will be in near-shore (Carola Harbour, and Raluana Point) and off-shore waters (the rest of the installations). No new shipping channels will be established and all installations will be placed to provide safer navigation of existing channels and shipping lanes. 133. The proposed monopile type of navaid will result in the loss of seabed habitat production when the hollow monopile is driven into the bottom substrate; and loss of terrestrial vegetation in land-based installations albeit varying in severity. This will be unavoidable and permanent for the life of the navaid structure, albeit the pile itself will provide a new substrate for reef and/or other marine habitat to attach; and may be perching and nesting habitats for birds in the case of land-based installations (Sovorani Reef, Pidgeon Island and Matupit Island). 134. For purposes of this assessment the larger diameter is assumed as per the precautionary principle. The area of a 1.0m diameter circle is 0.8m2; therefore the unavoidable impact imposed by each pile will be as much as 0.8m2 loss of bottom habitat in leased areas of 400 square meters (20m x 20 m on water; and 100 square meters (10m x 10m) on land. 135. The other primary potential for loss of bottom habitat is crushing by the anchors which are not yet known at this time but which will depend on the NIC vessel type. Most barge operators would probably use four (4) anchors for stability purposes, or perhaps with an additional two (2) spuds anchors. In actual practice, the stern anchor should be set well into the deeper channel where extensive vigorous coral growth is unlikely (except in Raluana Point in East New Britain) based from the assessment, so actual damage from this anchor should be minimal. The NIC shall be required to provide information about its anchoring procedures through its work method statement, and in the installation environmental management report.

136. The bow anchor also has potential to inflict bottom habitat damage, and this anchor must be set following NIC’s work method statement and installation environmental management plan, and in the appropriate water depth that can provide stable anchoring, closer to the actual navaid installation point. This may or may not cause serious damage albeit should be duly given the appropriate attention. There are sand and coral rubble areas that can be identified in the areas assessed to set this anchor. Negative environmental impact may therefore be minimal. Whilst there are also coral areas (for example in Raluana Point, and in other locations (according to local sources, and secondary information) that had not been inspected due to swell conditions); and few locations with seagrass beds identified, NIC shall apply precautionary principles to ensure minimization of the impacts to these habitats. 137. Throughout the Contract Package 2 Provinces, environmentally sensitive areas that maybe jeopardized by installation operations either directly or indirectly include corals and seagrass beds which abound in some identified sites. However, within these habitats are available sandy patches or dead corals or a combination of non-vigorous coral substrates or non-seagrass beds within the radius of identified locations that present opportunities from which to place the navaids.

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Nevertheless, the NIC is expected to adhere to precautionary principles, conduct more thorough pre-installation investigations and judiciously implement its environmental management plan. 138. Sea cucumber (bêche-de-mer), edible seaweeds, turtle nesting sites, and pods of dolphins were observed in the waters of the provinces under this contract package. The habitats will not be directly affected during navaid installations but seasonal occurrences and community concerns will be strictly observed, and installation works planned accordingly in consultation with the local communities. 139. Migratory or mobile species like fishes, dolphins and turtles are less likely to be affected by installation activities. Noise disturbances proposed by the hammering of piles will be limited only to the installation period which should last no longer than one hour for each installation. Reef associated mobile species can easily repopulate the habitat again after the pile has been installed. 140. In a few locations, mangroves exist but no mangrove vegetation will be directly affected by the installation operations because all are located off-shore away from these habitats. Land-based installations in several locations will not also affect mangroves because these installations will be limited to terrestrial vegetation in the headlands. 141. It is recognized that indeed potential for serious impact exists. These can be mitigated by NIC’s work method statement, and installation environmental management plan addressing concerns about the approach, placement, and anchoring of the work barge at each location. This stage is influenced by numerous factors, including water currents, wind, waves, and water depth, visibility, and operator competence. However, positive impacts of the program leading to improved shipping safety, fewer shipping accidents and spills and potential habitat destruction caused by groundings, and loss of human life greatly outweigh the potential impacts of navaid facility installation. 142. Potential for environmental impact is created by materials utilized and waste produced by the work barge and crew. These potential impacts are manageable, and shall be addressed in the NIC’s work method statement and installation environmental management plan. These are addressed in this EMP for NIC to address during the tendering and actual installation processes.

B.1 Anticipated Impacts on Rare and Endangered Species 143. Although no rare or endangered species were encountered within the immediate pile locations that were assessed and identified by community residents, the PPTA advised that it is incumbent to assume that rare and endangered species are present and to operate with appropriate care. If these are encountered at the project sites they will be logged by the NIC’s onboard Marine Ecologist and reported. These endangered species when identified shall not be harmed or captured for food by NIC crews and workers. The NIC shall conduct awareness raising of this concern as part of the pre-employment requirements. The list of these endangered species may be referred to the PPTA Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) from time to time where necessary. Better yet, the NIC shall have access to reference material to identify these species once they are sighted in the vicinity of the installation areas. These sightings shall be recorded in the installation environmental management reports to be submitted to the PIU.

B.2 Barging Positioning and Stabilization 144. Barge positioning and stabilization presents significant risk during the installation process when not properly done and managed due to its impact to the marine environment. Improper barge positioning and stabilization may disturb the surrounding substrates that may result in disturbance creating high water turbidity (albeit maybe only for a short while during maneuvering),

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and migration of the suspended materials into surrounding coral habitats due to sustained propeller movement. 145. There are no location-specific barging positioning and stabilization recommended for any of the navaid locations at this time of the assessment. Barging positioning and stabilization will be left to the NIC to manage as it sees appropriate based on actual weather conditions such as wind, tidal height and streams, and swell conditions during each installations. In addition, these weather conditions will be taken into consideration together with the barge type and size, and its pile equipment configuration. 146. It is however, strongly recommended that the NIC implements its installation environmental management plan keeping in mind avoidance or minimization of environmental impacts to the reef or their nearby surrounding areas, most especially in locations where there are known conservation concerns to be considered such as those in Tench Island, and Emirau Island that hosts nesting sites for turtles and seasonal appearances of edible seaweeds. 147. Once the work barge is positioned and stabilized, pile installation in near-shore and offshore areas will be straightforward and negative impact is minimal but will be managed by the NIC. However, in land-based installations (Sovorani Reef, Pidgeon Island, and Matupit Island), there will be additional attention in shore landing requirements for deliveries of construction materials and equipment including the work personnel. Repeated shore landings shall be minimized and managed accordingly in accordance with safe work method/occupational safety and health requirements. 148. This is also important in addressing shore landing requirements for construction equipment, materials and personnel for land-based installations involving repeated landings, distance to shore, and availability of facilities. 149. The NIC is expected to provide a qualified Marine Ecologist on board to assist selection of anchor points, and pre and post-installation assessment regarding any and all impacts. These requirements will be provided in the tender documents for NIC compliance.

C. Anticipated Impacts on the Socio-Economic Environment The Project imposes very little to no direct negative social and economic impacts. All the navaids are located either underwater, on reefs or on dry exposed areas on cliffs and as such no resettlement issues will arise from the project. The Project will not have direct impact on the people, their land, properties and homes. Social issues regarding site ownership and boundaries may arise during the initial community awareness and consultation stage of the project but are always dealt with by the Project CD team during community consultations. If a consensual agreement is not reached by concerned parties, the site is excluded from the Project. During the construction period, there may be minor temporary disturbances to the fishing and hunting grounds of the communities but these disturbances to the waterbed column are limited only to the actual installation location which should only last for about 3-4 hours. Soon after installation, the site will recover and so too will its marine life and the local fishermen will regain their fishing grounds. All these are clearly explained to the communities during community consultations. It was noted from previous installations that light emitted from navaids attracts fish at night and also the area of the pile below water provides additional surface area for algal growth. Thus, attracting more fish to the area and allowing for more catch by the fishermen for their consumption and for sale at the market.

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The Project may have indirect negative social and economic impacts on the community. According to a Poverty and Social Assessment Report done for some selected project sites, the risks most commonly identified are from outside influences, through the visits by the navaid construction crews and higher volumes of people travelling through ports of call, could expose young people particularly, to alcohol, teenage pregnancies and STIs. Transport systems and infrastructure development are recognized internationally as contributing to increased HIV transmission. This risk will be mitigated by the Project through training and awareness raising for both the contractor’s installation crews, and the recipient communities. HIV/Aids awareness will be carried out in the communities by the Project CD team as part of their Community Engagement Program. The project as part of its EMP guidelines will require the NIC to outline in their IEMPs ways in which the contractors will mitigate these issues. Other issues that may also arise are due to land rent payments and community payments which typically occur if community awareness and consultations are not properly undertaken. For each of the communities in the project sites, ample time is always given to the PIU’s CD team to carry out full community awareness activities/programs intended for the landowners and the community as a whole. Any community or landownership issues/disagreements that cannot be resolved at the time triggers the exclusion of the proposed site from the project.

IV. CONSULTATIONS WITH THE PROVINCIAL LEVEL-AND LOCAL LEVEL GOVERNMENTS AND COMMUNITIES

150. This section reports on some of the findings as presented by the PIU CD team in their reports on the consultations done for the NGI Provinces in Contract Package 2 since it’s commencement in February, 2016. The full report (see separate report; Consultation) also covers awareness activities and programs implemented for each community by the PIU CD team through its Community Engagement Programs.

A. Stakeholder Consultation 151. A vital element of the project visibility is stakeholders’ consultation. Stakeholders at each site and navaid location were consulted during the PIA activities. There have been courtesy visits to all five Niugini Provincial Administrations by the Project Management prior to the first field visits to the communities. The main aim of these visits was to introduce the project to the Provincial Administrator (PA), Governor and respective officers, Land, Law and Justice, Planning and Local Level Government. All visits received a positive response and support was given by the respective administrations. The crucial part was to initially contact the Lands Division to receive initial information about communities in the vicinity of the proposed navaid sites. Some of the locations are very remote and often Provincial Lands Officers were new to the villages. A few islands do not have mobile network coverage or radio connection which made it difficult to contact them in advance.

A.1 Field Trip Programme 152. The same programme that was prepared and used for Contract Package 1 was used for Contract Package 2. 153. Whilst the engineering and environment team inspected the navaid sites during the PIA visits, the community team started with the awareness process. Communities were informed about the benefits of the project including improved safety and environment protection. Posters and photos were shown to illustrate the types of Navaids which will be installed. It was also made

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clear then that for appropriate land acquisition, identification of landowners and training of CLC members, the team would return for a second visit. The FPIC form was read out and translated whenever necessary. Sufficient time was given for people to ask questions and/or express their concern. After that the FPIC form was signed.

A.2 Gender 154. In compliance with the Project´s Gender Action Plan women were involved throughout the consultation in the communities. Matrilineal societies like the NGI communities allow women to be landowners and inherit land to their daughters; however for land negotiations uncles and brothers officially led the discussions. The CD PIU team ensured at least one female landowner or representative was present for the signing of the Free Prior and Informed Consent; this was all accepted by community members. For the second visit women will be encouraged to become members of the Community Lighthouse Committees and take over more responsible tasks.

A.3 Land Acquisition and Resettlement (LAR) 155. The project does not have direct impacts on resettlement as all navaids are positioned either under water, on reefs or rocks or on exposed areas on exposed areas on a cliff. To document that there is no resettlement needed, the team completes the Land Acquisition and Resettlement (LAR) checklist, which includes (i) a short description of the site (ii) type of land acquisition of customary land (mostly lease agreements) initiated in the second consultation visit and (iii) a short due diligence report. This is signed by the Gender, Community and Lands Specialists, the Team Leader and the Project Manager (See separate report). 156. The area of land required under water is 400m2 (20m x 20m) and the area on land is 100m2 (10m x 10m). If additional compensation is envisaged, for example, removal of some vegetation, then the Valuer remarks this in the respective valuation report for each site. 157. Out of the 20 sites that have been inspected and assessed, only one will be on land (Pidgeon Island) while the remaining 19 will be under water.

