Marine piping systems
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Transcript of Marine piping systems
![Page 1: Marine piping systems](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012816/555b0aedd8b42a64398b5325/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pipe Design and Production
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Ship Piping Systems
Marine Piping Systems
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Bilge System
Bilge System
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Bilge System
• Basic requirement is to provide effective drainage to all dry spaces and at the same time prevent water from entering the spaces through this system.
• Discharge of oily water from machinery spaces is to comply with MARPOL Annex 1
• Oily water is treated in an oily-water separator before being allowed to be discharged.
• Discharge water must be monitored with purity not to exceed ppm set by MARPOL.
![Page 5: Marine piping systems](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012816/555b0aedd8b42a64398b5325/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bilge System
Bilge main diameter, dm
25)(68.1 DBLdm
L = length of ship
B = Breadth
D = Depth
25)(15.2 DBldb
Branch bilge main diameter, db
l = length of compartment
(mm)
(mm)
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Bilge System
Bilge pump capacity, Q
3
2
1075.5 mdQ
• Two bilge pumps are required• Suctions are arranged such that water can be
pumped out when ship is inclined 5°• Arrangement must be such that water cannot pass
from sea or ballast system into dry spaces through the bilge system
(m3/h)
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Oily-water Separator
![Page 8: Marine piping systems](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012816/555b0aedd8b42a64398b5325/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ballast System
Ballast System
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Ballast System
• For safe operation, at least two ballast pumps are to be connected to ballast tanks.
• Stripping eductor can also be used for emptying the bilges in cargo holds with 2 non-return valves between hold and system
• Ship side valve material must not of grey cast iron and to direct mechanical manual operate
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Air and Sounding Systems
Purposes• to secure ventilation of tanks, cofferdam and
tunnels to prevent over-pressurizing and vacuum (air pipes)
• to ascertain the level of liquid in tanks, cofferdam and tunnels (Sounding pipes)
• Vent pipes need to prevent flooding of spaces through their upper ends
• Vent pipes need to safely prevent flammable liquids or vapours due to their fire hazards
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Air and Sounding Systems
Machinery Spaces• Heavy fuel oil overflow tank has short self-closing
type sounding pipe• HFO overflow tank air pipe is led to open deck as
required.• Lubricating oil sump tank air pipe may end inside
machinery space but away from ignition sources
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Air and Sounding Systems
Machinery Spaces• Air or overflow pipes internal are are normally
required to be 1.25 times the area of respective filling pipes for a tank.
• Velocity in the air pipe is not to exceed 4 m/s when using one pump for one tank.
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Air and Sounding Systems
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Air and Sounding Systems
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Fire-Fighting SystemsFire-fighting System
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Fire-Fighting Systems
Three groups:• Fire Main
– Seawater as fire extinguishing medium
– At least two fire pumps and are located in two different compartments
– An international shore connection is provided at port and starboard for external water supply
– System is tested with at least streams of water directed from one fire pump.
– Pressure relief valve is fitted to mains to protect sudden over-pressure.
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Fire-Fighting Systems
Three groups:• Carbon Dioxide system
– Dry fire protection
– Used in compartments that have potential for fire: engine room, emergency generator room, paint locker and galley hood
– System is equipped with audio and visual alarm to alert personnel to evacuate
– Prior to CO2 release, ventilation fans and fire damper to be shut.
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Fire-Fighting Systems
Three groups:• Sprinkle system
– Wet fire protection mainly for accommodation area– System is filled with fresh water and pressurized by
compressed air– Subsequently, water is supplied from fire main– Sprinkle and fire main systems are separated by an
alarm check valve.– When the pressure in the sprinkle drops below the fire
main fire pressure, the fire main pressure will overcome the internal pressure of the valve lift and automatically push open to accommodate the fire main.