A.4 Findings in Different Communities 158. This section provides a short description of each community. Most meetings were held away from the villages on special points, in general at the beach. A detailed description of communities and socio economic data was collected during the second visit. Following is a table, which covers general findings on demographic data and descriptions;

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Table 13 Main Outcomes of Activities in Communities

Province Names on the charts/ English Names

No Traditional Names Community Names

Description of Communities Comments

Autonomous Region of Bougainville

Cape Hanpan (North Buka)

1 Kape Hanpan/ Aragah

Hanpan Hanpan is a populated community at the North of Buka Island; it has a community school, Aid Post, community social places like sports field, Catholic church, meeting areas; several small enterprises (stores).

After the second assessment, it was decided that the site be under water.

Buka Passage Beacon No.2

2 Koteikanak

Novahnek (Novah 1)

Novahnek is a vibrant community South West of Buka town. The houses are spread on the hill. There is a community school and an Aid Post.

There were land disputes during the erection of a Digicel tower; 2 major clans

Carola Landing Beacon No.6

6 Tulung Karola Karola Village is part of the township of Buka with the residences from the run down cocoa plantation. Closed plantation; the land is reserved for the resettlement of Carteret Islanders as proposed by ABG. There are several chiefs in this area and it was agreed that the Paramount Chiefs will meet as to avoid any lands discussion before the second visits starts. The site, which is matched with the FPIC is located in the Buka Passage.

Hetau Passage Beacon No.1

7 Wapu

Hetau Island

Hetau Village is on a small Island, which is part of the Pororan island group. Their district is Buka, LLG is Peit and the estimated population for Hetau is 450+ Hetau was the second Island visited by the team (customary lands officer, GCLS and Daniel Ngala) on the same day after visiting Karola Island. The team met up with whole community and their chief on the beach shore for the meeting or awareness. On arrival women from the village washed the legs of the team in respect to their custom saying that the team´s visit was the first of its kind and they were happy to welcome all.

Traditional name not clear

Hetau Passage Beacon No.2

8 Kulu (Wapu 2?)

South Channel Beacon No.3

9 Diwau 2

Pororan Village/Hetau Passage

Yaporu and Hetau Islands are group of Island belonging to Pororan Island which is the main centre in Karola Bay.

Pororan village has an estimated population of 2000+ The Village is under Peit LLG and has two (2) major clans and

13 sub clans. i. Nakaripa, ii. Nabuoen

Hetau Island village descends from Pororan. South Channel

Beacon No.1 10 Diwau 1

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Improvements or development in the community includes a school (Early Child Learning – Gr. 8) and an aid post

Nissan Island South Point (B11)

11 Tulau (Kamloe) Gerei Gerei Community is located at Nissan Island and comprises of 3 villages; the meeting was held in their meeting place, the team walked 10 minutes to the village. The engineering team had to walk an hour to the site.

2 major clans

New Ireland Province

Feni Island 12 Pikan/ Waranguspak (Pan)

Pikantubulam

Feni islands is a volcanic island group with a dozen communities; Pan consists of three villages; mining prospecting for gold; it has one community school, an aid post and several elementary schools; the community gathered at a meeting point at the beach.

3 major clans

Tanga Islands/ Malendok

13 Hantineng Reef/Sinaudu

Sindaodu Malendok island is part of Tanga islands, which are of volcanic origin. There are several communities on the island, a community school, and an aid post. The island forms Ward 6 of Tanir Rural District and has a population of 1,383 people (706 males and 677 females) according to the population and housing census from 2011. People live from subsistence economy. Staple food is banana, taro and coconuts. Sindaodu follows a patrilineal society. Transport to Namatanai is with banana boats, which takes several hours. The community faced a lot of sea accidents. There is a digicel tower on the northern part of the island.

2 major clans identified in Emu Village also found in Sindaodu

Tench Island

14 Silaka Reef

Tench Tench island is part of Emirau/Mussau atolls, a small and very remote place near the equator; it is flat and inhabits one village. To surround the island it takes about half an hour walking. The villagers live from subsistence economy, staple food is taro, sago, banana, coconut and fish; no cash crops growing. Population is ~ 70 people, there is one elementary school, one aid post, no store for goods. The village follows a matrilineal system, which was introduced by the Chief from the previous generation. The island hosts 4 to 5 different species of birds, which use the island as nesting ground. The villagers do not disturb the birds. Fresh water is taken from a well, rainwater catchments are not appropriate, because of high birds´ population, which contaminate the water in the tanks.

3 major clans

Emirau Island

15 Ekilakile Eloaua Loaua

Eloaua island is a part of the Mussau atolls; its population goes up to 700 people; there is one village at the island, Loaua, which has the landownership of the site. The village is widespread and hosts a community school up to grade 8. The main nomination is SDA

4 major clans

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with a big church in the middle of the village. The villagers live from subsistence, staple food is banana, taro, coconut and fish; they also harvest sea weed. Travelling hours to Kavieng with dinghy are six, which makes the journey in the open sea quite risky; they also experience loss at sea.

Tingwon Island

16 Bangatan Tingwon Tingwon is part New Hanover Atolls. Population is ~ 300 + people, there is one elementary school, one primary school, one aid post, they have a small store for goods. High school is located on New Hanover island. The village follows a patrilineal system; congregation is United Church. There are 6 hamlets on the island and 4 clans. An aid post is located at the far end of the island. The common language is Tanga. The team visited Sai hamlet. Water supply is provided by a well. Travel distance to Kavieng by banana boat is ~ 6-7 hours. The people live from subsistence economy; staple food is banana, taro, coconut and fish.

3 major clans

East New Britain

Matupit Island Point

22 Bitgun Point Matupit The Matupit communities are some of the first communities to resettle after the volcano erupted in 1994. The community is 15-20 minutes by road from Rabaul and depends on the condition of the road. The people here a known for collecting wild fowl eggs for their own consumption or to earn a bit of money.

In the water or on land

Raluana Point 23 Tagirgir Point Ialakua This community is also along the Kokopo- Rabaul highway but closer to Kokopo. The meeting was conducted at the church area. The community is along the coast while some live inland. The houses close to the meeting area were made from permanent building materials (such as timber and roofing iron).

Vulcan Point 24 Kuraira Tavana The Tavana (Pronounced Tovana) is one of the villages along the Rabaul-Kokopo highway. It is not a big community and is located inland. There were about five houses at the place where the awareness was conducted. It was mentioned by one of the villagers that, all their old/ elderly people had died and that those present at the awareness were related/ family.

Pidgeon Island Point

25 Pupuongon Palakuvur There is a small Pidgeon Island and the bigger island as well. The Proposed site is on the big Pidgeon Island. The Island was once a coconut plantation which has now been reclaimed by the State (Government of PNG), however, part of the island has been inhabited by some local villagers. The part of the island that has

On land

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been inhabited is divided into two blocks/sections. The block facing Kokopo is the community that the team met with. The island is surrounded by rocky reefs.

West New Britain

Kimbe Beacon No.03

26 Four existing structures that will be replaced and are within port limit. No FPICs signed.

Kimbe Beacon No.02

27

Kimbe Beacon No. 06

28

Kimbe Beacon No. 05

29

30 Information on change of light numbers to align with IALA system

Pelelua Reef North

31 Narivurivu Buluma Buluma is one of the many communities that are situated along the side of the Hoskins-Kimbe Highway. It consists of 5 sub-communities. There is logging in the area to which the landowners get royalties. Most people in West New Britain own blocks of oil palm which is the main cash income and this is no different to people who live in Buluma. The community spreads from the shore to the inland. There is a Primary School and an Elementary School in the community. There is a mixture of semi-permanent and permanent houses in the whole community. There are also trade stores and mini market places where people sell their garden produce. People have gardens from which they harvest for both own consumption and selling.

2 FPICs signed.

Pelelua Reef South

32 Natetele

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V. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

159. The grievance redress mechanism (GRM) provided here updates the version presented in the IEE during the PPTA which reportedly had been established, based on existing conflict resolution practices and traditions in PNG, for the project. The GRM will address any issues or complaints raised during project implementation. From an environment safeguards perspective it is possible that people may have concerns with the project’s environmental performance including the implementation of the EMP. Issues may occur during installation and again during operation. Any concerns will need to be addressed quickly and transparently, and without retribution to the affected persons (APs) or persons who raised the issue.

160. The following process is to be used and commences with an attempt to sort out the problem directly at sub-project level. If this cannot be resolved then the grievance moves to the resolution process outlined in Section 87 of the Environment Act 2000. The process is also shown as a flow chart in Figure 18.

A.1 During construction

161. Most complaints arising during installation works are expected to be minor complaints that should be resolved quite easily and acted upon immediately at the work-site level by the PIU Staff who will consult with the NIC’s assigned focal person on board the work barge. This focal person shall be identified by the NIC in its IEMP. Where the complaint is of a more serious nature the PIU Staff has up to two weeks to resolve the compliant.

I. All complaints arriving at the NIC’s Office (whether at the work barge or in its regular

offices on land) are to be entered in a Register that is kept at site by: date, name, contact address and reason for the complaint. A duplicate copy of the entry is given to the complainant AP for their record at the time of registering the complaint. The Register will show who has been directed to deal with the complaint and the date when this was made together with the date when the AP was informed of the decision and how the decision was conveyed to the AP.

II. The Register is then signed off by the person responsible for the decision and dated. The Register is to be kept at the work barge until its return to the port where the PIU and NIC maintain their regular offices. The Register shall be treated as a public document. The duplicate copy given to the AP will also show the procedure that will be followed in assessing the complaint, together with a statement affirming the rights of the AP to make a complaint. For anybody making a complaint no costs will be charged to the AP.

III. The PIU Staff will consider the complaint and within a maximum of two weeks will convey

a decision to the AP. The AP or the Ward Councilor may if so desired discuss the complaint directly with the PIU Staff or his representative. Prior to the dismissal of a complaint, the PIU Staff will present the case to the PM at the PIU for review. Should the PIU concur that the complaint be dismissed, the AP will be informed of their rights in taking it to the next step. A copy of this decision is to recorded in the database held at the PIU

IV. Should the AP not be satisfied the AP may take the complaint to the CEPA and continue

the grievance in accordance with Section 87 of the Environment Act 2000. Procedure for dealing with compensation claims for environmental impacts. The procedure is shown in Figure 18.

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Figure 18 Flow Chart Outlining Grievance Redress Mechanism

Complaints to be actioned in

2 Weeks

90 days

As Required

Person Making Complaint

On-Site Project Engineer or PIU Staff

Complaint Approved

Directs NMSA to instruct PIU Staff to Rectify Complaint

PIU Staff arranges to rectify complaint

CEPA

NO

Yes

Complaint Approved

NO

Yes

Judicial System

Complaint Approved

Yes

NO

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V. Affected party (AP) meets with the PIU Staff or NIC focal person to formally register concern over impact and seek redress. A copy of the alleged impact is submitted to the CEPA.

VI. The PIU Staff and NIC focal person has to determine whether the impact has

occurred due to the installation activities.

VII. If the NIC through its focal person accepts responsibility for the impact, it can negotiate a mutually acceptable settlement with AP within 90 days.

VIII. If NIC rejects responsibility for the impact, AP can request CEPA to carry out a

verification investigation.

IX. If CEPA confirms that the impact has occurred, he/she will advise the NIC and AP to negotiate a settlement within 90 days.

X. If a negotiated settlement is not reached under either Step 3 or 5, the NIC or AP can

request the CEPA to formulate a determination. Once this request is made, CEPA will have 90 days to reach a determination.

XI. If either party is dissatisfied with the determination, it can appeal to the National

Court.

XII. The CEPA will have four weeks to consider the complaint. The CEPA will arrange for any complaint to be dealt with under the same procedure i.e. there will be no charge made to the AP for making a complaint.

XIII. Should the AP not be satisfied with the ruling of the CEPA, the AP may at their

discretion take the grievance to the PNG judicial system. This will be at the APs cost but if the court shows that the CEPA, or the administration have been negligent in making their determination, the AP will be able to seek costs.

A.2 During Operation

162. The same procedure is followed except that the complaint is now directed to the NMSA Manager/PIU to rectify. During operation the same conditions apply; i.e. there are no fees attached to the AP for making a complaint, the complainant is free to make the complaint which will be treated in a transparent manner and the AP will not be subject to retribution for making the complaint.

XIV. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 163. This section discusses the mitigation and management measures to avoid, reduce, mitigate or compensate for adverse environmental impacts during project implementation. It is prepared as the IEMP based on the template provided in the EARF and updated accordingly by being less prescriptive to allow NIC the flexibility to use appropriate equipment and work methodology that will achieve the desired positive environmental outcomes. 164. This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) identifies the potential project environmental impacts and defines mitigation measures and monitoring requirements for the pre-installation, installation, and operational stages of the project. It also defines the institutional arrangements and mechanisms, the roles and responsibilities of the different organizations identified for the project, and budget for implementation of the EMP. The EMP seeks to ensure environmental protection activities throughout the project stages and continuously improve in order to prevent,

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reduce, or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and risks. The EMP draws on the findings of the Pre-installation Assessment (PIA); builds from the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) during the Project Preparation Technical Assistance (PPTA) previously prepared for the project; and on the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) discussed and agreed with the Asian Development Bank (ADB). 165. This EMP is based on the pre-installation assessment activities of the PIU and will also be included as a separate annex in all bidding and contract documents. The NIC will be informed of its obligations to implement the EMP, and to include EMP implementation costs in their bids for installation works. The EMP includes an environmental monitoring program. The monitoring results will be used to evaluate (i) the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts, (ii) the performance of the environmental protection measures and compliance with relevant laws and regulations.

A. Institutional arrangements and responsibilities for EMP implementation

166. National Maritime Safety Authority. The National Maritime Safety Authority is the Executing Agency (EA) of the Maritime and Waterways Safety Project (MWSP). NMSA will be responsible for the overall implementation and compliance with loan assurances, the PIA and the EMP (including Environmental Monitoring Plan). 167. Project Implementation Unit (PIU). The NMSA has established a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) led by a Project Manager (and assisted by a team of specialists from a consultancy firm) who will be responsible, on behalf of the NMSA, for the day-to-day management of the project. The PIU will have the overall responsibility to supervise the implementation of environment mitigation and monitoring measures, ensure the contractors' compliance with environmental management requirements, and coordinate the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and report to ADB. The PIU has one full-time Environmental Officer on its staff to coordinate and manage EMP implementation. Furthermore, the PIU will be responsible for installation supervision and quality control. 168. PIU Environmental Staff. The PIU Environmental Staff (Environmental Officer assisted by an International Environment Specialist) prepares and submits on behalf of the PIU, the Notice of Preparatory Works (NPW) for new navaid locations; prepare a pre-installation checklist to guide the collection of data and preparation of pre-installation assessment (PIA) reports; coordinate with GLCS and CLCO as required to undertake public consultations during PIA and during implementation as per the IEMP and agreed method statement; prepare site specific PIAs and IEMPs for each site; submit PIA and IEMP to ADB for clearance; submit PIAs for sites with new navaid locations to CEPA and confirm with CEPA whether EPs (with or without conditions will be required for any identified sites; ensure all relevant IEMP measures are included in tender documents for each contract package; submit copies of IEMRs to CEPA for their information; assist the NIC, as required, to prepare the method statements to comply with the IEMP; monitor grievances and performance of the GRM and reporting serious problems to the Project Manager; monitor NIC implementation of the IEMPs; support actions to address non-compliance with IEMPs; supervise preparation of IEMRs (including CAMMs) for each navaid site and provide to PIU and ADB for clearance; report on IEMP progress and prepare quarterly summary for PIU to assist preparation of PIUs QPR for submission to ADB; conduct training of PIU and NIC Staff as required; and arrange for an independent post-installation audit to be undertaken by an international organization with specific marine ecology experience. 169. Navaid Installation Contractors (NICs) will be responsible for responding to IEMP information in bid documents for this contract package, prepare method statements for implementation at each site; implement the site IEMP for all navaid installation activities; prepare monthly IEMP reports for submission to the PIU as part of the progress reports including monthly

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accident report and measures undertaken to address any non-compliance issues identified by the PIU or CEPA; and prepare and submit installation environmental management reports to PIU and ADB after completion of navaid installation at the sites. NIC(s) will have on-board a Marine Ecologist or similarly qualified specialist to conduct pre-installation surveys and submit reports to PIU for review and approval. 170. Independent Post-installation Environmental Auditor. As provided for in the EARF, an independent post-installation environment audit will be conducted to independently confirm NIC compliance to environmental requirements and enforcement criteria within the NIC contract terms. This will be based on a sample of not less than 15% of all navaid installation sites. The responsibilities of the Independent Post-installation Environmental Auditor include the following: a) assist PIU in the confirmation of NIC compliance to environmental requirements and enforcement criteria within the NIC contract terms especially on the assessment of environmental damage around navaid installations; b) prepare audit report of NIC compliance based on not less than 15% of all navaid installation sites; and c) provide recommendations for future guidance in the improvement of installation activities, and penalties as maybe applicable consistent with the PNG Environment Act of 2000 and strict enforcement of conditions in the NIC contract terms. 171. Conservation and Environment Protection Authority (CEPA). The CEPA is PNGs environment regulator, and administers and enforces the Environment Act 2000 and regulations. Based on submissions of Notice of Preparatory Works (NPW) and other required documentations by the NMSA, it will review and determine whether Environment Permits (EPs) with or without conditions will be required for any identified sites of the project; undertake monitoring of compliance with the Installation Environmental Management Plan (IEMP) as required; and administers NIC waste disposal permit applications and performance. 172. Asian Development Bank. The ADB will have the following responsibilities over the project: review and clear PIA and IEMPs; review QPRs which include IEMR and identifies any issues to be addressed; assist with corrective actions as required; and review post-installation audits and recommendations.

B. Pre-Installation Impacts and Mitigation Measures 173. The several pre-installation tasks required under the project include the following:

I. Community awareness/consultation and interaction which were conducted during the PIU Pre-installation assessment but which shall continue through with the NIC activities;

II. Conduct of PIU-NMSA pre-installation assessments (PIA); III. Preparation of PIU-NMSA PIA Report, and NIC PIS as part of the installation

environmental management reports; IV. Identification of land owners or custodians to be facilitated by the PIU in coordination

with the Department of Lands and Physical Planning on an on-going basis; V. Initiate the land acquisition process (either lease agreements or outright purchase)

which will be an on-going activity to be facilitated only by the PIU (actual negotiation will have to be done and concluded by the CDD of the NMSA;

VI. Clarification of the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) which was explained to each of the communities during the PIU pre-installation assessment activities but which will be reiterated when a NIC is selected and mobilizes to the locations;

VII. Inclusion of EMP conditions in bid documents; VIII. Selection of navaid installation Contractor NIC); IX. Pre-installation orientation meetings between PIU and NIC; and X. Preparation of Work Method Statement, and Installation Environmental Management

Plan by the NIC.

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174. With the exception of the PIAs of the PIU, and the PISs of the NIC as part of its installation activities, all of these activities are exclusively administrative tasks that will have no direct negative impact on the physical and biological environment around the navaid locations. The PIU PIA and NIC PISs as part of its pre-installation work consist of swimming/diving surveys to characterize environments at several individual installation locations. No environmental damage has occurred (during the PIA), or is anticipated to occur (PISs) during these surveys.

C. Community Consultation and Land Acquisition 175. The PIA and community awareness activities of the PIU confirm that there are no previously negotiated and executed lease agreements for all the navaid locations identified in Bougainville, New Ireland, Manus, East New Britain and West New Britain Provinces. Any landowner claims will go through the NMSA office. 176. Prior to any construction or installation, the communities have to give their consent (signing of FPIC) for the installation of the navaid, which establishes an easement providing access to the site for NMSA and its agents ( e.g. contractor); further the PIU GCLS and CLCOs will support Land Officers of the Department of Lands and Physical Planning, in the initiation of land acquisition for each navaid installation The CDD-NMSA will formally finalize a Lease Agreement to be signed by the NMSA Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the appropriate customary landowners), as per the PNG Land Act (1982) provisions for “customary right of use” specifications with the assistance and cooperation of the PIU GCLS and CLCOs. This Agreement will:

Establish a 20-30 year agreement between the customary landowners of the navaid location and the NMSA;

Specify the area to be leased as 400m2 per light at sea, or 100m2 on land; and

Specify the annual rental fee. C.1 Community Consultation and Interaction 177. Community awareness were conducted during the PIU PIA which resulted in the signing of FPIC forms as discussed above. Although this had been done, the NIC must still meet with the community officials and landowners to confirm respective responsibilities concerning navaid construction and maintenance, and present details of construction as well as construction schedules and access to near shore waters in locations where local communities have Customary Use rights. 178. This shall be done prior to initiation of any work on the identified navaid locations. The meetings will also provide opportunity to negotiate with local communities concerning on-site fishing for personal crew consumption; no such fishing will occur without community permissions. Minutes of this or these meetings will be taken and included as an annex to the installation environmental management report (IEMR) since this will be done on arrival to each location as part of the NIC pre-installation activities. 179. If practicable, the ES/EO or GCLS/CLCs should participate in these meetings.

D. Pre-Installation Assessment and Reporting 180. PIA and community awareness meetings were conducted by the PIU at each navaid location as required. The PIU Team consisted variously of the following PIU Staff: Project Manager (PM), PIU Project Accountant, Team Leader (TL), Maritime Safety Specialist (MSS), Environment Specialist (ES), Environment Officer (EO), Gender and Community Lands Specialist (GCLS), and Community and Lands Coordinators (CLS). The PIU Team was supported by

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National Government, and Provincial Government Staff during the field activities most especially during the community awareness meetings. 181. The PIU PIA characterized the bottom types of each navaid location following the hierarchy of preferred bottom types. The NIC will be required to conduct pre-installation surveys, prepare work method statements to properly manage the installation process and ensure the avoidance or minimization of environmental impacts to the navaid locations.

E. Installation Phase Activities and Mitigation Measures 182. There will be two types of installation environments involved under this contract package. These are (i) land-based installations and (ii) near-shore and off-shore installations. Generally the same pre-installation activities will be required for both. However, there are additional activities for land-based installations that need special attention as follows: 183. Site preparation for the foundation works. The NIC shall prepare an appropriate work method statement for this work following a detailed inspection of the site conditions. Under this environment, clearing of trees and other vegetation will typically be required albeit not similar in severity for all sites (some sites may require several trees and undergrowth to be removed, while others will require little vegetation removal). There will be also handling and management of construction materials and equipment from ship to shore and the NIC shall be required to exercise due diligence based on its work method statement and installation environmental management plan. 184. In addition, the NIC shall be required to engage a Terrestrial Ecologist or Biologist (whichever specialists are available in the country) to identify and count the number of trees that will be affected (it is anticipated that trees along the headlands are smaller in diameter) for all land-based navaids installations. 185. The NIC shall be required to (i) limit the cutting of trees and removal of undergrowth to the minimum and preferably confined within the 100 sq. m. area that will be acquired; (ii) limit excavation works according to technical/design considerations that maybe required to be proposed during the tender process; and (iii) minimize land disturbance outside of the 100 sq. m. leased areas. 186. Should additional areas be required during the installation to accommodate materials and equipment, rental compensation for the areas utilized as construction yard (although it is anticipated that most of the materials will be prepared/pre-fabricated on-board the barge and delivered to each land-based sites) shall be paid to the landowners. 187. Compensation for trees cut may be required or replanting of the required number may be effected based on community consultations or agreement with the community or affected landowners. 188. All NIC workers hired off-site shall be provided board and lodging accommodation on the work barge rather than in the community. This will avoid providing housing and sanitation facilities at the work site. Labor requirements may be also sourced from the community during the site preparation activities as a gesture of goodwill and to facilitate cooperation of the community over the long term. 189. Construction materials and equipment deliveries. It is anticipated that there will be transfer of materials and equipment to the work site through the safest and nearest shore landing locations. The NIC shall provide work method statement to address these shore landing requirements.