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Fuel Oil Systems
Main concerns• Fire hazards
– Flash point
– Insulation
– Remote control of fuel oil valves
– Stopping of pumps
– Collection of drains from leaks
• Materials– Fuel oil pipes and their valves and fittings is required to
be of steel or other fire-resistance materials
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FO Storage and Transfer
FO Storage and Transfer
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FO Storage and Transfer
Important concerns• Overflow pipes• Quick-closing valves• Drain to waste oil tanks (spill trays)• Level gauge with heat-resistant glass for sounding• Remote control of fuel oil valves• Insulation of hot surfaces where fuel oil leaks
(possibly in a spray form) is possible
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HFO Settling Tank
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HFO Service Tank
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Quick-closing Valves
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FO Supply to Engine
FO System
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FO Supply to Engine
Main components• Storage (bunkers)• Transfer pump• Settling tank• Heater• Purifier• Service tank• Filter• Viscosity controller• Return Tank (10 to 15 minutes engine operation)
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HFO Duplex Filter
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HFO Transfer Pump
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HFO Heater
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HFO Separator
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HFO Separation System
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Diesel Fuel Separation System
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Diesel Fuel Separation System
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Lubricating Oil Storage and Transfer
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Lubricating Oil Storage and Transfer
Main components• Filling from deck to tanks• Main LO storage tank to deliver to ME sump tank• Quick-closing valves operable from outside ER
where valves are below top of tanks (not applicable for small tanks below 0.5 m3)
• Air pipes may terminate inside ER provided their openings do not constitute a fire hazard
• Duplex filters (or self-cleaning) are used without interrupting operations
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Lubricating Oil Circulation System
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Lubricating Oil Service Tank
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Lubricating Oil Pump
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Lubricating Oil Filter – Self-cleaning
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Lubricating Oil Filter – Self-cleaning
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Lubricating Oil System - Thermostatic Valve
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Shell-and-Tube LO Cooler
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Lubricating Oil Purifier
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Lubricating Oil Purifier
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Seawater Cooling System
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Seawater Cooling System
Arrangement• Conventional and Central cooling• High and low sea chests• Suctions are arranged from two sea inlets
preferably on the opposite sides of the ships• Filters can be cleaned without interrupting the
water supply in the system.• Temperature controlled three-way valves to re-
circulate water when the water is cold
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Seawater Cooling System
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Overboard Discharge
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Freshwater Cooling System Freshwater Cooling System
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Freshwater Cooling System
Arrangement• Freshwater from engine is delivered to freshwater
generator (evaporator)• Pressure in the system is regulated by he
expansion tank• Temperature-controlled three-way valves to allow
re-circulation• High-temperature circuit (jacket cooler), low-
temperature circuit (lubricating oil)
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Freshwater Generator (Evaporator)
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Freshwater Cooler (Plate-type)
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Jacket Water Pump
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Freshwater Header Tank
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Compressed Air System
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Compressed Air System
• Normally three systems
– Starting air
– Service air
– Control air
• Require two main compressors to charge two air receivers from atmospheric within one hour
• Capacity of receivers sufficient to produce:– 12 starts for reversible engines
– 6 starts for non-reversible engines
– 3 starts for auxiliary engines
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Compressed Air System
• No connections to other machinery between air
compressors and main air receivers• Emergency air compressor can be diesel driven or
power supplied from emergency generator• Pressure reduction stations and filters are required
to be duplicates• Safety relief valves are fitted at receivers and set
at 10% above operating pressure• Compressed air line is classes as Class II due to
high pressure.
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Air Compressors
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Air Receivers
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Auxiliary Air Receiver
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Emergency Air Receiver
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Control Air Dryer (Refrigerant-type)
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Pressure-reducing Station
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Domestic Water System
Domestic Water System
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Domestic Water System
• Freshwater is made by Freshwater generator (evaporator)
• Delivery of water to accommodation from hydrophore units is by compressed air
• Domestic water is sterilized before consumption• Domestic water is heated and then circulated (by
hot-water circulating pumps) • Domestic water is also used by HFO, DO and LO
separators
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Hydrophoreunit
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Domestic Water Heater
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Power Generating System
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Generator System Diesel
Generator System
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Steam System
Steam System
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Steam System
• Normally divided into:– Feed water systems
– Steam supply• For heating tanks
• For heating pipelines
• To heat exchangers
– Condensate
• Heat of exhaust gas is recovered in economizer to generate steam
• Diesel propulsion system is normally fitted with an auxiliary boiler
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Steam System
• Steam with pressure above 7 bar or temperature above 170°C are considered Class II piping.
• Steam with pressure above 16 bar or temperature above 300°C is of Class I piping.
• With respect to materials for valves and fittings in Class II piping system, grey cast iron may not be used up to ND 200, pressure up to 13 bar and temperature up to 250°C
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Auxiliary Boiler
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Cargo Pump Turbine and Condenser