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190. The NIC shall be required to select the best route to shore that will avoid or minimize reef damage where these are likely to be encountered such as at Raluana Point, Sovorani Reef, and Pidgeon Island. In addition, NIC shall properly plan construction and equipment deliveries to minimize unnecessary repeated landings, and occupational safety issues associated with vessel to shore movements. It is also expected to properly adhere with occupational health and safety requirements. E.1 Manoeuvring and Stabilizing the Work Barge 191. The NIC will be required to engage a Marine Ecologist as part of its team. In addition, due to the necessity of locating navaids on land, a Terrestrial Ecologist or Biologist will be required on short and intermittent basis to be provided by the NIC to further characterize the affected habitats, and prepare and monitor compliance with the NIC’s installation environmental management plan. Additional activities that may have potential impacts to the general land and anchoring areas are provided in this report for further guidance and validation during pre-installation and installation works. 192. Manoeuvring and stabilizing the work barge entails the greatest potential for environmental impact and risk and must be conducted carefully with sufficient attention to detail. Potential causes of problematic approach include water currents, wind, waves, water depth and visibility. Accordingly, no barge positioning should be undertaken when weather and sea state conditions impose inappropriate risk. These factors must be evaluated prior to approaching any installation site, and the NIC will make their own determination of the best way to undertake the required activity based on site conditions including meteorological, as well as equipment type and size. 193. Water depth limitations for each of the navaid locations have been described in the PIA. Further evaluation of local bathymetry should result in NIC planning the best approach of the barge to the installation site. Anchors have great potential for damaging coral reefs. Therefore, the NIC should determine the most appropriate types of anchors based on navaid location conditions and in order to avoid or minimize damage. 194. Before and after underwater photographs will be taken of all anchoring and pile locations. 195. All of these shall be addressed in the NICs work method statement and installation environmental management plan. E.2 Pile Installation 196. Once the work barge is in position and stabilized, the pile driving process for near-shore and off-shore installation will be relatively straightforward. The NIC shall prepare a work method statement for carrying out this activity. 197. However for land-based installations (Sovorani Reef and Pidgeon Island), temporary unnecessary community disturbance may be felt (only in locations near populated communities) in the form of elevated noise levels; localized dust generation (anticipated to be nil to minimal notwithstanding during dry weather days); and localized erosion and turbidity of surrounding waters during inclement weather. The NIC will be required to a prepare work method statement and installation environmental management plan. 198. As part of the pre-installation activities, the NIC shall engage with the community to follow up on consent earlier taken during the PIU PIA activities. Noise disturbance shall be minimized with use of appropriate construction technology and equipment. In land-based installation locations, the NIC will manage excavations and bare ground surfaces to the minimum as

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necessary and shall take note of weather conditions in the area during construction planning and implementation, and adopt measures consistent with the work method statement to minimize negative impacts and unnecessary exposure. E.3 Debris Removal and Clean up 199. Debris Removal and site cleanup will include the marine environment of the navaid installation site and surroundings used during the barging and shore landing operations; and the entire 100m2 land area to be acquired or leased for the land-based installations. For land-based installation, attention is required to ensure that all construction equipment, excess materials and waste materials are removed from the construction site and loaded back to the work barge for proper disposal at an NIC approved/designated waste disposal site.

200. When navaid installation results in replacement of a pre-existing navaid, the old navaid structure will be removed for appropriate disposal or recycling when it is evaluated as a potential boating or environmental hazard. When old structures are removed, all due care must be taken to minimize environmental damage. If possible, old structures still embedded in the seabed will be removed using appropriate equipment to loosen and pull them from the substrate. If the structures break off underwater, the Contractor must consider appropriate techniques and document the removal process and any disturbance as part of the installation completion report. Appropriate debris removal techniques shall be also described in the NIC’s method statement. 201. Upon completion of all other activities, all materials/wastes associated with construction shall be removed. These materials will be stored on the construction barge until they can be disposed of at the NICs facility or recycled. E.4 Management of Waste and Hazardous Substances 202. The NIC shall use appropriate methods to minimize loss of any hazardous substances into the water or substrate (i.e. oil containment booms and skirts, absorbent pads, and other spill control equipment, etc.) which will be stored in easily accessible locations for rapid deployment. All crew shall be trained in their use prior to departing the barge’s home docking facility. 203. Fuels and lubricants will be contained in spill-proof containers or tanks. All fuel storage and refueling areas aboard the work barge will be adequately bunded to contain accidental spillage. 204. Sewage and Grey Waters shall be stored in on-board sullage tanks until they can be discharged either into port reception facilities as best practice, and/or managed to conform or in accordance with MARPOL Annex IV – Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from ships. PNG is a signatory to the MARPOL (The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocols of 1978 and 1997 Relating Hereto). 205. Inorganic and Solid Waste that will not degrade will be stored aboard the work barge or other work vessel for later appropriate disposal at approved municipal facilities. Specifically, the NIC shall conform with “The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocols of 1978 and 1997 Relating Hereto”, MARPOL and its Annexes as follows:

Annex I: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil (October 1983).

Annex II: Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk (April 1987).

Annex III: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried at Sea in Packaged Form

Annex V: Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Garbage from Ships (December 1998).

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E.5. Post installation inspection and audits 206. Inspection shall be made of each entire installation area by the NIC to determine presence of debris, even if unrelated to navaid installation. Corrective actions shall be immediately set in place prior to departure from the installation site. 207. Separate post installation audits shall be conducted by the PIU following completion of installation works through an independent organization, educational institution or Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) involved in conservation work under the Melanesian context. The post installation audits will determine requirements for compensation or penalties for non-compliant works and/or environmental damages beyond area of concern (i.e. 100 m2.. land to be

acquired; 400 m2.. for marine areas; barging positions; shore landing areas) following applicable

provisions of the PNG Environment Act of 2000 for each level of non-compliance. The schedule of penalties extracted from the PNG Environment Act of 2000 is appended to this document as Annex C.

F. Operations Phase Activities 208. Operational activities related to navaids consist of periodic inspection, maintenance and repair; and replacement of stolen or vandalized equipment. These tasks will form part of the NIC contract for a set period of time, likely several years (i.e. until alignment with a future external maintenance contract through NMSA) likely be contracted by NMSA to either the installation contractor or to another qualified private firm. 209. Potential for minor environmental impacts exists when infrastructure are being painted, hydrocarbons are used for any reason, or the boat accidentally spills fuel. Monitoring of these activities should nevertheless be conducted to be sure procedures are not abused and serious errors made. This shall be managed by the NIC following its IEMP. 210. The NIC will prepare a maintenance activity checklist (MAC) to comply with EMP requirements that are relevant to the planned maintenance activity. The Contractor shall be required to complete this checklist at each navaid location and to sign each with his legal signature. 211. The NMSA and/or PIU may accompany or otherwise audit maintenance activities of the Contractor to enable inspection of actual maintenance operation conducted.

VII. MONITORING AND REPORTING 212. Monitoring of Contractor activities will largely be the responsibility of the PIU Staff that will be present during some of the typical installation activities that will be undertaken by the NIC. While the Contractor shall prepare and submit all required reports following contractual requirements, the PIU shall be responsible for either rejecting or signing off on the reports. If a report is rejected, noncompliance issues shall be identified and corrected. 213. The following reports shall be required to be prepared by the NIC: (i) Pre-installation Community Awareness Meeting (CAM) minutes will be provided for each

meeting; (ii) PISRs shall be prepared for each location surveyed and included as part of the installation

environmental management plan (IEMP);

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(iii) Vessel Operation Reports shall be prepared weekly and included as part of the Installation Environmental Management Report (IEMR) to assure that waste is being stored appropriately, waste is being disposed of at only approved municipal facilities, all fuel containers are in good condition and refueling is being conducted properly, accidental discharges if any, are to be reported and corrective actions undertaken, and discharge of sullage tanks is made to port reception facilities as best practice. NIC shall conform with “The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocols of 1978 and 1997 Relating Hereto”, MARPOL and its Annexes as follows:

Annex I: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil (October 1983).

Annex II: Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk (April 1987).

Annex III: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried at Sea in Packaged Form

Annex IV: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships (September 2003).

Annex V: Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Garbage from Ships (December 1998).

Annex VI: Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (May 2005). (iv) Installation Environmental Management Reports (IEMRs) will be prepared for each site

noting that piles are installed in positions selected during the PIU PIA and recording accurate GPS coordinates, that the construction barge and other vessels were manoeuvered and stabilized properly, shore landing locations identified, oil containment gears are easily accessible for rapid deployment, the installation sites inspected by NIC divers and certified as clean, before and after pile photographs are provided; and detailed reporting of habitat loss assessment, reef or other damage are documented;

(v) Incident reports shall be prepared as incidents occur, indicating details of environmental

issues, accidents, or other significant events either non-compliance or otherwise determined significant by the Contractor and/or PIU monitoring representative. Corrective actions shall be emphasized.

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Table 14 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (Near-shore/off-shore Navaids Installations)

IMPACT MITIGATION MONITORING

Project Activity

Applies to

Potential Environmental Impact &/or Consequence

Proposed Mitigation Measure Implementation Responsibility

Monitoring Responsibility

Timing & How Reported

PRE-INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES

Community awareness meetings, consultation and Interaction

Local communities and landowners/caretakers

Project awareness, and community acceptance; Confirms good faith agreements, solidifying partnership between landowners and NMSA

Meeting with local communities; confirm lease conditions; review GRM procedures; identify local cultural issues to be respected; identify mutual performance expectations.

PIU GCLS, and CLCO

PIU Concurrent with PIAs and the PIAR submitted to ADB for clearance; Documented by NIC in the IEMR during its pre-installation activities and submitted to PIU

Pre-Installation Assessment (PIA)

PIU Locate actual navaid locations and identify bottom types to minimize environmental impacts

Visit each navaid sites and locations concurrently with the community awareness meetings; dive on site to evaluate bottom habitat characteristics and identify bottom types following the hierarchy of preferred location (sand is highly preferred while vigorous coral growth the least preferred) & record with accurate GPS coordinates.

PIU PM/TL EO/ES

PIU/ADB PIAR provided to ADB for Clearance; copy provided to CEPA for information

Preparation of Pre-Installation Assessment Reports (PIAR)

PIU Assures that advance planning will be preserved as reference for future actions and Project evaluation,

Provide formal report of PIA results and recommendations. Includes surface photography characterizing the area and underwater photography indicating benthic habitat types and other relevant features, as well as the specific recommended navaid installation site.

PIU ES/EO PIU/ADB PIA Report provided to ADB for Clearance; copy together with NPW provided to CEPA for review to see if EPs are required

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Project Activity

Applies to





preserving environmental integrity of Project

Report must also include minutes from local community meetings.

Identify landowners or custodians

Each navaid location

Determine proper stewardship roles

Identify stakeholders with whom to properly negotiate lease

PIU CLCO and GCLS initiating the process with the Department of Lands and Physical Planning (DLPP), and the Provincial Government Levels

PIU during the project life; and NMSA post-project

Progress report to PIU during the project life; and NMSA-CDD follow up work post-project

Initiate facilitation of land acquisition process (either lease agreements or outright purchase)


Provides navaid security and local compensation opportunity, avoiding social disaffection

- Establishes long term lease agreement of specific area;

- Creates easement for construction and maintenance as provided for in the signed FPIC;

- Establishes rental fees and local revenue stream;

- Provides for local protection of navaid facility through the signed CLCs

NMSA, Provincial and National Departments for Lands and Physical Planning


Monitoring report to PIU during the project life; and NMSA-CDD follow up work post-project

Clarify Grievance Redress Mechanism

All landowners & stakeholders

Provides clarity and local confidence

Explain GRM and introduce key participants.

PIU GCLS and CLCO during the community awareness meetings; Navaids Installation Contractor (NIC) concurrently with

PIU EO Verbally during CAMs

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Project Activity

Applies to





installation works.

EMP Conditions included in bid documents

Bid and Contract documents

Loss of environmental values and project sustainability

Assure that EMP provisions are adequately covered in bid documents, Contractor proposals and contract documents.

PIU ES/EO in coordination with PIU Procurement Specialist (PS)/Procurement Officer (PO)

PIU/ADB Pre-bid release; PIU draft to ADB

Selection of Contractor(s)

PIU Selection of competent Contractor assures environmental integrity of Project is maintained

Evaluate each bid for environmental competence of Contractor. Rank bids and advise bid evaluation panel.

PIU PM, TL, and ES/EO in coordination with PIU Procurement Specialist (PS)/Procurement Officer (PO)

PIU/ADB After bid evaluation; decision submitted to ADB for review

Preconstruction Orientation Meeting(s)

NIC, and PIU Communicates expectations concerning environmental compliance and care

Conduct post-contract award meetings to review environmental, social and cultural issues to assure Contractor understanding and commitment to compliance.

PIU PM/TL, ES/EO and GCLS/CLCO

PIU After Contract Execution; minutes to file and to ADB, signed by PIU and Contractor Representative

Preparation of Work Method Statement

NIC Maintains environmental integrity of Project

Contractor prepares method statement based on IEMP and reviewed as part of tender assessment and award process, establishing Contractor’s management and compliance requirements. Must be reviewed and approved by ES/EO and PM/TL prior to work proceeding.

NIC PIU ES/EO During the tender process after PIU PIAs

INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES

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Project Activity

Applies to





Establishment of Contractor’s facilities

NICs Work barge and associated vessels

Avoids site damage/ pollution by assuring well planned and adequate facilities and equipment

Assure appropriate anchoring capability, sewage and grey water containment, hazardous materials and waste handling, availability of spill control equipment, adequate bunding to contain spills aboard, appropriate personnel safety provision, etc.

NIC, Reviewed and approved by PIU PM/TL and ES/EO prior to onset of works

PIU EO Verification/ Inspection

Site presence, Compliance to Method Statement; Verification/Monitoring Report; Review of IEMRs

Storage and handling of fuel and lubricants


Accidental spills resulting in water pollution or habitat damage

Fuel to be stored in properly sealed containers in adequately bunded area of minimum 110% capacity.

Contractor to carry sufficient spill and emergency response equipment on board the barge.

Contractor required to develop emergency response plan (as part of CEMP), and train all personnel in use of spill control equipment.

NIC PIU EO Verification/ Inspection


Use of hazardous materials


Health dangers to workers and the environment

Contractor to provide list of all HAZCHEM products carried or planned for use on work vessels, if any.

Contractor to display MSDS sheets in work areas.



Workplace health and safety


Workplace accidents and health of workers; loss of productivity

No drugs or alcohol allowed on-site.

All workers to be provided with safety equipment appropriate for tasks in which they are employed, including personal floatation devices.

Sufficient potable water and sanitary toilet facilities to be provided on the barge.



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Project Activity

Applies to





Medical and first aid facilities to be provided together with a person qualified in first aid.

Sewage Management


Spillage resulting in water pollution

Sewage and grey waters shall be stored in on-board sullage tanks until they can be discharged into port reception facilities as best practice, or in accordance with MARPOL Annex IV – Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from ships. PNG is a signatory to the MARPOL (The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocols of 1978 and 1997 Relating Hereto)



Inorganic and solid waste disposal


Prohibition of dumping to maintain environmental values

Inorganic and solid waste that will not degrade will be stored aboard work barge or other work vessel for later appropriate disposal at approved municipal facilities.



Manoeuvring and stabilizing work barge

NICs Work barge at navaid installation site

Significant physical habitat damage possible if improperly conducted

- Contractor will be required to engage a Marine Ecologist as part of the team.

- Contractor must use great care in approaching each navaid installation site.

- NIC required to exercise due diligence based on its work method statement and installation environmental management plan.



Pile Installation Navaid installation site

Unnecessary bottom community

Noise and bottom disturbance should be minimized. The NICs Marine Ecologist will guide accurate placement to areas of least environmental impact, as decided

NIC, observed by ES/EO and/or PM


Site presence, Compliance to Method Statement; Verification/Monitoring

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Project Activity

Applies to





disturbance or destruction Disrespect of community sacred sites Nuisance of flashing lights of installed navaids to nearshore communities HIV/AIDS transmission from workers and boat crew members Conflict with community members

beforehand based on the PIA, as well as the NICs work method statement and installation environmental management plan. Applies specifically to Raluana Point under this contract package. NIC to re-engage with the community to ensure that the installation activities conform with community-observed customs and traditions. Part of the lights that directly impacts the line of sight towards the communities shall be provided with shield to minimize the nuisance of flashing lights. NIC to require pre-employment medical examinations to its crew and workers; provide HIV/AIDS awareness raising. NIC to avoid conflict by asking permission when fishing on community fishing ground; and paying correct amount for the goods and services requested; also by respecting community customs and tradition.

Report; Review of IEMRs

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Project Activity

Applies to





Debris Removal

Navaid installation site and environs, including entire 400m2 lease area on water; or 100m2 on land

Maintains or even improves environmental integrity of local habitats and ecosystems

Old navaid structures will be removed and transported to an agreed location for appropriate disposal or recycling.

All construction equipment and waste materials shall be removed from the site.

A diver survey shall be made of each entire lease area to determine presence of debris, even if unrelated to navaid installation.

NIC with EO and PM consultation



Post-installation audit

At least 15% of navaid locations

Ensure compliance with Environment Act

Recommendations on compensation and/or penalties for non-compliant works and/or environmental damages

Independent organization (Specialist in Marine Ecology)

PIU

CEPA

Audit Reports

OPERATIONS PHASE

Develop MAC NIC Prevent Environmental Impairment

Assure compliance with safety measures EO PM As Needed;

Communication between EO and PM

On-site audits EO Prevent Environmental Impairment

Assure compliance with safety measures EO PM As needed;

Checklist review, personal observation, Memos to file; action on non-compliance issues

Replacement of stolen/vandalized equipment

NMSA Loss of navaids lighting due to vandalism and theft

Follow up strengthening of community involvement in the protection of the installed facilities; sustain engagement with the Community Lighthouse Committees (CLCs) and regularly pay agreed annual rent and its adjustments.

NMSA-CDD NMSA Engineers As needed and as reported by the CLCs

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Table 15 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (Land-based Navaids Installations)


Project Activity

Applies to





PRE-INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES

Community awareness meetings, consultation and Interaction

Local communities and landowners/caretakers

Project awareness, and community acceptance; Confirms good faith agreements, solidifying partnership between landowners and NMSA

Meeting with local communities; confirm lease conditions; review GRM procedures; identify local cultural issues to be respected; identify mutual performance expectations

PIU GCLS, and CLCO

PIU Concurrent with PIAs and the PIAR submitted to ADB for clearance; Documented by NIC in the IEMR during its pre-installation activities and submitted to PIU

Pre-Installation Assessment (PIA)

PIU Locate actual navaid locations and identify bottom types to minimize environmental impacts

Visit each navaid sites and locations concurrently with the community awareness meetings; inspect on-land site to identify substrate type and evaluate habitat characteristics & record with accurate GPS coordinates.

PIU PM/TL EO/ES

PIU/ADB PIA Report provided to ADB for Clearance; copy provided to CEPA for information

Preparation of Pre-Installation Assessment Reports (PIAR)

PIU Assures that advance planning will be preserved as reference for future actions and Project evaluation, preserving

Provide formal report of PIA results and recommendations. Includes surface photography characterizing the area and other relevant features, as well as the specific recommended navaid installation site. Report must also include minutes from local community meetings.

PIU ES/EO PIU/ADB PIA Report provided to ADB for Clearance; copy together with NPW provided to CEPA for review to see if EPs are required

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Project Activity

Applies to





environmental integrity of Project

Identify landowners or custodians


Determine proper stewardship roles

Identify stakeholders with whom to properly negotiate lease.

PIU CLCO and GCLS initiating the process with the Department of Lands and Physical Planning (DLPP), and the Provincial Government Levels


Progress report to PIU during the project life; and NMSA-CDD follow up work post-project

Initiate facilitation of land acquisition process (either lease agreements or outright purchase)


Provides navaid security and local compensation opportunity, avoiding social disaffection

- Establishes long term lease agreement of specific area;

- Creates easement for construction and maintenance as provided for in the signed FPIC;

- Establishes rental fees and local revenue stream;

- Provides for local protection of navaid facility through the signed CLCs

NMSA, Provincial and National Departments for Lands and Physical Planning


Monitoring report to PIU during the project life; and NMSA-CDD follow up work post-project

Clarify Grievance Redress Mechanism

All landowners & stakeholders

Provides clarity and local confidence

Explain GRM and introduce key participants.

PIU GCLS and CLCO during the community awareness meetings; Navaids Installation Contractor (NIC) concurrently with

PIU EO Verbally during CAMs

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Project Activity

Applies to





installation works.

EMP Conditions included in bid documents

Bid and Contract documents

Loss of environmental values and project sustainability

Assure that EMP provisions are adequately covered in bid documents, Contractor proposals and contract documents.

PIU ES/EO in coordination with PIU Procurement Specialist (PS)/Procurement Officer (PO)

PIU/ADB Pre-bid release; PIU draft to ADB

Selection of Contractor(s)

PIU Selection of competent Contractor assures environmental integrity of Project is maintained

Evaluate each bid for environmental competence of Contractor. Rank bids and advise bid evaluation panel.

PIU PM, TL, and ES/EO in coordination with PIU Procurement Specialist (PS)/Procurement Officer (PO)

PIU/ADB After bid evaluation; decision submitted to ADB for review

Preconstruction Orientation Meeting(s)

NIC, and PIU Communicates expectations concerning environmental compliance and care

Conduct post-contract award meetings to review environmental, social and cultural issues to assure Contractor understanding and commitment to compliance.

PIU PM/TL, ES/EO and GCLS/CLCO

PIU After Contract Execution; minutes to file and to ADB, signed by PIU and Contractor Representative

Preparation of Work Method Statement

NIC Maintains environmental integrity of Project

Contractor prepares method statement based on IEMP and reviewed as part of tender assessment and award process, establishing Contractor’s management and compliance requirements. Must be reviewed and approved by ES/EO and PM/TL prior to work proceeding.

NIC PIU ES/EO During the tender process after PIU PIAs

INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES

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Project Activity

Applies to





Establishment of Contractor’s facilities


Avoids site damage/ pollution by assuring well planned and adequate facilities and equipment

Assure appropriate anchoring capability, sewage and grey water containment, hazardous materials and waste handling, availability of spill control equipment, adequate bunding to contain spills aboard, appropriate personnel safety provision, etc.

NIC, Reviewed and approved by PIU PM/TL and ES/EO prior to onset of works



Storage and handling of fuel and lubricants


Accidental spills resulting in water pollution or habitat damage

Fuel to be stored in properly sealed containers in adequately bunded area of minimum 110% capacity.

Contractor to carry sufficient spill and emergency response equipment on board the barge.

Contractor required to develop emergency response plan (as part of CEMP), and train all personnel in use of spill control equipment.



Use of hazardous materials


Health dangers to workers and the environment

Contractor to provide list of all HAZCHEM products carried or planned for use on work vessels, if any.

Contractor to display MSDS sheets in work areas.



Workplace health and safety


Workplace accidents and health of workers; loss of productivity

No drugs or alcohol allowed on-site.

All workers to be provided with safety equipment appropriate for tasks in which they are employed, including personal floatation devices.

Sufficient potable water and sanitary toilet facilities to be provided.



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Project Activity

Applies to





Medical and first aid facilities to be provided together with a person qualified in first aid.

Sewage Management


Spillage resulting in water pollution

Sewage and grey waters shall be stored in on-board sullage tanks until they can be discharged into port reception facilities as best practice, or in accordance with MARPOL Annex IV – Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from ships. PNG is a signatory to the MARPOL (The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocols of 1978 and 1997 Relating Hereto)



Inorganic and solid waste disposal


Prohibition of dumping to maintain environmental values

Inorganic and solid waste that will not degrade will be stored aboard work barge or other work vessel for later appropriate disposal at approved municipal facilities.



Manoeuvering and stabilizing work barge

NICs Work barge with respect to shore landing requirements as discussed below.

Significant physical habitat damage possible if improperly conducted

- NIC required to exercise due diligence in identifying suitable barge locations based on its work method statement and installation environmental management plan.

- NIC will be required to engage a Marine/Terrestrial Ecologist or Biologist, and certified divers as part of the team to properly position the work barge away from sensitive marine habitats (strictly no anchoring in live coral areas).



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Project Activity

Applies to





- NIC must use great care in identifying safe approach routes to shore landing locations.

- NIC must properly plan for a construction schedule that will avoid extended period of work barge anchoring in open waters.

- NIC to use appropriate anchoring methods

Site preparation

NICs Work Method Statement; and work site

Clearing of trees and other vegetation; handling and management of construction materials and equipment;

- NIC required to exercise due diligence based on its work method statement and installation environmental management plan.

- NIC to engage a Terrestrial Ecologist or Biologist to identify and count the number of trees that will be affected (it is anticipated that trees along the headlands are smaller in diameter).

- Limit cutting of trees to the minimum and confined within the 100 m2 area; limit excavation works according to technical/design considerations that maybe required to be proposed during the tender process.

- Minimize land disturbance outside of the 100 m2; rental compensation for areas that may be utilized as construction yard if over this area (although it is anticipated that most of the materials will be prepared/pre-fabricated on-board the barge and delivered to each land-based sites).



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Project Activity

Applies to





- Provide compensation for or replace cut trees to the number that will be agreed with the community.

- All NIC workers hired off-site shall be provided board and lodging in the work barge rather than in the community to avoid providing housing and sanitation in the community itself.

Construction materials and equipment deliveries

Shore landing locations

- NIC to provide method statement to address shore landing requirements.

- NIC to select best route to shore that will avoid or minimize reef damage where these maybe encountered in some locations.

- NIC to properly plan construction and equipment deliveries to minimize unnecessary repeated landings, and occupational safety issues associated with vessel to shore movements.

- NIC to properly adhere with occupational health and safety requirements.



Pile Installation Navaid installation locations

Unnecessary community disturbance; elevated noise levels; localized dust generation (anticipated to be nil to minimal notwithstandin

- NICs to prepare work method statement and installation environmental management plan.

- Engage with community to follow up on consent earlier taken during the PIU PIA activities.

- Noise disturbance shall be minimized with use of appropriate construction technology and equipment;



73


Project Activity

Applies to





g) during dry weather days; localized erosion and turbidity of surrounding waters during inclement weather.

- Manage excavations and bare ground surfaces to the minimum as necessary.

- Take note of weather changes occurring in the area in construction implementation planning and adopt measures consistent with the work method statement to minimize negative impacts.

Debris Removal and site cleanup

Navaid installation site and environs, including entire 100m2 land area to be acquired or leased.

Maintains or improves environmental integrity of the local habitats and ecosystems

- All construction equipment, excess materials and waste materials shall be removed from the site and loaded back to the work barge for proper disposal in NIC approved/designated waste disposal site.

- Inspection shall be made of each entire lease area to determine presence of debris, even if unrelated to navaid installation.



Post-installation audit

At least 15% of navaid locations on land

Ensure compliance with Environment Act

- Recommendations on compensation and/or penalties for non-compliant works and/or environmental damages beyond area of concern (100 sq. m. land to be acquired).

- Apply applicable provisions of the PNG Environment Act of 2000 for each level of non-compliance.

Independent organization, educational institution or Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) involved in conservation work under the Melanesian context.

PIU

CEPA

Audit Reports

OPERATIONS PHASE

74


Project Activity

Applies to





Develop MAC NIC Prevent Environmental Impairment

Assure compliance with safety measures EO PM As Needed;

Communication between EO and PM

On-site audits EO Prevent environmental impairment

Assure compliance with environment and safety measures.

EO PM As needed;

Checklist review, personal observation, Memos to file; action on non-compliance issues

Replacement of stolen equipment

NMSA Loss of navaids lighting due to vandalism and theft

Follow up strengthening of community involvement in the protection of the installed facilities; sustain engagement with the Community Lighthouse Committees (CLCs) and regularly pay agreed annual rent and its adjustments.

NMSA-CDD NMSA Engineers As needed and as reported by the CLCs

75

VIII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

214. Throughout the Contract Package 2 Provinces, environmentally sensitive areas that maybe jeopardized by in-water installation operations include corals and seagrass beds which abound in some identified sites. However, there are always available sandy patches and hard pavements within the radius from the identified GPS coordinates that present opportunities from which to place the navaids. Nevertheless, it is important to adhere to precautionary principles and judiciously implement an environmental management plan during installation. 215. Of the total number of assessed sites and navaid locations, no navaids will be located directly in any of the Marine Protected Areas (particularly in Kimbe Bay in West New Britain) identified in these provinces. 216. The PIA indicates that the installation of the replacement and new navaids in these Provinces will result in unavoidable and permanent loss of small areas of habitats during their lifetime. However, this physical loss will be offset by the monopoles becoming habitats themselves for various marine organisms. In addition, this loss will be offset by the avoidance of ships and boats running aground on unmarked reefs with the potential of extensive environmental damage, as well as loss of human lives. 217. Community awareness meetings resulted in signed FPIC forms that are considered significant outcomes under this PIA because it implied community acceptance of the project and permission by the community for the installation of the navaids. However, there will be further initiating and facilitating activities to be done by the PIU throughout this project in support of NMSA actually negotiating and concluding lease agreements with customary landowners in locations where navaids will be installed. 218. The PIA concludes that adverse environmental impacts arising from replacement of existing or installation of new navaids in these provinces can be minimized to insignificant levels by selecting an NIC that will fully comply with the environmental requirements of the project.

76

REFERENCES Analysis Of The Socio-Economic Survey for Package 2 Communities (New Guinea Islands) – Project Community and Lands Specialist, Maritime and Waterways Safety Project. Port Moresby, PNG. 2017. Environmental Assessment Review Framework (EARF)--Maritime and Waterways Safety Project. The PNG Government, Port Moresby. 2005. Hamilton, R., A. Green and J. Almany (eds.) 2009. Rapid Ecological Assessment: Northern Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea. The Nature Conservancy, Indo-Pacific Resource Centre. 2009. Papua New Guinea District and Provincial Profiles. The National Research Institute, March 2010. PNG Marine Program on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security, 2010-2013: National Plan of Action. Department of Environment and Conservation-CTI. Port Moresby, 2013. PNG 2017 Field Note, Financial - Economic 2 (Draft Report) -- Project Economist Consultant, Maritime and Waterway Safely Project. Port Moresby, PNG. 2017. Safeguard Policy Statement, Asian Development Bank, Manila. 2009. State Of The Coral Triangle: Papua New Guinea, ADB-GEF-Coral Triangle Initiative. Philippines, 2014. Technical Assistance Consultant’ Report: Papua New Guinea: Preparing the Maritime and Waterways Safety Project. ADB. 2012. Vulnerability, Risk Reduction, and Adaptation to Climate Change – Papua New Guinea, World Bank-GFDRR-Climate Investment Funds-Climate Change Team/Envm., April 2011.

77

IX. LIST OF ANNEXES

78

ANNEX 1: PIA CHECKLISTS

PROJECT INFORMATION

Project Name: Maritime and Waterway Safety Project

Project Number: 44375-13

Loan Number: 2978-PNG

NAVIGATION AID LOCATION INFORMATION

Navaid Location: North Buka

Province;

Autonomous Region of Bougainville (AROB)

District;

Buka

Site Name (English/Traditional names):

1. Cape Hanpan 2. Aragah Reef

Community Name: Hanpan

Date of Assessment: 21 - 02 - 2016

Navaid Location/GPS: Lat; 05° 00.246’ S

Long; 154° 37.268’ E

Names of Team Members:

1) John Ellyett – Marine Safety Specialist 2) Priscilla Piandi – Environment Officer 3) Avis Burebo _ Valuer

Conditions of sea at time of assessment;

The weather was fine and the sea at the site was at its usual with large and heavy swells.

ENVIRONMENT BASELINE CONDITIONS

Description (Activities) Details Comments (Indicate attachments)

1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Site will be on hard reef that becomes exposed at low tide.

1.1 Sand Tick if Sand habitat:

1.1.1 Photos taken of sand habitat Yes No

1.2 Rubble Tick if Rubble habitat

1.2.1 Photos taken of rubble habitat Yes No

1.3 Sparse Coral Tick if Sparse Coral habitat

1.3.1 Photos taken of sparse coral habitat

Yes No

1.4 Seagrass Beds Tick if Seagrass habitat

1.4.1 Photos taken of seagrass habitat Yes No

1.5 Vigorous Coral (VC) Growth Tick if VC habitat

1.5.1 Photos taken of VC habitat Yes No

2. More than one position for navaid installation in at any one specific location? (TAB)

Yes No (Just one)

Coordinate with PM, TL and Engineer

If Yes, please specify below where from first position: (Estimate distance)

3. Old navaids in the area that needs to be replaced? Note its condition

Yes No Coordinate with PM, TL and Engineer

3.1 GPS points of old navaid site Lat; Long;

3.2 Photos taken of its condition and site?

Yes No

4. Presence of sensitive receptors that maybe jeopardized by installation operations;

4.1 Vigorous coral growth? Yes No

4.1.2 Note where it is from the navaid location

Not close (Suggest distance in m)

Close (Suggest distance in m)

Very close (Suggest distance in m)

4.1.3 Photos taken of VC Yes No

79

4.2 Seagrass beds? Yes No

4.2.1 Distance from the navaid location.




4.2.2 Photos taken of seagrass beds? Yes No

4.3 Mangroves? Yes No

4.3.1 Distance from the navaid location




4.3.2 Photos taken of mangroves Yes No

4.3 Cultural heritage site? Yes No





4.3.2 Photos taken of heritage site Yes No

4.4 Others that the community identified (Please specify)

Yes No

4.5 Is there a Marine Protected Area (MPA) within the navaid location?

Yes No

4.5.1 MPA located outside navaid location?

Yes No

If yes, how far?

4.6 Is the reef and marine habitats locally protected? Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMA)

Yes No If yes, what are some activities the locals do to conserve their reef.

4.7 Important species uncounted? (Threatened, rare or invasive species.)

Yes

No Apply precautionary approach. All parties involved to assume that rare and endangered species are present always and operate with appropriate care. - Report species uncounted to CEPA

4.7.1 Note where the species is from the navaid location.




4.7.2 Photos taken of species Yes No

4.8 Is the area known to have presence of old war relic?

Yes No

4.8.1 If yes for above, has ordnance survey been conducted?

Yes No

5. Climate Change signs (Note coral bleaching as an indicator of CC. Thus, CC impacts like the changes in sea level, sea temperature, pH, salinity, etc. affect corals)

Yes No

6. Other external pressures acting on marine habitats;

6.1 Freshwater inundation that may affect salinity. Are there any adjoining river bodies close to the navaid location?

Yes No

6.2 Poor water quality from sediment or pollutant run-off from any nearby river bodies.

Yes No

80

INSTALLATION SELECTION

7. Recommendation for types of navaid installation? (To be discussed with PM, TL Engineer)

North Cardinal.

Activities Details Comments (Indicate attachments)

7.1. Installation site;

7.2 GPS points of site taken Lat; 05° 00.246’ S

Long; 05° 00.246’ S

7.3 Photos taken of installation site

Yes No Photos to be attached as annexes

7.4 Depth (in m) at site 2 meters

Where there are more than one position for navaid installation at any one specific location. Only one pile installation at this site; 8-9 n/a.

8. Second Installation site;

8.1 Photos taken of 2nd installation site

Yes No N/A 8.2 GPS points of 2nd site Lat; Long;

8.3 Depth (in m) at site

9. Third Installation Site;

9.1 Photos taken of third site Yes No N/A

9.2 GPS points of 3rd site Lat; Long;

9.3 Depth (in m) at site

BARGE POSITIONING

10. Recommendation for Work barge and anchor location option. (To be discussed with PM, TL Engineer) Provide conceptual drawing of barge and anchor positioning with respect to the shore.

The PIA does not recommend location-specific barging positioning and stabilization for any of the navaid locations at the time of assessment. Barging position and stabilization will be left to the Contractor to manage as it sees appropriate based on actual weather conditions such as wind, tidal height and streams, and swells conditions during each installations. In additions, these weather conditions will be taken into consideration together with the barge pile equipment configuration. It does however strongly recommend that the contractor implements its environmental management plan keeping in mind avoidance or reasonable minimization of impacts to the reef or their nearby surrounding areas, most especially in locations where there are known conservation concerns to be considered.

10.1 Anchorage locations site;

10.2 Stern anchor Lat; Long; N/A

10.3 Bow anchor Lat; Long;

10.4 Photos taken of anchor sites (Bow)

Yes No

Where there are more than one position for navaid installation at any one specific location. (N/A)

11. Anchorage locations for 2nd

site;

11.1 Stern anchor Lat; Long; N/A 11.2 Bow anchor Lat; Long;

11.3 Photos taken of anchor site (Bow)

Yes No

12. Anchorage locations for 3rd

site;



Yes No

13. General note of the area;

Steep slope at the land edge lookout to the point. The lookout area is covered with lots of trees and vegetation all the way to the shore. From the shore extends There is always heavy swell on the adjacent reef below.

13.1 Underwater Photograph taken?

Yes No

81

13.2 Above water photographs taken?


13.3 Photograph of surrounding areas taken?


The information in this Pre-Installation Assessment Checklist represents what have been observed in the field and

are true at the time of the site visits.

Name Signature

Project Manager Eric Petrus

Team Leader Scott Keane

Environment Specialist Joselito Losaria

Environment Officer Priscilla Piandi

82

PROJECT INFORMATION





Navaid Location: Buka Passage

Province;

AROB

District;

Buka


3. Buka Passage beacon 1 4. Koteikanak

Community Name: Novanek


Navaid Location/GPS: Lat: 5° 26.877’ S Long: 154° 37.823' E


1) John Ellyett – Marine Safety Specialist 2) Priscilla Piandi – Environment Officer 3) Aron Kupo – Surveyor 4) Avis Burebo _ Valuer


The weather was fine and the sea at the site was calm and clear at the time of survey.



1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Photos of sand substrate to be attached as annexes.







Yes No






Yes No (Just one)







Yes No









83



















Yes No


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?

4.6 Is the reef and marine habitats locally protected? Locally Managed

Marine Areas (LMMA)



Yes








Yes No


Yes No


Yes No



Yes No


Yes No

84


7. Recommendation for types of navaid installation? (To be discussed with PM, TL Engineer) Port Lateral, 5 nm range.




Long; 154° 37.823' E

7.3 Photos taken of installation site Yes No Photos to be attached as annexes

7.4 Depth (in m) at site 3-4 meters


The navaid site is located at the outermost part of the reef. It is about 200 meters from the shore. Good sandy areas were seen for this site which also had a lot of sparse coral cover.

13.1 Underwater Photograph taken? Yes No Photos to be attached as annexes







Name Signature





85

PROJECT INFORMATION





Navaid Location: Carola Harbour

Province;

AROB

District;

Buka


5. Carola Landing Beacon 6 6. Tulung

Community Name: Karola


Navaid Location/GPS: Lat: 5° 08.62’ S

Long: 154° 33.474' E







1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Photos of sand and coral rubble substrate to be attached as annexes.







Yes No






Yes No (Just one)







Yes No











86

















Yes No


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?




Yes








Yes No


Yes No


Yes No



Yes No


Yes No

87



Monopile in water, white, 3nm.




Long; 154° 33.474' E



7.4 Depth (in m) at site <2 meters


The navaid site is located at the end of the reef adjacent to the dinghy landing area. It is about 100 meters from the shore. Good sandy areas were seen for this site which also had a lot of coral rubble.









Name Signature





88

PROJECT INFORMATION






Province;

AROB

District;

Buka


7. Hetau Passage Beacon 1/7 8. Wapu

Community Name: Hetau









1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Photos of sand and coral rubble substrate to be attached as annexes.







Yes No






Yes No (Just one)





3.1 GPS points of old navaid site Lat; 5° 08.218’ S

Long; 154° 32.493' E


Yes No












89
















Yes No


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?


Marine Areas (LMMA)



Yes








Yes No


Yes No


Yes No



Yes No


Yes No

90



Starboard lateral, 3nm.




Long; 154° 32.493' E



7.4 Depth (in m) at site 3-4 meters


The navaid site is located on a reef patch offshore. It is about 2 km from the shore. Good sandy areas were seen for this site which also had coral rubble with algal cover.









Name Signature





91

PROJECT INFORMATION






Province;

AROB

District;

Buka


9. Hetau Passage Beacon 2 /B8 10. Kulu

Community Name: Hetau









1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Photos of hard bottom reef with encrusting coral substrate to be attached as annexes.







Yes No






Yes No (Just one)





Very rusty old pile to be removed and replaced with a new one. 3.1 GPS points of old navaid site Lat;

5° 08.178’ S Long; 154° 32.920' E


Yes No











92

















Yes No


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?




Yes








Yes No


Yes No


Yes No



Yes No


Yes No

93


7. Recommendation for types of navaid installation? (To be discussed with PM, TL Engineer) Port lateral, 3 nm.

BARGE POSITIONING

10. Recommendation for Work barge and anchor location option. (To be discussed with PM, TL Engineer) Provide conceptual drawing of barge and anchor positioning with respect to the shore.

The PIA does not recommend location-specific barging positioning and stabilization for any of the navaid locations at the time of assessment. Barging position and stabilization will be left to the Contractor to manage as it sees appropriate based on actual weather conditions such as wind, tidal height and streams, and swells conditions during each installations. In additions, these weather conditions will be taken into consideration together with the barge pile equipment configuration. It does however strongly recommend that the contractor implements its environmental management plan keeping in mind avoidance or reasonable minimization of impacts to the reef or their nearby surrounding areas, most especially in locations where there are known conservation concerns to be considered.

10.1 Anchorage locations site;

10.2 Stern anchor Lat; Long; N/A

10.3 Bow anchor Lat; Long;


Yes No

Where there are more than one position for navaid installation at any one specific location. (N/A)

11. Anchorage locations for 2nd

site;


11.3 Photos taken of anchor site (Bow)

Yes No

12. Anchorage locations for 3rd

site;



Yes No


The navaid site is located on a reef patch offshore. It is about 400 meters from the nearest shore. Substrate under water is made up of encrusting corals over a hard bottom reef. There are a lot of patch reefs lying within the Carola Harbour.







94



Name Signature





95

PROJECT INFORMATION






Province;

AROB

District;

Buka


11. South Channel Beacon 3/ B9 12. Diwau 2

Community Name: Pororan









1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Photos of consolidated coral rubble substrate to be attached as annexes.







Yes No






Yes No (Just one)





3.1 GPS points of old navaid site Lat; 5° 09.117’ S

Long; 154° 33.401' E


Yes No











96

















Yes No


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?




Yes








Yes No


Yes No


Yes No



Yes No


Yes No

97



Starboard lateral.


The navaid site is located on a reef patch about 600 meters from the shore. Good sandy areas were seen for this site which also had a lot of sparse coral cover. Swamp on the land side of the beacon. Reef on the sea side of the beacon.









Name Signature





98

PROJECT INFORMATION






Province;

AROB

District;

Buka


13. South Channel Beacon No.1/B5 14. Diwau 1

Community Name: Pororan









1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Photos of encrusting coral substrate to be attached as annexes, forming hard reef.







Yes No






Yes No (Just one)





Very rusty old pile to be removed and replaced with a new one. 3.1 GPS points of old navaid site Lat;

5° 09.935’ S Long; 154° 33.356' E


Yes No









99



















Yes No


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?


Marine Areas (LMMA)



Yes








Yes No


Yes No


Yes No



Yes No


Yes No

100



Starboard lateral, 3nm.




Long; 154° 33.356' E





The navaid site is located on a reef patch. Old beacon to be removed to seabed level. It is about 1 km from the nearest shore. Good sandy areas were seen for this site which also had a lot of sparse coral cover with rocks.









Name Signature





101

PROJECT INFORMATION





Navaid Location: Nissan Island

Province;

AROB

District;

Nissan


15. Nissan South Point 16. Tulau/Kamloe 17. Welwel

Community Name: Gerei


Navaid Location/GPS: Lat: 4° 34.489’ S Long: 154°14.052' E







1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Substrate is of hard reef covered with algae. Photos to be attached as annexes.







Yes No






Yes No (Just one)





3.1 GPS points of old navaid site Lat;

Long;


Yes No











102

















Yes No


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?




Yes Presence of Bech-der-mer all around








Yes No


Yes No


Yes No



Yes No


Yes No

103


7. Recommendation for types of navaid installation? (To be discussed with PM, TL Engineer) South Cardinal, 10 nm.




Long; 154°14.052' E





The navaid site is located at the outermost part of the reef. Tree will need to be removed to prevent damage to the beacon. Beacon is approximately 10m from the reef drop off and 100 m from shore.


Yes No Site was above water at the time of assessment.







Name Signature





104

PROJECT INFORMATION





Navaid Location: Feni Island

Province;


District;

Namatanai


18. Pikan 19. Waranguspak

Community Name: Pikantubulan


Navaid Location/GPS: Lat: 4° 05.844’ S Long: 153° 34.221’ E




The weather was fine and the sea was calm and clear at the time of survey.



1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Substrate is of hard reef covered with algae cover. Photos to be attached as annexes.







Yes No


1.4.1 Photos taken of seagrass habitat

Yes No




Yes No (Just one)






Long;


Yes No












105


4.2.2 Photos taken of seagrass beds?

Yes No














Yes No Turtle nesting area about 1km away from the site. High turtle population in the area.


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?




Yes Presence of Bech-der-mer and molluscs and corals all around. The site is known to have edible seaweed at certain times of the year where locals come to harvest.




Close (All around within 400 m2 site)




Yes No


Yes No


Yes No



Yes No


Yes No

106



West Cardinal, 10 nm range.




Long; 153° 34.221’ E



7.4 Depth (in m) at site <1 m (Reef exposed at low tide)


The navaid site is located at the outermost part of the reef on the Western side of the Feni Island. It is about 30 meters from the shore. The light will provide position fixing for vessels travelling from both the north and south.









Name Signature





107

PROJECT INFORMATION





Navaid Location: Tanga Island

Province;


District;

Namatanai


20. Tanga/Malendok Island 21. Sinaudu (or Hantineng)

Community Name: Sindaodu/Emo


Navaid Location/GPS: Lat: 3° 27.271’ S Long: 153° 10.453’ E







1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Substrate is of hard reef covered with patches of live coral and sand. Photos to be attached as annexes.







Yes No






Yes No (Just one)






Long;


Yes No











108



















Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?




Yes Presence of Bech-der-mer and molluscs and corals all around. The site is known to have edible seaweed at certain times of the year where locals come to harvest.








Yes No


Yes No


Yes No


109


Yes No


Yes No


7. Recommendation for types of navaid installation? (To be discussed with PM, TL Engineer) West Cardinal, 10 nm range.




Long; 153° 10.453’ E



7.4 Depth (in m) at site 1 m (Reef exposed at low tide)


The navaid site is located at the outermost part of the reef about 70 meters from the shore. Light is well positioned to warn traffic travelling north, south and from the west of the existence of the reef and adjacent land. There are no houses adjacent to this light.









Name Signature





110

PROJECT INFORMATION





Navaid Location: Tench Island

Province;


District;

Namatanai


22. Silaka Reef 23. Tench Island

Community Name: Enus/Tench Island


Navaid Location/GPS: Lat: 1° 38.781 ’S Long: 150° 40.201’ E







1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Substrate is of aggregated rocks with algal cover. Photos to be attached as annexes.







Yes No






Yes No (Just one)






Long;


Yes No





Close Surrounding the 400 m2 area.




111



















Yes No


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?


Marine Areas (LMMA)

Yes No The locals conserve the turtles around their reef.


Yes








Yes No


Yes No


Yes No



Yes No


Yes No

112



West Cardinal, 10 nm range.


The navaid site is located at the outermost part of the reef about 150 meters from the shore. It will be positioned well seaward of tropical vegetation on the island. Will be seen north, west and south unhindered.









Name Signature





113

PROJECT INFORMATION





Navaid Location:

Musau/Emirau

Province;


District;

Kavieng


24. Emirau 25. Ekilekele 26. Ematawusuwusi

Community Name: Loaua


Navaid Location/GPS: Lat: 1° 35.727’S

Long: 149° 39.618’ E







1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Substrate is of hard reef covered with algae and patches of live coral. Photos to be attached as annexes.






1.3.1 Photos taken of sparse coral habitat Yes No






Yes No (Just one)






Long;


Yes No









4.2.1 Distance from the navaid location. Not close (Suggest distance in m)

114





4.3.1 Distance from the navaid location Not close (Suggest distance in m)












Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?



4.7 Important species uncounted?

(Threatened, rare or invasive species.) Yes Presence of Bech-der-mer and molluscs and corals all around. The site is known to have edible seaweed at certain times of the year where locals come to harvest.








Yes No


Yes No

5. Climate Change signs

(Note coral bleaching as an indicator of CC. Thus, CC impacts like the changes in sea level, sea temperature, pH, salinity, etc. affect corals)

Yes No


115


Yes No


Yes No



East cardinal, 10 nm range.



7.2 GPS points of site taken Lat; 1° 35.727’S

Long; 149° 39.618’ E

7.3 Photos taken of installation site Yes No Photos to be attached as annexes

7.4 Depth (in m) at site <1 m (Reef exposed at low tide)


The navaid site is located at the outermost part of the reef about 30 meters from the shore. A good number of bech-der-mer noted at the site. There is also an edible seaweed growing annually at the site.

13.1 Underwater Photograph taken? Yes No Site was above water at the time of assessment.







Name Signature





116

PROJECT INFORMATION





Navaid Location:

Tingwon Island

Province;


District;

Kavieng


27. Bangatan Reef

Community Name: Tingwon Island



Long: 149° 43.036’ E







1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; Substrate is of hard reef covered with algae and scattered seagrass at the end of the reef. Photos to be attached as annexes.






1.3.1 Photos taken of sparse coral habitat Yes No






Yes No (Just one)






Long;


Yes No










117

Close (Suggest distance in m) From the shoreline and all of the reef flat zone behind the reef crest where the pile will be.
















Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?




(Threatened, rare or invasive species.) Yes








Yes No


Yes No



Yes No



Yes No


Yes No

118



East cardinal, 10 nm range.


The navaid site is located at the outermost part of the reef about 200 meters from the shore. Good unrestricted arc of light to north, east and south from this point.








Name Signature





119

PROJECT INFORMATION





Navaid Location:

Raluana Point

Province;

East New Britain (ENB)

District;

Kokopo


1. Tagirgir Point

Community Name: Ialakua

Date of Assessment: 15- 03-2016


Long; 152° 12.793’ E


1) Eric Petrus –Project Manager 2) Scott Keane – Team Leader 3) John Elyett – Maritime Specialist 4) Joselito P Losaria – Environment Specialist


The weather during the time of site visit was generally fine and sunny.



1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; New navaid will be installed under water on a reef generally characterized as sparse coral with sand patches.





1.3 Sparse Coral Tick if Sparse Coral habitat;


Yes No






Yes No (Just one)


If yes, please specify below where from first position: (Estimate distance)

3. Old navaids in the area that needs to be replaced? Note its condition.




Yes No









120
















Yes No


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?


Marine Areas (LMMA)

Yes No


(Threatened, rare or invasive species.) Yes








Yes No


Yes No



Yes

No



Yes

No


Yes No

121



Monopile in water, Port Lateral or landfall, 5 NM range.



7.2 GPS points of site taken Lat;

Long;

7.3 Photos taken of installation site Yes No Above water photos to be attached as annexes



The pile will be located on an outlying reef off a low sandy point about 150 m from shore. Sea floor consists of coral and sand substrate. The site is also known locally to be a traditionally sacred area for male initiation rituals and ceremonies.


13.2 Above water photographs taken? Yes No Photos to be attached as annexes





Name Signature





122

PROJECT INFORMATION





Navaid Location: Vulcan Point

Province;

East New Britain

District;

Kokopo


1. Kuraira

Community Name: Tavana



Long: 152° 10.356’ E




The weather during the time of site visit was generally fine and sunny.



1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below;







Yes No



Yes No




Yes No (Just one)







Yes No









123






Yes No














Yes No


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?


Yes No


Yes








Yes No


Yes No


Yes

No



Yes

No


Yes No

124



Monopile in water, Sector Light, 6 NM range with separate white light, 2 NM range.


The light will be located on a sand and sparse coral seabed.







Name Signature





125

PROJECT INFORMATION





Navaid Location: Pidgeon Island (Big)

Province;

East New Britain

District;

Kokopo


1. Palakuvur Point

Community Name: Pupuongon/ Pupuongon


Navaid Location/GPS: Lat; 4° 16.217'S, Long; 152° 21.007'E




The weather during the time of survey was generally fine and sunny.



1. Is habitat of; Tick appropriate boxes below; New navaid will be installed on land at the easternmost point of the island on rock formation.







Yes No



Yes No




Yes No (Just one)







Yes No









126






Yes No














Yes No


Yes No


Yes No

If yes, how far?


Yes No


Yes








Yes No


Yes No


Yes

No



Yes

No


Yes No

127


7. Recommendation for types of navaid installation? (To be discussed with PM, TL Engineer) Monopile on land, South Cardinal or land fall light, 10 NM range.



7.2 GPS points of site taken Lat;

Long;

7.3 Photos taken of installation site Yes No Above water photos to be attached as annexes



The navaid in Pidgeon Island will be located in the easternmost tip of the Pigeon Island where the foundation will be of rock, presumably coralline limestone.







Name Signature





128

ANNEX 2: UNDERWATER AND ABOVE WATER PHOTOGRAPHS

CAPE HANPAN

Above water photos of Cape Hanpan, Buka Island.

View of the site from the sea.

View of the site from shore.

129

BUKA PASSAGE BEACON NO.2

Above water photos of Buka Passage Beacon No.2 site shown below.

Under water photos of Buka Passage Beacon No.5 site shown below.

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CAROLA LANDING BEACON NO.6

Above water photo of Carola Landing Beacon No.6 site shown below.

Under water photo of Carola Landing Beacon No.6 site shown below.

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HETAU PASSAGE BEACON NO.2

Above water photos of Hetau Passage Beacon No.2 site shown below.

Under water photos of Hetau Passage Beacon No.2 site shown below.

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HETAU PASSAGE BEACON NO.1

Above water photos of Hetau Passage Beacon No.1 site shown below.

Under water photos of Hetau Passage Beacon No.1 site shown below.

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SOUTH CHANNEL BEACON NO.3

Above water photo of South Channel Beacon No.3 site shown below.

Under water photos of South Channel Beacon No.1 site shown below.

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SOUTH CHANNEL BEACON NO.1

Above water photo of South Channel Beacon No.1 site shown below.

Under water photos of South Channel Beacon No.1 site shown below.

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NISSAN ISLAND

Above water photos of Nissan Island Southern End where the Beacon will be are shown below.

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FENI ISLAND, NEW IRELAND PROVINCE

Above water photos of the site at Feni Island shown below.

TANGA ISLAND, NEW IRELAND PROVINCE

Above water photos of the site at Tanga Island shown below.

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TENCH ISLAND, NEW IRELAND PROVINCE

Above water photo of the site at Tench Island shown below.

MUSAU/EMIRAU ISLANDS, NEW IRELAND PROVINCE

Above water photos of the site at Musau Island shown below.

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TINGWON ISLAND, NEW IRELAND PROVINCE

Above water photos of the site at Tingwon Island shown below.

Under water photos of the site at Tingwon Island shown below.

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EAST NEW BRITAIN PROVINCE

Above water photos of the site at ENB shown below.

Vulcan

Pidgeon Island

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KIMBE HARBOUR, WEST NEW BRITAIN PROVINCE

Above water photos of Kimbe Harbour Beacon No.6 site shown below.

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ANNEX 3: SCHEDULE OF PENALTIES AS PER THE PNG ENVIRONMENT ACT OF 2000

SL No.

Clause Description Reference for Validations

Penalties

1 11. Causing Serious Environmental Harm (1) A person who unlawfully causes a serious environmental harm is guilty of an offence. (2) In proceedings for an offence against Subsection (1), there is no requirement to prove that the person intended to cause the serious environmental harm.

PNG Environment Act, 2000 (Excerpts)

Penalty: Where the person convicted of an offence is – (a) a Corporation - a fine not exceeding K250,000.00; and (b) Other than a Corporation - a fine not exceeding K125, 000.00 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years, or both. Default penalty: A fine not exceeding K15, 000.00.

2 12. Causing Material Environmental Harm (1) A person who unlawfully causes a material environmental harm is guilty of an offence. (2) In proceedings for an offence against Subsection (1), there is no requirement to prove that the person intended to cause the material environmental harm.


Penalty: Where the person convicted of an offence is – (a) a Corporation – a fine not exceeding K100,000.00; and (b) other than a Corporation – a fine not exceeding K50,000.00 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or both Default penalty: A fine not exceeding K5, 000.00.

3 13. Causing Environmental Harm (1) A person who unlawfully causes an environmental harm by – (a) noise, dust, odour or electro-magnetism or litter; or (b) an unhealthy, offensive or unsightly condition because of a contaminant; or (c) Any other way prescribed by regulation, is guilty of an offence. (2) In proceedings for an offence against Subsection (1), there is no requirement to prove that the person intended to cause the unlawful environmental harm.”


Penalty: A fine not exceeding K20,000.00 Default penalty: A fine not exceeding K2, 000.00.

4 8.Duty to Notify Unlawful Environmental Harm (1) A person who becomes aware that unlawful serious environmental harm or unlawful material environmental harm is caused or threatened in the course of an activity carried out by that person, or over which that person has effective control, shall as soon as practicable give written notice to the Director of the circumstances in which the harm or risk of harm arose. (2) A person who fails to comply with Subsection (1) is guilty of an offence. (3) It is not reasonable excuse for a person to fail to give notice to the Director of the circumstances involving the harm on the ground that the notice, or the giving of the notice, might tend to incriminate the person. (4) A notice given by a person under Subsection (1) is not admissible in evidence against that person, or any other person


Penalty: Where the person convicted of an offence is – (a) a Corporation - a fine not exceeding K100,000.00; and (b) Other than a Corporation - a fine not exceeding K50, 000.00 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or both.

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carrying out the relevant activity, in any legal proceedings. (5) Subsection (4) does not prevent other evidence obtained because of the notice, or the giving of the notice, being admitted in any legal proceeding against the person.

Source: PNG Environment Act, 2000

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